Indawo yomsebenzi iyindawo ebucayi lapho izisebenzi kufanele ziqaphele amalungelo azo omthetho-sisekelo nomthetho. Ukuqonda lamalungelo kunika izisebenzi amandla okuzisekela, ukuqaphela ukuphulwa komthetho, nokuqinisekisa ukuphathwa ngokulunga. Nakuba isivikelo somthetho-sisekelo sisebenza ngokuyinhloko ekuthatheni isinyathelo sikahulumeni, imithetho eminingi kahulumeni nohulumeni inikeza isivikelo esifanayo kuzisebenzi ezizimele. Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukuhlola okuqinile kwamalungelo omthetho-sisekelo asebenza emsebenzini, kanye nesivikelo semithetho esemthethweni esengeziwe okufanele wonke umuntu azi.

Ukubukeza Amalungelo Omthetho - sisekelo Emsebenzini

UMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S. uvikela abantu ngabanye ekuphathweni nguhulumeni, kodwa ukusebenza kwawo ezindaweni zomuntu siqu zamahlelo kulinganiselwe kakhulu. ISichibiyelo sokuqala, sesine, sesihlanu, neseshumi elinesine sinqanda abaqashi bakahulumeni ngokuqondile (isifundazwe, nesifundazwe, nezindawo). Kuzisebenzi ezizimele, lamalungelo asetshenziswa ngemithetho enjengethi VII of the Civil Rights Act, iNational Labor Relations Act, nemithetho-mthetho. Noma kunjalo, ukuqonda uhlelo lwemithetho-mthetho-mthetho kusiza izisebenzi ukuba ziqaphele lapho amalungelo azo ekhona futhi zikhona. Lesi sihloko sihlanganisa kokubili isisekelo somthetho-mthetho-mthetho-sisekelo nesivikelo esikhundlekile nemithetho enikezwa umsebenzi wanamuhla.

Amalungelo Ayinhloko Omthetho - sisekelo Emsebenzini

Abaqashi kufanele bajwayelane nezinguquko ezine eziyisisekelo ezithuthukisa amalungelo emisebenzi.

  • Isichibiyeli sokuqala: sivikela ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile, inkulumo, kanye nokuhlangana. Izisebenzi zomphakathi zinesivikelo esikhulu; izisebenzi ezizimele zithembele ngokuyinhloko emthethweni kahulumeni nasemithethweni yenkampane.
  • Isichibiyeli sesithathu: Izixwayiso ekufuneni nokuquleka okungacabangeki. Amaphutha aqondiswe kubaqashi bakahulumeni; izisebenzi ezizimele zinamalungelo ezindaba zomuntu siqu ngaphansi komthetho kahulumeni nomthetho wezimiso ze-tort.
  • Isichibiyeli se-pith: sivikela ekuzithatheleni. Amaphutha ezigijimi zobugebengu; izisebenzi zomphakathi ziye zenezela isivikelo ngaphansi . New Jersey.
  • [[NT:0] Isichibiyeli se-Fotmeth: siqinisekisa isivikelo esifanayo nenqubo efanele. Izisebenzi zomphakathi zinezivikelo ze-procedtural; izisebenzi ezizimele zivikelwe imithetho emelene nokungalawuleki.

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala: Ukukhuluma Ngenkululeko Nokukhuluma

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala sivimbela uhulumeni ukuba athathe inkululeko yokukhuluma evimbelayo. Kuzisebenzi zomphakathi, iNkantolo Ephakeme [ku- ngokuphikisana. Ibhodi yezemfundo iqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhuluma ezindabeni zokukhathazeka komphakathi kuyavikelwa uma kungaphazamiseki emsebenzini noma kukhubaze ikhono lesisebenzi lokwenza imisebenzi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uthisha wesikole wasobala akanakuxoshwa ngenxa yokukhuluma ngemfundo, kodwa isisebenzi esizimele sehlelo asisho ukuthi sikhululwe uma siphonswe ngenkulumo efanayo.

