I-Raje Sabra, njengegumbi eliphezulu lePhalamende laseNdiya elinamageji, inesikhundla esihlukile nesingathandekiyo esimisweni somthetho-mthetho. Phakathi kwemibuso yalo eminingi yomthetho-sisekelo, ikhono lokuveza nokudlulisa amalungu angawodwa iBills njengendlela enzima yokuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lwemithetho alunqunywa kuphela umphathi wePhalamende. Lo mbuso uvumela amalungu ePhalamende (amaMP) angayingxenye kahulumeni obusayo ukuba anikeze umthetho obalulekile, kanjalo uthuthukise impikiswano yentando yentando yeningi futhi ule imibono ehlukahlukene enqubeni yokulungisa umthetho. Nakuba izikweletano zikahulumeni zibusa isikhathi sephalamende, amalungu eSiqu sobulungu uBill asebenza njengendawo ebalulekile yokuvikela izinto ezingasenziwa ngaphandle kwalokho ezingase zithathwe yi-palvelves.

Ukuqonda Izincwadi Zamalungu Angabodwa: Umsuka Nenjongo

I-Albute Alungu lingumthetho osungulwe yilungu lePhalamende elingewona umfundisi. ENdiya, izikweleti ezinjalo zingafakwa kunoma yimuphi umnyango wePhalamende, kodwa impumelelo yabo iye yavezwa kakhulu ngokomlando eMthethweni weRaje Sabhaha. Lemiqondo isuka esimisweni seWestminster, lapho abagcini benikezwa khona izikhawu eziqondile zokunquma umthetho. Injongo eyinhloko iwukuvumela amalungu ukuba athathe iziphakamiso ezindabeni zomphakathi ezingase zingahambelani nezimiso zikahulumeni eziphambili. Lezi zikwehlela ububanzi obungahlangene nezinguquko zezenhlalo nesivikelo sendawo ezungezile nezimiso zezezezezempucuko. Naphezu kwalokho kunikezwa izikhundla zezentengo zezentengo zeze zomnotho. Naphezu kokuba kungabi njalo ukuba umthetho, ngokuvamile akhuthaza izinkulumo eziphawulekayo futhi angenza uhulumeni ukuba bathathe isinyathelo noma ukuphatha.

Amandla ERaje Sabha Enqubweni Yamalungu Ezincwadi

Indima kaRajiya Sabba egunyazwe umthetho-mthetho njengegumbi lokulungisa nokuqalwa kwalo okuyingqayizivele − amalungu akhethwe yimihlangano yesizwe yezomthetho futhi amiswa ngumongameli . “‘ ayinika ibanga elithile kukucindezela kwezombangazwe okusheshayo okuthinta iLok Sabhaha. Lenzuzo yesakhiwo iye yenza iRajija Sabra Sabba yasiza kakhulu ekusunguleni nasekucabangeleni amaLungu azimele. Ngokungafani neLok Sabba, lapho iningi likahulumeni ngokuvamile liholela khona ekubekeni izindleko ezinjalo ekupheleni kwesimiso noma ukuvinjelwa, iJavenya i-Shabbaha iqhushe isiko lokuzixoxa ngokucophelela ngokwengeziwe. Indlu ephezulu idlulise amaLungu ambalwa adumile, okungandile eSihab. Umehluko ongavamile kulokhu uSika eSika. Unyaka owenziwa u-Rajian uhlanganisa izigebengu eziphambili, futhi ufaka izingcweti eziphambili zezenteko, futhi ufaka izimali ezingokomthetho ezingokomthetho ezingokomthetho zokusekelayo ezingokomthetho.

Isisekelo Somthetho - sisekelo Nemithetho

ISiphakamiso 107 neSiphakamiso 108 soMthetho-sisekelo waseNdiya sinikeza amalungiselelo okuthulwa nokudluliswa kwezindleko, kuhlanganise nalawo abekwe amalungu angawodwa. Imithetho yeProcediture ne-Abiness eRajaya Sabba (Rules 64-73) ibusa ngokuqondile amalungu azimeleyo uBills. Isikhathi ngasinye, sibekelwe ukuqala kwawo kanye nengxoxo yentela, kuhlelwe ukuthi kusekwe izinsuku ezimbili zokugcina zesonto (amaFaith [Friday]). Ilungu kumelwe linikeze isaziso senyanga ngaphambi kokuveza isibhamu, ngemva kwalokho lihlolwa ngumthetho womthetho olandelwayo. Uma umthetho umthetho usemthethweni futhi ukhona phakathi kwesimiso sendlu, uhlelwa ukuba kuthulwe. Ngemva kwalokho, ukuthululwa kwesethulo.

