Kwiminyaka emine, iUnited States ibona ukwanda kwamandla ezobupolitika ngexesha lonyulo lomongameli. Noko ke, isiseko esibalulekileyo kwezi zithathi-nxaxheba ziphezulu zibekwe kwiinyanga ezingaphambili, ngokufuthi kukufa kobusika okanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngokwenkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba lunyulo oluphambili. Ngexesha unyulo oluqhelekileyo luthatha ingqalelo yesizwe, iprojekthi ilapho, yaye ngamanye amaxesha kusenziwa ukhetho olubalulekileyo. Ummi oqhelekileyo, oqonda ixesha langaphambi kwezobupolitika zaseMelika asilo nje icebo lemfundo; sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokuqinisekisa ilizwi lazo livakala kude ngaphambi kokuba uvote isalathiso sokugqibela. Oku kunika ukhokelo olucacileyo, olucacileyo, oluqwalasela unyulo, olubalulekileyo, oluhlola impembelelo yalo, olubalulekileyo kwimeko yezopolitistiki, kwaye lunokuba lusebenzisa inyathelo lokusebenza kurhulumente lakho kurhulumente wakho.

Luluphi Ukhetho Oluphambili?

Iinkcazelo zeChebe kunye nenjongo

Unyulo oluphambili lunyulo oluqulethwe liqela lezobupolitika, okanye olulawulwa lizwe elijongene neqela, ukukhetha umbutho oza kunyulwa ngalo jikelele. Le nkqubo isebenza kuzo zonke iiofisi ezinyuliweyo, ukusuka kwibhunga lesixeko kunye nendlu yowiso-mthetho karhulumente ukuya kwiKhotenanti ye-U.S. kunye neKhosi-Byempathila. Imithetho elawula amaPrimenti luxube oluntsonkothileyo lwemithetho yezombuso kunye nemithetho yeqela, ekhokelela kuludwe lwamaqela ezahlukahlukeneyo lwemikhwa yemikhwa ekhoyo kulo lonke ilizwe. Phezu kwayo, uMgaqo-siseko we-siseko we-10 oyasekuhlaleni, ongawaphathiswanga gunya likarhulumente worhulumente worhulumente kumazwe, uchaza igunya elibanzi "ngexesha, iindawo, kunye nendlela yokuchola, okuphumela ekuphumeleni komsebenzi weenkqubo ezisisiseko zeenkqubo ezingundoqo esiwubonayo namhlanje. Phezu kwako ukusebenza okuhlala kumsebenzi: uMgalelo omnye womgangatho wokujikeleza komnye wolawulo.

Imbali Efutshane Yenkqubo Esisiseko

Inkqubo engundoqo njengoko siyazi namhlanje yavela kakhulu kwi yeNkathi eProgress yasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20. Phambi kokuba iprimaries ezisasaziweyo, iqela latyunjwa ngabalawuli beqela kunye neendwendwe kwindibano ezivaliweyo/isixokelelwano esaziwa ngokuba "ngamagumbi agcwalisiweyo" abaguquli batyhalelwa ukuba banikezele amandla kumalungu eqela eliphezulu- kunye nefayile yeqela kwaye banciphise ukunganyaniseki. Oku kuguqula ulwalamano phakathi kobunkokeli beqela novoti, kudala ii-projekthi eziphakathi kwezobupolitika esizibonayo namhlanje. Ukuthathwa kwamaprigini kwakungahambelanga mgama elinye, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kulondolozwe ukuba kugcinwe iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukwenzela ezizizo zonyulo.

Isiqalo. Unyulo ngokubanzi

Kuluncedo ukucinga ngonyulo oluyintloko noluqhelekileyo njengokhuphiswano olubini olwahlukileyo nabaphulaphuli abahlukeneyo. Kwelokuqala, abaza kuthabatha babhenela kwisiseko seqela labo.

Iintlobo Zokhetho Oluphambili

Imithetho engqalileyo echaza ukuba ngubani onokuvota kwizinto ezahluka-hlukeneyo ngokuphawulekayo ngokokwahlukene kwesizwe. Ukuqonda olu mahluko kungundoqo ekulazini amalungelo akho njengomvoti nokuchaza iziphumo zolu khuphiswano.

