Intando yeningi ngokuvamile idunyiswa njengesisekelo sempucuko yanamuhla, emelela izwi nentando yabantu.

Umlando Wentando Yeningi

Umqondo wentando yeningi uye wavela ngokuphawulekayo emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka. Izimpande zawo zingalandelelwa emuva eGrisi yasendulo, lapho igama elithi démokratia" (kusukela ku demos "abantu" kanye ktos "umthetho" waqala ukusetshenziswa. Ukuqonda lentuthuko engokomlando kubalulekile ekuqapheleni ubunkimbinkimbi bentando yeningi kanye nezindlela zayo ezihlukahlukene zokuhlela namuhla.

IGrisi Yasendulo: Indawo Yokuzalwa Kwentando Yeningi Eqondile

E-Athene yasendulo, cishe ngekhulu lesihlanu BCE, idemokrasi yavela njengendlela eqondile yokubusa. Izakhamuzi − Amadoda akhululekile azalwa abazali base-Athene /(_iphakela ngokuqondile ekwenzeni izinqumo ngo-] Ekklesia[, umhlangano omkhulu. Lokhu kwakuwukusuka okukhulu ezimisweni zangaphambili zombuso wamakhosi noma i-oligarchy. Izici eziyinhloko zazihlanganisa:

  • Ukuhlanganyela ngokuqondile kwezakhamuzi emihlanganweni yezomthetho, lapho zaziphikisana khona futhi zivote khona imithetho.
  • Ukwengamela imithetho nezimiso ezingokomthetho, ngokuvamile usebenzisa ukubukisa ngezandla noma ngamatshe.
  • Izimpikiswano zomphakathi nezingxoxo ku- Agora njengendlela yokuguqula umbono nomthetho womphakathi.
  • Ukusetshenziswa kwe [[QL:0] i-ostrakon (umbuso wobumpongi) ekudingisweni kwabantu ababhekwa njengosongo kumbuso, umkhuba owavikela isimiso ebushiqelani.
  • Ukukhethwa kwezikhulu eziningi zomphakathi ngelottery (ukubheja) ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zimelela abantu abaningi futhi kuncishiswe inkohlakalo.

Idemokrasi yase-Athene yayilinganiselwe ngokulinganiselwe − ukuhlukanisa abesifazane, izigqila, kanye nabantu abangaphili ngokomthetho — kodwa yabeka isisekelo somqondo wokuthi abantu abavamile bangazibusa. Ifa lalokhu kuhlola liyaqhubeka lithonya inkolelo-lwazi nenqubo yentando yeningi.

Ukusuka ERome Republic Kuya Ekukhanyiselweni

Njengoba impucuko yayiqhubeka, umqondo wentando yeningi washintsha. IRome Republic (5092-27 BCE) yasungula iziqu ezimeleli ngesimiso sezimantshi ezikhethiwe neSigele, ihlanganisa izikhungo zezikhulu nezindawo ezithandwayo. Lesi sibonelo sathonya imibuso yentando yeningi yamuva. Ukuwa kweRepublic nokuvela kokubusa kombuso waseRoma kwabonisa ukuwohloka kwemithetho exubile.

Phakathi neNkathi Ephakathi, izinhloso zentando yeningi zazingasasebenzi kakhulu eYurophu, nakuba ukubusa ngokwezigaba kwasinda kwezinye izifunda zedolobha (umzk., iVenice, iFlorence) nangezinhlangano ezifana ne-Iceland Althing. ISikhanyiselo seNguquko yekhulu leshumi nanye neleshumi elinesihlanu savusemuva nesande semibono yentando yeningi. Izazi zefilosofi njengoJohn Locke, uJean-Jacques Rousseau, noMontesquieu mbono ecacile yobukhosi obuthandwayo, isivumelwano somphakathi, nokuhlukaniswa kwemibuso. Ngokuyinhloko lemibono yaqhubekisela phambili inguquko yeNguquko yezeNkavukela yezempucuko (177) kanye neNkanguquko yaseFrance (1779).

