Ingxaki Eyandayo Yokungabi Nandawo Yokuhlala

Ukutyhubela iUnited States namazwe ahlukeneyo, ukufumaneka kwezindlu kuye kwavela njengolunye lwezona ngxaki zicinezelayo zexesha lethu. Ukuxinga amaxabiso endlu, ingeniso ehlahlayo, kunye nokunqongophala kwemibutho yezindlu okuqhubekayo kunyanzelise iphupha lomnini-khaya elingaphaya kokufikelela kwabaninzi, ngoxa iiyure zokuqesha zichitha izahlulo ezihlala imali eninzi. Oorhulumente bengingqi, ukusuka kwiidolophu ezincinci ukuya kwiindawo ezikhulu zedolophu, bazifumana kwimigxubeko ephambili yalee. Ngokungafani namaziko angoorhulumente okanye oorhulumente, iinkokeli zelizwe zibone ukuchaphazeleka koluntu imihla ngemihla, abasebenzi besebenza besebenzisa iiyure ezininzi ngenxa yokuba bengakwazi ukuphila kufuphi nemisebenzi yabo, nabahlali bexesha elide befudukile. Ukuphendula, nokubalwa kwemiqatha kwemisebenzi, ukukhuthaza imigaqo-mthetho yemali, ukukhuthaza nokulungisa imigaqo-mali, iziphumo zemeko zemali, kunye nemiqobo, kunye nemiqobo.

Ukuqonda Ukufumaneka Kwezindlu

Ukufumaneka kwemali yokuhlala kunxulumene nolwalamano phakathi kwemali yendlu nengeniso yendlu. Uphawu olusezantsi lwebhetshi, olusetyenziswa liSebe leNdlu yeNdawo kunye noPhuhliso lwe-Urban (HUD) kunye namanye amasebe amaninzi, kukuba indleko zokuhlala ziquka iirente okanye iirhafu, izinto ezincedisa irhafu, kunye nerhafu, qhamfako akufunekanga ngaphezu kwe-30% yengeniso ephezulu yendlu. Xa iindleko zingaphaya kolu luhlu, iintsapho zijongene noxanduva olunzima, ngokufuthi zinyanzela ukurhwebelana nezinye izinto eziyimfuneko ezinjengokutya, ukunyamekela impilo, ukuphatha, ukuphatha, izithuthi, irhafu, kunye nemfundo.

Ngokwe- Iziko lemali exhasweyo le Homes Studies zeYunivesithi yaseHarvard, inani elibhaliweyo leentsapho zase-U.S. ngoku lithwaliswe umthwalo. Ngo-2022, amakhaya aqeshi abaqeshi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-222 achithe imali engaphezulu kwe-30% yengeniso yabo kwizindlu, kwaye angaphezu kwezigidi ezili-12 achithelwa ngaphezu kwesiqingatha. Abanini-khaya abakhuselekanga; ukunyuka kwempahla, i-inshorensi, kunye nexabiso lokuzigcina zithengene, ingakumbi kubantu abadala abafumana ingeniso eqinileyo. Ingxaki ayisebenzi engaphantsi kwemibutho efumana imali ephantsi, uluntu, umgangatho webala, kunye nommandla wasezidolophini, kodwa iziphumo zayo ezichaphazela uqoqoorhulumente, uluntu, uluntu nomanyano lwentlalo-ntlalo-ntle.

Ubuchule obungundoqo bokunika idilesi yendlu

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni banesixhobo esinamandla abanokusisebenzisa. Eyona ndlela iphumelelayo yokusebenzisa imigaqo-nkqubo, iintshukumisa zemali, kunye nonxulumano olusebenzisa uluntu nobuncwane babucala. Ngeli ngezantsi zizinto ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi, zijongwa ngokunzulu ngendlela abasebenza ngayo.

Ukuqhaqhamba

Imigaqo-nkqubo yokuhlanganisa i-IZ ifuna abaphuhlisi babeke bucala ipesenti yeeyunithi kwimisebenzi emitsha yokuhlala kwiintsapho ezifumana ngaphantsi komqobo othile wengeniso. Le nkqubo inokuba yeyokunyanzelisa okanye yokuzithandela, kwaye isoloko iquka amalungiselelo okuqinisekisa ukuba imali iyaqhubeka kangangamashumi eminyaka. IZ inceda ukwenza imida efumana iingeniso ezidityanisiweyo, ukunciphisa ubuhlwempu obugqithisileyo ngelixa ukwandisa iiyunithi ezinokufikeleleka ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa nguwonke-wonke-wonke.

