Impi Engaphoqelekile: Amalungelo Omshado Namalungelo Emibhangqwana Eyisilisa Esakhula

Ukulingana komshado kuye kwaguqula ukuphila kwemibhangqwana engokobulili obufanayo engenakubalwa. Nokho iqembu eligxekayo, elivame ukunganakwa liyaqhubeka libhekene nemingcele eyingqayizivele engokomthetho, ezenhlalo, neyokunakekela impilo: imibhangqwana emidala engokobulili obufanayo. Nakuba izizukulwane ezisha ziye zavuna izinzuzo zemithetho ephawulekayo nombono womphakathi oshintshayo, abantu abadala aba-LGBTQ+ bahlola izwe lapho ubudlelwane babo babungaphathiwe umthetho, bungalawuleki, bufihlekile, noma bufihlekile amashumi eminyaka. Ukuqonda nokusingatha lokhu kuhlukana akuyona nje indaba yesithunzi, ukulondeka, kanye nokufaneleka kweminyaka yobudala nomuntu omthandayo. Lesi sihloko sihlola izinselele ezikhethekile imibhangqwana ekhulile ebhekenezentethele, intuthuko eyenzekile, nenguquko eyenzekayo, futhi nalezi zinguquko ezisadingeka ekuqinisekiseni kwayo ngokugcwele.

Umlando: Ukuhlukana Kwezizukulwane Kumalungelo Omshado

Amalungelo omshado wemibhangqwana engokobulili obufanayo ayintuthuko yamuva kakhulu, ngisho nasemazweni athuthukayo. INetherlands yaba izwe lokuqala ukubhalisa umshado ongokobulili obufanayo ngo-2001, kulandelwa iBelgium ngo 2003. E-United States, iNkantolo Ephakeme obergefell v. Hodges isinqumo (2015] senza ukushada kulinganise umthetho wezwe. Kodwa ngemibhangqwana efanayo yasebekhulile, indaba ihluke kakhulu.

Ukuphila Ngenkathi Yobugebengu

Abantu abaningi asebekhulile bazalwa ngenkathi ubudlelwano obufanayo bobuhlobo bobulili bebungekho emthethweni, bubhekwa njengobungekho emthethweni, noma izizathu zokuthola umsebenzi nokucwaswa kwezindlu. Bavame ukufihla ubuhlobo babo ngenxa yokwesaba ukuboshwa, ukuhlalisana, noma ukulahlwa komkhaya. Lokhu kuhlupheka okungokomlando kuthinta okuhlangenwe nakho kwabo kwamanje, ukukhula kwezimiso zobudokotela nezokunakekela impilo. Ngokungafani nemibhangqwana emisha eyakhula phakathi nokulwela ukulingana komshado, imibhangqwana emidala kungenzeka ayizange ibeke ngokomthetho ubuhlobo bayo ngomshado, imishadonsela, noma ngisho nezivumelwano zokwakhelana komkhaya, noma ngisho nokuhlala ndawonye komkhaya. Lokhu kuthinta izivumelwano ngenxa yokuthi yayifuna, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi kwakuyingozi noma kwakungenakwenzeka ngokomthetho.

Amashumi Eminyaka Ezinzuzo Ezingokomthetho Ezilahlekile

Ukwehluleka ukushada isikhathi eside kwasho ukuthi imibhangqwana emidala ehlanganyela ubulili ilahlekelwa amashumi eminyaka esivikelo esingokomthetho: izinzuzo zenhlalaphansi zenhlalayenza, izinzuzo zempesheni, izinzuzo zentela, kanye namalungelo efa azenzekayo imibhangqwana emelene nobulili obuhlukile ewathatha kalula. Ngisho nangemva kokuba ilingana nomshado ufelwe, imibhangqwana eminingi emidala ihlala ingashadile ngenxa yezizathu eziningi zezizathu zokukhokha okungokomthetho, abanye besaba ukuthi ilahlekelwa izinzuzo zokusinda ezihlobene nesikhundla somshado esingesona esingokomthetho, futhi abanye balondoloze ukuqaphela izinhlangano ngempumelelo yezentethelelo ehlala njalo. Lokhu kwenza ukuba abantu abaningi bangalondeki ngokwezimali esikhathini esidala.

