Ngonyaka ka-1978, abavoti baseKhalifoniya benza into yenguquko: badlula ngokupheleleyo kwindlu yowiso-mthetho baza banciphisa irhafu ngemilinganiselo yempahla edityanisiweyo yabemi ebizwa ngokuba yiProcesition 13. Esi senzo sinye sedemokhrasi esithe ngqo saguqula hayi inkqubo yerhafu yaseKhalifoniya kodwa savusa imvukelo yerhafu yelizwe lonke eyatshintsha imicimbi yezobupolitika zaseMelika kangangamashumi eminyaka. Kwaboniswa ukuba abemi abaqhelekileyo abasebenzisa izixhobo zokulawula ama-atherentententeum, amanyathelo, kwaye kukhumbula banokuphazamisa oosomashishini bezobupolitika kunye nomgaqo karhulumente osisiseko.

Ezi ndlela ezintathu zolawulo-moya olungqalileyo . "ukukwazi ukubhukuqa imithetho [[FLT: 0] ukuchitha ii-engile , ukwenza ezintsha nge iziqu ezikhoyo[, kwaye amagosa asuse angxola [[[[FLT:]]] [iiiiiiiindawo]] ezinamandla kakhulu [iiiiiiiiiizixhobo ezingaphantsi kwedemokhrasi.] Ngexesha iUnited States isebenza njengedemokhrasi emele idemokhrasi, ezi nkqubo zedemokhrasi zivumela abemi ukuba bahambe xa abameli bengakwazi ukubonakalisa ukuthanda kukawonke. Ukuqonda indlela ezi zixhobo ezinokuguqula ngayo ulwazi, kwanempembelelo yesizwe, kwanempembelelo yesizwe.

Kodwa phezu kwayo nje impembelelo yabo, inkoliso yabantu baseMerika inokuqonda okungacacanga kwezi zixhobo zedemokhrasi ezingqalileyo. Nguwuphi umahluko phakathi kwe-atrandendim kunye nenyathelo lokuqala? Bangaphi abatyikityani abafuna ukukhunjulwa? Kutheni amanye amaphondo elwamkela olu buchule ngoxa amanye elwalela ngokupheleleyo? Lo msantsa wolwazi uthintela abemi ukuba basebenzise ngokupheleleyo amalungelo abo edemokhrasi kwaye ushiya izixhobo ezinamandla zokuguqula uthuli loluntu luze luqhathe ngorhulumente ongenamdla.

Indaleko Yedemokhrasi Engqalileyo EMerika

Imvelaphi Yexesha Eliqhubekayo

Inkqubo yangoku ye e-actinetives, i-attendendums, kwaye ikhumbula yavela ngexesha leNkqubela (1890s-1920s) njengoko abaguquli babefuna ukuphelisa ukunyanzeleka koomatshini bezobupolitika neemfuno zequmrhu lorhulumente. Abaqhubekeki bekholelwa ukuba idemokhrasi yomelo yonakaliswe zizinto ezikhethekileyo kwaye abemi abaqhelekileyo babefuna ubuchule bokugqitha imigaqo engqubanayo.

UMzantsi Dakota waba lilizwe lokuqala ukwamkela inyathelo lokuqala kunye ne-arhentem ngo-1898, ilandelwe ngokukhawuleza yi-Utah, Oregon, Montana, kunye ne-Oklahoma. Ngonyaka ka-18, phantse isiqingatha sawo onke amazwe samkela uhlobo oluthile lwedemokhrasi engqalileyo. Oregon yaba yilebhu yedemokhrasi engqalileyo [, kunye nabemi abasebenzisa ezi zixhobo ngokufuthi kangangokuba urhulumente wafumana isiteketiso "Inkqubo ye-Oregon" phakathi ko-1902 no1910, i-Oregonvotation yagqiba kwimilinganiselo engama-32, imisela imizekelo eyasasazeka kumazwe azweni ngokuba kwilizwe lonke.

Inkumbulo yavela mva nje kodwa kwimiyalezo efanayo yokuguqula utshintsho. ILos Angeles yamkela ilungiselelo lokuqala lokukhumbula ngowe-1903, kwaye i-Oregon yaba lizwe lokuqala ukukhumbula iphondo lonke ngonyaka ka-1908. Ezi zixhobo zenzelwe ngokucacileyo ukulwa nokunganyaniseki . /ukunika abemi amandla okususa amagosa athengwe ngabalawuli bemigodi, iinkampani zemigodi, okanye abalawuli bezopolitiko.

Isiseko sedemokhrasi engqalileyo [[FLT: 0] safunyanwa kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo: i-sysland cantonal, intsebenziswano yempumlo, kunye nokholo oluqhubekayo kubulumko babemi. Abaguquli abafana noWilliam S. U'Ren eOregon noJohn Randolph Haynes eKhalifoniya baba ngabavangeli bedemokhrasi engqalileyo, bephikisa ngelithi abemi base-Switzerland banokuthenjwa kakhulu kunabepolitistiki banokuchanabeka kwinkohlakalo.

Ulwandiso Nesiphekepheke

I1910 yabona ukwanda okukhawulezileyo kwamalungiselelo edemokhrasi, namazwana amaninzi amkela zonke iindlela ezintathu ngaxeshanye. Uloyiso oluqhubekayo kunyulo lwezwe lwavelisa amathuba okuguqula umGaqo-siseko, kunye [[FLT: 0]] ne- ithanda ulawulo oluqhelekileyo oluphezulu. Intsebenziswano yabafazi ngokufuthi idityaniswa nabameli bedemokhrasi abathe ngqo, ijonga ezi zixhobo njengendlela zokuqhubela phambili utshintsho nangaphambi kokuba kufikelele amalungelo okuvota.

Noko ke, ugqatso lwaphuma ngokukhawuleza. Amandla eNkundla yeNkundla, othuswa zizicelo eziphambili ezivela kwiibhoti, ezixhotyiselwe ukumisela idemokhrasi engqalileyo. Amatyala amaninzi athi ekuqaleni amkele la malungiselelo kamva aphinde aphinde avunywa okanye awathintele kakhulu. Indima yeNkundla yeNkundla yangqineka ibalulekile[ [iiiiindlela zolawulo-demokhrasi] [eqhelekileyo]], ngoxa ixhasa iinkqubo zedemokhrasi, iinkundla eziqinisekisa ukuba azizange zingqubanise iziqinisekiso okanye amalungelo omntu ngamnye.

