Amalungelo Angokomthetho Ezisebenzi Ezingaphezu Kwama - 40 Ngaphansi Komthetho Wobandlululo

Ukuboniswa Kobandlululo Lweminyaka Ewunyaka Kumthetho Womsebenzi (ADEA)

I-Age Discivation in Account Act (ADEA) ingenye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuvikela izisebenzi ezineminyaka engu-40 nangaphezulu. Ngo-1967, umthetho waklanyelwa ukulwa nemingcele esekelwe ngokweminyaka yobudala emsebenzini nokukhuthaza ukuqashwa kwezisebenzi esezikhulile ngokusekelwe ekhonweni lazo kunangonyaka wokuzalwa kwazo. I-ADE isebenza kubaqashi abazimele abasebenzayo abaneziqeshi ezingamashumi amabili nangaphezulu, kanye nasehulumenini, izinhlangano zemisebenzi, izinhlangano zezisebenzi, nohulumeni womphakathi.

Ubandlululo lweminyaka lusalokhu luyindaba ephikelelayo. Ngokwe-U.S. Aumelt Opportunity Commission (EOC), ukumangalelwa okuhlobene nobudala njalo kubangela ingxenye enkulu yokukhahlazeka emsebenzini. I-ADEA inika izisebenzi esezikhulile amandla okufuna usizo lapho zibhekene nokuphathwa ngokungemthetho lapho ziqashwa, zidunyiswa, zikhushulelwa, zikhokhelwa, futhi zithola ezinye izimo. Ukuqonda isivikelo esiphelele se-ADEA, kanye namakhambi angokomthetho akhona, kubalulekile kunoma ubani oweqasha izigaba zawo kamuva.

Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukuhlola okujulile kwamalungelo angokomthetho ezisebenzi ezingaphezu kuka - 40 ngaphansi kwe - ADEA, sihlanganisa izivikelo eziyinhloko, izenzo zabaqashi ezinqabelayo, inqubo yokukhononda, ukushiya, namasu asebenzayo okuvimbela ukucwaswa kwasebekhulile.

Izivikelo Ze - ADEA

I - ADEA inqabela ukubandlululwa nganoma isiphi isici semisebenzi kubantu abaneminyaka engu - 40 nangaphezulu.

[ I-Fail noma ukwenqaba ukuqasha umuntu ngenxa yobudala.
[ I-Discope noma isiphi isisebenzi ngenxa yobudala.
Ukuhlanganisa[ ngokuqondene nembuyiselo, amagama, izimo, noma amalungelo omsebenzi.
[ Izisebenzi ezisebenzayo, ezizinzile, noma ezihlukanisayo ngezindlela ezizincisha amathuba omsebenzi noma ngezinye izindlela ezilimazayo izimo zazo.
[[UMTH:0] guqula [ ngokumelene nomuntu ngenxa yokucwasa okuphikisayo, ukufaka icala, noma ukuhlanganyela ekuhloleni noma ekuqhubekeni.

Ikilasi elivikelwe: "40 and Adread"

I - ADEA ivikela abantu okungenani abaneminyaka engu - 40 ubudala, futhi lokhu kuhlanganisa izisebenzi esezikhulile ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu - 40 ubudala; ayikho i - capte yangasese yase - United States eye yathi i - ADEA ayizivikeli izisebenzi ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu - 40 ukuba zingabandlululwa, futhi ayizisiki izisebenzi ezisencane ezingase zincishwe ngisho nayizisebenzi ezisencane.

Imiphumela Ehlukanisayo Yokwelapha

I - ADEA ihlanganisa imibono emibili eyinhloko yobandlululo:

Ukwelashwa okungathandeki: Uma umqashi ephatha isisebenzi esikhulile ngamabomu ngenxa yobudala. Ngokwesibonelo, umphathi onqaba isikhalazo esifanelekayo ngoba sidala kakhulu.
Imiphumela ehlukanisayo: Uma inkambiso yomqashi engathathi hlangothi ebusweni noma umkhuba ngokungenakulinganiswa ulimaza izisebenzi esezikhulile, ngaphandle kokuba isimiso sisekelwe kwesinye isici esinengqondo kunesikhathi esidala. Ngokwesibonelo, inani elincane leminyaka lokuhlangenwe nakho elihlukanisa ngokuphumelelayo izisebenzi esezikhulile lingase libekelwe inselele njengelinemiphumela ehlukene.