Ukuntengantenga Okungokomthetho Nokungokwezimali Okuyingqayizivele

Imibhangqwana eyisilisa efanayo ibhekene nezinselele ezingomthetho ezicinene ezihluke kakhulu kulezo imibhangqwana emisha noma ontanga yayo abahlanganyela ubulili. Ukudlala phakathi kwezwe, uhulumeni, nomthetho wezwe lonke kudala igebe elingalimaza umngane osele.

Ukuqashelwa Okungaphelele Naphezu Kwezinsolo

Ngisho nasemazweni lapho ukushada ngokobulili kusemthethweni ngokwesizwe, ukumiswa kwemithetho yendawo kungase kuhlukahluka. Ngokwesibonelo, e-United States, kuyilapho obergefell [ ifuna zonke izifundazwe ukuba ziqaphele imishado efanayo-yobulili, ezinye izifundazwe ziye zadlulisela imithetho noma izinguquko zomthetho-mthetho-sisekelo ezibonisa ukuphikisa, futhi isinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme singasho ukuthi iphinde ivikeleke. Imibhangqwana yakudala ayikwazi ukuhamba kakhulu futhi ayisanga ngokwaneleyo ukuya egunyeni elinobungane. Uma umbhangqwana uhamba usuka esimweni esithuthukayo uye kwenye yemithetho ephikisayo, ungathola ukuthi amalungelo athile anjengendlela yokushumayeza isibhedlela noma ilungelo lokwenza izinqumo zokuphila, ikakhulukazi uma imishana kamuva futhi ingasahlosene ngokomthetho.

Ukwaba Ifa Ngaphandle Komshado

Imibhangqwana eminingi yasebekhulile ayitholakali ngokomthetho. Abanye bakhetha ukungashadi ngenxa yezizathu zezombangazwe noma zomuntu siqu; abanye bakhetha ukungathathi thuba ngaphambi kokuba impilo yomngane wabo inciphe. Ngaphandle komshado ongokomthetho, ukuhlelwa kwendawo kuba yingozi. Abasindayo bangase bancishwe ifa, baxoshwe emakhaya ahlukene, noma balahlekelwe ilungelo lokuthola amabhange ahlangene. IMibuso ingancintiswa amalungu omkhaya aphilayo amelene nobuhlobo. Ngisho namaphepha angokomthetho anjengamandla ommeli noma aphilayo, izikhungo zezempilo namakhaya asebekazi abafa, ngezinye izikhathi abangazinaki izivumelwano lapho isiguli singenakukwazi ukuzimelela ngokwaso. [[FLT:]] Umthetho ungalwa nomthetho owembula ubuhlobo obufanayo ukuze kusungulwe ukuthembana kanye namandla ahlala, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi izinkonzo ezibiza imali ezikhona kulezi zifinyelele izinkonzo ezikhokhelwayo. [[FLT:]]

Ukungafani Kwentela Nezigwebo

Imibhangqwana eshadile ehlukene ngokushendeza ifanelekela izinzuzo zobungane ngaphansi kwe-Social Security (U.S.), i-Canada Pension Plan, noma izinhlelo ezifanayo zikahulumeni. Ababengashadile abandawonye (nakuba bebenamashumi eminyaka) ahlukene. Imibhangqwana eshade igcina ishadile ineminyaka engu-60 ubudala, izibalo ezithile ezizuzisayo zisekelwe emiphumeleni ekhona ngaphambi komshado, futhi zizuzise inzuzo eqabukelayo. Ezimweni eziningi, umngane womshado osaphila uthola ingxenye yalokho umbhangqwana oshadile oshadile ongase akutholayo, ngoba iminyaka yombhangqwana weminyaka engu-66 ehlala ekhaya ngaphambi kokuba uqashelwe ngokomthetho awubalwanga. Leligebe eliseqoko elina elivamile libangela ukuba imibhangqwana eminingi eyena eyena eyena eyena ezena ezeni elina ezeni elinakele eminyakeni yamuva.

Ukucwaswa Kwempilo Nokuphela Kwayo

Isimiso sokunakekela impilo sibangela ezinye zezingozi ezinkulu kakhulu emibhangqwaneni engabantu abadala abangokobulili obufanayo. Ukuhlangana kweminyaka yobudala, ihomophobia, nobandlululo lwezokwelapha kudala indawo enobuthi lapho ngisho nabantu abazinikele kakhulu bengase bafakwe khona eceleni.