Nokho, izisebenzi zasebusothweni zivikelekile. INational Labor Relations Act ivikela “izenzo ezihlangene” — izisebenzi ezisebenza ndawonye ukuze zithuthukise izimo zokusebenza — ezivame ukuhlanganisa ukukhuluma ngeholo, ukuphepha, nezindlela zokuphatha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazwe amaningi anemisebenzi ehlukile enziwa ngokuba impindiselo yokubika umsebenzi ongekho emthethweni. Abaqashi kufanele babe nemithetho ecacile enikeza inhlonipho ngezisebenzi kuyilapho zigcina ukuhleleka.

ISichibiyelo Sesine: Ukuba Wedwa Nokucwaninga

ISichibiyelo sesine sivikela ekuphenyeni okungacabangeki nokuquleka. Izisebenzi zomphakathi zilindele ukuba kubekwe imfihlo enengqondo emahhovisi azo, emadeskini, nakumpahla, nakuba lelithemba lincishisiwe ezindaweni ezihlanganyelwayo noma ezifinyelelwayo obala. o’Connor v. Ortega[, iNkantolo Ephakeme yathi abaqashi bakahulumeni bangasesha ngaphandle kwemvume yokuba bafune imvume uma benengqondo ekwakheni nasenjongweni.

Kuzisebenzi ezizimele eziyizinkolo, iSichibiyelo sesine asisebenzi ngokuqondile, kodwa amalungelo ezindaba zomuntu siqu avikelwa ngomthetho kahulumeni, imithetho yokuhlola imishini, nezimiso zenkampani. Abaqashi kumelwe balinganisele izidingo zebhizinisi ezingokomthetho — njengokuvimbela ukwebiwa noma umkhiqizo olinganiselayo — kanye nezindlela ezibekelwe izisebenzi ezifanele zomuntu siqu. Imikhuba emihle ihlanganisa ukunikeza izimemezelo ezibhaliwe zezimiso zokuhlola, ukulinganisela ukuhlola izindawo ezihlobene nomsebenzi, nokugwema ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuhlasela njengokuqapha kwasendlini yokugeza.

ISichibiyelo Sesihlanu: Ukuziphikisa

IsiHluzi sesihlanu sivikela abantu ekuphoqelelweni ukuba bafakazele emacaleni obugebengu. Emsebenzini, lokhu kuvela phakathi nophenyo lwangaphakathi lapho izisebenzi zingacelwa ukuba zinikeze iziphakamiso ezingase zisetshenziswe kamuva. Kuzisebenzi zomphakathi, uzwela [ lwemfundiso ithi uma umqashi kahulumeni ephoqelela isisebenzi ukuba siphendule ngaphansi kokusongelwa kwesiyalo, lawomazwi awakwazi ukusetshenziswa ekumangalelweni kwezeleleni okulandelayo. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi “ilungelo lezempatho. ”

Abaqashwa bobusoshe abanakho [ Isivikelo [, kodwa basanelungelo lokuthula nokuya kummeli ngaphambi kokunikeza isaziso. Abaqashi abanakho ukuphoqelela noma ukubopha isisebenzi, kodwa bangayeka umsebenzi ngenxa yokwenqaba ukubambisana nophendlo olusemthethweni — ngaphandle kokuba isivumelwano senyunyana noma umthetho kahulumeni unikeze ngenye indlela. Abaqashi kufanele baqaphele ukuthi noma yini abayishoyo engxoxweni ingasetshenziswa njengobufakazi, futhi kufanele babuze ukuthi ingxoxo iyimfihlo noma isibopho.

Isichibiyelo Seshumi Nane: Isivikelo Esilinganayo Nenqubo Efanele

ISichibiyelo seshumi nane siqinisekisa ukuthi akukho mbuso “ongakholeleka kunoma yimuphi umuntu ongaphansi kwawo ukuvikelwa okufanayo kwemithetho.” Lokhu kusho ukuthi abaqashi bomphakathi abanakukhetha ngokusekelwe ohlangeni, ebulilini, enkolweni, noma kwezinye izici ezivikelwe ngaphandle kokuba nesithakazelo esiphoqelelwe. Futhi unikeza inqubo efanele ye-procedal — isaziso kanye nokulalela — phambi komqashwa onesithakazelo sempahla emsebenzini wakhe (isib. abafundisi abakhokhelwayo noma izisebenzi zomphakathi) bangaxoshwa.

