Table of Contents
Ukuqonda Unyulo Olusisiseko Nendima Yalo Ebalulekileyo Kulawulo - melo
Unyulo lokuqala lusebenza njengesiseko sedemokhrasi yabameli eUnited States, lunika abavoti amandla okugqiba ukuba ngoobaphi abaza kumela amaqela abo ezobupolitika kunyulo jikelele. Olu khuphiswano lulula kakhulu kumanyathelo okulawula . Lumathuba okuba abemi babumbe ulwalathiso lweqela labo, imigangatho yempembelelo, kwaye luqinisekisa ukuba abaza kuthabatha inxaxheba kunyulo ngokubanzi babonakalisa ngokwenene amaxabiso nezinto eziphambili zamalungu eqela kunye nee-acquateurs.
Abavoti abaninzi, unyulo oluphambili lungabonakala ludida okanye lungabalulekile kakhulu kunokhetho jikelele. Noko ke, ukuqonda indlela yokuqhuba inkqubo yokuqala iyimfuneko nabani na ofuna ukuba nenxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi. Ngomvoti omncinci ojikayo kuneenkomfa jikelele, amagumbi adla ngokunika abemi ababotshelelweyo impembelelo engalinganiyo kukhetho lomvoti, ukwenza ivoti nganye ibe nentsingiselo. Olu khokelo lubanzi luza kukuhamba kuwe kuyo yonke into ofuna ukuyazi ngonyulo lokuqala, ukusukela ekuqondeni iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokufaka ibhola yakho ngentembelo.
Luyintoni Unyulo Oluphambili Yaye Lusebenza Njani?
Unyulo lokuqala lukhuphiswano lokuqala oluqhutywa ngamaqela ezobupolitika ukukhetha abalawuli babo abasemthethweni beeofisi ezahlukeneyo, kuquka abathathi-nxaxheba, abameli bombutho, abameli besizwe, abalawuli, namagosa asekuhlaleni. Ngokungafaniyo nonyulo ngokubanzi apho abathathi-nxaxheba abasuka kumaqela ahlukeneyo bakhuphisana, amaqela akwizikhuphiswano apho amalungu eqela elinye lezobupolitika alwela ubufazi beqela labo.
Inkqubo yonyulo ephambili yavela ukutyhubela inkulungwane yama-20 njengomlinganiselo wotshintsho owenzelwe ukunika amalungu aqhelekileyo eqela ukuba akhethe ngokutsha. Ngaphambi kokuba amaqela athathe inxaxheba asasazeke, iinkokeli zeqela kunye neentloko zezobupolitika zikhethe ii-minene kwiindibano kunye neengxoxo zegumbi langasemva. Inkqubela-phambili yembutho yaxhasa amaprims njengendlela yokuthoba inkqubela-phambili kwaye inciphise amandla oomatshini beqela. Namhlanje, amagumbi ayintloko yindlela ephambili yokukhetha umtshatoliki wezopolitiko kwizobupolitika zaseMelika, nangona imithetho neenkqubo zawo ezithile ezikhethekileyo zibalasele injalo ngokwendlela yokwahluka kakhulu ukusuka kurhulumente ukuya kurhulumente.
Ixesha lonyulo oluphambili liyahluka kulo lonke ilizwe, namanye amazwe abamba izihlalo zawo kwangoko ngoFebruwari okanye ngoMatshi kwiminyaka yonyulo lomongameli, ngeli lixa abanye belinda de kube ngoJuni, Agasti, okanye kwangoSeptemba. Olu cwangciso lungaqondakaliyo ludala oko abahlalutyi bezobupolitika bakubiza ngokuba yikhalenda esisiseko," enokuthi iphembelele ngokuphawulekayo iphulo elinamandla, ukupapasha kwamajelo eendaba, kwaye ekugqibeleni abathathi baphumelele ekukhuseleni ubufazi beqela labo.
Iindidi Zokhetho Oluphambili: Vula, Uvale, Nento Yonke Ephakathi
Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kunyulo lokuqala abavoti abafuna ukuluqonda kukuba asizizo zonke izilawuli ezisebenza phantsi kwemithetho efanayo. Amazwe amkele iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezingundoqo ezigqiba ukuba ngubani onokuba nenxaxheba nendlela amavoti ajulwa ngayo. Ukwazi ukuba luluphi uhlobo olusetyenziswa ngurhulumente wakho olubalulekileyo olubalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ungavota kwaye amanani akho.
Ii-Primetric eziValiweyo
Kumaphondo aphezulu abhalisweyo, kuphela amalungu abhalisiweyo eqela lezobupolitika angavota kunyulo oluphambili lwalo mbutho. Ukuba ubhalise njengoDemocrate, ungavota kuphela kwiDemocratic; ukuba ubhalise njengoRiphabliki, ungavota kuphela kwisiseko seRiphabliki. I-ependent okanye abavoti abangabhaliswanga abanakuthatha inxaxheba kulungu eliphambili lalo ngalinye ngaphandle kokuba babhalisa ngeqela phambi kommiselo wokubhalisa.
Amagumbi okuvota avaliweyo enzelwe ukuthintela "uvotelo," apho amalungu elinye iqela akwindawo yokuqala yeqela ukuphembelela iziphumo, enokuthi akhethe utshaba olubuthathaka ngakumbi kulowo akhethayo kunyulo jikelele. Amazwe aneeprimishini ezivaliweyo aquka iNew York, iPennsylvania, iFlorida, iKentucky, kunye neNevada, phakathi kwezinye. Ixesha lokubhalisa lokutshintsha unxulumano lweqela lahlukile ngokokwahluka ngokwemeko, kunye nezinye ezifuna utshintsho kwiinyanga phambi konyulo lokuqala.
Vula Iindawo
Ulawulo oluphambili luvumela abavoti ukuba babe nenxaxheba nakweliphi na iqela eliphambili kungakhathaliseki ukuba lilungu elibhalisiweyo. Ngosuku lonyulo, abavoti bangakhetha ukuba yeyiphi ibhola yokuqala yeqela abafuna ukuyifumana, nangona benokuvota kwiqonga eliphambili elinye. Le nkqubo inika abavoti abazimeleyo amandla okuthatha inxaxheba kunyulo oluphambili kwaye ivumela abavoti ukuba banqamleze imigca yeqela ukuba banqwenela.