Ii-Primetric eziValiweyo

Kwinkqubo esisiseko evaliweyo, kuphela abavoti ababhaliswe njengamalungu eqela elithile lezobupolitika abanokuvota kwintloko-siseko yalo mbutho. UDemocrat obhalisiweyo akanakuvota kwiRiphabliki ephambili, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo. Isiphumezi-miyalelo esiphambili sokuvala ama-primerini sisithi bathintele "ukukhulula" qhinga elisebenzayo apho abavoti beqela elinye benqumla khona ukuze bavote umbutho obuthathaka kunalowo uphikisanayo. Le nkqubo iyakuphikisa nokuba amalungu abhalileyo aqinisekisa ukuba amalungu azinikeleyo kuphela anokuthetha ekukhetheni umnenga, ukugcina ingqibelelo yeqela.

Vula Iindawo

Abavoti abavulekileyo bavumela nabani na obhalisiweyo ukuba akhethe ukuba yeyiphi eyona ndawo afuna ukuvota kuyo ngemini yonyulo, ngaphandle kokuba avume ekuhleni ukuba lilungu leqela. Le nkqubo iyanconywa ngokukhuthaza ukhetho lovoti kunye nokuthabatha inxaxheba okukhulayo, ingakumbi phakathi kwabavoti abaziziququququ. Abagxeki, nokokuba, baphikisa ngelithi imema ukuhlasela nokuphelisa amandla amalungu azinikeleyo, ivumela abavoti abangenalucalucalucalucalulo lokwenene kwiqela lokuncedisa ekukhetheni ukhetho lomgcini wayo wemigangatho. Amazwe anjengoMichigan, no-Almadamas asebenzisa iinkqubo eziphambili ezivulekileyo ngokufuthi zihlala kwiqela elivulekileyo nokuba ngabaphi na amalungu eqela asekuhlaleni afanele abe lingumntu ozinikele okanye isixhobo sikawonke sokuthabatha inxaxheba.

Ii-Primes eziValekileyo

Yimodeli exubileyo, amalungu abhaliswe kancinane abhalisweyo avote kuphela kwilungu lawo lokuqala, ngeli lixa abavoti abazimeleyo bengenako ukukhetha ukuba yeyiphi eyona ndlela yokuthatha inxaxheba. Le nkqubo ijolise ekulinganiseni ulwahlulo oluphakathi lwe-plustration kunye neempawu zeqela ezikhuselayo ezivaliweyo. Iyavuma ukuba inani elikhulayo labavoti abachaza njengabazimeleyo ngelixa benika ilizwi elinamandla kwimiqathango ebhaliswe. Imodeli i-North Carolina ne-New Hampshire yimizekelo yamazwe angenazikhuseli ezivaliweyo. Le mizekelo idla ngokubonwa njenge-pramatisi elala kwingxoxo eqhubekayo efumanekayo kufikelelo lokuqala.

IiPrimori eziPhezulu- Ezimbini (Nonpartain Blanket Primary)

Umzekelo owahlukileyo ngowokuqala ophezulu-kabini, osetyenziswa eKhalifoniya, eWashington, nase Nebraska (kulonke i-ofisi ezingathathi-nxaxheba). Kwesi sixokelelwano, bonke abatsha abatsha abatsha bavela kwiqela eliphambili elinye. Abavotelwayo bangavota nabani na oza kubhalisa. Abathathi-nxaxheba bafumana olona voti, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngabaphi na, baqhubekele phambili kunyulo jikelele. Le nkqubo yenzelwe ukukhuthaza umlinganiselo, njengoko abaza kubhenela ekubheneleni kwicandelo elibanzi loluhlu lonyulo ukusuka ekuqaleni. Inconywa ngokunika amandla amaninzi ama-Cervertries kunye nee-zizimeleyo kodwa igxekwe ngokunjalo ngenxa yokucima amaqela amancinane kunye nabathathu abathathi-o abathathi-omati be-ontadawo. [FLD]