Abaqashi bomuntu ababoshelwa ngokuqondile yiSichibiyelo seshumi nane, kodwa bangaphansi kwemithetho elwa nobandlululo: Isihloko VII se-Civil Rights Act, i-Age Discivation in Observation Act, amaMelika anemithetho yokukhubazeka, nemisebenzi engakhethi. Lemithetho ivimbela ukucwaswa ekuqashweni, ekudunyisweni, ekukhushulisweni, ekukhokheni, ekukhokheni, nasekutholeni imbuyiselweni. Abaqashi abakholelwa ukuthi baye bacwaswa ngokumelene ne-Active Ocroughty Commissioner (EOC) futhi bangagweba izindleko zokuzintshozwa.

Isivikelo Sesifunda NoMbuso Engeziwe

Ngaphandle kwezinguquko zomthetho - sisekelo, izisebenzi zijabulela isivikelo esiqinile ngaphansi kwezimiso zikahulumeni nohulumeni.

  • [[I-FLT:0] Ilungelo lokuhlela nokuhlanganyela emsebenzini ohlangene: Ivikelwe yiNational Labor Relations Act (NLRA).
  • [ Ifanele uFair Wages: Ivikelwe yiFair Sightal Act (FLSA) nemithetho yezwe.
  • [ Ngakwesokudla ukuya eMnyangweni Ophephile: Ivikelwe yi-Occupational Safety and Health Act (Umthetho we-OSH) kanye namasu kahulumeni.
  • Isokudla somkhaya neSaluka-jaji: Ivikelwe yiFamily and Medical Let Act (FMLA) futhi umbuso ushiye imithetho.
  • [[[I-FLT:0] Ifanele ukukhulula ekuvuselweni: Ivikelwe cishe yiyo yonke imithetho yemisebenzi yokuhlanganyela emsebenzini ovikelekile.

Ilungelo Lokuhlela Nokuhlanganyela Emsebenzini Ohlangene

INational Labor Relations Act inikeza izisebenzi ezizimele ilungelo lokwakha, lokujoyinana, noma lokusiza izinyunyana zezisebenzi; ukuncintisana; nokuhlanganyela “emisebenzi ehlanganisiweyo” yokusizana noma ukuvikela. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuxoxa ngeholo, ukusakaza izicelo eziphathelene nomsebenzi, nokufaka isibopho sokufaka isigqebhezana. INational Labor Relations Board (NLB) iqinisa lamalungelo futhi inqabe umqashi ukuba aphindisele, njengokudubula noma ukusongela izisebenzi ngomsebenzi wenyunyana. Ngisho nasemisebenzini engekhona, izisebenzi zinelungelo lokusebenza ndawonye ukuze zithuthukise izimo — isivikelo esihlanganisa kokubili amalungu enyunyana kanye nabangewona amalungu.

Ilungelo Lokukhokha Imali Efanele

I-Fair Labor Standard Act imisa iholo elilinganiselwe, idinga iholo elengeziwe eliphindwe ka-1, kayiphinda isilinganiso esivamile samahora angaphezu kwangu-40 ngesonto, futhi ivimbela ukusebenza kwezingane. Izifunda eziningi zineholo eliphansi kakhulu nemithetho ebanzi yokusebenza isikhathi esengeziwe. Zikhulula izisebenzi (ezizihluphayo, eziphethe, ezingochwepheshe, nezingaphandle kokuthengisa) azigunyazi ukuthatha isikhathi esengeziwe; ukuqashwa kuwukwephula umthetho ovamile. Abaqashi kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi banikwe isilinganiso futhi baqinisekise ukuthi bakhokhelwa wonke amahora asebenzayo, kuhlanganise nesikhathi sokulinda, nokulinda amahora anele. UMnyango we-Orray’s Wage ne- Hour Divition ufaka i-FLD ne-S.