Ukudodobala Okukhulu kwabangela inkqubela entsha yedemokhrasi engqalileyo njengoko abemi babefuna izixhobo zokulungisa iingxaki zezoqoqosho xa iindlu zowiso-mthetho zibonakala zingasebenzi.

IMfazwe Yehlabathi II neMfazwe Yomlomo zadambisa ihlombe ledemokhrasi engqalileyo, njengoko ugxininiso lwajoliswa kumaqumrhu omanyano noomeli besizwe. Abaninzi bajonga idemokhrasi njengeendleko yokuqhaqhatha okanye yokuqhatha. Le nkqubo yahlala kwiincwadi kodwa yayisetyenziswa rhoqo, ingena kwixesha lokungalawuleki.

Ukuvuselelwa Kwale Mihla

Ii1970 zabona ukuvuselelwa okuthe ngqo kwedemokhrasi , iqala ngepropati yeKhalifoniya 13 kunye nokusasazeka kwelizwe lonke. Oku kuphinda kubonise oothunywa abaninzi: ukunciphisa ukuthembana kwi-ofisi yasemva kwe-Watergate karhulumente, iimvakalelo zokuvukela irhafu, kunye nemibutho emitsha yentlalo efuna utshintsho. Ukusingqongileyo, abaxhasi berhafu, kunye nomda wegama bonke bafumanise ukuba idemokhrasi engqalileyo i-demokhrasi inokuthi ikwazi ukunqanda ukumelana nomthetho-siseko we-siseko somthetho.

Uphawu lwedemokhrasi yale mihla yahluke ngokuphawulekayo kwimvelaphi yayo yeNkangeleko ehambela phambili. Ngelixesha abaxhasi bangaphambili bebona abemi bekhululekile kwimicimbi kawonke-wonke, umkhwa wexesha elizayo ubandakanya amacebo athe kratya athe kratya [ kunye nezintsayino ezihlawulwayo, ukuvota, kunye nezibhengezo zikamabonwakude. Oku kwaqala njengedemokhrasi yengca kungene kwelinye ibala loshishino olulungelelanisiweyo ukuze kukhuphisane.

Ubuxhakaxhaka buguqule umsebenzi wedemokhrasi ngqo. Ukuhlanganisa utyikityo lwangaphakathi, nangona kusenokwandiswa ngokusemthethweni, kuthembisa ukunciphisa iindleko nokwandisa inxaxheba. Unxibelelwano lwezentlalo lunceda ukuhlanganisa ngokukhawuleza kwimilinganiselo yokuvota. Izixhobo zamanani zivumela imfundo engcono yovota malunga namanyathelo antsonkothileyo. ukanti ubugcisa bukwanceda ukusetyenziswa kwendlela yobuchule ngokusetyenziswa kwenkcazelo egqwethiweyo kunye nempembelelo yemali emnyama.

Iinguqu: Igunya Lemijelo

Indlela Yokusebenza Ngenene

I-[NTL:0] i-reterendendum ithetha ngokusisiseko ngokuhlola umsebenzi wobumi borhulumente `ivumela abavoti ukuba bavumele okanye bangayifuni imithetho edluliswa ziindlu zowiso-mthetho. Eli gunya lisebenza njengendlela yokuhlola urhulumente wabameli, ukuqinisekisa ukuba utshintsho lwenkqubo oluphambili lubonakalisa utshintsho oludumileyo oluya kubonisa kunokuba luphawulwe ngumthetho nje.

Inkqubo yesalathisi iqala xa indlu yowiso-mthetho idlulisa umthetho. Kumazwe anikwe intlawulo, abemi banefestile elinganiselweyo ngokuqhelekileyo i 90 iintsuku , ukuqokelela utyikityo olufuna ukuba umthetho unikezelwe kwivoti. izibhengezo zomahluko omkhulu[: ukusuka kwi 2% yamavoti akhutshelwe kunyulo lokugqibela lwempunga eMassachusetts ukuya kwi 10% kwi-Arkansas. Amanye amazwe abala iimfuno ezisekelwe kwivoti ezipheleleyo ezibhalisiweyo kunokuba afake amavoti, enza umqobo unyuso unyuke ngokuphezulu.

Xa utyikityo olwaneleyo luqinisekisiwe, umthetho usoloko ubekwa de kube lunyulo. La mandla ajijizayo enza i-arhendendum ikhaliphe kakhulu (nangona isisongelo se-astendendum singaphembelela isimilo somthetho. Abenzi bomthetho bangalungisa izicelo zokuphepha imingeni yokuphembelela okanye bashiye ngokupheleleyo imiqathango yempikiswano.

[[NTL:0] i-arhente-endums isebenza ngokwahlukileyo, ibangela ukuba izenzekele xa indlu yowiso-mthetho icebisa utshintsho lomgaqo-siseko okanye imilinganiselo ethile. Urhulumente ngamnye ngaphandle koDelaware ufuna imvume yokuvota kwisigqibo somgaqo-siseko, ukwenza olu hlobo lohlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-arentemum. Amazwe amaninzi akwayalela ukuthelekisa iimbambano ezibalulekileyo, ulwando lwerhafu, okanye ezinye izigqibo ezingundoqo.

Ukusetyenziswa kakuhle

Ukuthunyelwa kwezixhobo zamandla e-asentum kubandakanya ukubala ngononophelo. Abachasi bomthetho kufuneka bakhawuleze baqwalasele ukuba bangaqokelela utyikityo baze baphumelele kwibhokisi yebhola encinane. Oku kufuna isakhiwo esidibeneyo esingu, ukuqokelela, kunye nokuphuhlisa umyalezo. Iinzuzo zexesha elicinezelweyo ezicwangcisiweyo nezilangazelelo zesiseko ezikhoyo kwiingca ezizenzekelayo.

Amaqondo empumelelo kwii-arhentendum ahlukene kakhulu. Ii-antententeum ezikulungiso lomgaqo-siseko zidlula malunga nama-75% exesha, zicebisa ukuba iindlu zowiso-mthetho zicebise ukulungiswa ngenkxaso ebanzi. Izicelo zesicelo zicebisa ukuba kulungiswe inkxaso ebanzi. / apho abemi banyanzelela ukuvota kwizenzo zemithetho-siseko.

