I - organ Congress Iyini Ukuqondisa Okukhethekile (Futhi Isizathu Sokuba Kube Nezinkinga)?

Kuyinkundla enkulu yentando yeningi yaseMelika, umqondisi wesigaba sokulawula ufeza indima egxekayo kodwa evame ukungathathwa kahle. Nakuba umongameli ethatha izihloko zezihloko zezindaba nezinqumo zeNkantolo Ephakeme zibangela izimpikiswano zesizwe, umsebenzi wosuku lwezinsuku zobuphengululi, ukuhlola, nokubheka igatsha eliphethe i-computer lisekela ngokuthule izisekelo zombuso wentando yeningi. Lo mbuso uphenya, umbuzo, futhi ufune izimpendulo ezivela ezikhulwini ezinkulu zikahulumeni / jplustrate [=*] njengesinye sezikhundla ezidingekayo ezidingekayo ebusa ngentando yeningi ngokulawula, inkohlakalo, nokungalawule.

Ukuqonda indlela ukuphathwa kwe-cornational cornational esebenza ngayo[ kwembula okungaphezu kwamakhenika awezentengiselwano; kukhanyisa umzabalazo oqhubekayo wokulondoloza ukulingana phakathi kwamagatsha kahulumeni, ukushukuma kokukhanya nokulondeka, nenselele yokuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kabi kwamandla kuyilapho kukwazi ukubusa ngokuphumelelayo. Ukusuka eWatergate ukuya e-Iran-Contra, kusukela ku-9/11 Commission ukuya ekuphenyeni, ukuqondisa kwe-CHOVAID, ukuqondisa kwe-19 kwenhlangano kuye kwaguqula umlando waseMelika futhi kuyaqhubeka ukuchaza imingcele yegunya lempatho.

Kodwa amaMelika amaningi awakaqondi ukuthi ukuqondisa kobukhonya kuhilelani ngempela, ukuthi kusebenza kanjani, nokuthi kungani kubalulekile ekuphileni kwawo kwansuku zonke. Lokhu kungaqondi kunciphisa ukuhlanganyela kwentando yeningi futhi kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kabi kwesimiso sombuso ukuba kungadideki. Ngokuhlola izindlela zokuqondisa, umlando, nezinselele zamanje, singaqonda kangcono lokhu kuhlola okuyisisekelo ngokuphathelene namandla kahulumeni futhi siqonde indima yethu ekusekeleni ukuqondisa okuphumelelayo.

Iyini Isisekelo Somthetho - sisekelo Songamele Inhlangano?

Ukuchaza Amandla Okulawula

Umqondisi we-Cregional ubhekisela ekubukezeni, ekuhloleni, nasekuqondiseni kwezinhlangano zikahulumeni, izinhlelo, imisebenzi, nokusetshenziswa kwezimiso ze-United States Congress. Lo mbuso usiza ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuthi igatsha eliphethe lisebenzisa imithetho ngendlela ehlongozayo, lisebenzisa imali ekhokhelwayo, futhi lisebenza phakathi kwemingcele engokomthetho nengokokuziphatha.

Nakuba uMthetho-sisekelo ungakhulumi ngokucacile "ukwenga," lomandla asuka kumalungiselelo amaningana omthetho-sisekelo. Inikeza u-Article [ igunya lokwenza imithetho, izimali ezifanele, kanye nezikhulu ezizimele, `igunya elidinga amandla okuhlola nokuhlola. U-Claus obalulekile unikeza uMkhandlu izindlela zokusebenzisa amandla awo adwetshiwe ngokuphumelelayo, lawo izinkantolo eziye zawachaza ukuba ahlanganise igunya.

INkantolo Ephakeme iye yawaqinisekisa ngokuphindaphindiwe amandla obubonisi boMkhandlu. McGrain v. Daughherty (1927), iNkantolo yathi "amandla okubuza] ngokuphoqelela [1] iyinqubo ebalulekile nefanele ukusebenza emsebenzini wemithetho." Lokhu kuqaphela kokwahlulela kumisa ukuqondisa hhayi njengethuluzi lezombangazwe elibodwa kodwa njengenkonzo eyisisekelo edingekile yomthetho ophumelelayo nokulandisa.

Isisekelo Somthetho - sisekelo Nomkhuba Wangaphambili

AmaFramers oMthetho-sisekelo aqonda ukubaluleka kokuhlola amandla okulawula. UJames Madison wabhala ku- Faceralist No. 51 ukuthi "ukuzimisela kumelwe kwenziwe ukuze kulwisane nesifiso sokuvelela," ukwakha uhlelo lapho igatsha ngalinye lingase liqaphe ukuba lingaphazanyiswa abanye. Lefilosofi yafaka ukuqondisa ehlelweni lomthetho-mthetho ngisho nangaphandle kokusho okucacile.

AmaKhomishane okuqala ngokushesha amisa izibonelo zobungameli. Ngo-1792, iNdlu yabameleli yahlola inhlekelele yezempi General Arthur St. Clair’s anqotshwa amabutho amaMelika amaNdiya, emisa ilungelo loKhongolo-kahulumeni lokuhlola ukuhluleka kwegatsha. Lokhu kuhlola kwamisa izenzakalo ezibalulekile: UKhomishane yafuna izincwadi egatsheni eliphethe, iphoqelela ubufakazi obuvela kuziphathimandla, futhi yenza umbiko ugxeke izenzo zezikhulu.

