Isingeniso

Ukuhlanganyela emphakathini wakini (ngoba kungaba yinzuzo ukuya emihlanganweni yendawo, ngokuveza imibono ezindabeni zomphakathi, noma ngokuhlela ukuthatha izinyathelo zomphakathi ("iyisisekelo sokuhlanganyela kwentando yeningi). Ukuqonda amalungelo angokomthetho avikela lemisebenzi kukunika amandla okusekela ngokuphumelelayo ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuphazamisa okungekho emthethweni. Nakuba ukuhileleka komphakathi kungavuza, kudinga futhi ukuqaphela imingcele nesivikelo esichazwa umthetho. Lesiqondiso esikhudlwana sihlanganisa amalungelo ayisisekelo avikela ukuhlanganyela kwakho, ekukhulumeni kwakho mahhalali nasemhlanganweni ukuya ekutholeni ulwazi. Ukwazi lamalungelo kukusiza ukuba uqondise izimiso zokubusa zendawo, ugcine iziphathimandla zinobuthelela, futhi unikele emphakathini onamandla, owengeziwe.

Ilungelo Lenkululeko Yokukhuluma

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala soMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S. siqinisekisa ilungelo lenkululeko yokukhuluma, ehlanganisa ukuhlanganyela ekuhlanganyeleni komphakathi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuveza imibono emphakathini, ukubhalela izikhulu zendawo, ukusakaza abashayeli bezindiza, nokufaka imingcele enokuthula. Nokho, lelilungelo aliphelele; alivikeli inkulumo ebangela ubudlova, isho ukuhlanjalazwa, noma ukwephula imithetho emelene nokuhlukunyezwa. Ngokwesibonelo, ungagxeka isinqumo somkhandlu wedolobha phakathi nenkathi yokukhulumela komphakathi, kodwa uhulumeni ungabeki isolisa imeya isikhathi esinengqondo, indawo, nemithetho elawulayo, njengokufuna ukuba imiboniso emikhulu, kodwa kumelwe ifakwe ekuphumeni kweminye indlela yokuziphathisele.

Ukuvikela Inkulumo Ezimweni Zomphakathi

Imihlangano kahulumeni wendawo, amapaki, kanye nemigwaqwe iwumphakathi ovamile lapho umsebenzi owenzelwayo uthola khona isivikelo esinamandla. Unelungelo lokuphatha izimpawu, iziqubulo, nokusakaza izincwadi, uma nje ungavimba ukungena noma udala izingozi zokuphepha. Amakhonsathi asekela njalo ilungelo lokuhlanganyela emazwini angokomfanekiso, njengokufaka izintambo zokulwa noma ukubeka amafulegi, isikhathi eside uma engaphazamisanga ukuqambaza kukahulumeni. Izikhulu zomphakathi azinakuphindiselela ukuveza imibono engathandeki, futhi noma imuphi umzamo wokuhlola osekelwe ekuquketheyo umlomo uveza ukungahloniphikiswa.

Imikhawulo Yokukhuluma Ngokukhululeka

Nakuba inkululeko yokukhuluma ibanzi, inemingcele. Ukuhloniphiswa kwesenzo sokungabi namthetho esisondelayo, amazwi okulwa, nezinsongo zangempela akuvikelwe. Ngokwesibonelo, ukumemeza umakhelwane ngokuhlambalaza kohlanga phakathi nomnyango wesithiyo kungaholela ekubekeni icala noma ekumangaleleni ubugebengu. Inkulumo yezentengiselwano . . . . . . njengokukhangisa ibhizinisi − isivikelo esincane futhi ingalawulwa ngenxa yeqiniso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazwi agxeka (izinkulumo ezingamangamanga zokulimaza idumela) avikelekile. Izinhlangano zomphakathi kufanele ziqaphele leziziphakathano zokunga ezingokomthetho ukuze zigweme imiphumela lapho zisasebenzisa amalungelo angoko angoko.