Inqubo Eningiliziwe Yokwethula Nokudlula Encwadini Yamalungu Angabodwa ERaje Sabha

Ukuqonda inqubo ethatha isinyathelo sembula kokubili amathuba nezithiyo amalungu azimele abhekene nazo. Uhambo lwe-Associal Arms’s Bill eRajiya Sabhaha luhlanganisa izigaba eziningana:

Ingxenye 1: Ukuqaphela Nokuhlola

Ilungu kumele lithumele isaziso semali, kanye nombhalo wayo kanye nemininingwane yezinto nezizathu, okungenani inyanga eyodwa ngaphambi kwesimiso. IRajiya Sabra Secretariat ihlola izindleko nganoma yikuphi ukushiyeka komthetho-sisekelo, ukuphikisana nemithetho ekhona, noma ukuntuleka kwekhono lomthetho-mthetho. Uma itholakele isebenza, ifakwa esazisweni ngosuku lokuqala.

Isitayela 2: Isingeniso Nezingxoxo Ezihlobene Naso

NgoLwesihlanu olumisiwe, ilungu linyakazisa ukuhamba ukuze lethule ikhefu. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kunikezwa ngaphandle kwempikiswano. Nokho, uma uhulumeni noma amanye amalungu enqaba, kungaxoxwa ngokulinganiselwe. Uma selithulile, lolu phawu lukhishwe eGazette yaseNdiya futhi luba into esele yempikiswano yesikhathi esizayo.

Isiteji 3: Ukucabangela Ne - Referral Yekomiti

Ngemva kwesethulo, isaziso singathathwa "ukucabangela" ngoLwesihlanu olulandelayo. Ilungu linganyakazisa ukuthatha isikhwama ukuze libhekisele kumthetho weKomiti Yokukhetha noma weKomiti yaJoint. AmaKomiti avumela ukuhlola okuningiliziwe, amema ofakazi abangochwepheshe nokusikisela komphakathi. KuRajiya Sabha, ikomiti ebhekisa izikhombo ze-Hulumeni Committee’s Lines ngezikhathi ezithile iye yaholela emibhalweni yemibiko ephansi ethonya isimiso sikahulumeni ngisho noma isibambiso somthetho ngokwaso singadluli.

Isiqongo 4: Impikiswano Nokusakaza Izindaba

Uma isambati sihlelwa ukuba sihlolwe, kuba nempikiswano ephelele. Umnyakazisi uchaza izinhloso zemali, amanye amalungu akhuluma, futhi kunganikezwa izinguquko. Nokho, ngemva kwenkulumo mpikiswano, indlu ivotela ukudlulisa izindleko. Uma idluliswa iningi lamalungu akhona futhi avote (ukuba yilungu elilodwa eliphelele), imvume ithathwa i-Rapya Sabba. Nokho, kumelwe ihambe iye eLok Sabha ukuze ithole imvume yovumelwano, lapho ukuphikisa kukahulumeni ngokuvamile kuvimbela khona intuthuko yayo.

Isitezi 5: Ukudalelwa ELok Sabha

Ukuze i-Brill’s Private Committee ibe umthetho, kumelwe idluliswe kokubili futhi ivunyelwe ukuba i-presidenti. Imithetho ka-Lok Sabba ivumela uhulumeni ukuba abulale izikweletu ezinjalo ngokuphumelelayo ngokungazihleli, i-Rajiya Sabba u-Sabha ivame ukuba uphawu. Noma kunjalo, kuye kwaba nezenzakalo eziphawulekayo lapho iBhili yamaLungu edluliswa khona ngu-Rajiya Sabha kamuva ihoba yaholela ekuthatheleni isinyathelo sikahulumeni noma yaphinde yabekwa njengemvume kahulumeni. Ngokwesibonelo, uphawu u-Anti-Oudman (ulpalp) lwaqala khona njengoMhlanga wangasese ngaphambi kokuba i-Bill wakwamukelwa nguhulumeni.