Idemokrasi emelelayo yaba yisibonelo esivelele, njengoba izizwe zazikhula kakhulu ukuba zingakwazi ukwenza imihlangano yezakhamuzi eziqondile. Ukwanda kancane kancane kokuncintisana kwezindawo ngekhulu le-19 nelama-20, ukususa izimfuneko zempahla, ukunwebela amavoti kwabesifazane namaqembu amancane, kwaphawula umzabalazo oqhubekayo wokuqaphela isithembiso sentando yeningi sokulingana kwezombangazwe.

Izinhlobo Zentando Yeningi: Ummeleli Oqondile v.

Ukuqonda intando yeningi kudinga ukuqaphela ukuthi kunezici eziningi.

Intando yeningi Eqondile

Ebuthweni lentando yeningi eliqondile, izakhamuzi zivota ngokuqondile ezindabeni zesimiso kunokuba zikhethe abameleli ukuba bazinqumele.

  • Imihlangano yase Switzerland ( Landsgemeinde) lapho izakhamuzi zihlangana khona minyaka yonke ukuze zivote emithethweni.
  • Izindawo zokudweba njalo eSwitzerland ezisemazingeni ombayimbayi nawamazwe.
  • Imihlangano yasedolobheni eNew England, e - USA, lapho izakhamuzi zihlangana khona ukuze zinqume indlela yokusebenzisa imali yendawo nezimiso.
  • Izibalo zebhola ezihlotshiswe ezifundazweni eziningi zase-U.S. (isib., isimiso sokusikisela kweCalifornia).

Nakuba intando yeningi eqondile iqinisekisa ukuthembisana kwezakhamuzi eziphakeme, ingathambekele ekubuseni kweningi nasekunciphiseni ngokweqile izindaba eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Intando Yeningi Emelele Uhulumeni

Idemokrasi emelelayo, eyaziwa nangokuthi idemokrasi engaqondile noma irepublicism, iyindlela esakazeke kakhulu namuhla. Izakhamuzi ezikhethiwe abameleli abenzela zona izinqumo zezimiso. Izici eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

  • Izinhlelo eziqhutshwa njalo ukuze kuqinisekwe ukuthi zizolandisa.
  • Ukuhlukana kwemibuso phakathi kwamagatsha aphethe, ashaya imithetho, nawahluleli ukuze kuvinjelwe ukugxiliswa kwamandla.
  • Isivikelo soMthetho - sisekelo samalungelo abantu ngabanye nezithakazelo zabo ezincane.
  • Amaqembu ezombangazwe namaqembu esithakazelo ahlanganisa futhi athuthukisa izinto ezihlukahlukene azithandayo.

Izimiso zommeleli zingahluka kakhulu: izimiso zephalamende (umz. United Kingdom, Canada) zihlanganisa imibuso ephethe ne-propatial, kuyilapho izimiso ze-presidenti (umz., United States) ziwagcina ehlukene. Izimiso zeHybrid, njenge statialism (umz., France), zihlanganisa izici zazo zombili.

Izimiso Zomthetho Zokubusa Ngentando Yeningi

Ngaphandle kwezimo ezingokwezinhlangano, ukubusa ngentando yeningi kusekelwe ezimisweni eziyisisekelo eziqondisa ukusebenza kwayo.