I-[[NTL:0] erroferentum'' yemiphumela yokuthintela [ inokuba yimpembelelo yayo ebalulekileyo. Abalawuli, besazi ukuba imithetho ephikisayo ingajongana neengxaki zokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, isoloko ilalanisa ngokungenalusini. Le mpembelelo yesithunzi kunzima ukulinganisela kodwa indlela yokuziphatha yomthetho enzulu kumazwe anezithethe ezinamandla.

Inkcubeko yezoqoqosho ilawula amaphulo amaninzi. Amaqela amashishini asebenzisa ama-arhenteum ukuvala imimiselo, ngoxa imibutho yabasebenzi icela ucelomngeni lomthetho ochasene nomsebenzi. Imibutho yemekobume ivota kwiiprojekthi zenkqubela. Lo mgaqo ucebisa ukuba ii-arhenteum ziphumeze izilangazelelo ezilungelelanisiweyo njengemibutho yabemi ezenzekelayo.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala Nophawu Lokuhamba Ngelizwe

ka-2017 I-Medicaid i-adtendium ibonisa amandla e-arhenteum yangoku. Emva kokuba indlu yowiso-mthetho isoloko ilwala ulwando phezu kwayo nayiphi na inkxaso kawonke-wonke, abameli bayibeka kwi-colotor ngenyathelo lommi. Abaxhasi bavunywa ukuba yandiswe 59-41%, ukuchasa kokulawula umthetho. Noko ke, iGaverji Paul LePage ayalwamla ukuphunyezwa, ibonisa oko kulwamkelo lwezimiselo lokuzibhexeshici ngolu lungaqinisekisi utshintsho lwenkqubo ekhawulezileyo.

Irhafu yekharbon yephondo laseWashington erbitums ibonisa indlela ii-arhenteum ezinokuba ngayo ngamadabi enkcitho axabisa imali eninzi. Isi-1631 ngo-2018 sitsale ngaphezu kwee-$1 miliyoni ekuchaseni okuchithwayo, ngokuyintloko kusetyenziswa iinkampani ze-oyile, iyenza ibe yeyona milinganiselo yexabiso elikhulu kwimbali yephondo. Uloyiso lwabonisa indlela [[FLT: 0] iziphendu ezinokugqiba ngayo iziphumo zentengiso ze-andlel-expendium kungakhathaliseki oko kuthethwa ngumbono kawonke wonke.

I-2020 ye-Massachusetts ivota- khorace ebekwe kwisikhundla esiphezulu ityhila ucelomngeni oluntsonkothileyo. Nangona kukho inkxaso yokuvota yokuqala, umlinganiselo awuphumelelanga 55-45% emva kokuba abachasi bechasa ukuba yayinzima kakhulu. Oku kwabalaselisa indlela impumelelo efunekayo ngayo kungekhona nje inkqubo elungileyo kodwa ilula, unxibelelwano olucacileyo ekuvoteni ukujongana neebhola ezinde.

Amanyathelo Okuqala: Abemi Njengabenzi Bomthetho

Ukucaciswa Kwendlela Yokuqala

Inkqubo [ e-' imela eyona ndlela isebenzayo yedemokhrasi ethe ngqo, ivumela abemi ukuba benze izivumelwano nemithetho ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka komthetho. Eli gunya lokusungula umthetho lahlula idemokhrasi yaseMerika ngqo kwezinye iinkqubo zedemokhrasi ezininzi ehlabathini lonke.

Amashumi amabini anesine amatyala avumela uhlobo oluthile lokuqala, nangona amalungiselelo akhethekileyo ahlukene kakhulu. Le nkqubo iqala ngokulungisa umthetho ocetyiswayo okanye utshintsho lomgaqo-siseko. Olu nyathelo lokwenza idrafti lungangqina ukuba lubalulekile", kwaye lungadala isiphithiphithi esisemthethweni nokuba ngaba abavoti bayaluvumela. Iimeko ezininzi zifuna okanye zikhuthaza icebo lomthetho [ ukuqinisekisa ulwimi olufanelekileyo olusemthethweni.

Ukuhlanganiswa kosayino kumele umqobo ophezulu kakhulu. Iimfuno zoluhlu olusukela ku 3% yamavoti aphoswe kunyulo lokugqibela lwe-gabernality eMassachusetts ukuya kwi-15% kwi-Wyoming. Iziphendu zomGaqo-siseko zifuna utyikityo olungaphezulu kunamanyathelo omthetho. Amanye amazwe amisela iimfuno zokusasaza umhlaba, ukutyikitya okusuka kumabala amaninzi okanye kwimimandla yephondo ukuqinisekisa inkxaso yelizwe ngokubanzi.

I ixesha lotyikityo lokuhlanganisa [[FLT: 1] lahlukile ukusuka kwiintsuku ezingama-64 eMassachusetts ukuya kwixesha elingenasiphelo e-Oregon. Imisebenzi emifutshane eqokelelwa kakuhle enokuqesha abaqokeleli abachwepheshi, ngelixesha ixesha elide yenza ukuba iingca eziphumileyo ziphumelele kwimigudu yamatshana. Amanye amazwe angakuvumeli ukuhlawula utyikityo, ukuzama ukulondoloza uphawu lwengca.

Imibhrashi ethe ngqo. Izindululi ezingangqalanga

Inyathelo eliphambili elithatha inyathelo eliqhelekileyo liqhubekela ngqo kwivoti ekhatyiweyo, igqitha indlu yowiso-mthetho ngokupheleleyo. Le ndlela ibongoza abaxhasi abaqinisekileyo kwinkxaso kawonke-wonke nokungaqiniseki kokuchana kwemithetho. Amanyathelo athe ngqo agcina izicelo zigcineke ingqibelelo kodwa ancamathiselwe amathuba okuphucula ubuchule ngohlalutyo lomthetho.

[[NTL:0] Inyathelo lokuqala elingangqalanga ukuya kwindlu yowiso-mthetho, enokumisela izicelo, ukuzilungisa, okanye ukulandula. Ukuba indlu yowiso-mthetho ayiphumeleli ukwenza ngokwanelisayo, imilinganiselo iqhubekeka kwisixhobo sokusebenza. Le nkqubo ngokwentelekiso idibanisa igalelo lommi kunye nengcali yomthetho, nangona isoloko isenza ukubandezela nje ukuboniswa okungenakuphepheka.