Iidrafti zokukhupha

Kwezinye iindawo, ingakumbi eMzantsi, ukuba akukho mvotelwa ufikelela kumda othile (idla ngokuba ngu 50% + 1 wovota) kweyona iphambili, ukuphuma kwenqanawa kubambeka phakathi kwemivoti emibini ephezulu. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ekugqibeleni i-unminee inenkxaso enkulu phakathi kweqela. I-Runoffs iqhelekile kwilizwe elinembali enye yolawulo, apho ephambili idla ngokuba ngukhuphiswano lokwenyaniso. IGeorgia neLouisiana iyimizekelo eyaziwayo yamazwe asebenza ngaphandle kwe-Priganpoiter. Ngelixa ubaleka u-offineaice iqinisekisa inkxaso enkulu, zifuna oovimba abangakumbi kwaye zisoloko zifumana iziphumo ezisezantsi zovoti ezijikayo kuneyokuqala.

Isizathu Sokuba Unyulo Lubaluleke Ngokuyintloko

Ukutshintsha Izixhobo Neengcamango Zezobupolitika

I-Primeage igqiba ukuba ngubani ofumana i-odoli yeqela. Kwizithili ezikhulu apho iqela elinye lineqela eliqinileyo, olungundoqo lusoloko lulukhetho olungundoqo olubalulekileyo. Le nkqubo ingenza abatshayeli babhenele kwiqela elisebenzayo, amaphiko eengqondo, okunokwenzeka ukukhupha intetho yezopolitiko yonke ephakathi. [[FLT: 0] umvoti-m [[FLT: 1] ucebise abathathi-nxaxheba ukuya kumbindi wonyulo jikelele, kodwa abaxhasi be-agconass bractives bakhuthaza ukuba bahambe baye kwi-atle kwi-algsssss ze-pript. Ukuqonda okunamandla kubaluleke ekuchazeni kwendlela yangoku. Iqela le-Prignt eliqhelekileyo licentineat.

Ingxaki Ephantsi

Unyulo lokuqala lubona ngokubalulekileyo unyulo olusezantsi kukhetho jikelele. Olu "luvotelwa-ziintloko" lubonakala luba lukhulu, luzizityebi, lufundile, lugqithisile kakhulu kunevoti jikelele. Olu khetho luthetha ukuba iqela elincinane, elingaveliyo linamandla angenakulinganiswa ekukhetheni abavoti. Ukwazi oku, amaphulo athe athelekelele kakhulu ukuchonga abaxhasi babo abasemgangathweni, ngokufuthi abatyeshela ukuphuma kakhulu. Utshintsho olujoliswe ekunyuseni kwendlela ephambili, njengokusenza iholide e-Ecroocration okanye ukuzalisekisa ubhaliso oluzenzekelayo, kudla ngokuphikiswana. Ngokweengxelwa kolu lwabiwo lophando [[FLT:], inani elikhulayo lokuzimela okuqhubekayo, njengoko izigidi ze-Melikan, ezitshixwayo, njengoko zitshixwe ngokuvala i-e, njengoko kusebenza ngendlela e-equququququzelelweyo.

Indima yee-endential kunye nee Voters zokutsala

Indima yabavoti abazimeleyo kwiprimrives yindawo enkulu yongquzulwano. Kumaphondo azivalekileyo, izikhundla ezizimeleyo zivalwe ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kwinkqubo yokukhupha izithuba, nangona ngokufuthi zisenza iqela elikhulu nelandayo lonyulo. Kwimimandla evulekileyo nengavalekanga, bangenza indima egqibekileyo, maxa wambi bajikije iziphumo zokhuphiswano lobufazi. Ingxoxo ngokuthabatha inxaxheba ngokuzimeleyo kwintliziyo yoko kuthethwa ukuba: icandelo langaphakathi okanye isixhobo sikawonke-wonke ukwenzela ukuthatha inxaxheba kwedemokhrasi. Amazwe amakhulu azimeleyo asoloko ebona iimfazwe zezobupolitika kumgangatho wawo ophambili.