  • Ubukhosi obuPhakathi: Igunya likahulumeni lithathwa emvumeni yababuswayo. Abantu bawumthombo oyinhloko wamandla ezombangazwe.
  • [ Ukulingana okungalingani: Zonke izakhamuzi zinezwi elilinganayo ezindabeni zezombangazwe, kungakhathaliseki isikhundla sezenhlalo, ingcebo, noma imfundo. Lesimiso sisekela umqondo "womuntu oyedwa, ukuvota okukodwa]."
  • [ Umthetho wobuMarity noMkhulu: Izinqumo zenziwa ngokuthanda kweningi, kodwa amalungelo amaqenjana avikelwa ekuthatheni izenzo eziwumthetho. Lokhu kuvimbela "ukumelana kweningi"
  • Amalungelo omphakathi nenkululeko: amalungelo ayisisekelo ``inkululeko yokukhuluma, yokuhlangana, yenkolo, yokunyathelisa, nenqubo efanele'. Lamalungelo akha indawo yokuphikisana, yokugxeka, nokuncintisana kwezombangazwe.
  • I-RULET of for for for for the with: isetshenziswa ngokwemithetho emisiwe, isetshenziswa ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izakhamuzi. Akekho ongaphezulu komthetho, kuhlanganise nezikhulu ezikhethiwe.
  • Ukukhokha-mali nokubonisa ngaphaya: Abaholi bangalandisa kubantu ngezenzo zabo. Izinqubo zokwenza izinqumo zomphakathi kufanele zivuleke ukuze zihlolwe, futhi izikhulu zingasuswa ngokhetho noma ngokugunyaza.

Ukubusa Komthetho Nezinhlangano Zentando Yeningi

Intando yeningi enamandla idinga izinhlangano eziqinile eziphoqelela ukubusa komthetho, eziqinisekisa ukuhlola nokulinganisela, futhi zivikele inkululeko yomphakathi. Ngaphandle kwalezizivikelo zentando yeningi, izinhlobo zentando yeningi zingaba yize.

Amasheke Nokulinganisela

Ukuhlukaniswa kwemibuso ibe amagatsha emithetho, abaphathi, nahlulelo kuyisici esivelele sentando yeningi yanamuhla. Igatsha ngalinye lingalinganisela amandla amanye, livimbele noma iyiphi into eyodwa ukuba ingabuswa. Ngokwesibonelo:

  • Isishaya - mthetho senza imithetho, kodwa umphathi angayigunyaza, futhi abahluleli bangayishaya njengengeyona imithetho.
  • Umqondisi ophethe umisa abahluleli, kodwa isishaya - mthetho siyabaqinisekisa, futhi abahluleli bakhonza ukuphila konke noma izimvume ezinde ukuze baqiniseke ukuthi bazimele.
  • Ijaji lingabukeza izenzo eziphethe ezingokomthetho nomthetho - sisekelo.

Nokho, lesimiso sokwengamelana sibalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukuphambuka kwempoqo.

I - diary ezimele

Ikomiti yezomthetho ezimele iyindatshana yomthetho. Izinkantolo kumelwe zikhululeke ekucindezeleni kwezombangazwe noma ekukhohlakaleni ukuze zimelane nezimpikiswano ngokufanelekile, zivikele amalungelo abantu, futhi zichaze umthetho-sisekelo. Eziningi idemokrasi, abahluleli bamiswa ngezinqubo ezisekelwe ngokufanele noma ngokunqunywa yizikhulu ezikhethwe ngokuqinisekiswa kwemithetho. Inkululeko yomthetho isekelwa ngokuphila, imiholo emisiwe, kanye nesivikelo ekususweni ngaphandle kokuziphatha okubi.

Lapho ukuzimela kokwahlulela kuwohloka, ukulandisa kwentando yeningi kuyahlupheka. Izibonelo zihlanganisa amasu okujezisa inkantolo, ukujezisa abahluleli okushukunyiswa ngokwezombangazwe, nokungazinaki izinqumo zenkantolo. Internationalter Institute for Democracy and Electoral Conservation iphawula ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwentando yeningi kuhlobene kakhulu nokuhlonipha ukukhululeka kokwahlulela.

Indima Yokuhlanganyela Kwesigqibi

Isivumelwano somshado sibalulekile ukuze kuqhutshwe umbuso wentando yeningi, sihlanganisa imisebenzi evumela izakhamuzi ukuba zihlanganyele ngenkuthalo ekubuseni nasemiphakathini, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi uhulumeni uyasabela ekwamukeleni intando yabantu.

