Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu akuselona usongo olukude; kuyinto engokoqobo yamanje futhi esheshayo emadolobheni aphesheya kwe-United Kingdom. Kusukela ezikhukhuleni ezibhubhisayo eNyakatho kuya e-iphesenti, amadolobha ase-UK abhekene nemiphumela eqondile yeplanethi efudumalayo. Ama-maya nabaholi bendawo basemaphethelweni aphambili alesi simo esibucayi, asebenza ngokuvikela izigidi zezakhamuzi, izakhiwo ezibucayi, kanye nezomnotho zendawo. Ukukwazi ukubheka izakhiwo zemvelo edolobheni, ukujwayela, ukujwayela, ukujwayela, nokululama ngokushesha ezimweni eziphazamisayo. Lesi sihloko sihlola indima eyinhloko yokwakhiwa kwamameya edolobha ekwakheni amadolobhulobhulo, ukuhlola izindlela eziqinile, kanye nezinyathelo ezivelele emhlabeni.

Ukuqonda Ukubuyela Edolobheni Ngezinga Eliyi - UK

Ukuzimela edolobheni kungaphezu nje kwe-gundane; kuyisimiso esibanzi sokusinda nokuchuma enkathini yokungahleleki kwesimo sezulu. Emadolobheni ase-UK, ukuzivuselela kuhlanganisa izakhiwo ezingokomzimba, ukubambisana kwezenhlalo, ukuvumelana kwezomnotho, kanye nokulawula. Umqondo usekelwe emakhonweni esimiso sedolobha sokulondoloza imisebenzi eyisisekelo yezobuchwepheshe (njengezinto zokuthutha, amandla, ukutholakala kwamanzi, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, kanye nezinkonzo zesimo esiphuthumayo) − ukuvivinya kanye nenhlekelele yesimo sezulu esinzima noma inhlekelele yemvelo.

Kungani lokhu kuphuthuma kakhulu emadolobheni e-UK? Izindawo zase-UK Climate Transform Assessment ye-2023 Independent Committee of UK Climate Disease[ ziveza izikhukhula, intuthu, ukuswelakala kwamanzi, nokuguguleka kogu lolwandle njengezingozi eziphakeme kakhulu. Izindawo zase-Uganda zikhulisa lezingozi: imfucumfucumfucu yamanzi ephezulu, ukushisa kwesiqhingi sasedolobheni kunciphisa ukushisa kwemibhobhoshongo, futhi imiphakathi yakhona ibangela izinselele zokuthutha. Izindawo zezomnotho zinkulu. Izindawo zokuhlala zilinganisela ukuthi [[FLT:] eyodwa ezicishini ezingeni eziyisithupha eNgilandi [[FLD3] isengozini yokugcwala, futhi izindleko zaminyaka yonke yemfucumfucumfula zingenisa imfuculo yezindawo kakade, inqwaba yezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezezezezezeze.

Izinsika Ezine Zokubuyela Emadolobheni

Ukukwazi ukumelana namadolobha okuphumelelayo kuxhomeke ezinsikeni ezine ezincikene, zonke ezidinga ukuhola kwemeya:

  • Ukukwazi ukusekela izakhiwo: ukuklama nokulungisa izinto ezingokoqobo (izindawo ezingaphandle, amabhuloho, ukukhipha amanzi, izintambo zikagesi, izimiso zendle (ukumelana nezimo ezimbi kakhulu.)
  • Ukukwazi ukumelana nobunzima: Imiphakathi esizayo inolwazi, imithombo yemali, kanye nezokuxhumana okusekelana ngaphambi, phakathi nangemva kwenkinga, nangemva kwayo.
  • Ukukwazi ukumelana nezomnotho: Ukuhlukanisa umnotho wendawo nokwakha izimiso zemali (umz., izimali zokuzimela, umshuwalense) owenza ukululama ngokushesha.
  • Ukukwazi ukumelana nomthetho: unika uhulumeni wendawo amandla ngegunya elicacile, amacebo aqinile, nokuvumelana noshintsho lapho kuvela izinsongo ezintsha.