Amazwe anamagumbi avulekileyo aquka i-Alabama, i-Arkansas, iGeorgia, iMichigan, iMissopa, iMissouri, iMontana, umNtla Dakota, iTennessee, iTexas, iVermont, iVirginia, kunye neWisconsin. Iinkqubo ezithile ziyahluka-hluka-hluka-tshintsha . Amazwe athile afuna ukuba abavoti bavakalise ekuhleni ukuba yeyiphi ipeyinti yeqela abayifunayo, ngoxa abanye bevumela abavoti ukuba bakhethe ngasese kwigumbi lokuvota.
Isalathisi esitsha
Uninzi lwamazwe luye lwamkela iinkqubo ezixubileyo eziwela phakathi kwemijuxuzo evulekileyo nevaliweyo ngokupheleleyo. Kwizindlu ezivaliweyo ezincinane, amalungu eqela abhalisiweyo angavota kuphela kwisiseko seqela lawo, kodwa abazimeleyo okanye abangenazo iimflifiki bangakhetha ukuba nenxaxheba kwilungu eliphambili. Le nkqubo igcina iqela lilawula izithuba ngeli lisavumela abavoti abazimeleyo ukuba babe nelizwi.
I-Semi-open primies isebenza ngokufanayo kodwa ineenguqu ezincinci kwindlela unxulumano lweqela eliphethwe ngayo. Olu mahluko udityanisiweyo ungadida abavoti, kungoko kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphanda imithetho yelizwe lakho elikhethekileyo phambi kosuku lonyulo.
Ii-Printarian ezikwiNqanawa ePhezulu- 2
Amanye amaphondo aye amkela ezinye iinkqubo eziphambili ezahluke kakhulu kwizithethe zeqela. IKhalifoniya, iWashington, kunye neAlaska zisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo "ephezulu-2" okanye "yokuqala" apho bonke abatshayeli bavela kwiqela eliphambili elinye kungakhathaliseki ukuba banxulumene namaqela, kwaye bonke abavoti bangathatha inxaxheba. Abathathi-nxaxheba bafumana olona voti luphambili kunyulo jikelele, nokuba basuka kwiqela elinye.
Louisiana usebenzisa inkqubo efanayo kodwa ngokujijwa okungaqhelekanga: ukuba umvoti ufumana ngaphezu kwama-50% evoti kweyona iphambili, baphumelele kunyulo ngokuphandle ngaphandle kokuqhubeka kunyulo jikelele. Nebraska usebenzisa inkqubo engundoqo engeyopartisan kwindlu yowiso-mthetho yeqela apho amaqela angadweliswanga kwibhola.
Imicimbi yemali neMidlalo ePhakamileyo
Unyulo oluphambili olusebenzayo phantsi kolwaleko olongezelelweyo lwentsonkothileyo ngaphaya kwemiqathango yorhulumente kunye nezakhiwo zasekuhlaleni. Ngelixesha uninzi lwamazwe lusebenzisa unyulo oluphambili ukunikezela abathunywa kwiindibano zeqela lesizwe, amanye amazwe asasebenzisa iintlanganiso ze-caucuses(community apho amalungu eqela ahlanganisana khona ukuxubusha ngabathathi-nxaxheba kunye nokuvota, ngokufuthi ngothotho lweengquthela kunye nolungelelwaniso.
I-Iowa kaucuuses neNew Hampshire ziqale zafumana impembelelo ephambili kwimijaho yomongameli ngokwendlela yokuba yeyokuqala kwikhalenda, nangona utshintsho lwakutshanje luye lwacel ’ umngeni olu cwangciso. Amaqela eDemocratic kunye neRiphabliki ngalinye linemithetho yalo yendlela abathumeli ababelwa ngayo ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo ezingundoqo necaucus, kunye namaDemocrates jikelele esebenzisa ulwahlulo lomlinganiselo kunye namaRiphabliki ahluka-mthetho phakathi kwemixokelelwano elungeleleneyo kunye neyo yokufumana yonke imimiselo.
Ukuqonda ukwabiwa kothumelo kubaluleke kakhulu kubavoti abaphambili kuba umvuseli odumileyo wevoti kwilizwe akasoloko efumana bonke abathunywa belo lizwe. Abathathi-nxaxheba kufuneka bafikelele imiqobo ethile ukuze bafumane nabani na othunywa, kwaye izibalo ezintsonkothileyo zokwabiwa kothunywa ngamanye amaxesha zingavelisa iziphumo ezibonakala ziphikisana nevoti kuphela.
Ukukhangela ubume bobhaliso lolwimi lwakho kunye nokhuphiswano lweQela
Phambi kokuba uvote kunyulo oluphambili, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba ubhaliswe kakuhle kwivoti kwaye, uvalelwe okanye uvalelwe kancinane kumazwe aphambili, ubhaliselwe kwiqela elifanelekileyo lezobupolitika. Iimfuno zobhaliso lwezivota ziyahluka ngokwemeko, kodwa uninzi lwamazwe ngoku lunika izixhobo eziluncedo kwi-intanethi ukuvavanya ubhaliso lwakho kwaye wenze uhlaziyo ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Ukuba ufuna ukubhalisa ukuvota okanye ukuhlaziya ubhaliso lwakho, nikela ingqalelo esondeleyo kwixesha elimisiweyo lelizwe lakho. Uninzi lwamazwe lufuna ubhaliso iiveki eziliqela phambi konyulo, kwaye amaphondo angavalwayo asoloko enexesha langaphambili lokutshintsha iqela. Amanye amazwe anikela ubhaliso olufanayo lwemini enye kwindawo zokuvota, kodwa kusoloko kukhuselekile ukubhalisa kakuhle kwangaphambili ukunqanda naziphi iingxaki ngomhla wonyulo.