Izinhlobo Zokuhlanganyela Kwemicikilisho

Ukuthembisana ngesithembiso somshado kunezici eziningi, kusukela ezikhungweni kuya emisebenzini engokwethukela:

  • Ukuvota [ okhethweni nase-parenderum iyisenzo esisemqoka kakhulu sokuhlanganyela kwentando yeningi.
  • [ Ihlanganyela ekuhloleni komphakathi [, amahholo edolobha, kanye nokuzwa ezindabeni zenqubo.
  • Ukungena noma ukwakha izinhlangano zomphakathi, amaqembu okuphatha, nezinhlangano (NGO) ezimelela izithakazelo noma izimbangela ezithile.
  • efaka ekubhikisheni okunokuthula, emasha, nasemibhikisweni ukuze abonise ukungavumelani noma ukufuna ushintsho.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukuvulela imikhankaso yezombangazwe[ noma ukuzifunela isikhundla.
  • Ukuhlangana nezikhulu ezikhethiwe ngezinhlamvu, ama-imeyili, noma i-media yezokuxhumana ukuze kuzwakale imibono.
  • Ukuhlanganyela ekuqondiseni kwendawo ngemikhandlu yendawo, amabhodi esikole, noma amabhodi akhona.
  • [[Umthetho:0] Ukususa ngenkululeko njengezinqubo zezakhamuzi zemihlangano noma zokuhlela uhlelo lokuhlela.

Ithonya Lokuhlanganyela Kwentando Yeningi

Ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo kuthuthukisa umuzwa wokuba ngumnini wezakhamuzi futhi kuqinisa izinhlangano zentando yeningi. Imiphumela eyinhloko ihlanganisa:

  • Ukulandisa okukhulisiwe kwezikhulu ezikhethiwe:[ Lapho izakhamuzi ziboshelwa, izikhulu ziyazi ukuthi izenzo zazo zizakuhlolwa, zizenze ziphendule ngokwengeziwe.
  • [ Izinhlangano zomphakathi ezisebenzayo ziqinisekisa ukuthi amaqembu ahluliwe anezwi ezinqumweni zezimiso.
  • Imiphakathi ehamba phambili kanye nokuhlangana kwezenhlalo: ukuhlanganyela kwakha ukwethembana nenhloko - dolobha yezenhlalo, okubalulekile ekuxazululeni izinkinga.
  • Ukwaziswa okukhulu nokwazi ukuba isakhamuzi: Ukuhlanganyela nezindaba zezombangazwe kuthuthukisa ulwazi lomphakathi namakhono okucabanga agxekayo.
  • Umthetho osemthethweni wezinqumo zikahulumeni: [izakhamuzi zinomuzwa wokuthi zinezwi, zisengozini kakhulu ukwamukela izimiso ngisho noma zingavumelani.

I- Ezomnotho Iyunithi yedemokrati ye- Index ye- ibonisa njalo ukuthi amazwe anamazinga aphakeme okuhlanganyela komphakathi athambekele ekubeni nezinhlangano zentando yeningi ezinamandla kakhulu.

Izinselele Zentando Yeningi

Naphezu kwezici zayo ezinhle, intando yeningi ibhekana nezinselele eziningi ekhulwini lama - 21 leminyaka ezingase zinciphise ukuphumelela nobuqotho bayo.