Amanye amaphondo anika zombini iindlela, avumele abaxhasi abaphambili bakhethe indlela yabo. Amanye agunyazisa enye indlela okanye enye. i-'ii-chooce' phakathi ngqo nangangqalanga ibonakalisa iingcamango ezahlukeneyo zedemokhrasi , ubulumko bafuna ulungiso lwemithetho okanye nokuba ngaba iintlawulo zowiso-mthetho ziya kuhlala zihla ngezicelo ezithandwayo.

Amaphulo Anamhlanje

Amaphulo okuthabatha amanyathelo afana nonyulo olufanele ukuqhutywa. abacebisi bamaphulo omsebenzi bawalawula amaqhinga, abavavanyi bemiyalezo, kunye nabacebisi bolwazi-ndaba bavelisa izibhengezo. Ukwenziwa kwamanyathelo obugcisa kuye kwanyusa iindleko ezikhawulezileyo. Ngoku ukhuphiswano lwemali ebhabhadulayo yelizwe ngoku luxabisa izigidi zeerandi.

Ukuhlanganisa utyikityo kuye kwaba ngushishino lwalo. Iinkampani zobugcisa ziqinisekisa ukuba ingqokelela yemali emiselwe amaxabiso, ingakumbi i-5-15 ngosayino kuxhomekeka kubunzima nakwixesha. Ngoxa le ngeniso iqinisekisa ukufumaneka kwento ebangela ukuba kubekho izinto ezintle, abahlalutyi bayiphikisa into ebonakalisa ukuma kwamanyathelo asemthethweni abemi.

Icala lemali kumanyathelo aphambili livelisa impikiswano eqhubekayo. Ngelixesha imida yemali yephulo isebenza kunyulo, iinkundla zidla ngokubetha imida yokuchitha kwimilinganiselo ye-colot njengeyokwaphula intetho ekhululekileyo. Oku kudala iimeko apho abanikeli okanye iinkampani ezinikezelayo zingachitha iimali ezixhasayo okanye eziphikisayo.

Abaphikisi baphume njengeqhinga lokuzikhusela. Xa bejamelene namanyathelo angafunekiyo, abachasi maxa wambi bacebisa amanyathelo akhuphisanayo enzelwe ukudida abavoti okanye ukunikezela ezinye iindlela ezinokusetyenziswa ngendlela elungileyo. Amanyathelo okukhuphisana kweKhalifoniya kwimimiselo yezintso ngo-202020 amisela eli qhinga, kunye namanyathelo axhasa inkxalabo eyahlukeneyo yonyango.

Izinto Eziye Zatshintsha IMerika

ICalifornia's Procence 13 (1978) iselelona nyathelo lobumi elinempembelelo kwimbali yaseMelika. Ngokulinganisela ukwanda kwerhafu yempahla nokufuna intlawulo enkulu kwizithuthi zerhafu, ngokusisiseko yayalela imali yeKhalifoniya yaza yavusa ukuvukela irhafu kwelizwe lonke. Impumelelo yayo yabonisa ukuba abemi banokukwazi ukuphazamisa ulawulo lwemithetho-mthetho kwimithetho esisiseko.

IBhili yeTaxiwarer yaseColorado yamalungelo (TABOR) ngonyaka we-1992 yaya phambili, ifuna ukuba umvoti avumelwe kuyo yonke irhafu yanda kwaye ithintele ukunyuka kwengeniso karhulumente. Iindlela ezintsonkothileyo ze-ATABOR ziye zawunyanzela urhulumente weColorado kangangamashumi amathathu eminyaka, zibonisa indlela ezinokuthi zibangele ngayo utshintsho oludala oludalayo lwesakhiwo [ ukumelana nolungiso lwemithetho.

I- umbutho wokwamkelwa komthetho uphumelele kakhulu ngokuthabatha amanyathelo. Emva kokuba izikhululo zowiso-mthetho zingqineke zingazimisele ukuthatha inyathelo, abameli baphethulela kwidemokhrasi. Inyathelo lokwenza ulonwabo lube semthethweni laphula uthintelo lwento yolo matshini lwenkcitho lwaza lwabangela ukukhutshwa kwemiqathango efanayo ezweni lonke.

Amanyathelo okulingana emtshatweni athetha ibali elintsonkothileyo lotshintsho lwentlalo kwidemokhrasi engqalileyo. Ekuqaleni, abachasi bomtshato osisini omnye basebenzisa inyathelo lokuwuvala kumaphondo amaninzi. Kamva, abaxhasi basebenzisa isixhobo esinye ukukhuthaza ukulingana komtshato. Olu qhubekeko lubonisa indlela [[FLT: 0]] ezinokuthintela ngayo nokuqhubekisela phambili amalungelo abantu ngokweembono zabantu.

Khumbula: Ukuphendula Ngokungqalileyo

Ukuqonda Izinto Ozisebenzisayo

I- imela amandla olawulo-lwazi oluthe ngqo anamandla angaqhelekanga, "amandla olawulo-moya] akhethekileyo.

Uluvo olulishumi elinethoba luvumela ukukhunjulwa kwamagosa asekuhlaleni ngokubanzi, ngelixesha abaninzi abavumelayo bakwinkumbulo zasekuhlaleni. Ezinye izicwangciso zifuna izizathu ezithile ezifana nokuziphethe kakubi okanye ukungafezeki, ngelixesha ezinye zivumela ukukhumbula nangasiphi na isizathu (okanye akukho sizathu konke. " inkumbulo yezobupolitika" ngokuphikisana no'u' [FLT: 2]]" umahluko wokwahlula-mthetho wobukho bedemokhrasi.

Inkqubo yokukhumbula ibandakanya amacandelo amabini: imfanelo nonyulo. Okokuqala, abaxhasi kufuneka baqokelele utyikityo qha, ngokudla ngokufuna 15-25% yamavoti aphoswe kunyulo lokugqibela lwasemthethweni. Lo mqobo uphezulu kunezinyathelo okanye ama-astendendum abonisa ukukhunjulwa kwemeko ephazamisayo. Ixesha lokuqokelela ususela kwi 60 ukuya kwi-180, ngamaxesha amafutshane akhusela amagosa kwizinto ezisongelayo.

Xa ufanelekile, khumbula unyulo luthatha iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Amanye amazwe abamba iivoti ngexesha elinye ekususweni nasekufakweni endaweni, ngelinye ixesha amanye ethatha unyulo olwahlukileyo. Ukusondela kweKhalifoniya (ukuya kweKhalifoniya) ngokukukhumbula ngexesha elinye xa kukhethwa indawo ye-/ikhutshwa/i-anomalous iphumeza iziphumo apho igosa elifumana i-49% lilahlekelwa yinkxaso ethabathelwe endaweni yama-20%.