Xa uhlola ubhaliso lwakho, qinisekisa ukuba lonke ulwazi lwakho luchanekile kwaye lusangoku, kuquka igama lakho, idilesi, kunye neqela lakho. Ukuba ufudukile ukususela oko ugqibele ukuvota, kuza kufuneka uhlaziye ubhaliso lwakho ngedilesi yakho entsha. Ukuba igama lakho litshintshile ngenxa yomtshato, uqhawulo-mtshato, okanye ezinye izizathu, kuza kufuneka uhlaziye ulwazi lwakho ngokunjalo. Iinkcazelo eziphakathi kolwazi lwakho lokubhalisa kunye nokwazi kwakho ukuveza zingabangela iingxaki kwindawo yokuvota, ngoko ke kufanelekile ukuthatha imizuzu embalwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into ichanile.
Ukufumana Indawo Oyisebenzisayo Nokuqonda Izinto Onokuzenza
Xa uqinisekise ukuba ubhalisile, inyathelo elilandelayo kukufumanisa ukuba uza kuphosa phi kwaye njani na ivoti yakho. Abavoti abaninzi baza kuvota kwindawo yonyulo eyabelweyo ngomhla wonyulo oluphambili, kodwa ngoku amazwe amaninzi anika ukhetho olongezelelekileyo kuquka ukuvota kwangethuba, ukuvota ngeposi, kunye nokuvota okungekhoyo okunokwenza inkqubo ibe luncedo ngakumbi.
Ukufumana Indawo Ongcolise Kuyo
Indawo yakho yovolo eyabelweyo isekelwe ngokuqhelekileyo kwidilesi yakho yokuhlala kwaye isenokuba yahlukile kwindawo ovota kuyo kunyulo jikelele, ingakumbi ukuba urhulumente wakho ubamba i-primrive ngamaxesha awahlukeneyo ee-ofisi ezahlukeneyo. Iiwebhsayithi ezininzi zonyulo lwelizwe zinendawo yokuvota apho ungangena khona kwidilesi yakho uze ufumane indawo yokuvota yakho ekhethekileyo, kunye neeyure zokusebenza nemiyalelo.
Iindawo zokugrogrisa zisoloko zibekwe kwizikolo, amaziko oluntu, amathala eencwadi, izitishi zomlilo, nezinye izakhiwo zikawonke-wonke. Ukuba unenkxalabo yokuhamba okanye iimfuno zokufikelela, khangela ukuba indawo yakho yokuvota yi-ADA-compliant kwaye unika indawo yokuhlala oyifunayo. Umthetho womanyano ufuna iindawo zokucoca ukuze ufikeleleke ngokukhubazeka, kodwa ukuba uneengxaki, qhagamshelana neofisi yakho yonyulo yasekuhlaleni ulungiselela ukuxubusha ngeemfuno zakho.
Amathuba Angaphambili Okuthungatha
Ngoku amaphondo amaninzi anika amaxesha okuvota angaphambili akuvumela ukuba ukhuphe ivoti yakho phambi kosuku lonyulo. Ukuvota kwangethuba kungakunceda ukuba uphephe imida emide, ulungele ucwangciso lomsebenzi, kwaye akunike ulungelelwaniso olungakumbi xa uvota. Amaxesha okuvota kwasekuqaleni ayahluka kakhulu ngokohlobo lwelizwe, ukususela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiveki eziliqela ngaphambi konyulo.
Indawo ovota kuyo kuqala isenokuba yahlukile kwindawo onyulwa kuyo ngomhla wonyulo oyabelweyo yaye idla ngokubekwa kumaziko onyulo kwiphondo okanye kumaziko okuvota asungulwayo. Khangela i-webhsayithi yonyulo kumazwe akho okanye kwingingqi yakho ukwenzela iindawo zokuvota zangaphambili, imihla neeyure. Amanye amagunya anika iiyure ezinyuswayo ngexesha lovotelo, kuquka iingokuhlwa neempelaveki ezinokuba luncedo ngakumbi kunokhetho lomhla wonyulo.
Ukuvote- nge-Mail kunye nokuBonga
Uvota olugunyazisiweyo lukuvumela ukuba ufumane kwaye ubuyisele ivoti yakho ngeposi kunokuba uvote umntu. Amanye amaphondo athumela ngokuzenzekelayo amavoti kubo bonke abavoti ababhalisiweyo (ngeposi- yomhlaba wonke), ngelixa abanye befuna abavoti ukuba bacele ivoti ukuba ikhutshelwe ivoti engekhoyo kwaye isenokufuna isizathu okanye isingxengxezo esithile sokurhoxa kovoti.
Ukuba uceba ukuvota ngeposi, cela ivoti yakho ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambi kokuba unyulwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyifumene ngexesha elaneleyo lokuyigqiba nokuyibuyisela. Nika ingqalelo kumhla wokubuyisela ibhola yakho ngokuvala/amazwe athile afuna iibhola zonyulo ukuba zifumaneke ngomhla wonyulo, ngoxa abanye bemkela iiposi eziphawulwe ngomhla wonyulo ezifikayo kwifestile ethile emva koko. Ukuphepha nawaphi na amathandabuzo malunga nokunikezelwa kweposi ngamaxesha, cinga ngokubuyisela ibhola yakho kumntu kwibhokisi yelophu okanye kwiofisi yonyulo ukuba urhulumente wakho unika olu khetho.
Xa ugqiba ivoti yeposi, landela yonke imiyalelo ngononophelo, kuquka ukutyikitya imvulophu apho kufuneka khona nokutyikitya kwakho kungqinwa okanye kuqwalaselwe ukuba imeko yakho ifuna ukuba injalo. Ukungaphumeleli ukulandela ezi nkqubo kungaphumela ekulahlweni kwendlela yakho yokuvota. Ngoku amazwe amaninzi anika iinkqubo zokukhangela iibhanki ezikuvumela ukuba uqinisekise xa ivoti yakho yafunyanwa kwaye yamkeleka, ukunika uxolo lwengqondo ukuba ivoti yakho ibaliwe.