Uphenyo 1827 eBank yesibili yase-United States lwabonisa indlela ukuphathwa kwe-coral kungadalula ngayo ukonakala nesimiso sethonya. Abacwaningi bamaKhomishane baveza ukungahleleki kwezimali kanye nokusebenzisana kwezombangazwe, ekugcineni okunengxenye kuMongameli Andrew Jackson ekukhipheni izingqwembe zemali ebhange. Lesi sibonelo sakuqala sabonisa ukuthi ukuqondisa kungaveza kanjani ushintsho lwenqubo yekhonkolo ngaphandle nje kokuthola amaqiniso.

Ukuziphendukela Kwemvelo Ngomlando WaseMelika

Igunya lobubonisi laqala ngokuphawulekayo phakathi nezinkinga zesizwe. IMpi Yombango yabona i-Congress idala iKomiti eMahloni ePhakeme yeMpi , eyahlola imisebenzi yezempi, ukuphamba, nezinqumo zokuqondisa. Ngezikhathi ezithile lapho izama ukuthatha izinqumo zempi, lekomiti yamisa isimiso sokuthi ngisho nezikhulu zempi zangesikhathi sempi zibhekene nokuhlolwa kwengqungquthela.

INkathi yeNkathi ehamba phambili yaletha ukuqondisa okuhleleke kakhulu njengoba uhulumeni kahulumeni wamazwe wanda. I-Teapot Dome] uphenyo lwezehlazo kuma-1920] lwadalula ukonakala emazingeni aphakeme kakhulu kahulumeni, kanye nabaphengululi beSigele bembula ukuthi unobhala weSizwe uAlbert Fall wamukela ukufunjathiswa ngenxa yokuthengwa kukawoyela. Lokhu kuhlola kwabonisa amandla okuhlolwa kokukhohlakazeka okunga okungase kuphuthe abashushisi beze.

Isimiso sobubonisi sanamuhla savela ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II nge- Ligilisative Reorgation Act ka- 1946, egunyazwe ngokusemthethweni ukuba isebenzise amakomiti amile "eqhubeka eqapha" phezu kwezinhlangano ezingaphansi kwegunya lawo. Lokhu kuguqulwa kwenza umsebenzi ohlala njalo, ohlelwe ngokwezinqubo kunokuba kube ukusabela kobukhohla.

Indlela Ingqungquthela Eqondisa Ngayo: Amathuluzi Nemishini

Ukucwaninga Kwekomiti Nezindlebe

Amakomiti e-Createnational asebenza njengezimoto eziyinhloko zokwengamela , kanye nekomiti ngayinye egada izinhlangano ezithile nezindawo zezimiso. IKomiti yendlu yoMnyango noHlumo ne-Committee on Homeland Security and Government Affairs isebenza njengemishini elawula uhulumeni jikelele, kuyilapho amanye amakomiti egxile eminyangweni ethile nasezikhungweni zemithetho.

Amandla Ezindlebe Zomphakathi

Umphakathi umelela ithuluzi lobubonisi elibonakala kakhulu. Le micimbi ifeza izinjongo eziningi: ukuqoqa ukwaziswa komphakathi, ukunaka izikhulu ngezindaba, nokuzinika izikhulu icala ngokuphenywa komphakathi. Ukuzwa kwezezwi (ukuphakamisa izandla zokunene, ukubuza ngenkani, nezambulo eziphawulekayo) ukunaka kwemithombo yezindaba nesithakazelo somphakathi ngezindlela imibiko ebhaliwe engenakuzinikeza.

Ukulalela okuphumelelayo kudinga ukulungiselela kakhulu. Izisebenzi zekomiti zichitha izinyanga zihlola, zixoxa nofakazi, futhi zibukeza izincwadi phambi kwamalungu ezibuza ofakazi obala. izindlebe zobubonisi obungcono kakhulu zihlanganisa ukulungiselela ngokuphelele ngemibuzo ehleliwe, zisebenzisa ipulatifomu yomphakathi ukuze zembule ukwaziswa futhi zakhe ukucindezela kwenguquko.

Izindlebe eziphezulu zingabuyisela umbono nomthetho womphakathi. 1973 Isigele saMathegagate yafaka ihlobisa isizwe, ngobufakazi obuveza ubugebengu be-Nixon nokwemboza. Muva nje, ukuzwa ngokuhlasela kwe-Benghazi, nakuba kuphikisana nezombangazwe, kwabonisa indlela ukuqondisa okuqinile okungagxila ngayo ekuhlulekeni kwegatsha.

Izinhlelo Nezingxoxo

Ngaphandle kombukwane womphakathi, umsebenzi omkhulu wobubonisi wenzeka ezindlini ezivalekile nasemibuzweni yezisebenzi. Lezi zimo zivame ukuveza ubufakazi obuqotho kakhulu, njengoba ofakazi bezizwa bengenamandla okuqhuba amakhamera. izikhulu eziyinhloko zingaveza imininingwane yokuthi ubufakazi basobala bungafihla, ukunikeza amakomiti ngezikhali zomphakathi noma isenzo somthetho.

Uphenyo lwendlu lwango-2019 lwabonisa amandla ezindawo ezivalelwe ezilandelwa ukuqulwa kwecala lomphakathi. Ubufakazi bokuqala bangasese obuvela kubaphathi bezezokuphepha bezwe nezikhulu zezezokuphepha baveza amaqiniso okuthi ukuqulwa kwamacala omphakathi kamuva kwanyuswa, kwakha ukulandisa okwakha ukuqonda komphakathi izenzakalo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Amandla Okuthenga

Ukulawula komthetho-mthetho-sisekelo phezu kwezinhlelo kunikeza amandla okuqondisa. Ngokulawula ukuxhasa ngemali, uMkhandlu ungavuza izinhlelo eziphumelelayo, ukujezisa ukuphatha kabi, kanye nokuphoqa ushintsho ngaphandle kokumisa imithetho emisha.