Ilungelo Lokuhlanganyela Emihlanganweni Yeningi

Izinhlangano zikahulumeni eziningi zendawo − kuhlanganise nemikhandlu yedolobha, amabhodi esikole, kanye nokuhlelwa kwezindawo zokuhlela , kuyadingeka ngemithetho yemihlangano evulekile (ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi “imithetho ekha phezulu”) ukuqhuba ibhizinisi obala. Lelilungelo liqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamuzi zingaya emihlanganweni, zigcine ukwenza izinqumo, futhi ngokuvamile ziveze imibono yazo phakathi nezikhathi ezimisiwe zokuphendula obala. Izimo ziyahluka ngokwezimo zikahulumeni, kodwa ngokuvamile, izinhlangano zomphakathi kumelwe zinikeze isaziso sangaphambili semihlangano, zivumele ukuqoshwa (ngemithetho enengqondo), futhi zingakwazi ukuvala abantu abasekelwe embonweni. Amanye amaphuzu adinga futhi ukuba imihlangano ifinyeleleke kubantu abakhubazekile.

Izindlela Zokuphendula Zomphakathi

Ohulumeni abaningi bendawo babekela eceleni isikhathi phakathi nemihlangano yokukhulumela obala. Unelungelo lokukhuluma, kodwa amanxusa angabeka imingcele enengqondo, njengemingcele yesikhathi (umz., imizuzu emithathu ngesikhulumi) noma afune ukuba usayina kusengaphambili. Lemithetho kumelwe isetshenziswe ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izikhulumi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zikuphi. Uma uncishwa ithuba lokukhuluma ngoba imibono yakho iphikisana, okungase kuphule amalungelo akho eSiphakamisi sokuqala. Kuyatuswa ukulungiselela izinkulumo ezifingqiwe kanye namabhukwana uma umhlangano ulandela uhlelo oluhlelwe kahle. Ukuqonda okujulile kwezimfuneko zomhlangano, [[FLT] i-PrompGenecs] iKomiti yenkululeko ye-Preast Government [3]

Ukuqopha Nokuya Emihlanganweni

Ilungelo lakho lokuya emihlanganweni yomphakathi lihlanganisa ilungelo lokuqopha ividiyo noma umsindo, uma nje ungaphazamisanga izenzakalo. Ezinye iziphakamiso zidinga ukwaziswa kwangaphambi, kodwa ukuvinjelwa okuqondile kokuqoshwa ngokuvamile akunamthetho osemthethweni. Uma uhlangana nomngcele − njengomnyango okhiyiwe phakathi nomhlangano ophawuliwe noma isikhulu esizama ukukukhipha ngaphandle kwesehlakalo futhi sicabangele ukuvala isikhalo. Izikhulu zasendaweni eziphula imithetho yomhlangano zingabhekana nezijeziso, futhi izinqumo ezenziwa eziqekelweni ezivaliwe zingalulaza.

Ilungelo Lokuba Wedwa Nokuphepha

Ukuhlanganyela emphakathini akufanele kukuchaye ekuhlukunyezweni, ekusongeleni, noma ekuphindiseleni. Nakuba uhulumeni enomthwalo wokugcina ukuhleleka, kumelwe futhi uvikele abahilelekile ekulimaleni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuvimbela ubugebengu benzondo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uyakwazi ukufinyelela ngokuphepha emibuthanweni yomphakathi, futhi hhayi ukukhipha ukwaziswa okuqoqiwe phakathi nokuhlanganyela kwakho (umz., ikheli lakho elivela ekufakeni isicelo). amalungelo akho emfihlo ngaphansi kwemithetho enjenge-Scriver’s Accelight Protection Act ilinganisela indlela izinhlangano zikahulumeni ezingahlanganyela ngayo imininingwane yomuntu siqu. Uma ubhekene nezinsongoso ngenxa yokuthatha kwakho isinyathelo, ungacela ukuba amaphoyisa noma ukuvimbela ukuhleleka.