Lezinsika azisebenzi eSilos. Udonga oluqinile lwesivikelo (izakhiwo) alusizi uma izakhamuzi zingawazi umzila wokuthutha (wezenhlalo) noma uma amabhizinisi engakwazi ukukwazi ukuthatha indawo ethile (ngokomnotho). Abadayisi basendaweni ehlukile ukuze bahlanganise lemicu.

Indima Eyandayo Yezigebengu Ekulungiseleleni Inhlekelele

Imeya ye-UK iye yaba abadlali abanamandla kakhulu ekuhleleni ukumelana nokuzimela, ikakhulukazi kusukela izivumelwano zokususa ushintsho ezadala amameya emeya ezindawo ezihlangene. Laba baholi balawula izindleko zokuthutha, amasu ezindlu, intuthuko yezomnotho, kwezinye izimo nokuhlela izinto okuphuthumayo. Banesibopho sokuhlelwa kwezinhlelo ezicacile zemishini futhi bangenza ngokushesha kuneWhitehall lapho kuqala izinhlekelele zendawo.

Nokho, indima ikhona ngaphandle kokucindezeleka. Ama-mayor kumelwe alinganisele izivumelwano zokuzimela ezithatha isikhathi eside ekumelaneni nokucindezela kwezombangazwe okufushane kwemisebenzi ebonakalayo. Kumele futhi basebenzise indawo ehlukene: imikhandlu yezifunda, iziphathimandla ze-union, izinkonzo zesimo esiphuthumayo, i-Agency yeMbiko ne-Met zonke zinemithwalo ehleleneyo. Imeya ephumelelayo yakha izinxulumani, i-acripticss phakathi kwezinhlangano ezihlukene nemisele yezimali.

Imithwalo Yemfanelo Yommese Ekuholeni

  • Ukubona okungaqondakali kanye nomholi wezimiso: Ukubeka indlela ecacile nenamandla yokuzivumelanisa nesimo sezulu nokuzinza, ngokuvamile ngezincwadi ezinjenge-Steemeaged Emergency Plan yedolobha noma indlela ye-Resilience Forum.
  • Imithombo ihlukaniselwa ukuhlelwa nokuhlelwa kwemali ngaphambi kokuhlelwa: ikhetha indlela yokusebenzisa izimali ezilinganiselwe] -- kungathatha izindonga ezintsha zamanzi ukuthatha indawo yokuqala kunengxenye engaphezulu ye-tramline? Ama-maya enza lokhu kuhweba kungabikho nsuku zonke.
  • [[[QUTY:0] ukuthembisana nokuxhumana komphakathi: Ukusebenzisa indawo yabo yesikhulumi ukuze baphaphamele ukuqapha, bakhuthaze ukulungiselela kwasekhaya, futhi bakhulume kabi ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo.
  • Ukuxhasa ukuxhasa ukuxhasa kwesizwe ngemali kanye nemibuso: Uhulumeni ophethe ukutshala imali ezimisweni ezinkulu zamanzi, izivikelo zogu, kanye nezibonelelo eziqinile. Inhlangano kaHulumeni ye-Lonkel inikeza izwi elihlangene lalezizicelo.
  • Ukumisa phakathi kwezinhlangano: Ukuhlalisa i-meamons yendawo, ukusebenza ne-Evironment Agency, izinkonzo eziphuthumayo, i-NHS, kanye nezinkampani zezethuthi ukuqinisekisa ukusabela okuhlangeneyo.

Izinyathelo Zokwakha Ukululama Edolobheni

Akukho cebo elingavikela idolobha kuzo zonke izenzakalo ezimbi kakhulu, kunalokho, imeya kumelwe ithumele isikhungo esinezindawo ezihambelana nedolobha layo, inani lamanani nezingozi. Ngezansi kunezinyathelo eziphumelela kakhulu, ezibonisa ukuthi amadolobha ase-UK ahamba phambili.