Ukugada

Inqubo yokunikeza imvume yaminyaka yonke idinga izinhlangano ezithethelela izimali zazo, zinikeze amathuba avamile okuqondisa. Amakomiti ahlola ukusetshenziswa kwemali, izinto eziza kuqala ezikhona, nokuhlanganisa izimo zokuxhasa ngemali. La malungiselelo "amandla esikhwama" angalawula ngokuphumelelayo isenzo sokuphatha [1] Izimo eziphuthumayo azivamile ukungazinaki izimfuneko ezihlobene nokuxhasa kwazo imali.

ISishaya-mthetho siye sasebenzisa leli gunya ukuvimbela ukuthatha inqubo esukela ekuvaleni iGuantanamo Bay ukuhlanganisa nokusebenzisa imithetho ethile yendawo ezungezile. Nakuba abacusumbuli bephikisa abagibeli abanjalo bephula inqubo yokushaya umthetho, abasekeli bawabheka njengokusetshenziswa okungokomthetho kwemithetho yokusebenzisa imali.

Ukubukeza Nemikhankaso Yohlelo Lokusebenzisa Imali

I-ofisi ye-authority (GAO) ye-GOU) , ingalo yophenya, iphethe izinhlelo zikahulumeni nemali echithwayo. Imibiko yeGAO inikeza ukuhlaziywa okungasebenzisi amakomiti ukuveza indle, ukukhwabanisa, nokungagculisi. Ngezisebenzi ezingaphezu kuka-3000 kuhlanganise nezigqindi, abacwaningi, nabahlaziyi bezimiso, i-GAO isebenza njengensi eyinhloko ye-Congress Congress ukuze ihlole izinhlelo ezizimele.

I-GAO’S High Risk List iveza imisebenzi kahulumeni esengozini yokulahlwa, yokukhwabanisa, ukuxhashazwa, noma ukuphatha kabi. Lombiko weminyaka engamashumi amabili uqondisa ukuqondisa ezindaweni ezinezinkinga, kusukela eMedicare nase Medicaid kuya ekungakhuli. I-CPUPression on the High Rist Rist ubuso buyenyuka kuze kube yilapho ziveza intuthuko.

Izisekelo zokugunyaza

Igunya lesigele lokuqinisekisa abamiswe njengomongameli lidala amathuba okuqondisa phambi kokuba izikhulu zithathe isikhundla. Iziqinisekiso [ zivumela izinyunyana ukuba zikhiphe izibopho zemithetho, zihlole izizinda zomongameli, futhi zimise amathemba okungaqondisa kwesikhathi esizayo.

Izinqubo zanamuhla zokuqinisekisa ziye zaba eziphikisanayo ngokwandayo, ngokuhlola isizinda, ukuphenya imibuzo emide, nokuthola imininingwane engokwezimali.

Usongo lokuqinisekiswa okunzima luthonya izinqumo zomongameli. Omongameli bangase bagweme ukuveza izibalo eziphikisanayo noma labo abanezizinda ezinenkinga, bazi ukuthi iSigele sizohlaziya ukukhetha kwabo.

Izidingo Zolwazi Namandla Angaphansi Kwamandla

Umphakathi unegunya elikhulu lokufuna ukwaziswa egatsheni eliphethe. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukucela amaphepha, imininingwane, nobufakazi kuziphathimandla. Nakuba kuthandwa ukuvuma ngokuzithandela, amakomiti angakhipha [[FLT: 0] ama-subpoena ukuze aphoqe ukuba kukhiqizwe ukukhiqizwa [[[FLT: 1] kokwaziswa lapho izinhlangano zimelana.

Igunya elingaphansi, nakuba linamandla, libhekene nokulinganiselwa okuwusizo nokungokomthetho. Ilungelo eliphetheyo lingavikela ezinye izingcingo zomongameli, futhi izinkantolo ngokuvamile zidinga injongo ethile yomthetho yokwaziswa okufunwayo. Inqubo yokuqapha izimpoqo ezinkantolo ingathatha iminyaka, kungathatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwesidingo esisheshayo.

Izimpi zamuva nje ezibhekene nama-conomional angaphansi kwe-componionpoena ziqokomisa lokhu kucindezeleka. Ukumelana okukhulu kweziphathimandla nezikhulu ze-Curmp kwaholela ezimpini eziningi zasenkantolo, kanye nemiphumela exubile eqhubeka ilolonga umthetho wobungameli. Lezi zimpi zibonisa kokubili amandla nokulinganiselwa kokwaziswa okufunwa yinhlangano.

Imishini Ekhethekile Yokuqondisa

Izazi ezihlolayo

I-Involution General Act ka-1979 yakha izinja ezizimele phakathi kwezinhlangano zikahulumeni. Lezi zikhulu ziqhuba ama-pical nophenyo, zibika kokubili ezinhlanganweni nasemaBhunga. IGs inikeza ukuqondisa okuqhubekayo ukuthi amakomiti angalawula, nemibiko yawo ngokuvamile ibangela ukuphenya kwengqungquthela.

I- Ikhonco loMhloli jikelele wobuqotho nobuphini lihlanganisa umsebenzi wama-IG angu-74 aphethe izigidigidi zemali kahulumeni. Uzibuse bawo .-IGs ingasuswa kuphela nguMongameli ngesaziso kuKhongolo-karth-(ikhono) ukuze ahlole ububi ngisho nalapho buphoxa izinhlangano zawo.