Isivikelo Ekuphindiselweni

Izikhulu zomphakathi azinakuphindisela ngawe ngokusebenzisa amalungelo akho, ngokwesibonelo, ngokukuncisha, ukukuhlupha phakathi nokugcinwa kwemithetho, noma ukusika izinkonzo empahlani yakho. Izenzo ezinjalo zingaphula iSichibiyelo Sokuqala neSivikelo se-Unimente u-Classius. uma usola ukuziphindisela, ubhala yonke imisebenzi, kuhlanganise nezinsuku, izikhathi, nofakazi. Ungathintana nommeli wamalungelo abantu. I-Lobel Liberioties Union (ACLT)[FLT] inikeza imicebo futhi inganikeza usizo olungokomthetho lwezinganiso-odwa.

Izindaba Eziyimfihlo

Uma usayina izicelo, ujoyina amaqembu omphakathi, noma ukhulume emihlanganweni, igama lakho nekheli kungase kuqondwe umphakathi. Nokho, ezinye izifundazwe zikuvumela ukuba ukhethe ukuba ungayifaki imininingwane yakho kuyi-inthanethi. Qaphela ukuxoxa ngemininingwane ezwelayo phakathi nenkulumo yomphakathi uma wesaba ukuziphindisela. Uma uyisisulu sokuzingela noma sokuzingela, phela lapho ukwaziswa kwakho okuyimfihlo kukhishwa ngenjongo embi, kutshelwa emaqenjini omthetho wendawo futhi ucabangela ummeli ngemithetho elwa nemithetho elwa nomthetho.

Ilungelo lokuthola ukwaziswa komphakathi

Ukubona gca kudingekile ekuthatheni ingxenye yomphakathi onolwazi. Ngaphansi kwenkululeko kahulumeni neyombuso yemithetho yolwazi (FOIA), unelungelo lokucela amarekhodi ezinhlangano zikahulumeni, kuhlanganise nemizuzu yomhlangano, ama-imeyili, ama-imeyili phakathi kwezikhulu, futhi uvumele izicelo. Izikhundla kumelwe ziphendule ngaphakathi kwe-partum yesikhathi esilinganiselwe, ngokuvamile izinsuku ezingu-20 zebhizinisi ngaphansi kwe-FOIA, futhi zingavimbela kuphela ulwazi ngaphansi kwenkululeko ekhethekile (umz., ukulondeka kwesizwe, ukwangasese, ilungelo eliphezulu lommeli-cl). Uma isicelo sakho senqatshelwa, ungadlulisa noma ufaka i-hele yecala. Izindawo eziningi zinemithetho evulekileyokwanele ngaphansi kwe-FOA.

Indlela Yokwenza Isicelo Esiphumelelayo Se - FOIA

Qala ngokuthola amarekhodi akhethekile odingayo [1] Izicelo zingalahlwa. Sebenzisa i-panet ye-panet uma ikhona, noma faka isicelo esibhaliwe nge-imeyili noma ngeposi eqinisekisiwe. Hlanganisa ukwaziswa kwakho kothintana nocingo, incazelo yamarekhodi, neforamende elinganiselayo yempendulo. ezinye izinhlangano zikhokha izindleko zokukopisha nokuhlola, kodwa zingasenza uma isicelo sisiza isithakazelo somphakathi.[ yosizo, i-ROVT Inkululeko yolwazi inikeza iziyalezo nezincwadi ezikhonjiwe ngokomthetho.

Ukubona Uhulumeni Wasendaweni

Ohulumeni abaningi bendawo banyathelisa iziphakamiso, imizuzu, nemibiko yezezimali emawebhusayithi abo. Uma ulwazi lungekho, ungafuna ukuthobela. Sebenzisa ukukhanya ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi izimali zomphakathi zisetshenziswa kahle noma ukuthi izinqumo zokubopha zilandela umthetho. Khumbula: izikhokhisi zokwaziswa zilungile, akulona ilungelo. Uma ubhekene nokulibala okukhulu noma izindleko, ungabika i-authorist kumphathi-sigebengu noma uhele isicelo enkantolo.