Iingcebiso nophando kwibhola Yakho
Elinye lawona manyathelo abalulekileyo ekulungiseleleni ukuvota kunyulo oluphambili kukuphanda abathathi-nxaxheba kunye nawaphi na amanyathelo okukhetha okanye ukucetyiswa ukuba ugqibe. Iibhola eziphambili zingabande kwaye ziquke amaqela ee-ofisi ezininzi, ukusuka kumatshanki akwizikhundla zasekuhlaleni njengamalungu ebhodi yesikolo, abagwebi, nabameli beekomiti zeqela.
Ukufumana Iibhola Eziyisampuli
Iiofisi ezininzi zonyulo zinikezela ngomzekelo weevoti ze-intanethi ezibonisa kanye oko kuza kuvela kwikhasi yakho esekelwe kwidilesi yakho. Ukuhlola isicatshulwa sokhetho ngaphambi kosuku lonyulo kukuvumela ukuba uqhelane nemijaho kunye nabachongi, uphande abo ungabaziyo, kwaye wenze izigqibo ongaziqondiyo ngaphandle kokuziva uphuthumekile kwindawo yokuvota okanye ngoxa ugqiba iposi yakho.
Isampuli yamavoloti ifumaneka kwiiveki eziliqela phambi konyulo. Ungafumana ngokuqhelekileyo kwi webhsayithi yeofisi yonyulo yengingqi yakho okanye kwizibuko lonyulo lwelizwe lakho. Amanye amaziko azakuthumela iibhola ezimsampuli kubo bonke abavoti ababhalisiweyo, ngoxa amanye ezinika kuphela i-intanethi.
Iintlawulo ezizizo
Xa uphanda abathathi-nxaxheba abaphambili, jonga ngaphaya kweqela ukuze uqonde iindawo ezithile zenkqubo, amava, kunye neemfaneleko zomntu ngamnye. Njengoko bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kwiqela eliphambili benophawu olunye, kuza kufuneka umbe nzulu ukuze uqonde umahluko phakathi kwabo.
Qalisa ngee-website ezityelele abaza kutyelela, ezidla ngokuchaza izikhundla zazo zenkqubo, ubomi, kunye nokuncomela. Funda iingxelo ezikwizikhokelo ezipapashwa zii-ofisi zonyulo okanye imibutho engaphangalelenga. Linda okanye jonga amaqumrhu kunye neengxoxo ukuze ubone indlela abaza kungena ngayo abantu kwaye baphendule imibuzo. Jonga uthelekelelo lweendaba lwemibango ukuze uqonde oko kukuthi kusemngciphekweni nokuba abazabani bahluke njani kwiindlela zabo.
Qwalasela imvelaphi yezemfundo, amava angaphambili okunyulwa, ukubandakanywa kwebutho labantu, kunye nokuncomela kweentlangano nabantu obasekweyo. Khangela inkcazelo ngeengxelo zabo zokuvota ukuba bathe baba nesikhundla ngaphambili, kwaye hlolisisa iingxelo zabo zemali zezemali ukuze baqonde ukuba ngubani oxhasa amaphulo abo. Ngelixesha kungekho sizathu sinye esimele simisele ukhetho lwakho, ukuqokelela inkcazelo kwimithombo emininzi kuya kukunceda wenze isigqibo esisekelwe kwinkqubela phambili.
Ukuqonda Iindlela Zokulwa Neenkqubo
Ukongeza kwimijaho yabavoteli, imidlalo ephambili maxa wambi iquka imilinganiso yokukhetha, iziphakamiso, ii-asendisum, okanye izindululo zomGaqo-siseko abavoti abacelwa ukuba bavume okanye balulahle. La manyathelo angathetha ngemiba emininzi, ukusuka kwimigaqo-siseko yerhafu kunye namaqhina ukuya kutshintsho kwiinkqubo zonyulo okanye kumalungiselelo omgaqo-siseko.
Umlinganiselo wolwimi lwebhola ungadida, kwaye amagama ngamanye amaxesha anzima okanye alahlekise. Funda umbhalo opheleleyo walo naluphi na umlinganiselo ukuba kunokwenzeka, hayi nje isishwankathelo selothi. Jonga uhlolo olungenziwa yingcaciso yemithetho ecwangcisiweyo okanye imibutho karhulumente elungileyo echaza oko umlinganiselo unokwenziwa, iziphumo ezincinci, kunye neempikiswano zokulwa nayo.
Lumka ukuba u-"ewe" no-"no" lungathetha oko ukulindeleyo ngokuthuku----aamanye amanyathelo abekwe kweyahlukileyo, ngoko ke ukuvota "no" kuxhasa inkqubo oyithandayo. Zinike ixesha lokuqonda ukuba uvotelwa ntoni okanye uchasene nako phambi kokuphawula ibhola yakho.
Oko Kuza Kuziswa Kuko: Iimfuno Zokubonakalisa
Iimfuno zokwalatha zokwahlula ziyahluka ngokuphawulekayo ukusuka kwimeko ukuya kwenye, ukusuka kwiimfuno ezingqongqo ze-ID yefoto ukuya kutsho ekungabinikho mfuneko ye-ID konke konke. Ukuqonda into oyifunayo ukuyizisa kwimo yakho kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa amava okuvota agudileyo.
I-Administa inemithetho ye-ID yemifanekiso engqongqo ifuna abavoti ukuba banike uphawu lwefoto olunorhulumente olufana nelayisensi yomqhubi, ikhadi le-ID karhulumente, isindwendwe sokundwendwela, okanye i-ID yomkhosi. Ukuba awunayo i-ID eyamkelekileyo, la mazwana anikela iibhola ezilungiselelwe ilungiselelo eziya kubalwa kuphela ukuba ubuya nophawu olufanelekileyo kwi-frame yexesha elichaziweyo, okanye anganika amakhadi e-ID karhulumente akhululekileyo ngokukhethekileyo ukwenzela iinjongo zokuvota.
Amanye amazwe aneemfuno ze-ID ezingezocandelo, apho ucelwa ukubonisa uchazo kodwa ungavota ngaphandle kwalo ngokusayina i-affidavit okanye ngokunika ezinye iinkcukacha ukuqinisekisa ukuba ungubani. Amanye amazwe amkela ukungachazi okufana nemali yezekhomputha, iingxelo zebhanki, okanye amanye amaxwebhu abonisa igama lakho nedilesi.