Ukusongela Imikhuba Yentando Yeningi

Ezinye zezinsongo ezicindezela kakhulu zihlanganisa:

  • I-Platical Polatical: Ukuhlukana okukhulu kakhulu embonweni wemibono, wesizwe, noma emigqeni ehlukanisayo kungaphazamisa ingxoxo eyakhayo nokuyekelela. Uma ukwehlukana kuba okuthinta (kusekelwe ekuzibonakaliseni kunokuba kusekelwe ezingxabeni), izinhlangano zentando yeningi zingaqala ukuvala noma ziwohloke.
  • Ukucindezelwa nokungalawuleki: Imizamo yokuvimbela ukungenela ukuvota / ngemithetho ye-ID eqinile, ukususwa kwemicu yamavoti, ukuvota, noma ukulinganisela izindawo zokuhlola, [1] ukulingana kwezombangazwe. Lezizindlela zivame ukuthinta imiphakathi emincane nephansi kakhulu.
  • [[NTL: 0] I-Misform and Disformation: Ukwanda kokwaziswa okungamanga noma okudukisayo, ikakhulukazi ngemithetho-mthetho yezokuxhumana, kungaphazamisa ukuqonda komphakathi, kuqede ukwethemba ezinhlanganweni, futhi kulawule imiphumela yokukhetha. Ukujula kanye nokuqukethwe okukhishwe-aI kuveza lenkinga.
  • Ukuzingela nekhomphyutha: Lapho amandla ezombangazwe esetshenziselwa ukuzuzisa umuntu noma ukuvuza abasekeli, kuqeda ukuthembela kuhulumeni futhi kuholela ekuphathweni kwezimiso yizikhulu. Ukungalungi kululaza ukubusa komthetho futhi kuphazamisa ukusetshenziswa kwemali yomphakathi.
  • Abaholi abanganaki bangazama ukugxilisa amandla ngokululaza izingcingo, ukululaza ijaji, ukucindezela imithombo yezindaba ezimele, noma ukuthumela imithombo kahulumeni ngokumelene nabaphikisi bezombangazwe.
  • Ukungalingani okungokomnotho: amazinga aphezulu okungalingani kwengcebo angaguqula ukungalingani kwezombangazwe, njengoba izicebi zisebenzisa ithonya elingalingani ngezimali zomkhankaso, ukuthonya, nokuba nomnini wemithombo yezindaba.
  • I-Internecter: Abadlali bakahulumeni abalwayo bangazama ukuphazamisa idemokhrasi ngokuhlasela kwe-inthanethi, imikhankaso yokususa ulwazi, noma ukuxhasa imali kwamaqembu athathelwanayo.

Ukubhekana Nezinselele

Ukuze kuvikelwe intando yeningi, kubalulekile ukusungula izinguquko eziningi:

  • Ukufaka imithombo yezindaba ukufunda nokucabanga okugxekayo [ emfundweni ukuze kulwisanwe nokwaziswa okunganembile futhi kwakhe ukumelana nenkulumo - ze.
  • Ihlela izimiso ezithuthukisa ukufinyelela nokuhlanganyela kovota , njengokuvota okuzenzekelayo, ukuvota kwasekuqaleni, izikhomishane zeposi, kanye nezikhomishane zokuzivota ezizimele.
  • [ Ingxoxo evulekile nengxenye exhunyiwe yengxoxo ukunciphisa ukwenzeka kwezindawo ezibandayo. Izinyathelo ezinjenge Izingelosi ezingcono [ zihlanganisa ndawonye abantu abavela ezizindeni zezombangazwe ezihlukene ukuze bathuthukise ukuqonda.
  • Izimiso zokulwa nokonakala [ ngendikimba eqinile yokuqondisa eqinile, ukubonakala komkhankaso wezimali, kanye nezivikelo zokushaya ikhwelo ezinamandla.
  • Ukuhlela umkhankaso wezimali ukuze kulinganiswe ithonya lemali kwezombangazwe, kuhlanganise nokusekela umphakathi izimali zokhetho nezimfuneko zokudalula.
  • ngokuvikela inkululeko yokwahlulela ngokuvikela izinkantolo ekucindezeleni kwezombangazwe nangokumisa amajaji asekelwe ekufanelweni.
  • [ Ukufaka emfundweni yomphakathi [ ukuqinisekisa izakhamuzi ukuba ziqonde izimiso zentando yeningi nendima yazo ekuzisekeleni.