Umthetho wezakhiwo ezifakelwayo weSan Francisco, umzekelo, ufuna abaphuhlisi bemisebenzi eneeyunithi ezili-10 okanye ezingaphezulu ukwenza ubuncinane iiyunithi ezili-12% zeyunithi ezinokufikeleleka kwizindlu eziphantsi okanye ezifanelekileyo, okanye ukuhlawula umrhumo kwi-liseku. Ezinye izixeko ezifana neBoston ne Denver zifumene iimodeli ezifanayo. Umba ongundoqo kukumisela umlinganiselo ophezulu ngokwaneleyo wokwenza umahluko ngaphandle kokunqanda uphuhliso ngokupheleleyo. Amanye amaqela anika ubuxinanogocigo / ukunikezela ngezakhiwo ezinde okanye amaqela amaninzi ngaphezu kwexabiso eliqhelekileyo elivumela abaphuhlisiiiiiimali eziqhelekileyo. Uban'u . Urban Institutement ye- ucebisa ukuba ukwenziwa kwenkqubo ze-Z ezinokuveliswa koondo oluthe krafikisho kwizixeko ezininzi zezixeko ezininzi ngaphandle kokunciphisa izindlu ezikunikezelwa ngonyaka wonke.

Uphuhliso olunokufumaneka lwezindlu

Ngaphandle kweemfuno zesakhiwo, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni banikela izikhuthazo ezininzi zokukhuthaza abaphuhlisi basekuhlaleni ukuba bakhe izindlu ezinokufikeleleka. Ezi ziquka ukuhlawulwa kwemali yemfuzo yempahla, ukuncitshiswa kwemirhumo yemali yemfuyo, inkcitho elungiselelwe ukukhutshwa kwemali yemali yesakhiwo, kunye neminikelo ethe ngqo evela kwimali yokuthembeka kwezindlu zasekuhlaleni. Ngokunciphisa ixabiso kunye nomngcipheko wokuphuhliswa, ezi zinto zikhuthaza ukuba kufunyanwe ngokwezoqoqosho kwimisebenzi ebezingathengiswa kuphela ngexabiso lobunewunewunewu.

KwisiXeko saseNew York, inkqubo yokukhululwa kwerhafu engama-421-a (ngoku ethathelwe indawo yi-Affordible New York) yanika uphumlo olukhulu lwerhafu ukwenzela inkqubela-phambili equka iiyunithi ezinokufikeleleka. ESeattle, iMiltial Family Family Tax Incosiontion (MFTE) inkqubo inika ukhutshengiso lwemali yeminyaka eli-12 lwerhafu yezakhiwo ezintsha zeentsapho ezininzi ezigcinelwe 20% ukuya kwi 25% yeeyunithi ezingabiziweyo. Iinkqubo ezinjalo zinconywe ngokunyusa ngamandla ukwenziwa kwamawaka ezindlu ezinokufikeleleka. Kodwa ke, abagxeki baphawule ukuba irhafu yerha i-bhatao yemali inciphisa ingeniso yasekuhlaleni kwaye anokungasoloko iveliswa ukukhutshwa kwemali yemali yexesha elide ngaphandle kokuba ibeke ngezivumelwano eziqinile.

Imilinganiselo Elawulayo

Ulawulo lwe-rent-----odola ngokuchanekileyo, ukuqesha irhafu yerhafu inganyusa irenti ngonyaka, isoloko idibanisa unyuko kwizalathiso zamaxabiso abathengi okanye ipesenti emiselweyo. Le migaqo ijolise ekukhuseleni abaqeshi abakhoyo kwimigama yokuqesha engahlawulekiyo neyokulondoloza isibonelelo esikhoyo sendalo esivela kwizindlu ezinokufikeleleka. California, New York, Oregon, kunye nezixeko ezininzi zinendlela ethile yokuqesha.

Ngeli xesha ulawulo lwerenti inganika abaqeshi isiqabu esikhawulezileyo, izazi zezoqoqosho zisoloko ziphikisana ngeziphumo zazo zexesha elide. Uhlolisiso lwentsimbi oluthe lwaphandwa ngabaphandi baseStanford lwafumanisa ukuba ukuqesha irente eSan Francisco ngenene kwanciphisa unikezelo lwezindlu zokuqesha ngokubanzisa abanini-ndlu ukuba baguqulele iiyunithi kwizinto ezidityanisiweyo okanye kwiendawo zokuqengqeleka zexesha elifutshane. Ngokuchasene noko, abaxhasi baphikisa ukuba imithetho eqikelelwa kakuhle, njengaleyo esesiXeko laseNew York, incede ukumisa abamelwane kunye nokukhusela ukutsalwa komphakathi.