Ukuntuleka Kwenhlonipho Ngesimo Sobuhlobo

Uma umuntu osekhulile elalaliswe esibhedlela, izisebenzi zingase zingaliqapheli igunya lomngane lokwenza izinqumo zokwelapha, ikakhulukazi uma umbhangqwana ungashadile ngokomthetho. Ngisho noma kunephepha lokugunyaza ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, ezinye izakhiwo zidinga izitifiketi zomshado noma iziyalezo zenkantolo ezingase zibe nzima ukuveza lapho kuvela inhlekelele. Lenkinga iyanda kubantu abadala abaphuthumayo, abazincwadi zabo ezibonisa ukuthi bangabantu abadala zingafanelana nobulili babo, okuholela ekudidekeni noma ekunqabeni amalungelo abo ngokuphelele.

Ukwesaba Ukukhulela Ekhaya Kuyakwesabeka

Imibhangqwana ekhulile exhunyiwe ivame ukulibala noma ukugwema ukuthuthela ezikhungweni ezisizayo ngenxa yokwesaba i-homophobia. Izindaba zezisebenzi ezivimbela imibhangqwana ukuba ihlale ndawonye ekamelweni, inqanda ukusondelana ngokomzimba, noma iklolodele ubuhlobo bayo. Eminye imibhangqwana ifihla ubuhlobo bayo ngokuphelele, iphila ‘ njengeqembu elicatshangelweyo” ukuze igweme ukucwaswa. Lokhu kulimaza inhlalakahle yayo engokomzwelo futhi kungaba nemiphumela engathi sína: uma omunye efa ngaphandle kokuvuma ubuhlobo, omunye angase aphucwe ifa noma ilungelo lokuhamba ngezikhathi ezithile. [[FLT:]], inhlangano eholayo eholayo eholayo eholayo yezelisa i-LBGTQk+ abadala, ibhale ukuthi inqubekela inqumo emashumini ye-de yokunakekela. [FLT.]

Ukunakekela Okungalawuleki Namalungelo Obuhlanya

I-Endduaofleram safe ukunakekela kugcwele kakhulu. Izindawo zokunakekela izibalo kwezinye izindawo zikhululekile emithethweni engadiscineki uma zihlangene ngokwenkolo, futhi zingase zenqabe ukuvuma indima yomngane oyedwa wobulili obufanayo ezinqumweni zomnakekeli. Ngisho nasezimisweni zezwe, izibalo zokungaboni lutho, zenza sengathi zicela “umakoti” noma“mfanyana” ngokwezimo ezihlukene zezesifazane. Imibhangqwana esemisha emisha ehlala isikhathi eside ingakwazi ukuqinisa amalungelo ayo, ukwesaba isijeziso noma ukuphelelwa amandla ngenxa yokulwa. Izinhlangano ezisekelayo njenge [[FLT:]] Ilungelo lomuntu lokuvikela izinkonzo zempilo ezingokwenhlala ezindaweni ezihlukene.

Ukuzihlukanisa Nomphakathi Nempilo Yengqondo

Izinkinga zokunakekela impilo nezomthetho zibangelwa ukuzihlukanisa kakhulu emphakathini. Imibhangqwana yasebekhulile engontanga yabo abahlanganyela ubulili obufanayo isengozini kakhulu yokuhlukaniswa nemikhaya engokwemvelo, ukuba nezingane ezimbalwa ezingase zinikeze ukunakekela, nokulahlekelwa abangane bengculaza phakathi nawo-1980 nawo 1990. Lokhu “kulahlekelwa okungabangela ukulahlekelwa” kungashiya bona ngaphandle kwesikhungo sokusekela ebudaleni.