Imfundo Nentando Yeningi

Imfundo inendima ebalulekile ekusekeleni idemokrasi. Ukuvota okufundile kuhlonyiselwe kangcono ukuhlaziya ukwaziswa, ukuthatha iqhaza elibalulekile, futhi kubeke abaholi icala. Imfundo yokuba isakhamuzi sedemocratic ihlanganisa:

  • Ukufundisa umlando nezimiso zentando yeningi, kuhlanganise nokulwela amalungelo okuvota nenkululeko yomphakathi.
  • Ukuhlakulela amakhono okucabanga nokufunda agxekayo emithombo yezindaba ukuze kusetshenziswe ukwaziswa okuyinkimbinkimbi.
  • Ukulwela izimfanelo ezinhle zomphakathi njengokubekezelelana, ukuhlonipha ukungavumelani, nokuzimisela ukuxoxa ngenkulumo - mpikiswano ecatshangelwe kahle.
  • Ukuhlanganyela okukhuthazayo ekubuseni kwesikole, emikhandlwini yabafundi, nasemikhankasweni yenkonzo yomphakathi.

Nokho, izimiso zemfundo ngokwazo kumelwe zibuswe futhi zingaphazanyiswa abantu. Isikhungo semfundo ye-CVIC sinikeza imithombo yezemfundo ethuthukisa izakhamuzi ezinolwazi nomthwalo wemfanelo. Eziningi zentando yeningi, kunokukhathazeka okukhulayo ngokuncipha kolwazi lwezezentando yeningi nokukhula "ukukhathala okulawulwa yidemokrati" phakathi kwentsha. Imfundo yomphakathi evuselelwa iwukutshala isikhathi eside empilweni yentando yeningi.

Ikusasa Lentando Yeningi

Njengoba sibheka esikhathini esizayo, ukuziphendukela kwentando yeningi kuyaqhubeka. ubuchwepheshe obusha, izinhlangano zezenhlalo, nokushintsha kwezombangazwe kushintsha indlela izakhamuzi ezihlanganyela ngayo nohulumeni bazo nendlela igunya elisetshenziswa ngayo.

Ubuchwepheshe Nentando Yeningi

Ukuvela kwezindawo zobuchwepheshe kuye kwaguqula ukuthembisana kwezakhamuzi, kunikeza kokubili amathuba nezingozi.

  • Ukufinyelela okukhulisweyo kokwaziswa nemithombo: Izakhamuzi zingathola imininingwane kahulumeni, amarekhodi omthetho, kanye nezindaba ezivela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene.
  • Izindawo zobumboni nokuqoqa i-inthanethi: isiza ukuhlelwa okusheshayo kwemikhankaso yokubhikisha, izicelo, kanye nokuhlasela (umz., i-Arabia Spring, #-BLED LivesMatter, # MeToo).
  • Izindlela ezintsha zokuhlanganyela kwezombangazwe: Izinketho, ukuhlola kolayini, kanye namapulatifomu akhubazayo awenziwe ngemitapo avumela ukuhileleka kakhulu.
  • Uhulumeni uvule ukubonakala obala: uvula izinyathelo zokwaziswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kweziqephu zephalamende kwenza ukubusa kubonakale kakhulu.

Nokho, ubuchwepheshe busongela kakhulu:

  • amagumbi e-Echo namagwebu ahluzayo: i-algoricc ingenza izinkolelo ezikhona ziqiniseke futhi kunciphise ukuchayeka emibonweni ehlukahlukene.
  • [ Ukufakwa kwezikhangiso zezombangazwe: ukuhlolwa kokwaziswa okunesizotha kuvumela imikhankaso yokulawula abavoti ngokungaqondi okungokomuntu siqu.
  • Izakhiwo zokukhetha zingacishwa noma ziphazamiseke.
  • Ukucusha kanye nokucindezela: ohulumeni abagunyazi basebenzisa amathuluzi okulawula izinombolo ukuze baqaphele ukungavumelani nokuphikiswa.