Amalizwe Oluntu Akholose Ngawo

Imali ethenjiswayo yelizwe loluntu (iCLT) ngamaqumrhu angafumani ngeniso afumana umhlaba aze awugcine uthembekile, aze awuqeshe kumnini-khaya okanye kubaphuhlisi ukuze afumane irejista yomhlaba nje ogama lingumhlaba. Ngenxa yokuba umhlaba uthengwe yiCLT, ixabiso lendlu lahlulwa kwixabiso lomhlaba, ukunciphisa ixabiso lokuthenga. Ngokubhekiselele kulowo uthengwayo, abanini-makhaya bayavuma ukubuyisela imiqathango egcina amakhaya elinganayo abathengi abalandelayo.

Ii-CLT ziye zangqineka ziphumelela ekulondolozeni amathuba anokufikeleleka okuhlala kwabantu. I-Champlain House Trust eBurlington, eVermont, yenye yezona zidala nezinkulu iiCLT e-U.S., zilawula amakhaya anokufikeleleka angama-3000. Ezinye izixeko, ezifana ne-Atlanta neWashington, D.C., ziye zasungula iiCLT kunye namaqumrhu ogcino-mali emali.

Umanyano

Umanyano lwabucala lukawonke-wonke (PPP okanye iiP3s) luzihlanganisela kunye izibonelelo zikamasipala, ikomkhulu labucala, yaye ngokufuthi lungenangeniso ukuvelisa izindlu ezinokufikeleleka ngokwesikali. Olu manyano lungathatha iintlobo ezininzi: imisebenzi edibeneyo apho isixeko sinegalelo khona umhlaba kunye nombhekisi phambili wabucala wolwakhiwo; iingxelo zemali zerhafu apho isixeko sinikezela iintengiso zentengiso eziphantsi kweholo yeBhotela (LIHTC); okanye uphuhliso oludityanisiweyo oludibanisa indawo yentengiso kunye neeyunithi ezinokufikeleleka.

Umzekelo ophawulekayo ngu “Ukwakha kwiNdlela-ntle ye-Rant” yomanyano e-Austin, eTexas, apho isixeko sanikela khona ipasile esiseleyo sophuhliso lwe-200 ulwando olufumana amakhaya axhaswe yi-60% yengeniso yommandla wolawulo-ndaba. Umbhekisi-phambili waso waxhasa iprojekthi ngokuphelisa irhafu kunye ne-4% LIHTC equity. Intswana elinjalo linganyusa ixesha leprojekthi lize lizise ubuchule obungekhoyo oorhulumente basekuhlaleni, kodwa kufuneka uphakaliso olunamandla ukuqinisekisa iinzuzo zikawonke-wonke azinciphi.

Ukubonelela ngenkxaso-mali ekhoyo

Ngaphaya kwezintlanu iindlela ezingundoqo ezichazwe ngasentla, ezinye iindlela eziliqela zisetyenziswa ngoomasipala abacinga phambili.

Ukunyuka nokupheliswa kozimo zosapho olunye

IMinneapolis yenza imixholo yesizwe ngo-2018 ngonyaka ka-2018 ngokuba sisixeko sokuqala esiphambili sokuphelisa isixeko esinye esihlala intsapho ehlala kuyo yonke indawo, ivumela i-duplexis kunye nee-intshi ezintathu kuwo onke amaqashiso. Ukususela ngoko, izixeko ezifana nePortland, Oregon, neCharlotte, umNtla Carolina, ziye zalandela iziphumo ezi. Ngokuvumela ubunzima obuphezulu, olu tshintsho lwandisa ukunikezelwa kwezindlu kwaye lunganciphisa amaxabiso ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ufundo lweMinneapolis lubonisa utshintsho oluncinane kwisakhiwo esincinane, nangona iziphumo zinokuthatha iminyaka emininzi ukuze zikwazi ukuthumba impahla.