Lokho Abaqashi Abangenakukwenza Ngaphansi Kwe - ADEA

Ngaphandle kwemithetho evamile enqabelayo, izenzo ezithile zivinjelwe ngokucacile:

Ukucasha Nokubuyiselwa

Ukwenqaba ukuqasha umuntu ocela isicelo ngoba sebeneminyaka engaphezu kwengu - 40.
Ukuchaza lokho okukhethwa ubudala noma ukulinganiselwa kokukhangisa ngomsebenzi noma izinto zokuqasha, ngaphandle kokuba ubudala buyimfanelo ewumsebenzi (BFOQ).
Ukusebenzisa ukuhlola okwenziwa ngaphambi komsebenzi okuzihlola ngokungenakulinganiswa izisebenzi esezikhulile ngaphandle kokuzithethelela ngomsebenzi.

Ukuthuthukisa Nokuthuthuka

Ukwenqaba amathuba okukhushulelwa izisebenzi esezikhulile ukuze zithandwe izisebenzi ezisencane, ezinokuhlangenwe nakho okuncane naphezu kwezici ezilingana nazo noma eziphambili.
Ukugcwalisa izinhlelo "umkhondo osheshayo" ezikhipha izisebenzi esezikhulile ngephutha.

Ukuthola Inzuzo Nezinzuzo

Ukukhokhela izisebenzi esezikhulile imali encane ngenxa yomsebenzi ofanayo ngenxa yokuguga.
Nokho, i - ADEA inelungiselelo eliqondile ngokuphathelene nezinhloso zokuzithandela zokuthatha umhlalaphansi nokubambisana neminye imithetho enjenge - Elder Working Benefit Protection Act (OWBPA).

Ukunqanda Nokuyeka

Ukuthumba isisebenzi ngenxa yokuguga, kuhlanganise nokukhishwa kwempahla okwakhayo (ukwakha izimo ezingabekezeleleki ezibangela ukuyeka).
Ukukhetha izisebenzi esezikhulile ukuze zithule lapho zilondoloza izisebenzi ezisencane ezingakakhuli kakhulu noma ezingasasebenzi kakhulu ngejubane elincishisiwe (RIF).
Ukunikeza amaphasela omhlalaphansi aphoqelela izisebenzi esezikhulile ukuba zihambe ngaphandle kokuzithandela.

Ukuhlukunyezwa Nokuhlala Emsebenzini Onenzondo

I-ADEA futhi inqabela ukuhlukunyezwa okusekelwe obudala okudala isimo sobudlelwano emsebenzini. Izibonelo zihlanganisa amahlaya aphindaphindwayo ngeminyaka yobudala, amazwi alulazayo (umz. "omdala," ufile"), noma ukuhlukaniswa ngokuhlelekile emihlanganweni nasemisebenzini engokwenhlalo. Ukuziphatha kumelwe kube kubi kakhulu noma kusakazeke ngokwanele ukuguqula indawo yomsebenzi futhi kumelwe kungamukeleki.

Amalungelo Abasebenzi Nokuziphindiselela: Ukukhononda

Isisebenzi esikholelwa ukuthi siye sacwaswa ngenxa yobudala kumelwe sithathe isinyathelo ngokushesha.

Ukumangalela I - EEOC

Icala kumelwe ligcinwe phakathi nezinsuku ezingu - 180 zesenzo sokukhipha izigwebo. Ngokwesho ngomthetho wobandlululo othatha iminyaka yobudala nenhlangano kahulumeni emisiwe (izifundazwe), isikhathi sifinyelela ezinsukwini ezingu-300.

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' I-EQU izakuhlola icala, izame ukuphendula, futhi noma ikhiphe incwadi elungile ukuya ku-injini noma inqume ukufakela isisebenzi.

Inguquko:[ Kungekho emthethweni ukuba umqashi aphindisele kumqashi ngokufaka isigwebo, ukubambisana nophenyo, noma ukucwasana kobudala obuphikisayo.

Imithetho Yangasese

Ngemva kokuthola isaziso sokuya kwesokudla e-EEOC, isisebenzi singafaka icala enkantolo kahulumeni. Amakhambi ngaphansi kwe-ADEA ahlanganisa:

[[[UMTL:0] Emuva umholo [ nosizo olulahlekile (ngenzalo).

Ukuveza [ noma inkokhelo yangaphambili uma ukubuyiselwa kungafinyeleleki.

[[[Umthetho:0] Ingozi encitshisiwe (imali ephindelwe kabili) uma ukophuka komqashi kwakungokwamabomu.
Izindleko ze-athorney [ nezindleko zokunika.
Ukukhululeka okungabangela ukuba umqashi ashintshe izimiso zobandlululo.

