Unxulumano Olumandundu Phakathi koRhulumente wasekuhlaleni nezindlu ezinokufumaneka

Unxulumano phakathi korhulumente wasekuhlaleni nezindlu ezinokufikeleleka lulolonga umgangatho wentlalo noqoqosho lwelizwe lonke. Amagunya asekuhlaleni anegunya elibalulekileyo lokusebenzisa umhlaba, ukwabiwa kwemali, kunye nemigaqo elawulayo emisela ngokuthe ngqo ukufumaneka nokufumaneka kwezindlu. Kubafundisi-mfundo, abafundi, abaxhasi bezentlalo, kunye neengcali zenkqubo, ukuyiqonda le migaqo, kubalulekile ukuqhuba utshintsho olunenjongo. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa iindlela oorhulumente basekuhlaleni abaphembelela ngazo izindlu, imiqobo abajamelana nayo, kunye nenkqubo eye yaphumelela ekufikeleleni amakhaya anokufikeleleka.

Igunya likarhulumente wasekuhlaleni ngaphezu komgaqo-nkqubo wezindlu

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni basebenza kumgaqo ophambili wenkqubo yezindlu, besebenzisa amagunya agunya agunyaziswe ngurhulumente kunye namaqumrhu orhulumente asoloko ewathuma phantsi. La magunya aquka igunya lokwabelana ngemithetho, ukunyanzelisa ukwakhiwa kwekhowudi, ucwangciso lomhlaba, kunye nolawulo lwezezimali zokuxhasa izindlu. Ngenxa yokuba iimarike zezindlu zifumaneka ngokwemvelo, zikamasipala kunye noorhulumente bephondo bakwindawo engcono yokuphendula kwiimfuno ezithile zoluntu. Noko ke, obu bunye ubunganiphene buthetha ukuba izigqibo zasekuhlaleni zinokukhawulezisa okanye zibambe inkqubela kwimali ehlawulwayo.

Imithetho yokuzingela kunye nemithetho esetyenziswayo

Imithetho yokulungisa imela eyona zixhobo zinamandla ekhoyo yoorhulumente basekuhlaleni ukulungiselela ukubonelela ngokusetyenziswa kwezindlu. Le mithetho imisela okokuba kunokwenziwa phi, apho inokukhiwa khona, kwaye ngobuphi ubunzima. Isiseko seentsapho enye, esihlala sixhaphakile kumazwe amaninzi, ithintela ukuphuhliswa kwamakhaya ahlukeneyo kwiindawo ezininzi, ngokunempumelelo ngaphandle kwezindlu ezininzi kunye namaxabiso aphezulu elizwe. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bangamkela utshintsho olwandisa ukhetho lwezindlu, olunje:

  • [[FLT: 0] ukucutha okanye ukunciphisa ubungakanani obuncinci bemithwalo [[FLT: 1] ukuvumela amakhaya amancinci, anokufikeleleka.
  • Ukunikezela ngamaqela okufumana (ADU) kumaqashiso eentsapho enye ukwandisa unikezelo lwerente.
  • Ukuhlanganisa kufuphi neepaseji ezidlulayo ukukhuthaza uphuhliso oluphezulu.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ukuphumeza imithetho edibanisayo [ efuna ipesenti yeeyunithi ezintsha ukuba ifikeleleke.

Olu tshintsho lomthetho lungavula unikezelo lwezindlu ngaphandle kokuba kufuneke iinkcitho zikawonke-wonke. Ngokutsho kophando oluvela kwi-Urban Institute, ukuhlanganiswa kotshintsho kunye nemigaqo engqinelanayo kuvelisa iziphumo ezinamandla zokufumana imali.

Iindlela Zokwakha Nemvume

Imithetho yokwakha iqinisekisa ukhuseleko nomgangatho, kodwa ivumela imvume ende kunye neemfuno zekhowudi eziphelelwe lixesha zingaqhubela phambili iindleko zolwakhiwo. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bangavumela iiprojekthi zezindlu ezinokufikeleleka ngokumisela iinkqubo zokuhlola ezicwangcisiweyo, ukunciphisa iindleko, kunye nokwamkela imilinganiselo yekhowudi ethambileyo evumela iindlela zokwakha ezitsha njengezindlu ezincinci. Olu tshintsho lolawulo lunciphisa ixesha nabaphuhlisi bemali kufuneka banikele, oku kwenza kube lula ngakumbi ukwakha iiyunithi ngokwee-a yexabiso eliphantsi.