Ilungelo Lokuhlangana Nobungane

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala sivikela ilungelo lakho lokubuthana nabanye ngezinjongo ezinokuthula, njengokuhlela amawashi omakhelwane, ukwenza inzuzo, noma ukuhlanganisa isenzakalo somphakathi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ilungelo lokuhlangana ezindaweni zomphakathi njengemigwaqo namapaki, nakuba ungase udinge imvume yamaqembu amakhulu. amagunya awanakukwazi ukubeka izimfuneko ezingacacile, ezibiza kakhulu, noma ezisekelwe embonweni zeqembu. Ngemibhikisho ezenzekelayo, izinkantolo ziye zaqaphela ukuthi ungase ungadingi imvume uma isenzakalo sishesha futhi singahleleki.

Ukwakha Nokuhlanganyela Kwamaqembu Omphakathi

Unelungelo lokwakha noma lokuzihlanganisa ngaphandle kokungenela kukahulumeni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izinkampani zasekhaya, amaqembu okuphatha abantu, nezinhlangano zokuzithandela. Uhulumeni ngeke akuphoqelele ukuba udalule uhlu lwamalungu noma ukukujezisa ngenxa yokuba ilungu lamaqembu aphikisanayo. Njcock, uma ukha iqembu elihileleka emisebenzini engekho emthethweni (umz., ukucekela phansi noma ukusongela), amalungelo akho angalinganiselwa.[[ Inkululeko yeNhlangano ivikela futhi ilungelo lokungahlangani neqembu lokungahlangani.]

Umhlangano Onokuthula Nemvume

Uma uhlela ukumasha noma ukuhlanganisa, hlola izimfuneko zemvume yendawo kusenesikhathi. Intela yemvume kumele ibe enengqondo futhi ingasekelwe ekuquketheni kwenkulumo yakho. Abaphathi bangaphika kuphela imvume yezizathu ezicacile zokuphepha komphakathi, njengemingcele yekhono noma ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwezimoto. Uma inqatshiwe, ungakhanga noma ukhethe enye indawo. Ngaso sonke isikhathi unecebo lokulahla futhi bazi ukuthi abachazi banelungelo lokuphepha futhi banamalungelo omphakathi.

Ilungelo Lokunxusa Uhulumeni

Ilungelo lokucela likuvumela ukuba ucele isenzo noma ukujeziswa yizindikimba zikahulumeni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusayina noma ukusakaza izicelo, ukuvuma izikhalazo, nokunxusa izikhulu ezikhethiwe. Izinqumo eziphathelene nemithetho, ukuphatha, noma izindaba zokwahlulela zivikelwe, futhi awunakujeziswa ngokwenza kanjalo. Ngokwesibonelo, ungahlanganisa ukusayina ukumisa inyathelo lendawo ebhandeni noma e-heleni isikhalo ngengozi yomgwaqo. Uhulumeni kumelwe ucabangele isicelo sakho ngokholo, nakuba kungadingenzeki ukuba wamukele ukusikisela kwakho.

Isivikelo Kwabanxusayo

Uvikelekile ekuphindiseleni lapho ufaka isicelo samalungelo. Uma ubhekene nezinsongo ezivela kubantu ngabanye, ukugcinwa komthetho kufanele kuphendulwe. Nokho, qaphela ukuthi ukunxusa kungaqondiswa emphakathini njengezindawo zomphakathi njengangaphakathi kwezakhiwo zikahulumeni] ungadinga imvume yokudlulisa izicelo emaphaseji. Izinyathelo zokufaka izivumelwano, iziteshi zivame ukuba nemithetho yokusayinwa, njengezinqumiso nezimfuneko ezinganqunyiwe. Ukuphula lemithetho kungasingela izicelo, ngakho ukucwaninga ngokucophelela.