Ngokuphawulekayo, i-ADEA ayivumeli ukulimala kokulungisa ukucindezeleka okungokomzwelo noma ukujeziswa emacaleni ayimfihlo, ngokungafani neSihlomo VII seSikhathi samalungelo abantu. Nokho, eminye imithetho kahulumeni ingase inikeze amakhambi engeziwe.

Izindlela Ezibalulekile Zokukhetha Nokucabangela Okukhethekile

I - ADEA ihlanganisa nezindlela eziningana zokungadingi ukuphuma empini ezivumela ukuhlukanisa abantu ngenxa yobudala ezimweni ezilinganiselwe.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwemali Eyingqamuzana (BFOQ)

Umqashi angakhetha ngokusekelwe ebudalani uma kungafakazela ukuthi ubudala buyimfanelo edinga umsebenzi ovamile webhizinisi elithile. Lokhu kunciphile. Izinkantolo ziye zaqaphela ama-BFOQ ezimweni ezihilela ukuphepha komphakathi, njengawo wonke amankathi okuthatha umhlalaphansi e-aphonsi abashayeli bezindiza (abaneminyaka engu-65 ngaphansi kwemithetho ye-FAA), izikhulu zomthetho, nabacimi bomlilo. Umqashi kumelwe abonise ukuthi bonke abantu ngeminyaka ethile abaphila ngempumelelo abakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi ngokuphephile.

Isimiso Sobudala Obuphakeme

Abaqashi bangase baqaphele izibalo zesimiso sokukhula esingcono esingadingi ukuba noma isiphi isisebenzi sithathe umhlalaphansi ngokuzenzakalelayo ngenxa yobudala.

Izici Ezinengqondo Kuneminyaka Engaphezu (RFOA)

Ezimweni ezingafani, umqashi angavikela inkambiso enomphumela ongenakulinganiswa ezisebenzini esezikhulile ngokubonisa ukuthi lomkhuba usekelwe esicini esinengqondo ngaphandle kobudala. I-RFOA ifuna umqashi ukuba afakazele ukuthi lesi sici sinengqondo futhi sisetshenziswa ngendlela enengqondo.

Izinhlelo Zokuqala Zokuthatha Umhlalaphansi

I-ADEA ayinqabeli izinhloso zokuzithandela zokuthatha umhlalaphansi zivumelana ne-OWBPA. amasu anjalo kumelwe anikezwe izisebenzi ezifanele ngesisekelo sokuzithandela, futhi leli cebo kumelwe lihlangabezane nezimfuneko eziqondile zokuphanga nokukhipha izicelo. Abaqashwa kumelwe banikezwe okungenani izinsuku ezingu - 21 ukuze bacabangele impondo (izinsuku ezingu - 45 zokuphuma kweqembu) nezinsuku ezingu - 7 ukuze balahlekelwe.

Imibuso Nemithetho Yendawo: Izivikelo Ezithuthukisiwe

Nakuba i-ADEA inikeza isisekelo, izifunda eziningi zezindawo ziye zamisa imithetho yobandlululo enikeza isivikelo esiqinile. Eminye imithetho kahulumeni ihlanganisa iminyaka engu-40 nangaphezulu, futhi isebenza kubaqashi abancane. Izibonelo zihlanganisa i-California Fair Workers and Hosle Act (FEHA), i-New York State Human Rights Law, ne-New York City Human Rights Law. Abaqashi kulemibuso bangase baphishekele ngaphansi kwakho kokubili ukulahlekelwa kombuso nomthetho kahulumeni, ngokuvamile bathole izindleko eziphakeme kanye nomthetho owengeziwe.

Kutuswa ukuba uthintane nommeli wemisebenzi ojwayelene nemithetho ethile yezwe lesisebenzi, njengoba ukuhlangana phakathi komthetho kahulumeni nombuso kungaba yinkimbinkimbi.

Izinyathelo Eziwusizo Zezisebenzi Ezingaphezu Kwengu - 40 Zokuvikela Amalungelo Azo

Ngaphandle kokuthola usizo olungokomthetho, izisebenzi esezikhulile zingathatha izinyathelo eziphuthumayo zokubhala umbhalo futhi zivimbele ukucwaswa kobudala.

Bhala Yonke Into

Gcina imininingwane eminingi yokuhlola umsebenzi, ukunikeza impendulo eyakhayo, imiklomelo nokuncoma.
Gcina ama-imeyili, imisebenzi, noma incwajana ebonisa amazwi ahlobene nobudala, amahlaya, noma amazwi aphambene abaphathi noma ozakwabo.
Bhala noma iziphi izimo lapho izisebenzi ezisencane ezinokuhlangenwe nakho okuncane zathola khona ukwelashwa okungcono, ukukhushulelwa esikhundleni, noma amathuba.