Uninzi lwamazwe alunayo imfuneko ye-ID konke konke, kuxhomekeke kutyikityo okanye kwezinye iindlela zokuthintela ukuqhatha. Kula maphondo, unika igama lakho nedilesi kubasebenzi abavotayo abaqinisekisa ukuba ukwimiba yokubhalisa.
Khangela iimfuno ezithile zelizwe lakho kakuhle phambi kosuku lonyulo, kwaye ukuba ufuna ukufumana uchazo, qala inkqubo kwangoko. Ukufumana ilayisense yomqhubi okanye i-ID karhulumente kungathatha iiveki eziliqela, kwaye awufuni ukuchwetheza ngomzuzu wokugqibela. INgqungquthela yesizwe ye-Rodegislatures yesizwe igcina ulwazi oluhlaziyiweyo kwimfuno ze-ID yevoti kumazwe angama-50 onke.
Umhla Wokhetho: Oko Ukulindelayo Kwindawo Engcolisekileyo
Ukuba uvota umntu ngosuku lonyulo, ukwazi oko umele ukukulindela kunganceda ekunciphiseni ixhala kwaye kuqinisekise ukuba inkqubo ihamba kakuhle. Ukufika kwindawo yakho yokuvota ilungiselelwe, kwaye uvumele ixesha elongeziweyo xa kukho imigca okanye ukulibazisa okungalindelekanga.
Ukhangelo- Olukwinkqubela
Xa ufika kwindawo yakho yokuvota, uza kukhangela abasebenzi bovolo abaza kuqinisekisa ukubhalisa kwakho baze bakunike ivoti. Zisa naluphi na ulwakho olufunekayo kwaye ukulungele ukunika igama lakho nedilesi. Abasebenzi abarhwebi baza kukukhangela ukuba uluyeke uluhlu lokubhalisa kwaye bangacela ukuba utyikitye incwadi yokuvota okanye iplatifomu ye-elektroniki.
Kwimeko ezikwiziprimishini zamatheko, ungafuna ukuchaza ukuba yeyiphi ibhola ekhethwayo yeqela oyifunayo ukuba ukwimeko evulekileyo, okanye abasebenzi bokhetho baza kunikezela ngokuzenzekelayo ivoti yeqela lakho elibhalisiweyo kwimimandla ephambili evaliweyo. Ukuba kukho umbuzo malunga nokungabhaliswa kwakho, unelungelo lokukhupha ibhola yeqela eliza kuphinda ihlolwe kwaye ibalwe ukuba uzimisele ukufaneleka.
Ukuphosa Ibhola Yakho
Iindlela zokuthumela ziyahluka ngokolawulo. Ungasebenzisa ibhola yephepha oyiphawula ngesandla uze uncame kwiskeni, umatshini wokuvota okhuselayo, okanye isixhobo sokushicilela ibhola yokushicilela iphepha ukuze uyihlole kwaye uyiphose. Abasebenzi abachukumiseyo kufuneka banikele imiyalelo ngendlela yokusebenzisa isixhobo sokuvota, kwaye ungacela uncedo ukuba akuqinisekanga ngayiphi na inkalo yenkqubo.
Zinike ixesha xa uphawula ibhola yakho yokuvota. Unelungelo lokuzimela wedwa ngeli lixa uvota, kwaye akukho mntu umele ajonge egxalabeni lakho okanye akucinezele ukuba uvote indlela ethile. Ukuba wenza impazamo kwivoti yephepha, cela ibhola entsha kunokuzama ukulungisa imposiso, njenge impawu ezingacacanga zinokubalwa ngokuchanekileyo ngezixhobo zokukhetha.
Phambi kokungenisa ivoti yakho, qwalasela zonke ukhetho lwakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba uvote kuzo zonke intlanga ozifunayo nokuba iimpawu zakho zicacile kwaye zicacile. Ezinye iinkqubo zokuvota ziyakulumkisa ukuba u "unyukile" (unyule abathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi kugqatso) okanye "Ungajongwanga" (iinntlanga ezisekhohlo zingenanto), ukukunika ithuba lokwenza izilungiso ukuba uyathanda. Noko ke, akufuneki ukuba uvote kulo lonke uhlanga", ungashiya imincinti ingenanto ukuba awunawo ukhetho okanye uziva ungazi nto ifunwayo.
Amalungelo Akho Njengomsitho
Ukuqonda amalungelo akho njengomvoti kungakunceda uqhube naziphina iingxaki eziphakamayo kwindawo yokuvota. Unelungelo lokuvota ukuba unguvoti obhalisiweyo kwigunya, nokuba igama lakho aliveli kuluhlu lomvoti. Ungafaka ibhola ebolisiweyo ezakubalwa kanye ukuba uyakwazi ukubhaqwa. Unelungelo lokwamkela uncedo ukuba unomlwelwe okanye ufuna ukuncedwa ukufunda okanye ukuqonda ibhola. Unelungelo lokuvota ngokukhululekileyo kwisoyikiso okanye ukukhathazwa.
Ukuba usemgceni xa uvalwa, unelungelo lokuhlala emgceni kunye nokuvota. Abasebenzi abasebenza ngemposiso abanakukukujika ukuba ufike phambi kwexesha lokuvala. Ukuba udibana neengxaki kwindawo yakho yokuvota, cela ukuthetha nomphathi okanye uqhagamshelane neofisi yonyulo yengingqi yakho okanye unyulo lwengingqi yelizwe ukuze ufumane uncedo. Amazwe amaninzi nawo anabasebenzi abangavoti-voti abakhuselayo abakhuselwe ngamatsha - ntliziyo anokunceda ekucombululeni imibandela.
Imisebenzi Ebalulekileyo
Ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali ebhola yokufaka, abavoti abaphambili basoloko bezama ukuqwalasela indlela yokusebenzisa ivoti yabo ngokunempumelelo. Ngokungafaniyo nonyulo ngokubanzi apho ukhetho luqhelekile phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba ababini abaphambili, amaprime adla ngokubonisa abathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi abanamanqanaba ahlukeneyo okukwazi ukuvota, ukwenza izigqibo ezintsonkothileyo malunga nokuba ngaba uza kuvota lowo umthandi okanye enye indlela ekhethekayo.