Imicimbi Yezobupolitika Nendlela Yokukhumbula

Inzame zokuphinda zidlule kakhulu inkumbulo ephumelelayo, enesilela esikhulu sokuqokelela utyikityo olwaneleyo okanye ukuphulukana nevoti. Elinani liphezulu lokungaphumeleli libonakalisa ubunzima benkumbulo nokusetyenziswa kwazo njengemibhiyozo yezobupolitika kunokuba kususwe imigudu enzulu yokususa.

UMiliselo lungqineka lubalulekile kumaphulo okukhumbula. Ukuqalisa kuvumela ixesha elininzi lokudibanisa kodwa kungabonakala ngaphambi kwexesha. Ukulinda amahlazo okanye izigqibo ezingathandwayo kunika izithuba ezingcono kodwa lishiya ixesha elifutshane phambi konyulo oluqhelekileyo. Indawo ehonjisiweyo idla ngokuhla iinyanga eziyi12-18 ukuya kumanani (ixesha elininzi) lokuqalisa izikhalazo kodwa elifanelekileyo elishiyekileyo lobude bexesha elishiyekileyo.

Iinkumbulo ziguqukile zisuka kwiinjongo zazo zokuqala zokulwa ukonakala zibe zizixhobo zemfazwe elwayo. Amaqela ezobupolitika ngoku asebenzisa ukukhumbula ulawulo olungekho mthethweni lwamagumbi owiso-mthetho okanye ukohlwaya amagosa ngenxa yamavoti angathandwayo. Oku kusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kubangele ukuba amanye amazwe athintele ukusetyenziswa okanye ukwandisa iimfuno zosayino.

Imali ekwindawo ebanzi ekwindawo ephezulu ekwindawo ephezulu. izakuqwalaselwa ```iimali''' kunye nezobupolitika'''.' ibangela impikiswano ebalulekileyo. Unyulo olukhethekileyo lubiza izigidi zabahlawuleli ngexa kudala ukungazinzi kukarhulumente. Kwaneenkumbulo ezingaphumelelanga zingenza amagosa ajolise ekulawuleni. Ezi ndleko zikhokelela abaninzi ekujongeni iinkumbulo njengezinto zokugqibela ezinokuzibophelela kumsebenzi.

Inkumbulo Engokwembali Nempembelelo Yayo

[1921] ukukhumbula kweRhuluneli yaseMntla Dakota uLynn Frazier kwaba kukukhumbula kokuqala kwempumelelo kwequmrhu, okuqhutywa yinkcaso ye-socialism-partical Nonpartisan Mague. Oku kukhumbula kwangethuba kwabonisa ukuba izixhobo zezixhobo zemfazwe yemicimbi zinokwenzeka ngaphandle kwemfazwe yokunganyaniseki.

Ukukhumbula kweRhuluneli uGray Davis yowama-2003 kwaguqula imicimbi yezopolitiko. Ukususwa kukaDavis nangona kwakungekho zityholo zokunganyaniseki ngexesha lobunzima bombane kunye nokungahlawulwa koqingqo-mali kwabonisa ukuba kuphela] ukuthandwa kwelizwe kungabangela impumelelo inkumbulo[[. UArnold Schwarzenzegger's cebray-aselvery wabonisa indlela yokukhumbula abangaphandle abanokukwazi ngayo ukulawula.

IWisconsin yowama-2011 ikhumbula imigudu elandela umthetho weRhuluneli uScott Walker ochasene nongquzulwano lwaba yindawo yedabi yesizwe yezobupolitika. Ngeli xesha uWalker wasindayo ekukhumbuleni unyulo lwakhe ngo-2012, abaququzeleli abaliqela belizwe bakhunjulwa ngempumelelo, bebonisa ukuba bakhumbula ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba kwenziwe imithetho kunye nokungaphicotshelwa kwegunya.

I 2021 inkumbulo yaseKhalifoniya ezama ngokuchasene noGavin Newsom, ingaphumeleli ngomda ofanayo kunyulo lwakhe lokuqala, ibonelela imida. Nangona kukho ii-$300 lezigidi ezichithweyo kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye zikhutshelwe kakhulu ngamajelo eendaba, inkumbulo ayiphumelelanga ukoyisa izibalo ezingundoqo kwimo eluhlaza, icebisa ukuba ikhumbula umsebenzi ongcono xa unqumla iilayini ze-RGVGraven.

Uguqu-guquko lwemeko-ngokwesimo

Imilinganiselo Yehlabathi Nezithethe Zezobupolitika

Ukufumaneka nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zedemokhrasi ngokuthe ngqo kulandela imilinganiselo yomzobo nenkcubeko . Amazwe aseNtshona, nelifa lawo leXesha Elihambayo kunye nemizila yethala leencwadi, aquka zonke iindlela ezintathu ezipheleleyo. Amazwe aphakathi entshona abonisa ukuxhamla ngokudibeneyo, ngokufuthi avumela amanyathelo kodwa angakhumbuli. Amazwe aseMpuma naseMazantsi jikelele ayaluthintela okanye athintela ngqo ulawulo-demokhrasi, abonakalisa izithethe ezahlukeneyo zezobupolitika.

Olu lwandiswa lwelizwe alukho ngengozi. Amazwana aseNtshona, akhula ngexesha leNkqubela, adibanisa idemokhrasi engqalileyo kuxwebhu awo okusekwa ngawo. Ulawulo lwawo lwakutshanje luthetha ukuba oomatshini bezobupolitika abanyukileyo abangenamandla angakumbi okuxhathisa utshintsho. uluvo lwangaphambili lokuxhobisa abemi [[FLT: 1]] luhambelana nentanda-bulumko yedemokhrasi ngqo.

Impucuko yezobupolitika inempembelelo enkulu kwindlela oorhulumente abazisebenzisa ngayo izixhobo ezikhoyo. IOregon isebenzisa inyathelo rhoqo kodwa elinqabileyo ukukhumbula. I-Arizona isebenzisa ngokhaphuzo zonke iindlela ezintathu. ICalifornia isakhiwo soshishino soshishino [ ivelisa amanyathelo amaninzi kunyulo ngalunye, ngelixesha iNevada ekufuphi ibona imbalwa kakhulu phezu kwawo naloo malungiselelo.