Amakomiti Nezimemezelo Ezikhethekile

Ngezinye izikhathi iziKhomishane zikha amakomiti akhethekile noma amakhomishane okuqondisa okuqondiswe kombuzo othile. I-9 /11 Commission yayilingisa lendlela, ihlola ngokunenzuzo ukuhlasela ngo-September 11 futhi iveza ukutusa okwaguqula isimiso sokuphepha sesizwe.

Lezinhlangano ezikhethekile zinganqoba izimpi ezilawula amakomiti futhi zinikeze ukugxila okuqhubekayo ezindabeni eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Isizathu Sokuba Kube Nokuqondisa Okuyingqungquthela: Ukusebenzisa Intando Yeningi

Ukuvimbela Ukusetshenziswa Kabi Kwamandla

Umlando ubonisa ukuthi amandla okulawula angagwegwesi aholela ekuxhashazweni. Ukwengamela kwezekhono kunikeza isheke elibalulekile [ elivimbela amongameli nabalawuli ekuthatheni igunya labo noma ukwephula amalungelo ezakhamuzi.

Uphenyo lweKomiti yeSonto lwango-1970 lwembula ukuqashelwa okukhulu okungekho emthethweni, izinhloso zokubulala, nokuhlola kwezindawo okwenziwa izinhlangano zokuhlakanipha. Lezi zambulo zaholela ekusungulweni kwamakomiti aqondisa uhlaka oluhlala njalo nesimiso senkantolo i-International Surveillance Act (FA). Ngaphandle kokuphenya kwenhlangano, lokhu kuxhaphaza kwakungase kuqhubeke unomphela.

Muva nje, ukuqondisa kwezinhlelo zangemva kuka-99/11 zokulwa nobuphekula kwadalula inqubo yokuphenya ephikiswayo [, izindlela zokuhlola okungenasiqinisekiso, namajele ayimfihlo. Nakuba ukulondeka kwesizwe kulinganisela ukuqondisa okuthile, ukucindezela kobuphekula ekugcineni kwaphoqelela ushintsho lwenqubo kanye nokubonakala okukhulu ngalezi zinhlelo eziyimpikiswano.

Ukuqinisekisa Ukwenziwa Komthetho Ngokwethembeka

Congress ubhala imithetho, kodwa igatsha eliphetheyo liyayisebenzisa. Ngaphandle kokuqondisa, izinhlangano zingayishaya indiva injongo yokuhlela, zibuye zibhale imithetho ngokuyifeza. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho ikhishwa njenge-Congress ehloselwe [[[FLT: 1]], hhayi njengabameli noma njengabameli abathanda.

Ukumiswa kwe-Affordble Care Act kwabonisa lo mthetho onamandla. Ababephethe amaRepublic baqondisa kakhulu ukugcinwa komthetho, ukuqokomisa ukwehluleka kwewebhusayithi, izinkinga zokubhalisa, nokushintsha kokuphatha. Nakuba kwakushukunyiswa kwezombangazwe, lobubungameli baphoqelela ukuphatha izinkinga futhi bachaze ukuphambuka ezimfunweni zomthetho.

Umthetho wendawo ezungezile unikeza esinye isibonelo. Ukwengamela kweKhongolose kuye kwembula izimo lapho izinhlangano zehluleka khona ukuphoqelela izimiso zokungcola noma ukunikeza izinkampani ezihlangene nezombangazwe iziphakamiso ezingafanele.

Ukuthuthukisa Ukwaneliseka Kukahulumeni

Ukugada kuveza udoti nokungakhokhi okubiza izinkulungwane zezigidi zentela minyaka yonke. Ngokuqokomisa izinhlelo ezihlulekile nezinhlangano ezisetshenziswa kabi, iSishaya-mthetho singaphoqelela intuthuko noma siqede ukusetshenziswa kwemali okungaphumeleli.

Ukwengamela amashumi eminyaka koMnyango wezeMpi okungalinganiswanga kuye kwadalula ukwehluleka okuningi: uhlelo lwempi lwe F-F eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-400 olukhathazwa ukulibala nokulawula, iLittoral Combat Ship eyahluleka ukuhlangabezana nezimfuneko zomsebenzi, nezibonelo ezingenakubalwa zemfucumfucu. Nakuba ithonya eliyinkimbinkimbi lezempi livimbela ukushintshwa, ukuqondisa okungenani ukugunyazwa kwezinkinga zomphakathi.

IGAO ilinganisela ukuthi ukutusa kwayo konga imali ekhokha intela engaphezu kwamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu - 1,2 ngonyaka. Lemali itholakala ngokuhlukanisa izinhlelo eziphindwayo, ukuthuthukisa inqubo yokuhlelwa kwezivumelwano, nokuqoqa izimali.

Ukuvikela Abavuthela Amandla Nokubonisa Izibuko Zokukhanya Okukhuthaza

Ngokunikeza umzila ongokomthetho wokudalula, amakomiti aqondisayo angavikela abantu abangase babhekane nokuphindisela ngenxa yezinkinga ezidalulwayo.

Umcuphi owabangela ukuqashwa kokuqala kukaMongameli Trump wabonisa lendlela yokuvikela. Ngokubika ukukhathazeka ngezindlela ezifanele ukuya eSixukwini, umuntu waqalisa uphenyo kuyilapho elondoloza isivikelo esingokomthetho. Lokhu kwaqokomisa kokubili ukubaluleka kwemikhondo yokufutha impempe kanye nezimpikiswano zezombangazwe ezingabangela.