Iiyunithi zokuhlala (ADU)

I-ADUS(incinci, amaqela esibini ezindlu kumhlaba ohlala intsapho enye). Ibonelela indlela ephantsi yokongeza uxinaniso ngaphandle kokukhuliswa kweqondo elikhulu. Izixeko ezininzi ziphumle imiqathango ekwakheni kunye neeplani ze-ADU ezivunyiweyo zokukhuthaza ulwakhiwo lwazo. ECalifornia, umthetho karhulumente ngoku ufuna izixeko ukuvumela i-ADUs, kwaye urhulumente unika iinkqubo zokubolekisa imali umninimzi ukuba axhase ngemali. ADUs anganikezela ngengeniso eqeshiweyo kubanini-makhaya ngelixa ukwandisa isitokhwe sezindlu.

Uncedo lwezinyo olusekelwe kwisiseko sentloko kunye ne Vouchers

Ngeli xesha zidla ngokubonwa njengembopheleleko karhulumente, abanye oorhulumente basekuhlaleni baye bamisela iinkqubo zabo zoncedo lokuqesha. Umzekelo, iSithili se-Local Rent Emathematimed Program yaseColumbia sinika abaxhasi kwizindlu ezifumana imali ephantsi kakhulu, sivala umsantsa phakathi koko banokukuthenga kunye nerente yokuqesha. Ezi nkqubo zibiza imali eninzi kodwa zinokujoliswe kwezona zisemngciphekweni zisengozini.

Ucelomngeni Lokulungisa Izindlu

Phezu kwako nje ukwenziwa kwamandla nokuzinikela kweenkokeli zasekuhlaleni, imiqobo emininzi iphazamisa inkqubela.

Ukungabi namali nokungabi namali

Izindlu ezinokuxabisa imali eninzi. Iyunithi enye ingabiza amakhulu amawaka eerandi ukuphuhliswa, kwaye inkxaso-mali yokusebenza ingafuneka kangangamashumi eminyaka. Uninzi loorhulumente basekuhlaleni luxhomekeke kumsebenzi wemali edibeneyo karhulumente (njenge-HOME Investivations Preferenced Divisions Program ne-Community Development Block Grants), imali yendlu ekhuselwayo, kunye nemithombo yengeniso yasekuhlaleni efana neendleko-mali zokufakwa okanye irhafumente. Uqingqo-mali olufutshane ngexesha lokuhlahlela izoqoqosho lunganciphisa iinkqubo zezindlu.

Ingxelo yeNational Low Inhome Infication Coalition ingxelo yokuba kulo lonke ilizwe kukho ukunqongophala kwamakhaya okuqesha angaphantsi kakhulu kwezigidi ezisixhenxe ezinokufumaneka. Ukulungisa lo msantsa kuza kufuna utyalo-mali olungaphaya kwemigangatho yangoku. Izixeko ezininzi ziguqukele kumanyathelo amaqhina agunyazisiweyo, afana nee-R2,000 zezigidi ze-R2, ukuvelisa inkxaso enikezelweyo, kodwa amanyathelo anjalo akasoloko efikeleleka ngokwezobupolitika.

Inkcaso yoLuntu (I-NIMBY)

Ukuchasana kwabemi abakhoyo . "Ungeyonto Yam eBackyard" (NIMBY) ihlala yenye yemiqobo eyoyikekayo. Naxa uphuhliso olutsha luquka amaqela angabiziyo, abamelwane basoloko beluchasa, becaphula amaxhala okuxinana kweenqwelo-moya, ukunqongophala kwemithwalo, ukuxinana kwesikolo, ukugxabha, okanye iinguqu kubuntu basekuhlaleni. Le nkcaso ingenza ukuba imisebenzi ilibazise ukubukezwa kokusingqongileyo kangangeminyaka, ukubhenela, ukubhena kwetyala.

Ukulwa ne-NIMBYism, izixeko ziye zamkela “ngasekunene” zisebenzisa ikonkrathi elungele ukuqwalaselwa, kwaye bambi baye benza“inkqubo ezi-"engunxantathu” eziye zabangela ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho elawula ukuchasana kwasekuhlaleni. Kodwa ke, ukubophelelana nokuthembana kwabantu kusafuneka. Unxibelelwano olucacileyo ngeengenelo zezindlu ezinokufikeleleka `ezifana nokungabi namakhaya aneleyo, kunye nokuncitshiswa kokungabi namakhaya.