Ukugqibeka
Enye yezona ngxaki ziqhelekileyo abavoti abaphambili abajamelene nazo kukuba bavotele lowo bakhethayo ngokobuqu okanye abakholelwa ukuba umbatiswa unamathuba alungileyo okuphumelela kunyulo jikelele. Olu xinezeleko phakathi kokhetho lwengqiqo nokhetho lujongwa phambili lubumba amaphulo amaninzi aphambili, kunye nabavoti abasoloko bezibeka njenge "ikholwa lenyani" eliza kulwela imigaqo yeqela okanye "ukhetho lwe-pragmatic" onokubhenela kwi-vociov.
Akukho mpendulo ilungileyo kwindalo yonke kule ngxaki .ixhomekeke kuqwalaselo lwakho oluphambili nolujongo lwelizwe lezobupolitika. Abanye abavoti babeka abathathi-nxaxheba abasondeleleneyo namaxabiso abo, bekholelwa ukuba abanyuli abanyanisekileyo, abanemigaqo ekugqibeleni bayanyanzeleka ngakumbi kubavoti ngokubanzi. Abanye bayakwazi ukunyulwa, bakulungele ukulalanisa kwizikhundla ezithile zenkqubo kumntu abakholelwa ukuba angaphumelela.
Lumka ngobulumko obuqhelekileyo obunxulumene nokunyulwa, obusoloko busekelwe kwiintelekelelo ezingangeyonyaniso. Abathathi-nxaxheba abathi maxa wambi banokuphumelela, ngelixesha "ukhuseleko" ukhetho maxa wambi lulahleka. Qwalasela oothunywa abaninzi kuquka ubunjani bomvotelwa, iphulo, intsebenziswano, kunye nentsebenziswano ezikhethekileyo zogqatso kunokuba baxhomekeke kwiingcamango ezingekho ngqiqweni zokunyulwa.
Indima Yokuthoba Nokucwangcisa
Kumongameli ophambili kunye nezinye iinntlalo eziphezulu, amandla adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulungiseni iziphumo. Abasebenzi abaqhuba kakuhle kukhuphiswano lokuqala basoloko befumana ingqalelo engakumbi kumajelo eendaba, ukuqokelela kunye nenkxaso, ngelixa abo bangathathi nxaxheba benokubona amaphulo abo ewile nokuba bahlala kumsebenzi wokubhatala kumazwe alandelayo.
Ukuba uhlala kwimeko ekwindawo esemva kwentloko, ungafumana ukuba ugqatso lugqitywe ngempumelelo ngexesha ovota ngalo, omnye umvoti okhuselwe abathunywa abaneleyo okanye inkxaso ukuqinisekisa unyulo. Oku kungadimaza, kodwa ukhetho lwakho lusebalulekile, kodwa luthumela umqondiso malunga namandla enkxaso kubathathi-nxaxheba nakumanyathelo ahlukeneyo enkqubo, iphembelela iqonga, kwaye ichaphazela indlela abaza kubalwa abasondela kunyulo ngokubanzi.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukuba uhlala kwindawo yokuqala, ukuvota kwakho kuphumeza impembelelo entle ekulungiseni ugqatso. Abavoti bamandulo belizwe banembopheleleko ekhethekileyo kubahloli abapheleleyo, njengoko ukhetho lwabo luza kuba nempembelelo ebalulekileyo abaza kuhlala bephila kubavoti kamva.
Iimpazamo Eziqhelekileyo Ezimele Ziphetshwe Kwizinto Eziphambili
Nabavoti abazimiseleyo maxa wambi benza iimpazamo ezithintela ukuvota kwabo ukuba babale okanye banciphise ukusebenza kwabo kwinkqubo yokuqala. Ukuba nolwazi ngezi zityholo ziqhelekileyo kunokukunceda uziphephe.
Ubhaliso olungekhoyo
Enye yeempazamo eziqhelekileyo kukungafumaneki kwexesha lokubhalisa okanye ukutshintsha ixesha lokubhalisa kweqela. Kumaphondo aphambili, kufuneka ubhaliswe neqela phambi konyulo (maxa wambi kuseneenyanga ezingaphambili. Phawula ezi ziganeko kwikhalenda yakho uze ubhalise okanye uhlaziye ubhaliso lwakho kwangoko kunokwenzeka ukuphepha ukuvalwa ngaphandle kwentloko.
Ukuya Kwindawo Ephosakeleyo Yokungcolisa
Indawo yakho yokuqala yokuvota ingahluka kwindawo ovota kuyo kunyulo jikelele. Ngamaxesha onke uqinisekisa indawo yakho yokuvota phambi kokuba uphume uye kuvota, kwaye ungathathi ukuba yindawo enye obuyivotelayo ngaphambili. Ukuba ubonakalisa kwindawo engalunganga yokuvota, abasebenzi bonyulo basenokungakwazi ukukunika ibhola echanekileyo, kwaye kusenokufuneka uhambe uye kwindawo oya kuyo okanye uphose ibhola yombutho.
Ukunikela Imisebenzi Eninzi
Kwimimandla evulekileyo apho ungakhetha ukuba yeyiphi eyona iphambili yeqela ekuvoteleni, ungavota kuphela kwisiseko somntu omnye. Ukuzama ukuvota kuzo zombini iiprostalm akuvumelekanga kwaye kungaphumela ekubeni abaxhasi bakho baphelelwe lixabiso kwaye basenokuba banokubekwa izityholo zolwaphulo-mthetho. Khetha ityala eliphambili leqela elinye kwaye uvote kulo mncintiswano.
Ukutyeshela Imijaho Ephantsi
Abavoti abaninzi bajolise ingqalelo kuphela kwimijaho ephezulu ye-profile njenge-presidential okanye i-gubernarial primerial ngeli xesha bengaluhoyi ukhuphiswano oluphantsi lwendlu yowiso-mthetho, iiofisi zasekuhlaleni, kunye neendawo zeqela. Ezi ntlanga zisoloko zinempembelelo ecacileyo kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla kunee-ofisi zikarhulumente, kwaye abavoti abaphambili banempembelelo enkulu kule miqophiso ngenxa yokubhavhoza okusezantsi. Zinike ixesha lokwenza uphando kunye nokuvota kuzo zonke iinkalo kwibholoti yakho, hayi nje ezo zifumana ingqalelo yesixhobo sokugcina ulwazi.