Ukuqhathanisa Amarekhodi E - Raje Sabba NoLok Sabha

Izibalo zihlola i-Hugate Alls’s Synja Sabra indima evelele ye-Rajiya Sabha. Kusukela ngo-1955, i-Raje Sabha u-Bills engu-Human Commission, kanti i-Lok Sabha idlulise imingaki. Izizathu ziphindwe kaningi:

  • [[Isikhathi: 0] Indawo ethatha indawo: IRajiya Sabha ivame ukuthatha isikhathi esiningi kakhulu futhi ihlela izimpikiswano njalo, kanti iLok Sabhaha ivame ukuphelelwa isikhathi sesikhathi sesiqephu sezikweletu ezinjalo.
  • Ukwehluleka komthetho: Amalungu e-Lok Sabha axhumene kakhulu neziswebhu zeqembu kanye nohlelo lukahulumeni lwemithetho, okwenza kube nzima ukubeka izikweletu ezingezona zikahulumeni.
  • I-Pintinuty: Njengoba i-Raje Sabha iyindlu ehlala njalo, izindleko ezisungulwe kwesinye isiqephu zingaqhubekela kwesinye. Ku-Lok Sabhaha, wonke amalungu angasese aphelelwa ukushwabana, aphoqelela ukuba inqubo iqale phansi.
  • [ Expertie: IRaje Sabha ihlanganisa abahluleli abaningi abadumile, izazi zezomnotho, nabashisekeli bezenhlalo abafaka umzamo ekushicileleni umthetho othembekile, ngokuvamile bezuza inhlonipho ye-bipartisan.

Izinselele Nokulinganiselwa Kwamalungu Angabodwa

Naphezu kokuvuleka kwe-Raje Sabba's, ama-Hubry Arms abhekene nezithiyo ezinkulu. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuntuleka kwemiyalo ebophayo: Ngokungafani nezikweletu zikahulumeni, abanakwenziwa ingxenye yesimiso somthetho esingokomthetho se-Business Advisory Committee. Bancike ngokuphelele ekuhlaleni kwangoLwesihlanu, ngokuvamile okuyekwangathwa ngenxa yebhizinisi elithile. Ngisho noma uhulumeni ewaphikisa, cishe ahluleki ngenxa yokuthi uRaja Sabha umba umba okhetha izindaba ezinjalo akayona inseleleki emicimbini yonke, kodwa iqembu alivamile ukushaya indiva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lenqubo idinga ukulungiselelwa okukhulu kwelungu elingokomthetho (kuhlanganisa nokulungisa, ukuxhumana nochwepheshe, ukuncintisana nobuchwepheshe, ukukhiqiniswa kwemithombo yemali egcwele kakhulu. Njengoba amalungu amaningi engekho mpiswayo (inyani)

Izinkinga Zezimali Njengesithiyo

ISiphakamiso 117 soMthetho-sisekelo sifuna ukuba isikweleti esihilela izindleko zemali ekhungethe i - Contined Fund yaseNdiya siqale ngokutusa kukamongameli, okusho ukusekela kukahulumeni. Ngenxa yokuthi amalungu amaningi azimele aveza amaqhinga amasha noma izinhlelo, avele avalwe ngaphandle kokuba uhulumeni uwasuse. Lokhu kuyisithiyo esikhulu sokwakha esilinganisela kakhulu izikweletu ezinjalo.

Ukushintsha Izincwadi Zibe Izimiso

Ngisho noma i-Hubry Alungu’s Bill ingabe ingumthetho, isengaba nethonya elinamandla. Izindleko eziningi ezithathelwe phezulu ezaqanjwa uRajiya Sabhaha amalungu aholela ezinguquni ezinkulu zenqubo. Ngokwesibonelo:

  • Ilungu elifakwe umfakela M.P. Veerendra Kumar lasungula umthetho wokulawula ukusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki ngo 1999, kamuva owakha isisekelo sePlastic Waste Management Rules.
  • Raja Sabra ilungu le-K.S. Gill wasungula isiphakamiso sokuzingela ngezandla ngo 1993, esisiza ukusheshisa umthetho kahulumeni ngokwakhe kulendaba.
  • Ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo abantu noMthetho wokukhubazeka, 2016 kwathatha kakhulu ku-Bills zangaphambili zamalungu omphakathi ezisuka eRajiya Sabha.

Izibonelo ezinjalo zibonisa amandla eMilungu yangasese asebenza njengezinto ezibangela ushintsho lwemithetho , ngisho noma bengayiqedi inqubo engokomthetho yokumisa.

Izinguquko Ezisikiselwa Ukuqinisa Izitifiketi Zamalungu Angabodwa

Ngenxa yokubaluleka kwawo kwentando yeningi, amakomiti amaningi ephalamende nochwepheshe bezomthetho baye bacela izinguquko ukuze kwenziwe amaBhili Amalungu Azimele aphumelele ngokwengeziwe.