Ukulungelelanisa uphuhliso neengxaki zokusingqongileyo

Ukuphuhliswa kwezindlu kusenokungqubana neenjongo zokusingqongileyo. Ukwakha kwiindawo eziluhlaza kungathabatha indawo evulekileyo kunye nokwandisa iikhilomitha zemoto ezihanjiweyo, ngoxa ukuphuhliswa kokuzaliswa kwezixhobo ezifana nokukhuliswa kwebala elimdaka okanye iziphumo zokuchaphazeleka kwendawo yokuhlala echukumiseke kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, iinkqubo zokuhlola indalo ezingqongqo, ezifana neKhalifoniya yeNkcubeko yeNkathi yeNkathi Yomhlaba (CEA), zinokusetyenziswa izixhobo ziintshaba zabachasi bezindlu ezintsha.

Izixeko ezihambela phambili zizabalazela “imigaqo-nkqubo yezindlu egxininisa ukukhula kufutshane nokusebenza kakuhle kothutho nokubeka phambili amandla. Umzekelo, icebo elibanzi likaMinneapolis liquka ukujoliswa kwemozulu entle kunye namabhongo. Kodwa uxinzeleleko luyaqhubeka: abanye abaxhasi bezobulungisa bemekobume baphikisa ukuba inkqubela yemida yemali ephantsi ingakhokelela ekushenxiseni, kunciphiseke ukuxhaswa kwentlalo yezenzo eziluhlaza.

Ukulondoloza Ukukhuseleka Ngexesha Elide

Ngaphandle kokungajongwa okuqhubekayo, iiyunithi ezinokufikeleleka zingabuyela kwi-pricentie xa zithe zaphelelwa yizivumelwano zokuhlawula. Eli “liwa lokungabinakusetyenziswa” liye lakhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwamawaka eeyunithi ezincinci kwilizwe lonke. Ukumelana noku, izixeko zinyusa amathuba aneleyo kwiminyaka engama-99 okanye kwiminyaka engama-99 okanye ekusebenziseni ugcino-mali lwamazwe kunye nemiqathango yemithetho ehlala ihleli.

Kwanangezivumelwano ezisemthethweni, ukunyanzelisa ukusetyenziswa koncedo. Iidolophu zifuna iinkqubo zokugada eziqinileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana nemida yengeniso kunye neekepu zerenti. Kufuneka zibe nezixhobo ezisemthethweni zokuphinda zifumane amaqela ukuba abaninizo abangakwazi ukugcina imali efunekayo. Abanye oomasipala, abanjengeMontgomery County, Maryland, baye banikezela ii-ofisi ezinokufumaneka ezinokufikeleleka zokuthobela izindlu ezithengenwayo ezithe zaphicothi ziphuculwa ngokuphicotha izinto zokuhlaziya.

Uhlolisiso Lwezinyathelo Zorhulumente Wasekuhlaleni Ophumelelayo

Le mizekelo ilandelayo ibonisa indlela abantu abahlukeneyo abaye baguqulela ngayo inkqubo kwimpembelelo yokwenene yehlabathi.

ISan Francisco, eKhalifoniya

ISan Francisco ikudala izama ukuxhathisa iindleko ezigqithisileyo zokuhlala. Ukongeza kwindawo yokuhlala, isixeko saseka iNgxowa-mali yezindlu ehlawulwayo [[FLT: 0], ekhupha iindleko zombhekisi phambili, irhafu, irhafu, kunye nemali-mali jikelele yemali ukuxhasa ulwakhiwo nogcino lwezindlu. Inkqubo yesixeko ibonelela ngoncedo lwamakhaya asezantsi, inika inkxaso kwaye i-makethikithi-ka kancinci yezindlu ukuze zifumane iintsapho. Njengo 2023, iSan Francisco yadala iiyunithi ezinokufikeleleka eziziiiiiiintlobo ezithengenileyo kwezi nkqubo, nangona imfuneko iqhubeka ukunikezelwa kwe-stadio. Iprojects[FLD]

Isixeko SaseNew York, eNew York

Isicwangciso sokuhlanganisa iNew York 2. 0.0 [iSixeko saseNew York:] i-[FLT , esibhengezwe ngo-2017, sanikela ii-200,000 zezigidi zeerandi ukuyila okanye ukugcina iiyunithi ezingabiziyo ezingama-300,000 ngonyaka wama-2026. Icebo lidibanisa ukwakhiwa okutsha, ukubuyiselwa kwezindlu zikawonke-wonke, kunye nokulondolozwa ngokwemvelo kwezindlu ezinokufikeleleka. Ngo-2022, isixeko sifake imali engaphezu kwama-200 000 eyunithi. Ilungu elingundoqo liyi- i-Mantial Inclusary Imbazary (MH) inkqubo esebenza kuzo zonke iinguquko zesixeko ezithengwayo kwaye lifuna umlinganiselo othelekayo. MIH lidityaniswe ngeeyunithi ezilingana namawaka angamashumi amabini kwimimandla akwimpumangeentshona yeNtshona York.