Izixhobo Nezixhobisayo Zemali

Urhulumente usebenzisa izixhobo zemali ukuze ancede abantu bafumane izindlu ezinokufikeleleka.

Imali ethe ngqo neGratya

Oomasipala abaninzi banika ingeniso okanye iqhina elisekwe kwimali yokuxhasa izimali zokuhlala. Le mijelo yemali enikezelweyo ixhasa ukwakhiwa, ukubuyiselwa, nokulondolozwa kweeyunithi ezifikelelekayo. Imali yokuthengwa kwezindlu zongingqi inokuhlawulwa ngerhafu yempahla, uxwebhu, okanye iirhafu zentengiselwano ezinikezelweyo. I-National Low Inhome Home Builmation[ iingxelo zokuba amakhulukhulu emithetho elawulayo ngoku asebenzisa imali enjalo, angenisa amawaka ezigidi zeerandi ezinokufumaneka minyaka le ndawo.

Amatyala Erhafu Nawokunyotywa

Irhafu yempahla inciphisa iindleko zokusebenza kwenkqubela-mali yokusebenza yezindlu ezifikelelekayo, ivumela abaninizo ukuba bagcine iirente zisezantsi. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bayakwazi ukuxhasa inkqubo yelothe yeLifa leMpazamo yeNkcubeko yeNkcubeko ngokubonelela ngenkxaso-mali okanye ngokusungula iinkqubo zokuxhasa inkxaso-mali kwiiCwangciso zabo ezifanelekileyo zokufudusa. Abanye oomasipala baye bayila iinkqubo zabo zokutyala irhafu ezishiyelwe yimali karhulumente.

Iimali eziphangaleleyo neminikelo yomhlaba

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni banganikezela ngemali-mboleko ephantsi okanye exolelwayo kwingeniso engekhoyo kunye nabenzi bengeniso ukugquma isithuba semali. Ngaphezu koko, oomasipala basoloko benomhlaba onobunewunganyibilikisi obungathunyelwa ngaphantsi kwentengiso ukwenzela ukuphuhliswa kwezindlu ezinokufikeleleka. Le ndlela yokubhankiswa komhlaba inciphisa inxalenye enye enkulu yexabiso lolwakhiwo olutsha kwaye iqeshwe ngempumelelo kwizixeko ezinjenge-Denver neSeattle.

Imiqobo Abajamelene Nayo Oorhulumente Basekuhlaleni

Nangona zinegunya nezixhobo ezizisebenzisayo, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bajamelana nemiqobo enzima xa bezama ukwandisa izindlu ezinokufikeleleka.

Inkcaso Yasekuhlaleni NobuGcisa

"Kungekho Kum weBackyard" (I-NIMBY) imvakalelo ihlala ingomnye wezona ngxaki zingapheliyo. Abahlali basoloko bechasa iziphumo ezintsha zeentsapho ezininzi ngenxa yokuxhalabela amaxabiso empahla, iimpawu zobume, ukuxinana kweenqwelo-mafutha, okanye ukuxinana kwesikolo. Oku kungalibazisela imisebenzi iminyaka emininzi kwaye kwandise iindleko ngemingeni esemthethweni kunye neemfuno zokuhlaziya. Oorhulumente boluntu kufuneka balinganisele igalelo lokwenyaniso loluntu nomdla othe ngqo ekufumaneni izindlu. Ukufikelela okunelisayo kuquka ukudibana kwamaqela oluntu, ukuboniswa ngokucacileyo kogcino-lwazi ngeenzuzo zezindlu ezinokufikeleleka, nokusetyenziswa kweengenelo zeengenelo eziluncedo ezinxulumene nezivumelwano ezinxulumene nabahlali abathetha ngokuthe ngqo.