Iintlawulo zoomongameli kunye nokuthuma abantu abaza kufuduka

Iinguqu zoomongameli kunye noRhulumente zidibanisa olunye ulwandlalo lwezintsonkothileyo. Ngokungafaniyo nolawulo lwasekuhlaleni, olulawulwa ngqo ngoorhulumente borhulumente, amagumbi aphambili alawulwa kakhulu yimithetho yeqela, nangona imithetho karhulumente ilawula iinkqubo zolawulo lwedemokhrasi neRiphabliki inemithetho eyahlukeneyo yokuphathisa, kunye neGOP esoloko isebenzisa ukuphumelela kuzo zonke iinkqubo kunye nee-Democrates ezifuna ulwahlulo lolwahlulo lolwahlulo. Oku kunokukhokelela ekukhetheni ngokucwangciiiiiiii kwimiba yephondo, ingakumbi kwimilo yesibini ephambili apho uninzi lwamazwe apho ulawulo kunye nemithetho yeqela yesizwe yenza khona umongameli kunye nemithetho yeqela yesizwe ebangela umdla nedla ngokuthanda ukulwa kwe-politiko yezobupolitika yaseMelika.

Indlela Yokuba Nenxaxheba Kukhetho Oluphambili

Yazi Imithetho Karhulumente Wakho

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi: (1) Ingaba imeko yam ivuliwe, ivaliwe, okanye ivaliwe kancinane? (2) Yintoni isiphelo sobhaliso? (3) Ingaba kukho udibaniso lommiselo wexesha? Ukunganikwa ixesha elinye lokubhalisa kungayiphelisa wena. Ngamaxesha onke uqinisekisa ukubhalisa kwakho phambi komhla wonyulo, njengoko imithetho izakutshintsha phakathi konyulo olukhoyo kwimijikelo yomthetho omtsha okanye kwinkundla elawulayo.

Uphando Ngezi Ngxaki

Amaphulo aphambili asebenza phantsi kwerada, okwenza kube nzima ukufumana ulwazi olusemgangathweni. Musa ukuthembela kuphela kwizibhengezo zohlaselo okanye kwizikhuseli ezinconyelwayo zeqela. Yiya kwi-fomms yasekuhlaleni, funda amaphepha ayo esikhundla kwii-website zabo, kwaye jonga kwiirekhodi zabo zokuvota ukuba baye baba neofisi ngaphambili. Iibhodi zomhleli wephephandaba lasekuhlaleni zidla ngokuqhuba udliwano-ndlebe olunzulu nabathathi-nxaxheba, okunokuba ngumthombo obalaseleyo wolwazi. Khangela izinto zazo ezichazwe kuqala uze uzithelekise nawe. Ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokhetho kwangentlalo kusemgxawumbini zinokukunceda wenze ukhetho olulungelelene nemilinganiselo yakho.

Ukwenza Ilizwi Lakho Live

Ukwazi imithetho kunye nabavoti kusisiqingatha sedabi. Inyathelo lokugqibela kukuvota. Ukucela ukungabikho kweposi okanye ibhola engaphakathi ukuba awukwazi ukuvota ngomhla wonyulo. Fumana indawo yakho yokuvota kwangoko. Phawula ikhalenda yakho kunye nomhla wokuqala nawaphi na amaxesha afanelekileyo okuvota. I-Prista isoloko igqityelwe yimida ye-othermon. Ukuvota enye kwindawo engundoqo ingaba nempembelelo enkulu kunevoti enye kunyulo oluqhelekileyo. Kwimimandla emininzi, iklasi yengingi yengingi yesixeko, ibhodi yesikolo, okanye ikhomishini yengiswa yengingqi ibone umva osezantsi, ithetha ukuba nenxaxheba yakho ithwala nobunzima obungaphezulu.

Ukugxekwa Nokucetyiswa Okuqhelekileyo

Unxulumano Olumanyeneyo

Impembelelo yeprimilies inyuswa kuphela efuna ukuxhalabela ucelomngeni oluphambili kwiqela labo eligqithisileyo. Amaqela amaninzi akhuthaza ukutshintsha iinkonzo ze-redices ukusungula imimandla ekhuphisanayo, nto leyo enokuthi ibangele ukuba izenze zikhetheke ngokunempumelelo. Oku kungakhokelela ekungabini naziphendu kuvavanyo lokukhuthuza, afune ukuxhalaba kuphela ngocelomngeni lokuqala kwiqela lawo eligqithisileyo.