Ukuya Emsebenzini Ophephile

I-Occupational Safety and Health Act ifuna abaqashi ukuba banikeze indawo yomsebenzi ekhululekile ezingozini eziqashelwayo ezibangela ukufa noma ezingabangela ukulimala okungathi sína ngokomzimba. Abaqashi kumelwe bavumelane nezindinganiso ezithile zokuphepha, banikeze ukuqeqeshwa, futhi babike umsebenzi ohlobene nokulimala nezifo. Abaqashi banelungelo lokubika izimo eziyingozi, bacele ukuhlola i-OSHA, futhi bahlanganyele ekuhloleni ngaphandle kokuphindisela. Isivikelo somphicoshelo ngaphansi koMthetho we-OSH nezinye izisebenzi ezivikela izingozi. Amalungiselelo ezwe i-OSHHA anganikeza isivikelo esengeziwe.

Ilungelo Lomkhaya Nekhasi Lokwelapha

IFamily and Medical Let Act ivumela izisebenzi ezifanele ukuba zisebenze amasonto angu-12 ekhefu elingakhokhelwa ngonyaka wokuzalwa noma ukutholwa kwengane, isimo sempilo esingathi sína sesisebenzi noma ilungu lomkhaya, noma ukubuyiselwa komkhaya wezempi. Izisebenzi kumelwe ukuba zasebenza okungenani izinyanga eziyi-12 (akulandelelana) namahora angu - 1 250 ngonyaka odlule, futhi umqashi kumelwe abe nezisebenzi ezingu-50 noma ngaphezulu. I-FMLA ifuna umqashi ukuba alondoloze umshuwalense wempilo ngesikhathi sokuhamba futhi avuselele isisebenzi esikhundleni esifanayo noma esifanayo lapho sibuya. Amanye amazwe anezimo asebenza kuwo umkhaya wawo siqu okhokhelwayo futhi ashiye izinhlelo zokwelapha ezikhokhelwayo.

Indlela Yokuvikela Amalungelo Akho

Ukuthatha izinyathelo ezibonisa ukuphulwa kwemithetho kungakuvimbela ukuba uqikelele amalungelo akho ngokuphumelelayo.

  • Yazi izinqubo zomqashi wakho nomthetho: Funda incwadi yezisebenzi, isivumelwano somkhandlu, nezaziso zikahulumeni nombuso osebenzayo.
  • Gcina ibhukwana eliphelele: Gcina amarekhodi ezenzakalo, ukuxhumana, nanoma ibuphi ubufakazi bobandlululo, ukuhlukumeza, noma ukuziphindiselela.
  • Sebenzisa iziteshi zokubika zangaphakathi: Umbiko okhathaza iHR, umphathi wakho, noma i-pane ehambisanayo ehlelwe enkambisweni yenkampani.
  • Icala ngenhlangano efanelekile: Ukucwaswa, amahele ne-EEOC noma inxusa lezemisebenzi likahulumeni. Ukuze uthole ukuphepha, thintana no-OSHA. Ngezindaba zomholo, thintana noMnyango Wemisebenzi.
  • Khonsoli ummeli womsebenzi: Uma uphuko lungakhiphi amakhambi angathi sína noma angaphakathi, ummeli angaluleka ngokuhlaziywa, ukuhlaliswa, noma ukuxoxisana.

Yazi Inhlonipho Nomthetho Womqashi Wakho

Isisebenzi ngasinye kufanele sizijwayelanise nezimiso zenkampani ezimelene nokungavumelani, ukuhlukunyezwa, ikhefu, imfihlo, nokuyala. Abaqashi abaningi kudingeka ukuba bathumele izimemezelo ngamalungelo kahulumeni nombuso (umz., FMLA, FLA, OSSA). Imithetho yoMbuso inganikeza isivikelo esibanzi — ngokwesibonelo, amanye amazwe avimbela ukucwaswa okusekelwe ekuthandekeni noma ebulilini ngisho noma ekwaziweni kobulili obungakhombani. Ukuhlala utshelwe ngamalungelo ombuso EC, [[FLT:]], [1]], ngokwesibonelo, , kanye [FLT] nophawu [FL:]