Izinto Ezibalulekileyo Nezibalulekileyo

Uqingqo-mali lukaMasipala lunciphile. Amapolisa, umlilo, izikolo, izibonelelo, nezinye iinkonzo ezibalulekileyo zikhuphisana ngengeniso elinganiselweyo. Izindlu ngokufuthi zifumana inkxaso encinane ngenxa yokuba iingenelo zazo zithatha ixesha elide kwaye zingabonakali ngokukhawuleza. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bangakuphendula oku ngokudala imijelo yengeniso enikezelweyo, efana nemixokelelwano egunyazisiweyo okanye iindleko zezindlu ezikhuselweyo, ezigqunywe kumathelo oqingqo-mali onyaka. Amanye amadolobha aye amkela "zingenisi lokuqala" ukuqingqa iimpahla ezisetyenziswa ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zezindlu.

Iingxaki zolawulo

Oorhulumente abaninzi basekuhlaleni, ingakumbi kwimimandla encinane, abanabo ubuchule kunye nenkqubo yobugcisa efunekayo ukulawula iinkqubo zokuhlala ngendlela elungeleleneyo. Amasebe aqeshwayo ajongene nee-projekthi zokuzihlola, ukulibaziseka, kunye nobunzima ekulandeleni iminqophiso efikelelekayo. Ukuveliswa kwemibutho yabasebenzi, intsebenziswano evumela amaqonga, kunye nentsebenziswano yobuchule bobugcisa ephakathi kwesebe, kunganceda ezi brorho.

Ubuchule Bokomeleza Iinkqubo Zezindlu Zobulali

Urhulumente wasekuhlaleni ocinga phambili wamkela iindlela ezidityanisiweyo ezidibanisa ulungiso-nkqubo, uhlaziyo lwemali, kunye nentsebenziswano yoluntu.

Ubungqina

Umtshato onenjongo awupheleli nje ekuchotshelweni kwabantu, nto leyo edla ngokutsala kuphela abantu abachasayo.

  • [[UMTL:0] Imisebenzi yokubona esetyenziswayo evumela abemi ukuba bazenzele uphuhliso.
  • I-'i-Pilot' ifuna uhlolo' oluqokelela ugcino-lwazi kumgangatho wengeniso yasekuhlaleni, imithwalo yerente, kunye noluhlu lokulinda.
  • Ikomiti zamaqela enomelo olusuka kubaqeshi abahlawulwa phantsi, abanikazi bendlu, ababhekisi phambili, nabanikezeli benkonzo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Izixhobo zokubophelela ezifana nohlolo lwe-intanethi kunye neemaphu ezisebenzisanayo ukufikelela kubantu ababanzi.

Xa abemi bemi beqonda umgangatho wendlu efunekayo kwaye benelizwi kwizisombululo, inkcaso isoloko ithamba kwaye ixhase ikhule. Imanyano yokucwangcisa yaseMelika [[FLT: 1] inikeza ukhokelo kuqheliselo olulunge ngakumbi lokuzibophelela ekucwangcisweni kwezindlu.

Ukwenza izigqibo zogcino-lwazi

Oorhulumente bongingqi abasisiseko senkqubo yezindlu kugcino-lwazi olomeleleyo badla ngokufumana iziphumo ezingcono. Iimilingo engundoqo iquka amaqondo okuqesha, irente-ya kumlinganiselo wokufumana, intengo yokugxotha ishefu, nenani leentsapho ezitsala iindleko. Ukukhangela ezi ziphawuli kwixesha eligqitha livumela abenzi benkqubo ukuba baphawule amanqam aqhambukayo, bavavanye ubuchule benkqubo, kwaye benze imeko yongezelelo. Oonomasipala abaninzi ngoku bapapasha iikhadi zoshicilelo lwezindlu okanye iibhodi zoqhawulo-mthetho ezinyusa ukubonakala nokuphendula.

Umanyano lwezibonelelo zoluntu kunye noMphathi-mikhosi oPhakathi-

Urhulumente wasekuhlaleni ovelisa umanyano olunamandla nemibutho engafumani ngeniso, abaphuhlisi abasemagunyeni namaziko emali akhulisa impembelelo yabo.