Izisekelo Nezimpahla Ezifanele

Ubunjiniyela obuqinile buseyindawo eqinile yesikhukhula nesivikelo sesiphepho. I-Thames Barrier iyisibonelo esidume kakhulu, kodwa amadolobha ase-UK afaka imali esizukulwaneni esisha sezokuvikela: izimiso zokukhipha amanzi ezingashintshwayo (SuDS), imigwaqo eqinile, nophahla oluluhlaza olunciphisa indawo engaphezulu. Ngokwesibonelo, iBristol, iye yahlanganisa i-SuDS yaba yimisebenzi emisha yokuthuthukisa, idinga wonke amasu amakhulu okulawula imvula endaweni yayo. AmaMaysterese neWest York aye asekela ukwakha izigodi zezikhukhula nezindonga zomfula.

Ngaphandle kwezikhukhula, isisekelo sihlanganisa izakhiwo ezivikela ukushisa (ezivikela uphahla oluluhlaza, izingcwecwe ezibonisa umoya, kanye nokungenisa umoya wemvelo), ukuqinisa izimpawu zamandla ezimelana neziphepho, nokuphakamisa amazinga omgwaqo neziporo abucayi phezu kwamathafa anesikhukhula. Izindleko ziphakeme, kodwa umonakalo ongagwenywayo wesenzakalo esisodwa esikhulu ungayifiphaza imali izikhathi eziningana.

Izakhiwo Eziluhlaza Neluhlaza

Amakhambi asekelwe emvelweni aqashelwa kakhulu njengamathuluzi okuzivuselela abizayo afeza izinjongo eziningi. Amapaki asedolobheni, amaxhaphozi, nezihlahla zasemgwaqweni zibamba amanzi anesiphepho, aphansi amazinga okushisa aphezulu, athuthukisa izinga lomoya, futhi anikeze izindawo zokuzilibazisa. Amadolobha anjenge Glasgow neBirmingham anezinhlelo eziphambili zokutshala izihlahla kanye nemisebenzi yokulungisa umfula. "I-blueblue" ihlanganisa izici zamanzi neluhlaza okwenhlaza; umzila we-Greenfrature Stracture [[ inguqualist] inguery ehambayo ephambili, ihlose ukuhloselisa i-otapolayenzile yedolobha, iluhlaza, neyaluyane.

Ama-mayter angasheshisa izakhiwo eziluhlaza ngokuzifaka esimisweni sokuhlela, aphawule indawo yomkhandlu ukuze ibhujiswe, futhi ixhaswe ngezimali ezivela emithonjeni enjenge I-Climate Fund[. Ukubophana komphakathi kubalulekile: amaqembu endawo agcina amapaki angena ephaketheni kanye nezingadi zemvula, akha ukuqina komphakathi kanye nokuzinza kwemvelo.

Ukwaziswa, Ubuchwepheshe Nezimiso Zokuxwayisa Ezisheshayo

I-Divince yanamuhla i-Dibrary-driven. I-Gographic Information Systems (GIS) ivumela amadolobha ukuba ahlele ingozi yezikhukhula, ukushisa okungalawuleki, nezindlela zokuthutha ngesikhathi sangempela. I-Ofisi ye-UK Met inikeza izixwayiso zesimo sezulu esinzima, kodwa incazelo yendawo nokusakaza kuyingozi. Abaqondisi bangafaka imali ezinzweni ezisedolobheni, izilinganiso zemifula, ne-CCTV ezifakwa emagumbini okulawula imishini esetshenziswa abahleli besimo esiphuthumayo.

Izinhlelo eziveza umphakathi ne-SMS zingaxwayisa izakhamuzi ngezikhukhula ezizayo noma ukushisa okukhulu. E-Newcastle e-Tyne, umkhandlu usebenzisa isimiso sokuxwayisa izakhamuzi ezigunjini ezikhungweni zamanzi, ngokuzenzakalelayo zinikeze iseluleko ngemiyalezo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwemininingwane yezwe nokuhlelwa kolwazi lwezwe kusiza ukusabela okusheshayo, okunembe kakhudlwana, okusindisa ukuphila.