Ukwahlulwa kolwahlulo lwasedolobheni kuchaphazela umsebenzi wedemokhrasi engqalileyo. Iingingqi zasedolophini, ezinabemi abaxineneyo namaqela alungelelanisiweyo, ziqokelela ngokulula kakhulu intsayino. Abavoti basemaphandleni, nakuba kunjalo, badla ngokugqiba iziphumo, bedala ungquzulwano phakathi kwendawo apho kuvela khona inyathelo nalapho zigqitywe khona.

Umgaqo-siseko wesizwe umisela isiseko sokwahluka okukhulu kwidemokhrasi engqalileyo. Amanye amazwe amisela imiqathango entloko yento , ethintela inyathelo kwimibandela ethile enjengeziqendu, isakhiwo somthetho-siseko, okanye iindibano zomgaqo-siseko. Amanye avumela inyathelo nakweyiphi na into, ekhokelela kumlinganiselo wokugada yonke into ukusuka kumandla enyukliya ukuya kugcina ixesha.

Umthetho oyintloko omnye, ofuna amanyathelo okuthetha ngesihloko esinye kuphela, onenjongo yokuthintela ukuqengqeleka kodwa ubangele imingeni yokutolika. Iinkundla kufuneka zigqibe enoba iimpahla zotshintsho ezibanzi ziyangqubana na neemfuno ezingundoqo, zidla ngokubetha amanyathelo entsonkothileyo kwiinkcubeko zobugcisa kunokuba zibangele imveliso.

[[FLT: 0] Uhlolo lwezonyathelo zomnyaka lwahluka kakhulu ngokombuso. Ezinye iinkundla zilwa nonyanzelo lwamapolisa lokuthobela umGaqo-siseko, ngelixesha ezinye zifuna ukuvota. Olu khetho lwezomthetho okanye uthintelo luchaphazela kakhulu impumelelo ekhawulezileyo kunye neenkqubo zokuxhasa.

Amandla omthetho okuguqula ahlukile ngokuphawulekayo. Amanye amazwana awalela imithetho yowiso-mthetho esuka kumanyathelo ovoti abarhoxileyo ngaphandle kwemvume yomvoti olandelayo. Amanye avumela utshintsho lomthetho emva kwamaxesha okulinda okanye ngemisebenzi emikhulu. Le mithetho imisela enoba uloyiso lokuqala lungokwaphakade okanye lokwexeshana.

Ucelomngeni Lwanamhlanje Notshintsho Lwamanani

Impembelelo yobuxhakaxhaka kulawulo-melo oluthe ngqo

Utshintsho lwamanani luguqulwe ngokwemo-mfantu [[FLT: 0] indlela idemokhrasi esebenza ngokungqalileyo ngayo, nangona izakhiwo zomthetho zingayigcinanga isantya. Ukuhlanganisa utyikityo lwangaphakathi, ngeli xesha kunokwenzeka ngokobugcisa, kujongwa imiqathango esemthethweni kumazwe amaninzi efuna utyikityo oluphathekayo. I-COVID-19 igalelo elinyanzelelwa kwindawo zokuhlala zokwexeshana, kodwa utshintsho olusisigxina luhlala lunzima.

Iphulo losasazo lwentlalo-ntle liguqule ucwangciso kunye nokuthumela imiyalezo. Amaphulo amaqela aphezulu anokuhamba ngentsholongwane ebusuku, inkxaso yokwakha ngaphandle kwezibonelelo zesithethe. Noko ke, le santya sinye senza [[FLT: 0] ikwazi ukusasazwa ngokuphandle kwenkohliso [[[FLT: 1] malunga nemilinganiselo yokuvota, ibangela kube nzima ukuvota.

Ubhengezo lwamanani luvumela ukufakwa kwento encinane engazange ibonwe ngabavoti, kodwa lukwanyusa inkxalabo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwemali kunye nempembelelo emnyama. Ubuchule bokubonisa imiyalezo eyahlukeneyo kubavoti abahlukeneyo esekelwe kwiimbono zogcino-lwazi eziziingcinga ezingokwesithethe zokucingisiswa kwabantu ngemiba yokusebenza.

ukuvota okungagqibekanga kumanyathelo kungathiwa kunokwenza idemokhrasi esoloko ikho, kodwa ukhuseleko kunye nolwahlulo lwamanani luthintele ukuphunyezwa. Uvavanyo lwe-estonia lokusebenza ngedemocracy lunika imizekelo, kodwa ulawulo lwamaMelika kunye nokhuseleko lungabangela ukuba ukwamkelwa komntu kube nzima.

Imali, Impembelelo Nengqibelelo Engokobuthixo

Icala lemali kwidemokhrasi engqalileyo liye laqalisa ukuphikisana ngokukhula kwemali. Amaphulo okuthabatha inyathelo ali-120 eKhalifoniya achithelwe ngaphezu ko $785 ezigidi zidibene, enciphisa iinntlalo ezininzi zengingqi. Oku kuchitha iinzuzo zogqatso lwezixhobo kungenelo lwezityebi kwaye kusenokwenzeka bonakalisa intsingiselo yedemokhrasi.

Impembelelo engachananga ngemibutho yesizwe kunye nabanikeli baphakamisa imibuzo malunga nolawulo lwedemokhrasi yasekuhlaleni. Xa iNew York ibhiliyoni yee-aires ixhasa amanyathelo eMontana okanye imibutho yaseKhalifoniya ixhasa i-Oregon, elawulwa yidemokhrasi. Le mida iphembelela iingcamango ezingokwesithethe zolawulo lorhulumente.

Amanyathelo afihlakeleyo njengemibutho yabemi anciphisa ukuthembana kwabantu. Xa amaphulo abonakala ngathi ziingca ezingca zingumsebenzi owenyani-nyani axhaswa yimizi- mveliso efuna ukukhululeka kolawulo, abavoti bayazama ukufumanisa amanyathelo okwenyaniso anxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwenkampani.

Imali emnyama equkunjelwa phakathi kwama-501(c)(4) imibutho efihla imithombo yenkxaso-mali yamaphulo amaninzi. Abaxhasi basenokungabazi abaphambili kunyathelo lokuthatha inyathelo de kube emva konyulo, ukuba ikhe yafika. Oku kufinyeza kululaza ukwenza isigqibo solawulo-bumelo olunolwazi kwaye kwenza ukuba impembelelo yenkampani ibe.