“ Umkhaya Wamakhonsathi” Ungaphansi Kokuphazamiseka

I-LGBTQ+ abadala abaningi bakha ukuphila kwabo phakathi “komkhaya okhethiwe” wabangane nozakwabo. Kodwa lapho labobangane bekhula futhi befa, isimiso sokusekela siyancipha. Imibhangqwana engakaze ishade ngokomthetho, ukufa komngane oyedwa ngokuvamile kusho ukulahlekelwa umngane womshado kuphela kodwa futhi nokuxhumana komphakathi okuboshelwe umbhangqwana. Izikhungo zomphakathi ezinjengezikhungo zomphakathi, izikhungo zomphakathi, kanye nokuziqhayisa ngokuvamile kuseminyakeni engu-63 engaphambili, okwenza kube nzima ngemibhangqwana emidala ukwakha izibopho ezintsha. [[FLT:]] Ubuhlobo phakathi kombhangqwana bungubhubhane [FLTQ] ubhadane.: ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi cishe ziphila zodwa futhi zinezingantathu ngokunokwenzeka zingabini, cishe zingangenele ukuba zingakwazi ukubiza isibopho esiphuthuma esimweni esincane. [[FLTQ]

Impilo Yengqondo Nefa LikaStigma

Ukuphila kokucasha noma ukuphathwa ngendlela exekethile kubangela umonakalo omkhulu ngokwengqondo. Imibhangqwana yasebekhulile efanayo engosasini ibika amanani aphakeme okucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, kanye nokuzibulala kunawomabili ama - LGBTQ amancane kanye nabantu abadala abanobuhlobo bobulili obuhlukile. Bangase bangabaza ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwengqondo ngenxa yokuhlangenwe nakho okungathandeki kwalabo abanolwazi olubi ngezokuziphatha kwabo. Ngisho nabelaphi abanolwazi oluqinile lwesifo sokuziphatha. Ngisho nabezokwelapha abanolwazi oluphezulu bangase bangakuqeqediswe ku LGBTQ +. Imisebenzi yempilo yengqondo ephambili ngokwengqondo cishe njengaleyo eyanikezwa [[FLT:] Iprojecter yesikhathi esidlule] ngenxa yobusha noma abahambisanayo, asebenye nabo abadala, i-Saural’sline ehlolileyo.

Umbono Wezizwe Zonke: Intuthuko Negebe Elingapheli

Amalungelo omshado wemibhangqwana ekhulile engokobulili obufanayo awayona nje indaba yasekhaya. Isithombe sembulunga yonke sembula umsebenzi oyisixhakathiso wesivikelo, ezinye izizwe ezihola ezinye ziphinde zivuselele.

Inyakatho Yurophu: Izivikelo Eziqinile, Izinhlayiya Zempucuko Zisasele

Sekuyisikhathi eside amazwe aseScandinavia engamaphayona eLGBTQ+ amalungelo. ISweden, iNorway, iDenmark, neIceland agunyaza umshado ofanayo wobulili eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, futhi izimiso zawo zenhlala - kahle zinikeza izakhamuzi esezikhulile ukusekela okuqinile kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zishadile. Ngokwesibonelo, ifa namalungelo empesheni kuhlukaniswa kakhulu emshadweni, ngakho imibhangqwana efanayo engashadile ayihlupheki kakhulu. Nokho, ukwamukelwa kwemiphakathi yasebekhulile kulamazwe kungancipha; imibhangqwana esekhulile ingase ibhekane nesahlulelo esivela kontanga nakuzisebenzi ezinakekela impilo ekhulayo ezisadla inkathi engokwezingalawuleki.

ECanada naseAustralia: Imithetho Yomshado Ehlanganisa Ukufakelwa

I-Canada ibhalisa umshado ongowesilisa ngokwesini ngo-2005 futhi i-Australia yenza kanjalo ngo-2017. Bobabili banezivikelo eziqinile zikahulumeni ekucwaseni ucalucalulo olusekelwe ekuziphatheni ngokobulili. Nokho, imibhangqwana ekhulile exhunyiwe emaphandleni noma ekude ingathola abagcini bempilo abangajwayelene ne-LGBTQ + abadingayo noma abangaxhasi. Amaqembu amaqembu akhuthazi njengaye ULife unikeza izinsipho, kodwa izimali ezinikezwa izinkonzo zasebekhulile zihlala zinganele.