Ukuhlanganyela Komphakathi Nokubambisana Komphakathi

Ukuzivumelanisa nezindawo kwakhiwa abantu, hhayi ukhonkolo. Amameya angathuthukisa isiko lokuzilungiselela ngemikhankaso yomphakathi, izinhlelo zesikole, kanye nezinhlangano zokuzithandela. Amaqembu okusabela esimweni esiphuthumayo somphakathi (ama-CERT) kwamanye amadolobha aqeqesha izakhamuzi ezivamile ngosizo lokuqala oluyisisekelo, ukuhambisa izicathulo zesanti, nokuxhumana ngomsakazo. Lamaqembu athuthukisa izibopho ezinciphisa isizungu kanye nokuzehlukanisa.

Ukuthembisana okuphumelelayo kudinga ukufinyelela amaqembu asengozini − izakhamuzi ezikhubazekile, abantu abakhubazekile, lezo ezihola imali ephansi, nezingashicileli. Ukuguqula izinto, ukubhola okufinyelelekayo, nokusebenza nabaholi bomphakathi kubalulekile. ESheffield, umkhandlu usebenza namaqembu okholo kanye namanhlangano omakhelwane ukuze asabe amathuluzi alungisiwe futhi ugcine izingqwembe zaminyaka yonke zokuzimela.

Ukuvumelana Kwezomnotho Nokuzinza Kwebhizinisi

Izinhlekelele zivala amabhizinisi, zichitha imisebenzi, zikhuphula izikhungo zentela zendawo. Abameli bezentengiselwano abacabangayo bakhuthaza amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi ukuba athuthukise amasu okuqhubeka, anikeze imali ezitolo ezivikela ukhukhulela, futhi asungule imali yokukhokha imali egciniwe. Ukuzimela kwezomnotho edolobheni lonke kusho futhi ukugwema ukuncika kakhulu engxenyeni eyodwa; izomnotho ezihlukene zivuseleleka ngokushesha ekushayweni yizi.

Umshuwalense ungenye i-ulce ebucayi. Icebo le-UK’s Flood Re linikeza izinzuzo ezibizayo zamakhaya aphakeme, kodwa izakhiwo zezentengiselwano zivame ukulwa kanzima. Amameya angasekela ukuhlanganisa nokusekelana kwemifanekiso yomshuwalense phakathi kwamabhizinisi endawo. Post-disster, ukusekela okushesha kwezimali , izintela, ukunikeza izinhlelo zokuhlenga-"indlela yokulungisa ibhizinisi eliqinile'ugcina imoto ihleliwe ngesikhathi ukulungiswa kwezekwenziwe.

Ukuhlola Icala: Ukuhola Kwe - mayoral Kuyasebenza

Ngaphesheya kwe-UK, amameya abonisa ukuthi ukuhola okuqhubekayo nokungaguquguquki kushintsha amadolobha asuke ekululameni abuye avuke. Ngezansi kunezibonelo ezintathu eziqinile.

ILondon: IBarrier YaseThames Nangalé Kwayo

Njengedolobha lembulunga yonke elibhekene nokwenyuka kwamazinga olwandle nezikhukhula ezikhuphukayo, iLondon iye yasebenzisa imali eningi ekuziyiseleni. I-Thames Barrier ivikela i-Central London ekuvuthuzelweni yisiphepho, kodwa umklamo wayo wakuqala unwetshwa ngenxa yokunakekela okunzima. Nokho, inhlokodolobha ibhekene nosongo oluyingozi: amanzi akhuphuka phezulu ngenxa yemvula ekhuphukayo ekhuphukayo. I-Climateation Etractive Eroundation Stract [[ ibiza i-"injini yedolobha lemponge" ebanzi" ukusondela ku-------ase-atme , ukwandisa uphahla oluluhlaza, kanye nokwehlayo oluqinile.

Izindlela ezithile zemeya zihlanganisa i-London Drainage Programme (amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-200 athembise iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-25), i-Green Grid ye-net exhumanisa amapaki ukuze ithathe i-inchoff, ne-London Climate Resilience Review eyakhishwa ngo-2024. Imeya ibuye ihlalise i-London Resilience Forum, ehlanganisa zonke izinkonzo zokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izikhulu zezokuthutha, kanye nezinga lokuhlola izinhlelo eziphuthumayo minyaka yonke.