Ukuntsonkotha Noqoqosho Lwezixhobo Zokuvelisa Izixhobo

Umlinganiselo wale mihla ubandakanya [[FLT: 0] imiba yobugcisa ephezulu ngaphaya kobuchule obuninzi babavoti. Xa kuqalwa intetho yerhafu entsonkothileyo, imigaqo yemigaqo, okanye imibuzo yenzululwazi, abavoti bangenza izigqibo zolwazi? Lo mcimbi wobuchule ucela ubuchule obuchanekileyo bobukho bobuGawulayo bobulumko.

Umlinganiselo wolwimi lwebhola, olusoloko lubhalwe ngamagama asemthethweni, lungadida abavoti. Uphando lubonisa ukuba abavoti abaninzi abaqondi ukuba bavotelwa ntoni, baxhomekeke kukhetho olusuka kubaquququzeleli okanye kwimiqathango yokuxhasa. Lo msantsa wokuqonda phakathi kwenjongo nokuqonda unciphisa igunya ledemokhrasi.

Ubude kunye nenani lamanyathelo ebhola eninzi kwamanye amazwe atsala abavoti. Ibhola yeqela ngamanye amaxesha iquka uninzi lwezwe kunye nolwasekuhlaleni, ngalinye elinenkcazelo ende. Ukudinwa okunesandi kukhokelela ekuweni, apho abavoti abaninzi batsiba amanyathelo okudlala ibhola ngokupheleleyo, ukunciphisa inxaxheba yedemokhrasi.

Umgangatho wolwazi malunga namanyathelo evoti ahlukene ngokungalawulekiyo. Ngoxa abalawuli benikela iinkcazelo ezisemthethweni, abavoti abaninzi baxhomekeke kwizibhengezo, ezisenokulahlekisa okanye zisebenzise ubuchule. Ucelomngeni lokunika inkcazelo echanileyo, efikelelekayo malunga namanyathelo anzima luhlala lungalungiswa.

Ukwenza Ulawulo - melo Olungqalileyo Lusebenze Kakuhle

Izindululo Zotshintsho Nezindululo

Iinguquko ezahlukeneyo zingacombulula imingeni yangoku engqalileyo yedemokhrasi ngeli lixa igcina iinzuzo zayo. uvotelo oluneenjongo zokuvota phambi kokuba lunikezele abavoti ngolwazi olungcono ngengxubusho ecwangcisiweyo neengcali kunye nabemi abangoowethu. Izazi ze-Oregon's Initive Leaderture Review zinika imodeli enye, zidala amacandelo ahlola amanyathelo kwaye zinikezele ukhokelo lwabemi.

Utyikityo lokuphucula ukuqokelela lungabuyisela uphawu lwengca ngexesha uhlala ungena. Ukuvumela ukuhlanganisa kwi-intanethi ngokuqinisekisa okufanelekileyo kunganciphisa iindleko kunye nokwandisa inxaxheba. Okanye, ukunika inkxaso-mali kawonke wonke okanye ubuncwane bokudibanisa utyikityo kungahlisa iindawo zokudlala phakathi kweengca ezintsontela kunye nemigudu yenkampani.

[[NTL: 0] ICampaign xhasa utshintsho olungqalileyo kwimilinganiselo yebhola ingathetha ngeendleko ezilahlekileyo. Iinketho ziquka inkxaso-mali kawonke-wonke, ukuchitha imida (ukuba ngumgaqo-siseko), okanye imilinganiselo eyongezelelekileyo. Abanye bacebisa ukunceda amaphulo omlinganiselo okulinganisa njengemibutho yenjongo yokuzinzisa ulawulo.

Ukwenza lula ulwimi lwevoti kunye nokubonisa kunokuphucula ukuqonda umvoti. Iimfuno zolwimi olucacileyo, iifomati ezisemgangathweni, kunye neenkonzo ezibonelwayo zinganceda abavoti baqonde amanyathelo anzima. Ezinye iindawo zizama ukukhombisa abavoti bevidiyo okanye izixhobo zokusebenzisana kwi-intanethi.

Ukukhusela Ingqibelelo Yolawulo - melo

Ukukhusela idemokhrasi ngqo ekusebenziseni i-group kufuneka iindlela ezininzi. imfuno ezifunyanisiweyo [ zingabonisa imithombo yemali ngexesha lokwenene, hayi emva konyulo. Amanani ogcino-lwazi anokufumana iphulo kwi-intanethi. Impembelelo yamazwe angaphandle ingathintela ukungenelela kwezizwe ngezizwe.

Isixokelelwano sokukhangela inyaniso kunye nenyaniso zingalwa nokungachananga malunga neemilinganiselo yokuthatha ibhola. Iikhomishini ezizimeleyo zingahlola umlinganiselo womlinganiselo wokuchana. Iintlangano zamajelo eendaba zingabeka indawo engaphambili yomlinganiselo webhayisekile. Iiqonga zezentlalo-ntle zingaphembelela iingxelo zobuxoki malunga namanyathelo.

Uhlolo lwetyala oluqinisayo ngeli xesha kubhekiselele kumvoti kuza kufuna ulungelelwano olucoselelekileyo. Uhlolo lwangaphambi kokhetho lungachaza iingxaki zomGaqo-siseko phambi kokuba amaphulo achithe izigidi. Uhlolo lokhetho lwasemva kufuneka lube ngexesha elifanelekileyo kodwa lucokise. IiNkundla zifuna imilinganiselo ecacileyo yokuvavanya amanyathelo ovoti avunyiweyo.

Ukukhusela amalungelo amancinane kulawulo - melo oluthe ngqo kuninzi kuhlala kulucelomngeni. Imida yezomGaqo-siseko, uhlalutyo lomthetho, neemfuno zobugcisa zinikela ukhuseleko oluthile, kodwa ukuxabana phakathi kolawulo oluqhelekileyo namalungelo omntu ngamnye kuyaqhubeka.

Isiphelo: Yintoni Izakhelo Nezinto Ezikhumbulekayo?

Ukuqonda ii-arhente, amanyathelo, kwaye ikhumbula kuthetha ukuqonda amandla awo amakhulu edemokhrasi kunye nokungalawuleki kwawo. Ezi zixhobo zedemokhrasi ezithe ngqo zinika abemi amandla angenakuthelekiswa nanto okubumba imithetho, ukubhukuqa izigqibo zemithetho, kunye nokususa amagosa aphambukileyo. Zisebenza njengezikhuseli zokhuseleko ezibalulekileyo xa urhulumente omele urhulumente engaphumeleli ukubonisa umnqweno othandwayo, wenza iinguqulelo zoxolo ngezixhobo zembumbulu kunokuba ziphumeze iimbumbulu.