Ukuthembela Ngokuthe Ngqo Ephepheni Leqela
Kunyulo lokuqala, bonke abathathi-nxaxheba badlelana ngeqela elinye, ngoko ke awunakuthembela kwiilebhile zeqela ukukhokela ukhetho lwakho. Kufuneka uphande iindawo zomntu ngamnye oza kubhaptizwa, imvelaphi, kunye neemfaneleko ukuze wenze izigqibo zolwazi. Musa ukucinga ukuba bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kwiqela lakho abaphambili banembono enye kwimibandela ebalulekileyo, ngoko ke kusenokubakho umahluko ophawulekayo kwingqiqo kunye neemeko zenkqubo phakathi kwabatsha abatsha abatsha abaphambili.
Oovimba bolwazi lokhetho oluphambili
Zininzi izinto ezikhoyo ezinokukunceda uhambe ngonyulo oluphambili uze wenze izigqibo zokuvota ngolwazi. Ukusebenzisa ezi zixhobo kungayiphucula ngokuphawulekayo impumelelo yakho njengomvoti oyintloko.
IiWebhsayithi zokhetho ezisemthethweni
Iiwebhsayithi zeofisi yonyulo nezonyulo zingowona mthombo unegunya lolwazi malunga nokubhaliswa, iindawo zokuvota, amaxesha okusebenza, neenkqubo zonyulo. La manxuwa anika izixhobo zokuvota zokuvota, iimvote, iilokhwe zokuvota, abachongi, nolwazi malunga nokuvota kwangethuba kunye nokhetho olungekhoyo. Inqaku lenqaku lephepha lesizwe sakho kunye neewebhsayithi zonyulo ze usoloko uzihlola njengoko umhla wokukhetha.
Isikhokelo se-Nonpartarian Voter
Imibutho efana noManyano lwaManyano lwaMasipala, iBallottedia, neVote411 inikezela ngezikhokelo ezingenayo iparatis eziquka ulwazi olufuna ukuvota, umlinganiselo wovavanyo lwebhola, kunye nemiyalelo yokuvota. Ezi zikhokelo zinokuba luncedo kakhulu ekuphandeni intlalo-ntle-ntle kunye nabavoti-majelo-ndaba abangefumani nkcazelo ininzi.
Amajelo eendaba Neengxoxo Ezimaphephandaba
Amaphephandaba asekuhlaleni, izitishi zikamabonwakude, kunye nezikhundla zikanomathotholo zisoloko zinikela intlawulo ephambili, kuquka iingxelo zabanyulwa, iingxoxo, kunye nohlalutyo lwemibandela engundoqo. Imibutho emininzi ye-othotho okanye abaququzeleli beendaba kunye neengxoxo zokusasaza ezikuvumela ukuba ubone abatsha abathathi-nxaxheba ngamacala onke kwaye uphulaphule iindawo zabo kwimibandela ebalulekileyo. Imithombo yesiZwe yendaba inganceda kwizikhululo zonyulo kunye nentlalo-ntle, kodwa ingalityesheli ijeliso lobuzwe lasekuhlaleni, elisoloko linikela iinkcukacha ezingakumbi zelizwe kunye nemilo ephambili.
Iwebhsayithi ezinomtsalane kunye nemithombo yezoshishino
Inkoliso yabathathi-nxaxheba igcina iiwebhsayithi kunye neengxelo zezentlalo apho bachaza izikhundla zabo, babelana ngeendaba ngamaphulo abo, kwaye banika iinkcukacha ngendlela yokuwaxhasa. Ngeli xesha ezi zizinto ezicacileyo zivela kwimithombo efuna ukunyuswa, ziluncedo ekuqondeni oko kubekwa phambili nendlela abazinikela ngayo kubavoti. Thelekisa ulwazi olusuka kwimithombo yabathathi-nxaxheba kunye nokuzinika ingxelo ezimeleyo nokukhangela inyani ukufumana umfanekiso opheleleyo.
Izixhobo Zokutshisa Nezoncedo
Ukuba udibana neengxaki okanye unemibuzo ngokuvota, kukho imigca emininzi eshushu kunye nezibonelelo zoncedo. Umbutho woKhuselo loKhuselo uqhuba ilayini eshushu yesizwe enika uncedo ngeelwimi ezininzi. Amazwe amaninzi asebenzisa ii-vhoti ezishushu zomvoti kwii-ofisi zawo zonyulo. Musa ukuthandabuza ukufikelela ukufumana uncedo ukuba akuqinisekanga ngayiphi na inkalo yenkqubo yokuvota.
Ukubaluleka Kokuthabatha Inxaxheba Ngokuyintloko
Unyulo lokuqala lusoloko lubona umvoti ophantsi ejikwa kukhetho jikelele, ngokufuthi ngenani elithabatha inxaxheba kuma-20-30% okanye ngaphantsi kwabavoti ababhalisiweyo. Olu khetho lusezantsi luthetha ukuba abavoti abaphambili banempembelelo engathethekiyo kukhetho lomvoti kwaye, ngolwandiso, ulwalathiso lwezobupolitika zamaMelika.
Xa bembalwa abantu abavotayo kwizindlu eziphezulu, abavoti badla ngokungabi ngabameli abancinane bemibutho jikelele yaye babonakale begqithisele ngokweengcamango. Oku kunokukhokelela ekufunyanisweni kwababhenele kwiqela elibhenelayo kodwa bazame ukunxibelelana nabavoti abalinganiselweyo okanye abazimeleyo kunyulo ngokubandakanyeka kumaziko aphezulu, unceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba uludwe olubanzi lwamazwi luviwa kwinkqubo yokukhetha abatsha.