IMpumalanga Yurophu NeAsia: Lapho Ukulingana Komshado Kungekho Khona

Engxenyeni enkulu yeMpumalanga Yurophu, iRussia, nezingxenye ezinkulu ze-Asia, umshado oxubile awuqashelwa, futhi ubuhlobo obufanayo bobulili busengaphazanyiswa. Imibhangqwana ekhulile engokobulili kulezi zindawo ihlala ngokwesaba okungapheli. Ayinakho ukuthola noma yiziphi izinzuzo ezingokobungane, futhi ingabhekana nobudlova noma ukuhlukunyezwa uma ubudlelwane bayo bungaziwa. Eminye imibhangqwana emidala kulezindawo ibuyele ngokuphumelelayo ekuvaleni, iveza “izisebenzi” noma“ i-” ukuze iphile. Izindikimba zabantu emhlabeni wonke njenge [[FLT:] Izizwe ezihlangene zenkululeko yabantu [[FLT]] [FLD:1] ibizwa ngobukhulu bendawo yonke, kodwa intuthuko ihamba kabuhlungu.

Imithetho Yokwenqaba Engokwenkolo Nokuyenga Kokungavumelani Nenkolo

E-United States nasemazweni athile aseYurophu, imithetho engokwenkolo yokungakhululeki ivumela abantu ngabanye nezinhlangano ukuba baphike izinkonzo zemibhangqwana engokobulili obufanayo esekelwe okholweni. Lokhu kuthinta ngokuqondile imibhangqwana esekhulile efuna izindlu ngokholo emiphakathini yomhlalaphansi 76 esekelwe ezikhundleni zokholo noma ithola ukunakekelwa ezibhedlela ezingokwenkolo. inxusela iZikhungo zaseMelika zentuthuko [ [i-LT] ibhale ukuthi abantu abadala abakhulile i-LBT+ abantu e-U.S. cishe abakwazi ukungenela izinkonzo zasebe abadala, ngenxa nje yokuthi besaba ubandlululo. Lokhu “kugwema i-[FLTY] kuholela emiphumeleni empilweni engcono nasekuqaleni.

Izimiso Ezimisiwe: Okumelwe Kushintshe

Ukuhlanganisa imishado ehlukene ebhekene nemibhangqwana ekhulile engokobulili obufanayo kudinga ukuhlanganisa ukuthatha isinyathelo ezindaweni eziningi. Akukho lushintsho olungokomthetho oluyokwanela; isivikelo semvelo sidingekile.

Izinguquko Zezomthetho Ezingokomthetho Eziwumbuso

  • Inzuzo esemthethweni: Amazwe kufanele abale ukulondeka kwezenhlalo, umhlalaphansi, kanye nabasindayo izinzuzo ezisekelwe ebuhlotsheni obude bombhangqwana, hhayi nje eminyakeni abashade ngokomthetho. Lokhu kungadinga ukudala izimiso ezingokomthetho ukuze kubonakale ubudlelwano obude basekhaya, obunjenge-affidavits, izikhwama zentela ezihlangene, noma amarekhodi empahla ahlanganyelwe.
  • Amalungelo azenzekelayo e-Spousal Inflate for Lonǵ Sherm Cogabitors: ukungenisa umthetho onikeza ukuhanjelwa esibhedlela, isinqumo sezokwelapha, kanye namalungelo efa emibhangqwaneni engashadile eye yahlala ndawonye iminyaka echazwe (umz. iminyaka emihlanu). Izifundana eziningi zase-U.S. nasezifundazweni zase-Canada kakade zinemiphatho efanayo “yodwa ye-imvume” kodwa ayisebenzi ngokufanayo kwimibhangqwana ehlangeneyo ye-62.5.
  • Intengo eqinile: Ngokucacile ihlanganisa ukuthambekela kobulili kanye nokuzichaza kwabobulili obuhlukile njengezigaba ezivikelwe kuzo zonke izindlu, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, kanye nemithetho yokunakekela isikhathi eside. Vala izikhala ezingokwenkolo zokungangeni ezivumela ukucwaswa kwezinkonzo zentela.