Minneapolis, Minnesota

Ngo-2018, iMinneapolis yamkela i- icebo elibanzi lokukhupha icandelo elinye lendlu liphinde livumeleke lifikelele kwisithathu kwisixeko esithe qelele. Icebo lafuna ukuba uphuhliso olutsha kwimimandla ephezulu luquke iiyunithi ezifikelelekayo okanye igalelo kwingxowa yezindlu. Ugcino-lwazi lwangaphambili ukusuka kuma-2021-20222, lubonise ulwando lwezimvume zeduplexes, ii-tiplexes, kunye nee-quadplexs xa zithelekiswa nemeko zangaphambili. Ngaphezu koko, iMinneapolis zityala ii-R1 000 000 000 ngonyaka kwiAfford Thosthost. Ingxowa yesixeko ijolise i-oks ezikhoyo ekulondolozeni izindlu ezikhoyo.

Seattle, eWashington

I-[FFLT:0] yemibutho e-Mantara yeNdlu yezindlu (MHRA) inkqubo, efunyenwe ngo-2019, idibanisa ukuhlanganiswa kweendawo neemfuno zemali. Kumiselo “iidolophana ze-urban,” abaphuhlisi bemibutho emininzi kufuneka baquke iiyunithi ezingafikelelekiyo (ngokubanzi ezi-5-11%) okanye bahlawule intlawulo lwemali ngenyawo kwisikwere kwingxowa yesixeko exhasa indlu enokufikeleleka. Ukususela ekufunyanisweni, uMaba uvelise iiyunithi eziziiiiiinjiko eziziibhiliyo kunye namashumi ezigidi zemali ezihlawulelo. Inkqubo yenzelwe ukuba ibe yeyeza, njengoko amaxabiso enyukayo ekhutshelwayo kwimali ehhlawulwayo. [FT]

Ukukhangela Phambili: Indlela Eya Kukukomelela

Ukufumaneka kwezindlu asiyongxaki enokuconjululwa ngobusuku okanye ngayo nayiphi na inkqubo enye. Kufuna utyalo-mali oluxhasiweyo, ukuthanda kwezobupolitika, kunye nentsebenziswano kwiicandelo. Oorhulumente bongingqi babonisa ukuba bangaba ziindlu zotshintsho, ukuvavanya okunokuthi, ukuba kuphumelele, kulinganiswe. Ezona zixeko ziphumelelayo zidibanise amanyathelo okunikezela (ukulungisa, izikhuthazo zophuhliso) kunye nenkxaso efunekayo (uncedo lwamalungu omhlaba, iinkqubo zolawulo lwamakhaya) kunye nezixhobo ezinamandla zokukhusela abantu.

Intsingiselo yokudibanisa iquka ukusetyenziswa kwezakhiwo ezidityanisiweyo ucwangciso-data-olwahlulayo . Njengendawo yokuhlala efuna uhlolo nezithuba zerhafu, ````````''''''.'' Iqumrhu lezindlu' apho oomasipala abaninzi bahambelana khona ukudibana ukudibana nengxaki eyahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, i- I-BHAYILE I-ARP [ liqumbhulatho lokuqala lengi yengi yengingqi eKlinian , elinegunya lokuhlawula irhafunxa-mali engaphaya kobalo olusithobayo.

Ekugqibeleni, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni abanako ukucombulula ukufumaneka kwemali yokuhlala kuphela. NgooManyano norhulumente, uphuhliso lwecandelo lobuqu, kunye nokudityaniswa kwebutho labantu konke kubalulekile. Kodwa izenzo ezithathwa namhlanje ezisuka kwizixeko ukusuka kwiSan Francisco ukuya kwiMinneapolis zibonisa ukuba imigaqo eqinileyo, ecwangcisiweyo kakuhle ingenza umahluko ocacileyo. Ngokufunda kule mizekelo nokuzivumelanisa nemeko yasekuhlaleni, abantu banokusondela kusukelo lokuba bonke abami bafanele ukutsalelwa ekhaya.