Inxaxheba yokuqala ibaluleke kakhulu kumagunya alawulwa liqela elinye lezobupolitika, apho eyona nto iphambili igqiba ukuba ngubani oza kuba nesikhundla. Kwezi ndawo, unyulo jikelele lusoloko lusisiphelo esisigxina, ukwenza okuyintloko kube kuphela kwethuba elinentsingiselo lokuba abavoti baphembelele abo bawameleyo. Ukuba uhlala kummandla weDemocratic okanye weRiphabliki, ukhetho lwakho oluphambili lunokuba yeyona voti iphambili ephambili.
Ngapha koko kukhethwa ngokukodwa, unyulo oluphambili luthumela imiqondiso ebalulekileyo kumaqela ezobupolitika nakumarhafu malunga nokuba yeyiphi imibandela ekhoyo kubavoti kwaye ziziphi iindawo ezixhaswayo. Nokuba umvoti wakho othandwayo akawineli, ukhetho lwakho lufak' isandla kumyalezo wonke malunga noko umnyuli ufunayo. I-Candidate kunye namaqela anikela ingqalelo kwiziphumo eziphambili xa kuphuhliswa iqonga kunye neenkqubo zonyulo jikelele.
Emva Kwento Ephambili: Ukuhlala Ubandakanyeka Ngokhetho Oluqhelekileyo
Ukuba nenxaxheba kwakho kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi akumele kuphele xa intloko iphelile. Ngaphandle kokuba abathathi-nxaxheba bakho baphumelele kwibala labo, ukuhlala ubophelelekile kunyulo jikelele kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ilizwi lakho liyaviwa kwaye amaxabiso akho ameleke.
Ukuba umvotelwa wakho uphumelele kunyulo oluphambili, cinga ngendlela onokubaxhasa ngayo kunyulo jikelele. Oku kungaquka ukunikela ngokuzithandela kwiphulo labo, ukunikela ukuba uyakwazi, ukuthetha nabahlobo kunye nentsapho ngesizathu sokuba ubaxhase, okanye ukuqiniseka ukuba uvote kunyulo oluqhelekileyo. Abaphumelele kuqala basoloko befuna ukwandisa isibheno sabo ukuze baphumelele kunyulo jikelele, ngoko ke ukubhaptiza kwakho okuqhubekayo kunganceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba bahlala benoxanduva kwiminqongo ebenza bangabi namntlukwano.
Ukuba umvoteli wakho othandwayo ulahlekelwe ngunobangela ophambili, ujongene nokhetho ngendlela yokufikelela kunyulo jikelele. Abanye abavoti baxhasa ngehlombe i-odoli yabo nokuba bekungelulo ukhetho lwabo lokuqala, ngelixesha abanye bezamana nesi sigqibo. Qwalasela umahluko phakathi konozala weqela lakho nomntu ochasanayo, kwaye cinga ngesiphumo esiza kukunceda kakuhle amaxabiso akho nezinto eziza kuqala. Khumbula ukuba nangona kungekho mvotekicalula oza kuvumelana nazo zonke iimbono zakho, unyulo lumalunga nokukhetha phakathi kokhetho olukhoyo, hayi abathathi bafanele bafundele.
Hlala wazi ukuba abaphumelele kuqala kunyulo jikelele bawaxhasa njani amatyala abo abawenzayo ngexesha eliphambili. Bamba amagosa anyuliweyo ukuba aphendule xa nje ethatha isikhundla ngokulandela amavoti abo, ngokuqhagamshelana nabo ngemibandela oyikhathaleleyo, kwaye aba nenxaxheba kwimicimbi yexesha elizayo e-primmication kunye nonyulo. I-democracy asisosiganeko sexesha elinye kodwa yinkqubo eqhubekayo efuna ukuthenjiswa ngokuqhubekayo yiyo evela kubemi.
Isiphelo: Ukuzinika Amandla Njengendlela Ephambili
Ukukhetha unyulo oluphambili ngempumelelo kufuna ukuqonda imithetho neenkqubo ezithile kwilizwe lakho, ulungiselela kusengaphambili ngokuhlola ukubhalisa kwakho kunye nabo baphandayo, kwaye wenze ukhetho olubonisa imilinganiselo yakho nezinto eziza kuqala. Ngoxa inkqubo yokuqala isenokubonakala intsonkothile kwaye idida, isenzo esingundoqo sokuvota sihlala sicacile: bhalisa, wenze uphando, kwaye uphose i-collet yakho.
Ngokuzinika ixesha lokuqonda indlela umsebenzi olula ngayo, uzinika amandla okuthabatha inxaxheba ngokunempumelelo kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi. Ukuvota kwakho kunyulo oluphambili kuthwala ubunzima obubalulekileyo, ngokufuthi ngaphezu konyulo oluqhelekileyo ngenxa yokuphunyulwa okusezantsi nokubaluleka kokhetho lomvotelwa ekulungiseni iziphumo zobupolitika. U Donot'ukuvumela ukudideka malunga neenkqubo okanye ukungaqiniseki ngabatshati kukuthintela ekuqheliseni eli lungelo libalulekileyo.
Khumbula ukuba amagosa okhetho, imibutho yovoti kunye noovimba abaninzi abakwi-intanethi bayafumaneka ukukunceda uhambe naluphi na ucelomngeni odibana nalo. Musa ukuthandabuza ukubuza imibuzo, ukufuna uncedo, okanye ukuzinika ixesha lokuzithemba ngokhetho lwakho lokuvota. Uvoti ngamnye wayekhe waba ngumvoti wokuqala, kwaye ukufunda ukusebenzisa inkqubo yabavoti yinkqubo elula ngenxa yamava.
Njengoko ulungiselela unyulo lwakho olulandelayo olungundoqo, sebenzisa iingcebiso nolwazi olukwesi sikhokelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukulungele ukuvota ngokunempumelelo. Khangela ubhaliso lwakho kwangoko, khangela abaza kubhalisa kunye nemibandela kuvoti yakho, qonda ukhetho lwakho, kwaye wenze icebo lokuba uza kuluphosa nini kwaye njani unyulo lwakho. Ngokusondela kunyulo lokuqala ngokulungiselela nangenjongo, ungenza ilizwi lakho liviwe kwaye uncedise ukubumba ikamva ledemokhrasi yabameli.