IGreater Manchester: Ukuhlela Okuphuthumayo Okungahlelekile

Ngemva kweSikhukhula soSuku Lwebhokisingo ngo-2015, esacekela phansi izingxenye zedolobha, iMaya yase Greater Manchester, i-Andy Burnham, yenza ukuzimela kwaba yiyona nto eyinhloko. I-Greater Manchestered Authority yamisa iqembu elinikezelwe lokuzimela futhi yakhipha iSiteshini esibanzi [ esihlanganisa imikhandlu eyishumi. Icebo ligxila ekulawuleni izingozi zemvula, ekuhleleni i-firwave, nasekulungiseleleni umphakathi.

Omunye umsebenzi owenziwe yi-"Wigan Flammer Resilience Programme", ehlanganisa izindonga ezikhukhulayo kanye nezikhungo zemvelo zokulawula izikhukhula"ukuveza amadamu avuzayo nokutshala imithi emabhandeni ukuze kunciphe imvula. Umphathi wedolobha wasungula futhi "Imali Yokuxhasa Imali" enikeza iziphakamiso ezisheshayo emikhayeni nasemabhizinisini ngemva kokukhukhula, ukudlula kwenqubo ye-bitaucratic. Ukubophela kwesizwe kuhlanganisa "Isonto Lokuhlala Phambili" nokuhambela kwesikole, imibukiso yomphakathi, nezindawo zomphakathi ezisebenzayo emabhokisini nasemshuwashini wosizo.

IBristol: Iphayona Elifundisayo Eliluhlaza

Umphathi we-Bristol okhethwe ngokuqondile uye wasebenzisa amandla okuhlela ukuze aphoqelele uphahla oluluhlaza kuzo zonke izenzakalo ezinkulu. Idolobha lidinga noma yisiphi isakhiwo esingaphezu kwamamitha-skwele angu-1000 ukuze kuhlale uphahla oluluhlaza noma iziphakamiso zelanga, inkambiso enciphisa ukushisa kwesiqhingi ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi imunca amanzi emvula. I-Bristol futhi ifakwe e-"Bristol Avon Frandment Strategy", ukubambisana ne-Mbiko ye-Mphakathi yedolobha ne-Agency ethuthukisa izikhungo zesivikelo.

I-"One City Plan" ihlanganisa ukujwayela isimo sezulu njengesihloko esinqamule i-menu, esinezisulu ezithile zokukhishwa kwenethi kanye nokuzinza. I-nethi yokuzimela komphakathi ("Bristol Community Resilience""" iyisifanekiso sezisebenzi zokuzithandela esiye saveliswa kwamanye amadolobha. Inikeza ukuqeqeshwa, ukudweba imithombo, nendawo ephezulu ezindaweni ezihlala abantu ukuze bahlanganyele izixwayiso zesikhukhula.

Ukunqoba Izithiyo: Ukuxhasa Izimali, Ezombangazwe, Nokubambisana

Naphezu kwezinzuzo ezicacile, amameya abhekene nezithiyo ezinkulu. Ukuxhasa imali kuseyisithiyo esiphikelelayo. Imisebenzi emikhulu yezemisebenzi idinga izibopho zeminyaka eminingi ezingaphazamiseka ngokuhlola ukuchithwa kwemali yesizwe. ISikhungo sikahulumeni seDefence Grant in Aid sincintisana, futhi amadolobha ngokuvamile kudingeka avumelane ngezintela zomkhandlu wendawo noma ukuboleka. AmaMaya kufanele abe yingcweti emithonjeni eminingi efuna imithombo: i-Endal Agency, iNational Lottery Heritage Fund, abathuthukisi bezindlu ngezivumelwano ze-Ingxenye 106, kanye nababengikazi abazimele ngemibo eluhlaza.