Ukuqondisa futhi kugunyaza ukuveza izinhlangano ezinqikazayo. Izimfuneko zokubika njalo, ubufakazi obuphoqelelwe, nokukhiqizwa kwezincwadi kwenza amarekhodi omphakathi ezenzo zikahulumeni. Lokhu kuveza imvume yokubhala izenzakalo zomthetho, ukucwaninga kwezemfundo, kanye nesivumelwano sezakhamuzi esingaba nokwenzeka uma izinhlangano eziphethe zisebenza ngasese.

Izibonelo Ezinkulu Ezingokomlando Zokuqondisa Kwezingqungquthela

I - watergate: Impumelelo Eyinhloko

Uphenyo lwaseWatergate [ lwango 1973-1974 lumelela ihora elihle kakhulu lobuphathi benhlangano. Lokho kwaqala njengophengululo "lokugqekeza ngesilinganiso sesithathu" ekugcineni kwadalula ubugebengu obandile, kwaphoqelela ukuhoxa kukamongameli, futhi kwaguqula uhulumeni waseMelika.

ISigele Sokukhetha IKomiti yoMphathiswa we-Presidential Campainse Active, eyaziwa ngokuthi i- Ervin Committee ngemva kukasihlalo uSam Ervin, waqhuba ukuzwa okuthathelwe phambili okuheha isizwe. Ngokuhlola kwezindlela zobucukubhede, ikomiti yambula ubugebengu be-Nixon: ukugqekeza endlunkulu yeDemocratic, ukukhokha imali yokuvala indleka kwabagqekezi, isebenzisa i-CIA ekunqandeni uphendlo lwe-FBR, futhi igcina uhlu lwezitha lokuphindisela kwezombangazwe.

Ithonya lamacala ladlulela ngalé kokudalula ubugebengu. Babonisa ukuthi uMkhandlu ungahlola umongameli ngesikhathi sempi (iVietnam), lelolungelo lombuso lalinemingcele, nokuthi izikhonzi zomphakathi zazingakhetha umsebenzi wokwethembeka uma ziphoqelelwa ukuba zifakazele ngaphansi kwesifungo. Ukwambulwa kwesimiso seWhite House kwafika ngokuphenywa kwengqungquthela, kunikeze ubufakazi obabugcina buphoqelele ukuyeka kukaNixon.

Imiphumela ye-watergate yaveza izinguquko ezihlala njalo zokuqondisa: i-War Powers Resolution, uMthetho wokulawula Imali noMnyango woMnyango we-Impondo, i-Ethics in Government Act, ne-Frevern Information Surveilance Act. Lemithetho yaqinisa ukuqondisa kwenhlangano kanye namandla okulawula ezizukulwaneni.

I - Iran-Contatra: Ukwengamela Inkathi Yethelevishini

I-Iran-Contra akhawunti [ ka-1980 ehlolwayo ukuqondisa endaweni kahulumeni ehlukene phakathi ne-methodia. Uphenyo lwe-Congression lwembula ukuthi izikhulu zezokuphatha uReagan zazithengise izikhali ngasese e-Iran futhi zaphambukela kwabavukeli baseNicaragua, zephula imithetho evimbela zombili izenzo.

Ikomiti ehlangene yokuhlola i House-Senentate yaqhuba izindlebe zesizwe ezicushwe ngethelevishini ezaba inkundla yezezombangazwe. Ufakazi wobuPholiyu wase-Lieutenant u-Oliver waseNyakatho, ophelele ngeyunifomu yempi nenkulumo yokulwela izwe, wamguqula waba iqhawe lomphakathi naphezu kokuvuma ukuqamba amanga eKhongolose nasezincwadini ezidalukile.

I-Iran-Conttra yabonisa ukulinganiselwa kobubonisi lapho ibhekene nomongameli abadumile nofakazi abakhangayo. Naphezu kokuveza ukwephulwa okukhulu komthetho nokwephulwa komthetho-mthetho, ukuhlola kwaveza ukulandisa okulinganiselwe. Umongameli uReagan wagwema ukuyekelela ngokuzisholo ukuthi akanalwazi, futhi uMongameli Bush kamuva wathethelela izinombolo eziyinhloko ngaphambi kokuqulwa kwecala.

Nokho uphenyo lwaphumelela ekudaluleni lelihlazo, ukuqeda izinhlelo ezingekho emthethweni, nokumisa izenzakalo ezilandelanayo eziphathelene nokuqashelwa kwezenzo zobukhomanisi. Lempikiswano yabonisa futhi indlela ukuphathwa kweqembu okwakungaba ngayo impi ehlukanisayo, namaRepublicans evikela abaphathi namaDemocrat alwela ukulandisa.

IKhomishane Engu - 9 / 11: Ukunakekela Ikhono Eliphakeme Kakhulu

I- Commission yesizwe eHlasele amaphekula e-United States , eyaziwa ngokuthi i-9/11 Commission, ibonisa amandla okwengamela lapho isuswa kwezombangazwe ezisheshayo. Yadalwa ngo-2002 ngemva kokucindezela kwemikhaya yezisulu, ikhomishane yahlola izimbangela ze-September 11 nokusabela kukahulumeni.

Isakhiwo sekhomishane se Bipartisan − isihlanu samaRepublic namaDemocrates amahlanu aholwa nguRepublican Thomas Kean noDemocrat Lee Hamilton .efostered ukuthembeka nokubambisana. Kunokuba isolwe, ikhomishane yagxila ekuqondeni ukuhluleka ukuhlasela kwesikhathi esizayo.

Phakathi nezinsuku ezingu - 19 zokuqulwa kwecala lomphakathi nezingxoxo ezingaphezu kuka - 1 200, lekhomishane yaveza ukulandisa okubanzi kokuhlasela nokuhluleka kokuhlakanipha okwabenza bakwazi. Umbiko wokugcina waba umthengisi ophambili, wahlanganisa ukucwaninga okuphelele nokubhala okufinyelelekayo okwakuhilela umphakathi.