Ukukhulumisana Ngochwepheshe

Ukukhuluma ngezindaba ngokushesha nangokubhala ukuze kugwenywe umbono wokuncipha kwamakhono.
Funa ukunikeza impendulo nokuyilindela ngokucacile, ikakhulukazi uma kubekwa ekuhleleni intuthuko.

Umbiko Ukhathalela Ingaphakathi

Abaqashi abaningi banezinqubo zokukhononda. Ukubika ukucwaswa kwe - HR noma ngomshoshaphansi omisiwe akunikezi umqashi ithuba lokulungisa lenkinga kuphela kodwa futhi kusiza ekutholeni ukuthi isisebenzi simelene nokwelashwa. Lokhu kungaba okubaluleke kakhulu ekuphindiseleni.

Funa Iseluleko Esingokomthetho Kusenesikhathi

Uma isisebenzi sisola ukuthi sibhekene nokuhlaselwa ngenxa yobudala, ukuya kummeli wemisebenzi ngaphambi kokuba enze ukumangalelwa okungokomthetho kungasiza ekulondolozeni ubufakazi futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi kuhlangatshezwana nezikhathi ezimisiwe. iEEOC inefasitela elinamafasitela aqinile osuku olungu - 180 / 300, futhi ingalahlekelwa yilokho okushiwoyo.

Umthetho Obalulekile Nezenzakalo Zamuva

Ukuqonda amacala aphawulekayo kusiza ekucaciseni indlela izinkantolo eziyichaza ngayo i - ADEA.

INkantolo Ephakeme Ne - ADEA

Gross v. FBL Services Financial Service, Inc. (2009): Indinganiso yamanje yamacala axubile emisebenzi ngaphansi kwe-ADEA. INkantolo yathi umkhangisi kumelwe abonise ukuthi ubudala buyisizathu sokwenza isenzo esibi, hhayi nje esishukumisayo. Lokhu kuphakamisa umthwalo kuzisebenzi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-tit VII.
Mayam v. Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory (2008):[ Endabeni ehlukile, umqashi unomthwalo wokuqinisekisa ukuthi umsebenzi wawusekelwe esicini esinengqondo kunesikhathi esingakanani.
Izimiso zomhlalaphansi ezithatha umhlalaphansi n/.EEOC (2008):[ INkantolo yanquma ukuthi amasu okukhubazeka okuthatha umhlalaphansi asebenzisa iminyaka yobudala njengefektha awayona inqubo yokwethusa ngokuzenzekelayo uma ifeza izinjongo ezingokomthetho ezizuzisayo.

Isiqondiso Samuva Se - EOC Nokuphoqelelwa

I-EEOC ikhiphe imithombo elungisiwe ku- ubandlululo , kuhlanganise namakhasi ayiqiniso e-RIFs kanye nezisusa zomhlalaphansi zokuzithandela. Esimweni sezulu samanje sezisebenzi, i-EEOC ifake kuqala ukuhlola "inkambiso yezemisebenzi kanye namathuluzi okuqasha ama-Al-applive angawakhomba ngokuphazimale. Abaqashi babekwa kakhulu icala ngemithetho ye-discriminary.

Ukucwasana Ngeminyaka Emsebenzini Wanamuhla: I - AI Ne - Hide

Enye yezimo ezicindezela kakhulu emthetho wobandlululo ongontanga ihlanganisa ukusebenzisa ukuhlakanipha kokwenziwa (AI) kanye namathuluzi okuhlola imishini. Abaqashi abasebenzisa ukuhlola kobuntu, ukuhlola i-vidiyo, noma ukuphinde bahlole amanani e-algorith kungahlunga ngokungaqondi abacela ukubhapathizwa ngenkathi ethile yeminyaka eminingi yokuhlangenwe nakho, izinsuku zokuthweswa iziqu, noma izindlela zolimi. I-EEOC inikeze usizo lobuchwepheshe kulendaba, isho ukuthi abaqashi banomthwalo wokuqinisekisa amathuluzi abo e-AIA avumelana ne-ADEA, ngisho noma ithuluzi lisungulwe iqembu lesithathu. Izisebenzi ezindala ezisola ukuthi zihlolwe nge-althmmentalm kufanele zibhale inqubo futhi zicabange ummeli.