Ukusebenza nabaphuhlisi bezindlu abangafumani ngeniso

Abaphuhlisi abaphumezi ingeniso bazisa ubuchule obunzulu kwimali yezindlu ezifikelelekayo, ubudlelwane boluntu, kunye nolawulo lwempahla. Basoloko bekulungele kakhulu kunakusetyenziselwe iinkampani zengeniso enzima ekusebenzeni kwimisebenzi enzima emakhaya afumana imali ephantsi kakhulu. Oorhulumente bongingqi banokuwaxhasa la maqabane ngemali-mboleko yangaphambi kokuphuhliswa, ngenkxaso, nangezinto eziphambili zokufikelela kwilizwe elimiselwe isixeko. Ngokubuyayo, iingeniso ezingayiyo zinikela kwizivumelwano zemali ezithengwa ixesha elide kunye neenkonzo zabahlali-mente ezigcina ii-metancies.

Ikomkhulu Eliyihlelo Labucala

Ikomkhulu lasekuhlaleni libalulekile ekuvaleni umsantsa wemali wezindlu ezinokufikeleleka. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bangatsala utyalo-mali ngezixhobo ezifana nezi:

  • [[UMTL: 0] Imali yolwandiso (ITP) ebamba ingeniso yerhafu yempahla yexesha elizayo ukuhlawula iindleko zophuhliso lwangoku.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukholoso lomhlaba (Imiqathango) olwahlula ubunikazi bomhlaba kwizakhiwo, ukunciphisa ixabiso lokuthenga kwizinto ezithengwayo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Imali kunye neenkqubo zoqhagamshelwano ezifuna abaphuhlisi bomzi - mveliso ukunikela kwimali yengqesho yezindlu ezinokufikeleleka.

Ezi nkqubo zilungelelanisa izilangazelelo zabadlali basekuhlaleni nabangabodwa ngoxa ziqinisekisa ukuba inkxaso kawonke wonke isetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo.

Uphando lwemeko oluphumelelayo kwiNdlu yeNdawo

Uhlolisiso lwemizekelo yehlabathi lubonisa oko kunokwenzeka xa oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bezimisele ukwenza into ekwaziyo ukuyifumana. Olu hlolisiso lulandelayo lubalaselisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo eziye zavelisa iziphumo ezinokuthenjwa.

Minneapolis, Minnesota: Ukuphelisa uZoning onguMtshana omnye

Ngo-2018, iMinneapolis yaba sisixeko sokuqala esingundoqo eUnited States ukuphelisa inkqubela-phambili yentsapho enye kwiSicwangciso sayo sama-2040 seKhompyutha. Utshintsho lwavumela ii-38xs kuwo onke amangingqi ahlala kuwo, ngokuphumelelayo ikwenza ngokomthetho izakhiwo ezininzi kwisixeko esibanzi. Iinkqubo zokuqokelela iquka ukususa iimfuno ezincinci zokupaka nokuhlawula nokunyusa inkqubela phambili. Ubungqina bokuqala bubonisa ukuba inkqubo inyusa imveliso yezindlu, ingakumbi yamaqela amancinci, anokulinganayo, ngaphandle kweziphumo ezingalunganga kwimiqathango yempahla eyaxelwa kwangaphambili ngabaphikisi. IMinneapolis ibonisa ukuba utshintsho oluneyo lusebenza kakhulu kwezobupolitika kwaye lulawulwa ngurhulumente.

IPortland, Oregon: IVoter-Aeter Home Bond

Ngonyaka ka-2016, abavoti basePortland bavuma ukuba kubekho umanyano lwezindlu ezifikelelekayo oluzizigidi ezingama-258.4, olona hlobo lukhulu kunyaka wePasifiki kumNtlantshona wentshona weNtshona Koloni. Isivumelwano saxhasa ukwakhiwa kwamawaka amatsha eeqela aqeshiweyo, ngokujongela ngokuqinileyo kwikomiti yoluntu equka abahlali abahlala emava engxenge-xeni. Indlela yePortland ebekwe ngokungabinanto ngokujolisa utyalo kwimimandla ephakathi ekwimbali ehlukeneyo kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba amaqela ahlala elingana ubuncinane iminyaka engama-60. Lo manyano luye lwanconywa ngokuba nemveliso ekhawulezayo ngexesha lokuqeshwa kwemali.