Ikhomishane 41 itusa ukuhlelwa kabusha kokhuseleko lwesizwe lwaseMelika, ukwenza uMqondisi weNational Intelligence, ukulungisa ukuqondisa kwe-conomion, nokuthuthukisa ukwaziswa okuhlanganyelwa phakathi kwezinhlangano. Ngokugcina ubunye be-bipartis kanye nokugxila ekubhekeni phambili kunecala, lo mnyango wathola izinguquko ezinkulu.

Ukugula Ngokwezimali: Okuhlangenwe Nakho Kwe - TARP

Inkinga yezimali ka-2008 yabangela ukuqondisa okukhulu kweSimiso soMnyango Wezezimali esibekwe i-Asting Asting Program (TARP) nokusabela okukhudlwana kwezomnotho. Izindikimba eziningi zezongamele − kuhlanganise ne-Congregal Overseast, i-Offner General yeTarP, namakomiti avamile ahlela uhlelo lwamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-49.

[[NTL:0] I-Areversie Colporation , ebekwe usihlalo u-Elizabeth Warren ngaphambi komsebenzi weSigele, yaveza imibiko ehlola inyanga nenyanga indlela izimali ze-CARP ezisetshenziswa ngayo. Imibiko efinyelelweyo yendawo kanye nokubonakala kwemithombo yezindaba kaWarren kwasiza ukuchaza izindaba zezimali eziyinkimbinkimbi emphakathini kuyilapho kucindezela iNdawo yemali ukuthuthukisa ukubonakala kohlelo.

Lokhu kuqondisa kwembula imikhuba ekhathazayo: amabhange amukela imali engenazimfuneko ezicacile, abaphathi bathola amabhonasi naphezu kokukhokha intela, kanye nezinjongo zokushintsha uhlelo ngaphandle kokuvunyelwa kwenhlangano. Nakuba bengakwazi ukunqanda zonke izindlela ezingatshazwa, ukuqondisa kwaphoqelela ukuba kube lula ngokwengeziwe futhi kwathonya umbono womphakathi ngokumelene nemali yesikhathi esizayo.

I-Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission kamuva yenza uphenyo olubanzi lwezimbangela zenhlekelele, yaveza umbiko oningiliziwe owaba yindaba eqinisekile yokuwa kuka-2008. Nakuba ukutusa kwayo kwathiywa ngokushesha, lombiko unikeza umlando obalulekile futhi uthonye izimpikiswano zemithetho yezimali ezilandelayo.

Izinselele Zanamuhla Zokwengamela Okuphumelelayo

I - partisan Polaryation

Contemporary oversight increasingly reflects partisan divisions, with the majority party protecting its president while aggressively investigating the opposition. This partisan oversight undermines credibility and effectiveness, as the public dismisses investigations as political theater rather than genuine accountability efforts.

Phakathi nokuphathwa kwe-Obama, amaRepublica aqondisa kakhulu izenzakalo ezifana noBenghazi ne-IRS zibhekene nempikiswano, namaDemocrates athi lezi zaziwukuzingela okushukunyiswa kwezombangazwe. Phakathi nomphathi weTrump, uDemocrat wahlola ukuphazamisa kweRussia nokucindezela kwe-Ukraine lapho iRepublicans ikhala ihlazo elibi. Lokhu kuyaqhubeka ngaphansi kukaMongameli Biden, kanye namaRepublicans upherter Huer Biden ngesikhathi uDemocrates evikela ukuphatha.

Ukuqondisa kwesigaba akuyona into embi ngokuphelele, ukuqapha kweqembu kungaveza izinkinga ezingokoqobo ezingase zinganakwa osebenza nabo abayingxenye efanayo. Nokho, uma ukuphathwa kwecala kuba isikhali esihlukanisayo kuphela kunethuluzi lokulandisa, kulahlekelwa ukwethenjwa nomphumela owusizo.

Ukumelana Negunya Nezimpi Ezingokomthetho

Omongameli banamuhla baya ngokuya benqaba ukuphatha ama-conomional ngokufuna ilungelo elikhulu, ukwenqaba ukuvumelana nama-pace poena, nezimpi ezinde zasenkantolo. Trump ukwenqaba kwabaphathi okungakaze kube khona ngaphambili [ ukuqondisa izikhulu ezifundisa ukungafakazi futhi ukwenqaba cishe zonke izincwadi ezicelwayo.]

Lezingxabano zivame ukudlula isidingo samanje. Izimpi zenkantolo ngamaphaphu zingathatha iminyaka, lapho isikhathi sezombangazwe sesidlulile noma iziphathimandla sezishintshile. Icala likaMcGahn, elihilela ufakazi wesikhathi seHouse Counsey Don McGahn, wathatha iminyaka emibili ukuxazulula, esikhathini eside ngemva kokubaluleka kwamanje kwezindaba.

IHhovisi loMnyango wezeluleko ze-Legal Licep linikeza imibono esekela ukumelana nezikhulu ezimelene nomthetho wokungavumelani, ngisho nalapho izinkantolo zingaphikisa ekugcineni. Lemibono ibangela ukulibala okunganqoba ukuqondisa ngisho noma uMkhandlu ungagcina ukhona ngokomthetho.

Ukuhlelwa Kwendlela Yokuphepha Nezokulondeka Kwesizwe

Ukuhlelwa ngokweqile kwenza izinhlangano eziphethe zivikele ukwaziswa ekuqondiseni kwe-countalia. Nakuba ukukhathazeka okungokomthetho kudinga ukufihla okuthile, ukuhlelwa kwemisebenzi kuye kwaba yithuluzi lokugwema ukulandisa [[[FLT: 1] kunokuba kuvikelwe ukulondeka kwesizwe.