Inkathi emfutshane yezombangazwe ingenye inselele. Umphathi-meya ofaka imali eningi ekuvikeleni izikhukhula angabona iholo elikhona phakathi kwegama leminyaka emihlanu. Ukusekela komphakathi kungancipha uma isambatho sibonakala singabonakali − kuze kube isikhukhula esilandelayo, lapho ukungabikho kwesenzo kuzoba yinhlekelele. Ukuxhumana okunempumelelo kubalulekile: imeya kufanele ihlele inqubo yomshuwalense yesikhathi eside nendlela yokuthuthukisa izomnotho, hhayi izindleko.

Ekugcineni, ukuxhumanisa imingcele yokuphatha kunzima kakhulu. Ukulawula kwemifula nezimiso zesimo sezulu akuyihloniphi imingcele yamagunya endawo. Iziphathimandla ezihlangene kanye namameya emeya ziye zathuthukisa ukubambisana okunganqamuki, kodwa izingxabano ziyaqhubeka phakathi kwemikhandlu yasemadolobheni nasemaphandleni enqabeni yokuphatha amanzi. Amakhambi adinga ukuhlangana, izimali ezihlangene, nokuqondana ngengozi okungakheka phakathi kwezingxoxo eziqhubekayo.

Izindlela Ezilandelayo: Ukushintsha Isimo Sezulu Njengedolobha Eline - core

Njengoba isimo sezulu sikhula kakhulu, ukukwazi ukumelana namadolobha akunakuhlala kuyindawo esendaweni eqinile. Kumelwe ifakwe kuzo zonke izinqubo zedolobha − ukutshala izitshalo, ezokuthutha, izindlu, impilo, imfundo. Amakhemitshi ase-UK kakade aseya phambili kulendawo, avumelanisa ukuqina kwemigoqo yenetha kanye namasuntswana angcono kwezomnotho.

Imikhuba ehlanganisa ukuhlangana ihlanganisa:

  • Izibopho zokuqinisa eziphakamisa inhloko- dolobha ngokukhethekile emikhankasweni yokuzivumelanisa nesimo sezulu.
  • Amandla okubikezela [ ukubikezela izikhukhula namafishi asheshayo ngokunemba okukhulu.
  • Imihlangano yokuzimela ekwazi ukumelana ne- enika izakhamuzi indima eqondile ekwenzeni izinqumo.
  • [ Izinga lokuzimela elilawulwayo lokuzimela [ lezindlu ezintsha nezakhiwo zezentengiselwano.
  • Isikhungo sesifunda sokuzimela esihlanganisa ukusabela okuminingi kwezenzakalo zemingcele.

Uhulumeni we-UK Thurd National Alternatiation Programme (NAP3)] owakhishwa ngo-2023 uhlela indlela yesizwe, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwendlela kuzakuphumelela noma kuhluleke emazingeni edolobha. Ama-maya angayizingqwele ezingokwemvelo zokuqhubela lolu shintsho, zibonakala, futhi ziseduze kakhulu nemiphakathi ukuba ziqonde izidingo zazo.

Isiphetho: Ithonya Lokuhola Kwe - Mayoral

Amadolobha ase-UK asendaweni engqungquthela. Ukukhetha kuphakathi kokusabela ezinhlekeleleni − ukukhokha izinkulungwane zezigidi zezigidi zezindleko zokululama, ukulahlekelwa ukuphila, nokubona imiphakathi ihlukana ngokuzinzisa. /noma izisebenzi zisebenzisa ikhono lokuzimela. Ama-May anegunya, ipulatifomu, nolwazi lwendawo ukuze zenze indlela yesibili ibe yiqiniso. Ngokuthatha izisekelo eziqinile, ukwamukela izixazululo ezisekelwe emvelweni, ukubopha ukwaziswa, nokuhlanganyela emiphakathini, zingakha amadolobha angaphili nje kuphela kodwa aphumelele lapho isimo sezulu sishaqisa.

Umsebenzi uyaphuthuma, izinselele zikhona, kodwa amathuluzi akhona. imeya ngayinye yase - UK manje kumelwe izibuze: Lapho isenzakalo esilandelayo esedlulele, ingabe liyobe likulungele ukufika?