Isimiso Sokunakekela Impilo Sithuthuka

  • Izifundo ze-LGBTQ + Ukuqeqeshelwa ukuhlanganisa: zidinga zonke izikole zokwelapha, zobuhlengikazi, nezezenhlalo ukuba zihlanganise ukuqeqeshwa kokunakekela i-LGBTQ eseyiziguli ezindala. Izibhedlela namakhaya asebekhulile kufanele kuhlolwe ukuthi ama-metric afakwayo ahlanganisa “umngane” njengendlela yokukhetha ubuhlobo futhi ukuthi izabelo zamakamu ziyawuhlonipha yini umbhangqwana othanda.
  • Ukuhlela Ekhaya Ukugada: abahloli bakahulumeni kufanele bafake imibuzo nge LGBTQ+ ukufakwa ezinsimbini zabo zokuhlola ezivamile. Ama-acterity atholakele akhethayo kufanele alahlekelwe i-Medicare/Medicaid crective.
  • Ukuhlanganisa i-community à Faced Care: Imibhangqwana eminingi yasebekhulile exhunyiwe ikhetha ubudala endaweni kunokungena ekunakekeleni kwezenhlalakahle. Ukuxhasa imali eningi ngezosizo zezempilo zasekhaya, ihospice, nezinhlelo zosuku zakudala eziklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa i-LGBTQ+ nobuhlobo.

Ukusekelwa Komphakathi Nesakhiwo Somphakathi

  • LGBTQ+ Izikhungo Ezinkulu Nezinhlelo: Amadolobha nomasipala kufanele kuxhase izikhungo ezinikezelwe ezinikezelwe ku LGBTQ+ abadala, noma okungenani ukusekela izinhlelo ezibhekiswe phambili phakathi namahora amadala ezikhungweni ezikhona. Imisebenzi yenkathi yokuzalwa inganciphisa ukuzihlukanisa kokubili ama-LGBTQ amadala nasemancane.
  • [ Imali yosizo esemthethweni: Ludala izimali eziphuthumayo zikahulumeni eziphazamisekile zemibhangqwana eseyikhulile ebhekene nokuxoshwa kwezindlu, izinkinga zezokwelapha, noma ukufa komngane womshado] ikakhulukazi uma igebe elingokomthetho liyishiya ingenazinzuzo ezingcono.
  • Inethi lokusekela: Isilinganiso sezinhlelo zokuzithandela ezisekelwe ku-81 , njengokuhambela nokuqinisekisa kocingo okunobungane kwe-SAGE, lapho i-LGBTQ + enkulu ihambisana khona nezisebenzi zokuzithandela eziqeqeshiwe zamashekezo avamile.

Isiphetho: Umkhawulo Olandelayo Wokulingana

Impi yamalungelo omshado ayikapheli. Nakuba ifulege likathingo likhuphuka emadolobheni amaningi, imibhangqwana emidala engokobulili obufanayo ihlala ingelinye lamaqembu ahluliwe kakhulu e LGBTQ+ umphakathi. Inezibazi zenkathi lapho inongqingili bewubugebengu noma beyisifo sobungqingili, futhi manje ibhekene nesithunzi esihloniphekile sokushaywa indiva lapho ikhula. Ukufuna amalungelo ayo kusho okungaphezu nje kokuhlanganisa umshado ngokomthetho, okusho ukuqeda ukubulala ukulimala kwamashumi eminyaka esikhathi sokuhlukana, ukuvuma ubuhlobo bayo kuwo wonke umongo womlando, futhi kwakha nesimiso sokusekela okuhlobene nomlando wayo nezidingo zayo.

Ushintsho lwezenqubo lulodwa alwanele; umphakathi kumelwe futhi ubhekane nobandlululo lwawo siqu ngokuguga kanye nobulili. Ukuboniswa okuhle kwemibhangqwana emidala engokobulili emithonjeni yezindaba, ezikhangisweni zezindlu eziphambili, nasezinkulu zokukhangisa, nasenkulumweni yeningi kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuphila kwayo okuvamile. Isinyathelo ngasinye sokufakwa ngokugcwele . Ngomthetho wefa eliguquliwe, umnakekeli wezempilo onekhono ngokwesiko, noma isenzo esilula sokuhlonipha umakhelwane esiqinile ukuthi uthando nesibopho kufanelwe isithunzi kuyo yonke iminyaka. Isahluko esilandelayo se-LBBTQ+ amalungelo kumelwe sifake inhlangano endala phakathi kwethu, ngoba akukho kunqoba okuphelele kuze kube yinoma isiphi isiphi isibini esizalwa, noma nini lapho sizalwa, singakhula inhlonipho yakudala futhi sihloniphe.