Izinhlangano ezihlakaniphile zihlela izigidi zezincwadi minyaka yonke, eziningi ziqukethe ukwaziswa kakade komphakathi noma okungaqondakali ngempela. Lokhu kuqhuma kwenza ukuba ukuphathwa kube nzima ngisho nakuzisebenzi eziqediwe, okumelwe zibukeze izinto ezisezindaweni ezilondekile ngaphandle kokuthatha amaphuzu noma zithintane nochwepheshe bangaphandle.

Ukungezwani phakathi kwokulondeka nobuphathi kwaphumelela ngokuphawulekayo ekuhlolweni kwesiphazamiso sokhetho lwaseRussia. Izimpikiswano zokuhlelwa kwalinganisela lokho okwakungaxoxwa obala, kusithiya ikhono loMkhandlu lokwazisa ngezindawo ezisongela idemokrasi. Ngisho nalapho amakomiti ethola ukuhlelwa okufingqiwe, ayengenakuhlanganyela ukwaziswa okubalulekile nabameleli.

Ukwaziswa Okuningi Kakhulu Nemicebo Ehlukahlukene

Ubukhulu bukahulumeni budala izinselele zokuqondisa ikomiti engazisingatha ngokugcwele. Ngezinkulungwane zezinhlelo, izigidi zezisebenzi, nezigidigidi zezigidi zemali, ukuqondisa okubanzi akunakwenzeka. Committees kumele akhethe izimpi zawo[[, ngokungenakugwenywa kushiye izindawo eziningi ezinganambiswanga.

Imingcele yezisebenzi ye-Congress ihlanganisa le nkinga. Nakuba izinhlangano eziphethe ziqasha amakhulu ezinkulungwane, amakomiti ezinhlangano anezisebenzi ezincane eziqondisa. Ikomiti yendlu evamile ingaba namalungu asebenza eminyangweni engu-30-60 aqondisa amashumi ezinkulungwane zezisebenzi kanye nemali yezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezisebenzi.

Inkathi yokwaziswa yenza ukuba ukuphathwa kwezokwaziswa kube nzima ngezinye izindlela. Izimo zempi zingabangela ukuba amakomiti agcwalise izikhukhula anezinkulungwane zezincwadi lapho kuphendulwa izicelo, azi ukuthi izisebenzi ezilinganiselwe azikwazi ukuhlolisisa yonke into. Lokhu "Ukwaziswa" okulahlwayo kuvumelana nokuqondisa okudingekayo kuyilapho kufihla ukwaziswa okubalulekile emqulwini.

Izindaba Nokunakwa Omphakathi

Ukuqondisa okuphumelelayo kudinga ukunaka komphakathi ukuze kukhiqizwe ukucindezela kwenguquko. Nokho ukuhlukana kwemithombo yezindaba yanamuhla kusho ukuthi ngisho nophenyo olubalulekile lungathola imbuyiselo elinganiselwe. Izindaba eziqashelwayo zisho ukuthi izilaleli ezihlukahlukene zithola ukulandisa okuhlukene ngokuphelele ngemizamo yobubonisi.

Izezindaba zisheshisa imijikelezo yezindaba, okwenza ukunakekela okuqinile ekuhloleni okuyinkimbinkimbi kube nzima. Ngesikhathi amakomiti ephenya ngokucophelela, ukunakekela komphakathi kuye kwabangela izimpikiswano ezintsha. Lokhu kuhluleka kokwengamela kunciphisa ithonya lobuphekula (uma umphakathi ungawazi noma ungakukhathaleli okuye kwatholwa, ukucindezela kwezombangazwe kokulahla inguquko.

Ukuncipha kwephepha - zincwadi lendawo kuthinta ikakhulukazi ukwengamela amahhovisi nezinhlelo zikahulumeni wesifunda. Ngaphandle kwezintatheli ezihlanganisa izinhlangano zikahulumeni zendawo, izinkinga zingase zikhule zingaqapheleki kuze kube yilapho ziba amahlazo esizwe.

Indima Yezakhamuzi Ekusekeleni Ukuqondisa Komphakathi

Ukuqonda Ukuphatha Njengesabelo Sesiphuzo

Izakhamuzi zifeza indima ebalulekile kodwa ngokuvamile engaqondakali ekwenzeni ubucukubhede benhlangano buphumelele. ukuthembisana ngegunya kudala ukucindezela kwezombangazwe okudingekile ukuze kushintshwe futhi kulandiswe. Uma izakhamuzi zinaka amacala aqulwayo, zifunda imibiko yokuhlola, futhi zithinta abameleli ngokuhlola, ziguqula ukuqondisa kwe Washington kube ukulandisa ngentando yeningi.

Imfundo ye-bic mayelana nobubonisi ihlala ingenamali ngokudabukisayo. AmaMelika amaningi awakwazi ukuchaza ukuthi ukuqondisa kwenhlangano kuhilelani noma ukuthi kungani kubalulekile. Lokhu kungazi kuvumela izikhulu ukuba zilahle ukuphatha kwezombangazwe njengokuvukelana kunokusebenza okubalulekile kwentando yeningi. Ukuqonda okungcono komphakathi ukuqondisa kungaqinisa ukuphumelela nokufaneleka kwazo.