Izintelezi Nezikhungo Ezikhishwe E - ADEA

Uma izisebenzi ezindala zixoshwa noma zamukelwa umhlalaphansi ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ngokuvamile zicelwa ukuba zisayine umqashi okhulula umqashi kuzo zonke izikhangiso zesikhathi esizayo, kuhlanganise ne-ADEA. Laba bahluli balawulwa ngokuqinile ngaphansi koMthetho [[FLT: 0] i-Olders Benefit Protection Act (OWBPA). Izimfuneko zihlanganisa:

Umenzi we - rave kumelwe abhalwe ngolimi olulula.
Isisebenzi kumelwe sithole ukwaziswa okuqondile ngeqembu lezisebenzi ezithintekile (elinqikazayo) uma liyingxenye yokuphuma kweqembu.
Isisebenzi kumelwe sinikezwe okungenani izinsuku ezingu - 21 ukuze sicabangele i - raiver (izinsuku ezingu - 45 ukuze iqembu liphume) nezinsuku ezingu - 7 ukuze sixoshe ngemva kokusayina.
Umxhaphazi akanakuwalahla amalungelo noma athi avela ngemva kosuku olusayinwe ngalo.

Uma umntshontshe ehluleka ukuhlangabezana nalezi zimfuneko, kuyize, futhi isisebenzi singase siphishekele isisho se - ADEA. kubaluleke kakhulu ukubukeza noma isiphi isivumelwano noma ukukhululwa nommeli ngaphambi kokusayina.

Ukuphindisela: Isivikelo Esinamandla

Ilungiselelo le-ADEA elimelene nokukhucululwa kweminyaka linqabela umqashi ukuba aphathe isisebenzi ngokungemthetho ngoba sihileleke emsebenzini ovikelekile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukufaka isigwebo se-EEOC, ukufakazela ekuhlolweni, noma ngisho nokukhononda ngaphakathi ngokucwasana ngeminyaka. Ukuphindisela kungamelana ngisho noma ukucwaswa okungaphansi kweminyaka kungaphumelela. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umqashi edubula isisebenzi ngokushesha ngemva kokukhononda ngezinkulumo zobudala, isikhathi sodwa singakha isimo esinamandla sokuphindisela.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Kaningi

Ingabe isisebenzi esineminyaka engaphansi kwengu - 40 singabandlulula abantu abaneminyaka emingaki?

Cha, i - ADEA kuphela evikela abantu abaneminyaka engu - 40 noma ngaphezulu, kodwa eminye imithetho yombuso ivikela nezisebenzi ezisencane ekucwaseni abantu abakhulile.

Ingabe kungokomthetho ukuba umqashi acele ukuba untanga yami ifake isicelo somsebenzi?

Ngokuvamile, akunjalo. Ukucela iminyaka yobudala esifunweni esithile noma phakathi nengxoxo kungaba ubufakazi benhloso yokukhipha ubandlululo. Kukhona okungalinganiyo lapho ubudala buyi-BFOQ.

Kuthiwani uma ngihlukunyezwa ngenxa yobudala kodwa ngingaxoshwa noma ngidebeselelwe?

Ukuhlukunyezwa okusekelwe ebudaleni akuvunyelwe ngokomthetho uma kudala isimo somsebenzi esibi.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuxazulula indaba ye - ADEA?

Ukuqulwa kwamacala kungathatha izinyanga kuya onyakeni noma ngaphezulu. ukuquliswa kwamacala ngasese kungathatha iminyaka eminingana ukuze kufinyelelwe icala.

Isiphetho

I-Age Consurection in Act inikeza isivikelo esibalulekile ezisebenzini ezineminyaka engu-40 nangaphezulu, iqinisekisa ukuthi izinqumo zemisebenzi zenziwa ngokufanele, hhayi ngokwezimo ezivamile ngokuphathelene nokuguga. Nakuba umthetho unemingcele yawo − njengendinganiso "kodwa" ye-compsureasure" nendinganiso yokulahla izingozi zezisebenzi esezikhulile" ibalulekile kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili. Izeluleko lomuntu siqu ezisebenzelayo eziqonda amalungelo abo emsebenzini. Abaqashi abaqondayo, ukuphathwa kabi kwezincwadi, futhi benze ngokushesha bangagcina abaqashi benecala. Njengoba umsebenzi uyaqhubeka nomvuzo wezo zobuchwepheshe obusha, indima ye-ADEAAAAAA's' ekulondolozeni imisha ibaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili. Iseluleko somuntu, izisebenzi kufanele zithintane ummeli ojwayele umsebenzi noma ukuxhumana nommeli [FO:]