IMontgomery County, eMaryland: Oovulindlela Abancinane

Inkqubo yeMontgomery County ephakathi kwe-Priced Homet (MPDU) emiselwe ngo- 1974, yenye yeenkqubo ezindala nezinempumelelo zokuhlanganisa eUnited States. Lo mthetho ufuna abaphuhlisi abangama-20 okanye ngaphezulu beyunithi zokubekela bucala i12.5 ukuya kwi15 ekhulwini leyunithi ezinokufikeleleka. Ngokutshintshisana, abaphuhlisi bafumana uxinzelelo oluvumela ukwakha iiyunithi ezininzi kuneeprojekthi ezinokuzivumela ngenye indlela. Ekuhambeni kweminyaka engamashumi, inkqubo ivelise amashumi amawaka eeyunithi ezingafikelelekiyo ezisasazeke ngaphaya komgangeno, idibanisa izindlu ezinokufumaneka ezidityaniweyo ezidityanisiweyo kunokuba banikele kuzo kwiindawo eziphantsi ekungeneni.

Ukuqalisa Utyekelo Neendlela Zexesha Elizayo

Iindawo zokuhlala ezinokufikeleleka ziyaqhubeka ziguquka, yaye oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bazama ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezintsha neziza kufikelela kwiimfuno ezikhulayo.

Ukusebenzisa Imigaqo Elungeleleneyo Nemigaqo Yoguqulelo

Ukuguqula izakhiwo ze-ofisi, iihotele, neevenkile zibe ziindawo zokuhlala kufumaneke njengendlela yokwandisa ngokukhawuleza ukunikezelwa kwezindlu. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni banokukwazi ukuguqula ezi ndawo ngokuphumza kunye nemithetho yokwakha, ngokunika umsantsa wemali, nokuvumela. Ukutshintshela kumsebenzi osemaphandleni kukhawulezisa amathuba okuhlala kwiindawo ezikhoyo kunye nokungena kwezixhobo zorhwebo.

Izindlu njengezakhiwo

Intshukumo ekhulayo ithi izindlu kufuneka ziphathwe njengezibonelelo zikawonke-wonke, zifanele iindidi ezifanayo zemali karhulumente nezorhulumente njengendlela, iibhulorho, kunye neenkqubo zamanzi. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni abamkela le nkqubo yokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokubonelela bayakwazi ukufikelela kwimisebenzi yengqesho yesakhiwo sokuhlala kwaye benze ityala lokutyala izindlu njengezixhobo zokuphuhlisa uqoqosho. Ezinye izixeko ziye zayila izimali ezinikezelweyo zokuxhasa izindlu ezidibaniselana iingeniso ezininzi ukwenzela ukuthelekelela, ukuveliswa kwemali kwixesha elide.

Ukhuseleko lwendawo kunye nomlinganiselo wokulwa nokungqubana

Uphuhliso lodwa alwanele. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bamkela imigaqo-nkqubo yokhuseleko eninzi ukukhusela ukushenxiswa kommandla okufuphi nokwakhiwa kwakhona. Le nkqubo iquka ukuqeshwa kwerhafu, iziphumo nje zokugxothwa, iinkqubo zokucebisa zasekunene, kunye noncedo lokufuduswa kwenye indawo. Xa zidityaniswe nolwakhiwo olutsha, ukhuseleko oluneentambo ziqinisekisa ukuba abemi abakhoyo bangahlala kuluntu lwabo njengoko iimeko zezindlu ziphucula.

Isiphelo

Unxulumano oluphakathi korhulumente wasekuhlaleni nezindlu ezinokufikeleleka lunamandla kwaye luntsonkothile. Abaphathi bengingqi banezixhobo ezisemthethweni, zemali, kunye nezicwangciso ezifunekayo zokwandisa ukufikelela kwezindlu, ukanti bajongene nemiqobo ebalulekileyo equka ukuchasana kwebutho labantu, imida yemikhosi, kunye nokungalawuleki kolawulo. Ezona ndlela zisebenzayo zidityaniswayo zidityaniswayo, utshintsho logcino-lwazi, ucwangciso lweziko, kunye nokudityaniswa koluntu. Izifundo ze-sethi ye-sethi ye-sethi ye-Ceapolis, iPortland, kunye neMontgomery County zibonisa ukuba inkqubela iyafumaneka xa oorhulumente besenza umsebenzi ngokutyibilikayo, abafundi, abaxhasi, nabasebenzi bemibutho, basebenzisana, baqonda olu nxulumano lokuqala kulwakhiwo lokuqala, olukhuselekileyo, nolungenayo.