  • Isikhathi esifinyelelwe: inani elilinganiselwe lezinsuku zokuhlala ngesiqephu kuphela samaBhili azimele, ngokucishwa okulinganiselwe.
  • [ Ukuhlolwa kweKomiti okuqinile: Wonke Amalungu azimele adlula iqophelo lokuqala kufanele abhekiswe ngokuzenzekelayo ekomitini emile enemisebenzi ebophayo yokubika.
  • Ku-Online Best and Open Data:[ Ukumiswa kwayo yonke inqubo, ukuvumela ukucusumbulwa nokusikisela komphakathi, okufana nokuthatha izinyathelo zomtapo we-Digital Library[.
  • Ezezimali ezibekwe phambili: Ikomiti ezinikezele yokuhlola imiphumela engokwezimali yamalungu angawodwa nezincwadi zangaphambi kokukhipha izitifiketi zokunqoba iSiphakamiso 117.

Nakuba ingekho kulezinguquko eseke yasetshenziswa ngokugcwele, i-Raje Sabra iye yaqala ukubonakala kakhulu ngokunyathelisa amaBhishopu angamalungu omphakathi nge-intanethi nangokunikeza ukusekela kokudweba izishaya - mthetho emalungwini nge- i-Lok Sabba Sectariat’s Bill Difting Cell (okusiza futhi i-Rajya Sabra amalungu ayo).

Ukubaluleka Okubanzi Kwentando Yeningi YamaNdiya

Ikhono likaRaje Sabya Sabba lokuveza nokudlulisa amaBhili e-Orient Lines lingaphezu nje kokuthatha isisekelo somthetho we-procebralct; liyisisekelo sesimiso sentando yeningi esinempilo engokwentando yeningi. Iqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo yomthetho ayilawulwa umphathi wenkampani nokuthi wonke amalungu endlu ephezulu anendlela eqondile yokuveza izixazululo zokuphonsa izimpikiswano zesizwe. Leli gunya liqinisa isimiso sokumelela izimpawu zezwe. Inkulumo evame ukugcinwa, ukuqinisa amaLungu athinta amazwe awo, umphakathi womphakathi, noma imiphakathi ebekwe ngokweziphazamiso ngolimi lwe-Gauthomu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhuthaza impucuko yempikiswano nohlelo, lapho imibono ivivinywa khona izimpikiswano, hhayi nje imigqa. Ngesikhathi lapho ukuphumelela komthetho kuvame ukuhlanganisa impikiswano, ukuqinisa amaLungu eHluleki eMbusweni womthetho, ukusekela indlela elungele ukubusayo i-Ebuthenwayo.

Isiphetho: Ithuluzi Elingaphansi Kodwa Elibalulekile Lomthetho

Amandla eRaje Sabba ukuba adlulise futhi adlulise ama-Brim aMalungu e-Orient Community asendaweni ekhethekile ekwakheni komthetho-mthetho we-Indiya. Nakuba izinga lempumelelo yezindleko ezinjalo lihlala liphansi ngenxa ye-procedtural nemithetho yezombangazwe, inani lawo alikho ekubeni nje kuphela ngokuba umthetho kodwa ligxile enkulumweni engokwesimiso, liqokomisa izindaba ezishayelweyo, futhi libeke uhulumeni u silandise. I-Rajiya Sabba, kanye nohlobo lwayo oluvelele nozimele, kuye kwasetshenziswa ngomlando amandla aphumelela kakhulu kune-Lok Sabbah, ukubeka izibonelo zokuthi umthetho we-benk ungayithonya kanjani ngempela inqubo yesizwe. Ngoba iPhalamende libonisa ngempela intando yabantu, leli gunya kumelwe likhuliswe, hhayi uhlangothi. Njengoba nje, ukuqonda indima emelelwelwelwelwelwelwelwelwe-Obelungu loMkhathiwedwa, kusiza ukuphatha umthetho wentando yentando yentando yeningi.

Ukufundwa okuqhubekayo, bhekisela kwi- Insakazo yemithetho ye-PRS yokwaziswa okuningiliziwe kwe-Brills yamaLungu, kanye nesikhulu se- Rajya Sabba Website[ yemithetho eyimfihlo nemibhalo engokomlando. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlaziywa okubanzi kwezincwadi eziphumelelayo zamalungu angasese kutholakala ngesihloko se-Hindu [[FLT]]