Imbali yedemokhrasi engqalileyo yaseMelika ityhila impumelelo ekhuthazayo kunye nokusilela kobulumkisi. Abahlali baye basebenzisa ezi zixhobo ukufikelela kwiinguqu ezinokuthi izindlu zowiso-mthetho zingazimiselanga `ukusingisa abafazi ekugunyazisweni komsayini. Kwakhona baye bazisebenzisa ekukhuthazeni ucalucalulo, ekukhuseleni izilangazelelo ezikhethekileyo, nasekudaleni ukungalungelelani kolawulo-melo. Le ngxelo idibeneyo ibonisa ukuxinana kwedemokhrasi phakathi kolawulo lolawulo-melo oluqhelekileyo namalungelo amancinane, phakathi kobulumko bomguli kunye nomthetho wehlolo.

Imingeni ngezantsi kwempembelelo yemali, ukuphazamiseka kobugcisa, ukuntsonkotha okukhulayo , ukusetyenziswa kwedemokhrasi ngokungqalileyo. Xa iinkampani zedemokhrasi ezizizigidi ze-dilone zithenge ukufikelela noloyiso, xa unxibelelwano lwezentlalo lusasaza ulwazi oluphosakeleyo ngokukhawuleza kunenyaniso, xa amanyathelo okusebenza kwemali efuna ubuchule obuninzi lwabavoti-mali, anokuyiphumeza injongo yayo? Le mingeni ifuna ukuphuhliswa notshintsho, hayi ukulahlwa komthetho wabemi.

Kubemi ngabanye, ezi zixhobo zisenamandla okuthabatha inxaxheba kwezobupolitika ngaphandle kokuvota abo baza kubhaptizwa. Ukuqonda indlela yokusebenzisa i-arhente, amanyathelo, kunye nokukhumbula (okanye) ukukhusela ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwabo (ukusetyenziswa kakubi kolwazi oluyimfuneko) loluntu. Ukuba kuqokelelwa imityikitho, kukhutshwa iphulo, okanye kubhaliswa nje kuphela, abemi ababandakanyeke ngokungqalileyo kwikamva ledemokhrasi labo.

Indlela engaphambili ifuna ukulungelelanisa idinga ledemokhrasi elithe ngqo nohlolo olululo lomlinganiselo wayo. Asiyonto yonke evumelana noeyee-okanye-okanye-novti. Asiyonto yonke into ethandwayo elumkileyo okanye esesikweni. Asinguye ummi ngamnye othatha inyathelo elibonakalisa iimvakalelo zokwenyani zengca. Ukuqonda ezi ndawo ngeli lixa ugcina imisebenzi efunekayo yedemokhrasi ivavanywa ngabemi kunye namaziko.

Ekugqibeleni, izixhobo zedemokhrasi ezithe ngqo azilungile okanye azikho zilungileyo okanye azikho zimbi, zizezezobundlobongela njengabemi abazisebenzisayo. Xa zisetyenziswa ngolwazelelelo ngabemi abanolwazi olunzulu ukuze kungenelwe uluntu oluzizo, zingafumana utshintsho olubalaseleyo kwaye zigcine igunya linetyala. Xa zisetyenziswa ngokukrwada zizinto ezikhethekileyo okanye ihlokondiba, zinokuthoba urhulumente omela abameli namalungelo abantu. Umahluko uxhomekeke kubuchule babo kodwa kwindlela abemi abakhetha ngayo ukuzisebenzisa ngayo.

Njengokuba idemokhrasi yaseMerika ijongene neengxaki ezintsha ``ukungathembani, ukungathembani, ukuphazamiseka kwezixhobo zedemokhrasi) zezobugcisa zinika amathuba neengozi zombini. Zinokubangela ukuba abemi bakwazi ukusungula ingxubevange xa iindlu zowiso-mthetho zibotshwa, okanye zingenza amacandelo anzulu ngokufumana zonke iivoti kwiimbambano. Zingabuyisela ukholo kurhulumente ozimeleyo, okanye zinokubanjwa zizinto ezikhethekileyo ezizonakonakalisa idemokhrasi.

Ikamva le-arhente, amanyathelo, kwaye ikhumbula lixhomekeke kubemi abaqondayo nababandakanyeka nabo ngenkathalo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuphanda ngemilinganiselo yebhola ngokucokisekileyo, ukuthabatha inxaxheba ekuqulungwini, nokusondela kukhumbula ngokusengqiqweni. Kuthetha ukuxhasa utshintsho oluphuculayo kunokuba luthintele ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabemi. Okubaluleke kakhulu, kuthetha ukuvuma ukuba idemokhrasi ayiyo indawo karhulumente ongummeli kodwa isixhobo sokusetyenziswa ngobuchule xa abameli bengameleli.

Kubo bafuna ukuqonda nokubandakanyeka kwidemokhrasi yaseMerika, ukwazi ezi zixhobo zokuthabatha inxaxheba ngqo kubalulekile. Bamela idemokhrasi ngokungqalileyo //iindawo ezikhokeleyo ezenza imithetho, ukuqwalasela izenzo zikarhulumente, nokugcina amagosa ephendula ngaphandle konxibelelwano. La mandla angqalileyo athwala imbopheleleko engqalileyo: ukusebenzisa ezi zixhobo ngobulumko, ukuhlonela ulawulo oluninzi namalungelo amancinane, nokusukela okulungileyo kwabantu kunokuba kungenelwe ngasese. Ngokuqonda nokusebenzisa la mandla ngendlela ehloniphekileyo, abemi baphumeza ubizo oluphezulu lwedemokhrasi: ukulawula kwabo ngokwabo.

Ongezelelweyo Oovimba

Kubemi abanomdla wokufunda okungakumbi ngezixhobo zedemokhrasi ezithe ngqo kumaphondo abo, iNgqungquthela yesizwe yeMasipala (NCSL) inikela iinkcukacha zombuso ezibanzi ngenkqubela, i-tempendim, kunye nengcebiso yokukhumbula amalungiselelo. Ballotteia[ inika ugcino-ndlela oluneenkcukacha lwemilinganiselo yangoku nembali, inceda uphando lovoti-lwazi nokuqonda imiqathango abaya kujongene nayo ngoSuku lokhetho.

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