Londoloza Ukubhalwa Ngokuphelele

Uma usola ukwephulwa kwamalungelo, ukha irekhodi lesikhathi esisodwa. Khupha izinsuku, izikhathi, izindawo, amagama ofakazi, nencazelo eyiqiniso yalokho okwenzeka. Gcina ama-imeyili, imiyalezo yombhalo, ama-message, nokuhlola ukusebenza okubonisa indlela yokuphatha ngokungenabulungisa. Izithombe zezimo ezingalondekile, ukukhokha amarekhodi abonisa ukuthi awutholi isikhathi eseqile, noma amakhophi ezikhalo zobandlululo awubufakazi obubalulekile. Umbhalo ungagxeka uma ufaka icala noma icala, njengoba izinkumbulo nabaqashi zingaphenya i-akhawunti yakho.

Sebenzisa Iziteshi Eziyimibiko Yangaphakathi

Abaqashi abaningi banezimiso zokubika izikhalo — ngokuvamile umnyango we HR, i-heater engaziwa, noma isikhulu esimisiwe. Ukubika ngaphakathi kungaxazulula inkinga ngokushesha futhi kubonise ukuthi unika umqashi ithuba lokulungisa inkinga. Kungase kube futhi imfuneko kwezinye izikhangiso ezingokomthetho, njengokuhlukumeza umqashi lapho icala lakhe lixhomeke ekutheni wazi yini ngokuziphatha kwakhe.

Icala Ngezimo Zikahulumeni

Uma isinqumo sangaphakathi sehluleka, ungafaka icala kwinhlangano kahulumeni noma kazwelonke. Ukuze uthathe iholo lomsebenzi, kumelwe ufake icala nge-EEOC (noma i-osensitimenti efana nayo) phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-180 (noma izinsuku ezingu-300 kwezinye izizwe) lokwephulwa okuthiwa kuyaphulwa. I-EOC izohlola futhi ikhiphe “imvume yokufaka incwadi yokukhokha”. Ngokuphula umthetho ngehora, yenza isikhalo ngoMnyango we-ORC, ngezingozi ze-OSTAII. I-oftware ngayinye inemikhawulo nenqubo eqinile, yenza kanjalo yenza ngokushesha.

Bheka Isikhangiso Somsebenzi

Ummeli osebenza ngezomthetho wemisebenzi angahlola icala lakho, achaze ukuthi ungakhethani, futhi akumelele ezingxoxweni noma ekumangalelweni. Abaningi banikeza izingxoxo zokuqala zamahhala. Usizo olungokomthetho lubaluleke kakhulu uma ubhekene nempikiswano enzima — njengokuphindisela, ukweba, noma ukukhipha okungalungile — noma uma umqashi emkhulu futhi ekhutshazwe kahle. Amanye amacala athathwa ngesisekelo esiqinile, kusho ukuthi ummeli ukhokhelwa kuphela uma uwina. Funa ama-arhensities ezinxuseni zebhano zendawo noma ukusebenzisa imithombo yosizo engokomthetho uma kuyindaba.

Isiphetho

Ukuqonda amalungelo omthetho-sisekelo emsebenzini kubalulekile kubo bonke izisebenzi, kungaba emphakathini noma emaqenjini abantu. Nakuba uMthetho-sisekelo unikeza isisekelo, imithetho yezisebenzi nemisebenzi yanamuhla kuye kwandisa kakhulu isivikelo ekucwaseni, izimo ezingalondekile, iholo elingafanele, nokuphindisela. Ngokuhlala benolwazi, bebhala izenzakalo, bebhala iziteshi, futhi befuna iseluleko esingokomthetho, izisebenzi zingavikela amalungelo azo futhi zinikele ekusebenzeni okulungile nokulungile. Amandla anikezwa ngolwazi ayisici esiqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izisebenzi ziphathwa ngenhlonipho nangenhlonipho.