Ukunxusa Kwabantu Ngemishini Nokukhulumela Komphakathi

I-intern-line comforts (umz., Change.org) isetshenziswa kabanzi, kodwa isisindo sazo esingokomthetho siyahlukahluka. Isicelo senombolo esithunyelwa emkhandlwini wedolobha singathathwa njengesiphendulo sasobala, kodwa asivuseleli izibopho ezifanayo ezingokomthetho njengesiqalo esingokomthetho. Ukufaka izicelo, udlulise izicelo ngezindlela ezisemthethweni futhi ulandele ngobufakazi obuqondile emihlanganweni. Ilungelo lokunxusa lihlanganisa nokubhala izincwadi kumhleli, abameleli be-imeyili, futhi livele phambi kwamakomiti.

Izindlela Zokwelapha Ezingokomthetho Nemithombo

Uma amalungelo akho ephulwa phakathi nokuhlanganyela komphakathi, unezindlela zokukhetha. Okokuqala, bhala yonke into: imininingwane yesenzakalo, amagama ezikhulu, nanoma yimuphi ofakazi. Khona - ke, cabangela ukuvala isikhalo esingokomthetho enxusani (umz., isikhalo noma isikhalo kuphoyisa). Ngokuphula umthetho okungathi sína, njengokuphindisela noma ukuvala inkulumo, okufana nommeli wesizwe noma inhlangano engokomthetho evumela ukukhokha ukukhululeka. U-Leav. . Ungafaka futhi uhele omacala ngaphansi kuka-U-U-U.C. 1983 (e.6 /Inklov, eyokwephula umthetho we-mthetho, eyophula umthetho wezwe, neyamukela imvume.

Imithombo Yomphakathi

  • [ Imitholampilo esemthethweni yendawo – Kaningi inikeza iseluleko sesikhala ngemihlangano evuliwe neFOIA.
  • Izimiso zesizwe zikhokhise [ - - Ukusingatha izikhalo ngezingxabano zesithakazelo noma ukuziphatha okubi.
  • [ Amaqembu angenisa inzuzo - njengeNhlangano yabesifazane i Voters noma iMbangela ePhakathi.
  • I-ombudsperson - Amanye amadolobha anesikhundla esizimele sokuhlola ukukhononda kwezakhamuzi.

Isikhathi Sokufuna Ukumelelwa Okungokomthetho

Uma ubhekana nokulimala okubonakalayo − njengokulahlekelwa umsebenzi ngenxa yokuphindisela ngokukhuluma ngokuphandle, --amtler. Abameli abaningi bamalungelo omphakathi basebenza ngokuvumelana noma ngokunikeza ukuhlola kokuqala kwesihle. Izenzo zeqembu, zicabangela ukuxhumana noma inhlangano efanayo. Khumbula: imingcele yesikhathi iyasebenza; ngoba icandelo 1983 lisho, umthetho wemingcele uxhomeke ngokwezinga elivamile [[FLT:][10] kuye ngokwezwe lakho.

Isiphetho

Ukwazi amalungelo akho angokomthetho kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuhlanganyela ngokuphumelelayo emphakathini. Kusukela ekukhulumeni ngokukhululekile nasekuvuleni imihlangano ukuya ekusithekeni nasekutholeni ukwaziswa, lezi zivikelo ziqinisekisa ukuthi izwi lakho lingazwakala ngaphandle kokwesaba. Nakuba imithetho ihlukahluka ngezimiso, izimiso eziyisisekelo zihlala ziqinile: uhulumeni akanakukujezisa ngokukhuluma, ngokukhetha imibono yakho, noma ngokufihla izenzo zakho ekuhlolweni umphakathi. uyakwazi ukuhlanganisa ngokuqiniseka, ugcine izinhlangano zinecala, futhi usize ekwakheni umphakathi wedemokhrasi. Ungakwazi ukuxhumana nezimiso zomphakathi wendawo, futhi unganqikaze uqinise amalungelo akho lapho zigxekwa.