Ukuqondisa amaplatifomu emishini, ukuvikela imininingwane eyimfihlo, nokuqinisekisa ukulondeka kokhetho kuyimisebenzi ephuthumayo kohulumeni bentando yeningi. [Konrad Adenauer Foundation[[FLT: 1] inezinhlolo ezibanzi zokulinganisela ubuchwepheshe nezindinganiso zentando yeningi.

Izinkampani Zomphakathi Nokushintsha Kwentando Yeningi

Izinhlangano zomphakathi ziye zafeza indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izinhloso zentando yeningi ngokufuna ukuba kube khona, ubulungisa nokulandisa.

  • Izinhlangano ezihlanganisa abantu kanye nobulungisa bezenhlalo: njenge Black Live Confect ilwa nobandlululo lwamaphoyisa olulawulayo nonya, ifunela inguquko yamaphoyisa kanye nokulingana okubanzi kwezenhlalo.
  • [[NT.0] Ukuzinziswa okungokomsuka: Ukunyakaza kwesimo sezulu kobusha (umz., uLwesihlanu lwesikhathi esizayo) kucindezela ohulumeni ukuba bathathe isinyathelo esithathelwe inhloso ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu nasekuvikelweni kwendawo ezungezile.
  • Ukulingana kwe-integer: I-Nini Una Menos umzabalazo wezwe lonke wabesifazane e-Latin America kanye noMnyaka kaMashi osekela amalungelo okuzala, iholo elilinganayo, kanye nokuphela kobudlova obusekelwe ebulilini.
  • Izinhlangano ze-Pro-democracy: ukusuka emzabalazweni wesambulela eHong Kong ukuya ekubhikisheni eBelarus nase Myanmar, izakhamuzi zifuna izinguquko zentando yeningi ngokumelene nemibuso ye-phorital.
  • Amalungelo abasebenzi nentando yeningi yezomnotho: Izinhlangano zeholo lokuphila, ukuhlanganiswa, nokuba nezisebenzi kubekela inselele ukungalingani kwezomnotho namandla enkampani.

Lezi zinhlangano ziqokomisa umzabalazo oqhubekayo wokwandisa idemokrasi nokujula. Zivame ukusebenzisa amasu amasha − ukuhlelwa kweqembu, ukungalaleli kwezakhamuzi, ukubuthwa kwenqwaba (nekubhekana nokucindezelwa okuvela ezikhungweni zikagesi eziqinile. Impumelelo yazo ixhomeke ekwakheni imifelandawonye, ekulondolozeni ukufaneleka nokuguqula izimpande zotshani zibe ushintsho olungokweziqu.

Isiphetho

Umbuso wentando yeningi uwumkhuba onamandla nolawulayo odinga ukuthatha isinyathelo esinengxenye ephelele kuzo zonke izakhamuzi. Akuyona inqubo eqhubekayo kodwa inqubo eqhubekayo yokuxoxisana, ukuncintisana, nokuvuselelwa. Ukuqonda umlando wawo, izimiso, izikhundla, izivikelo zokuhlela, nezinselele kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni umphakathi wentando yeningi onamandla. Njengoba silawula izinhlobonhlobo zokubusa kwesimanje (ukusukela ekuhlukani kwezimiso zemishini) kuya ezinkingeni ezibucayi zesimo sezulu, kusukela ekuphazamisekeni kwezomnotho kuya ekuphazamisekeni kwezentengilika yezwezwezwe, [1] Amandla abantu ahlala eqondisa ikusasa lethu. Ukulwela idemocralidiokratial ifuna ukuqapha, isibindi, nesibopho ezindinganisweni ezenza ukuba kube nokwenzeka: inkululeko, ukulingana, ubulungisa, ubumbanobumbano, nokubambisana.