I-Rank-Choice Voing (RCV) kunye ne-Primers

Ukuvota okukhutshiweyo kufumana intlawulo yolungiso lolungiso lokuphucula. Kwinkqubo ezifana neMaine's, unyulo jikelele lusebenzisa i-RCV. Abanye bacebisa ukusebenzisa i-RCV kwiprimes ukuqinisekisa ukuba umvuzi uninzi lunenkxaso, ukususa imfuneko yokwahlulwa, ukurhoxa okusezantsi komjelo. Abanye bacebisa ukuba kuvezwe "Ophezulu-Four" edityaniswe kakhulu ne-RC kunyulo jikelele, njengoko kusandul'ukwa e-Alaska. Kulemodeli, abagqibeli abane abaphezulu kwinkqubela phambili evulekileyo, ngoko ke kugqitywe ngokuvotelwa kwe-kuvola i-lo-lovola. Le nkqubo ifuna ukuvelisa ngokulinganayo, abafuniweyo. [FLD:][FPT][FPLD][1]

Inqaba ekhethekileyo yase Louisiana

Lo Louisiana usebenzisa inkqubo eyodwa "yokuqala" yee-ofisi zorhulumente ne-ovential. Ngokungafaniyo nenkqubo ephezulu- 2 eKhalifoniya, iLouisiana ibamba isiseko sayo ngoSuku lokhetho ngoNovemba. Ukuba akukho mvo ufumana uninzi, umqhubi ubanjwa ngoDisemba. Esi sakhiwo sixineneyo sibamba ixesha kunye nesakhiwo esingaqhelekanga sidala impempempe ezahlukileyo kwaye sidla ngokucatshulwa kwiingxoxo malunga notshintsho oluphambili. Inkqubo yeLouisiana luhlolisiso olubalulekileyo lokuqonda indlela izakhiwo ezahlukileyo ezinokuchaphazela ngayo ukuziphatha komvoti kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba.

Impembelelo Yemali

Imali yenkampane idlala indima engaphezulu kwimibutho yabaphathi. Ngenxa yokuba ii-voloties eziphambili zincinci kwaye zibaluleke kakhulu, isixa esincinane semali singaba nempembelelo enkulu. Imali ephandle esoloko ijoliswe kakhulu kumaqela akwizingeni eliphezulu, inyanzelela ukunyuswa kwemiqathango engakumbi. Ukuqonda ukurhoxa kwemali kumaphuphelo aphambili kungatyhila ukuninzi malunga nozinikelo lokwenene kunye nezinto eziphambili. Iindawo zokulwa ukuhlaziywa kwemali, kuquka iinkqubo ezincinane ezinxulumeneyo, ngenjongo yokunciphisa impembelelo yemali kwimiqhubiso emikhulu nakwiingcambano ezinika amandla.

Unyulo lokuqala lusenokubonakala lufana nophawu olubanzi lwe-akneprocedical yezobupolitika zaseMelika, kodwa, eneneni, banye yezona zixhaphakileyo zinamandla ummi ngamnye angatsala. Yibala apho izinto zedemokhrasi yethu, "abavoteji-"isystein" abathatyathelw'i. Ukwahlukahlukana kweenkqubo eziphambili kwiimeko ezingaphaya kwama-50 kumaphondo kubonisa ukuma, amandla eqela, kunye nokuvota. Ngokuqonda imithetho eyahlukeneyo elawula olu khuphiko, uqaphele ukubaluleka kwazo okusebenzayo, kwaye uthathe inxaxheba ngenkuthalo, usuka ekubeni ngumqwalaseli othelekayo kurhulumente wakho. Ukuba imeko yakho isebenzisa ukwakhiwa, ivaliwe, okanye phezulu, inyaniso engundoqo, ihlala inye: ukuva kwakho ngelizwi lakho kuboniswa kwintshulu. I-demokhrasi engo yempilo akuxhomekenga nje kwinani labantu abathelekele urhulumente kumthetho kumthetho kurhulumente wakho, kodwa uqala ukuthatha inyathelo lokusebenza kwinyathelo lokuphatha iprojek.