Njengoba nje ukubusa ngentando yeningi kudinga abantu abanolwazi, kudingeka izakhamuzi eziqonda indlela uhulumeni osebenza ngayo futhi zibone ukuthi izikhulu zinecala ngayo phakathi kokhetho. Lokhu kuthembisana okuqhubekayo kwenza ukuba ukuphathwa kweqembu kubaluleke kakhulu ngaphandle kwenkundla yemidlalo yezezombangazwe.

Ukuhlanganyela Nezinhlelo Zokuqondisa

Kukhona izindlela eziningi zokuhlanganyela ekwakheni izakhamuzi. Abameleli bobukhonya [ abahambisana nokwengamela okuza kuqala kungathonya uhlelo lwamakomiti. Uma amalungu ezwakalisa ukukhathazeka ngezinhlelo ezithile noma izinhlangano, amalungu aqaphele futhi angaqhubekela phambili ekuhloleni.

Ukuba khona emahholo amadolobha nasemahholo omphakathi kunikeza amathuba okuphakamisa izindaba zobubonisi ngokuqondile nabameleli. Imibuzo ephathelene nokuthi kungani amakomiti engaphenyi izindaba ezithile noma lokho aye akuthola ngokuqondisa kungagxilisa ukunakekela kwamalungu futhi kubangele ukusakazwa kwezindaba zendawo.

Izakhamuzi ezinolwazi lokulahlwa kwemfucumfucu, ukukhwabanisa noma ukuxhashazwa zingathintana nezisebenzi zamakomiti ngobufakazi obunganikeza ukwaziswa okuningi.

IKomiti yendlu yoMnyango noguqulo namanye amakomiti alondoloza amawebhusayithi lapho izakhamuzi zingafaka khona ukwaziswa nokuhlola ingosi. Le zindawo zedemocription zenza ukuthatha isinyathelo sokuqondisa kudlulele kwezindlela ezivamile.

Ukusekela Ukubona Indaba Nokulandisa

Izakhamuzi zingasekela izindlela zokuqondisa eziqinile ngokuthembisana kwezombangazwe. Ukusekela abafuna ukubeka ukuqondisa kuqala, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiliphi iqembu, kuqinisa ukuzimisela kwenhlangano ukuphenya. Imizamo yokuqeda amathuluzi okuqondisa. /Noma ikhona umhloli ozimelayo, ukusekela i-GAO, noma ukuvikela ukulandisa kwentando yeningi.

Inkululeko of Information Act (FOIA) izicelo zezakhamuzi ezisekela ukuqondisa kwenhlangano. Uma izinhlangano zimelana nokunikeza ukwaziswa kuKhongolo, izicelo zezakhamuzi iFOIA ngezinye izikhathi zingathola amaphepha ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Izinhlangano ze-Journalism kanye nabasekeli bokubona ngalé kwezwe zisebenzisa i-FOIA njalo ukusekela imizamo yobubonisi.

Ukuvikela abafutha ikhwelo ababika ububi kuKhongolose kudinga ukusekelwa umphakathi. Uma abashaya ikhwelo bebhekene nokuphindisela noma ukubulawa, isakhamuzi sikhuthaza abanye ukuba baqhubeke. Lokhu kuvikela kubaluleke kakhulu uma abantu abanamandla befuna ukuthulisa izinkulumo zeqiniso.

Ukufunda Nokuqondisa Izinto Ezisakazwa Ngemithombo Yezindaba

Ukuqonda ukuthi imithombo yezindaba ihlanganisa kanjani ukuphathwa kwe-athom kusiza izakhamuzi ukuba zihlole ngokunembile. Ukuqaphela ukufakwa kwemizabalazo yeqembu yemizamo yobubonisi]. Ukuncishiswa kwezinkinga zangempela noma ihaba lezindaba ezincane, kunciphisa ukuhlaziya okunolwazi kakhulu kokulandisa kukahulumeni.

Ukufuna imithombo eyinhloko kunokuthembela kuphela encazelweni yezindaba kunikeza ukuqonda okucacile. Ukufunda imibiko yangempela yamakomiti, ukubukela ukuqulwa kwezindaba kunezinsika, nokuhlola okutholiwe kunikeza ukufinyelela okungakhanyisiwe kokwaziswa kokuqondisa. Nakuba ukuhlanganisa isikhathi, lokhu kugwema ubandlululo lwemithombo yezindaba nokushintshashintsha kwezombangazwe.

Ukusekela umbiko wezindaba eziphambili ohlanganisa ukuqondisa ngokuphelele kugxilisa ukunakekela kwemithombo yezindaba emizamweni yokulandisa. Ukunikeza izincwadi ezifaka ukulandisa kobubonisi, ukuxoxa ngezindaba ezibalulekile zokuphenya, nokubika ngobubonisi kubonisa isifiso somphakathi sokulandisa ngezindaba.

Ikusasa Lokubuswa Yizindlwana

Ukuzivumelanisa Nezindlela Zobuchwepheshe

Ubuchwepheshe banamuhla bunikeza amathuba amasha okuqondisa lapho budala izinselele ezintsha. Data analytics[ ingahlukanisa izindlela zokulahla noma zokukhohlisa emitholazweni kahulumeni emikhulu umuntu angayihlola. Ukuhlakanipha okuzenzekelayo kungathatha izivumelwano ezisolisayo, izindlela zokuchitha imali ezingahambi kahle, noma ukuveza ukuphambuka ekuphenyeni.

Ukuxhumana ngemishini kudala amarekhodi amaningi angasekela ukuqondisa. Izincwadi zeposi, imiyalezo, nezincwadi zemishini kunikeza ubufakazi bokuthi izizukulwane zangaphambili zazingenakho. Nokho, ukukhonjwa nokucishwa kwemishwane nakho kwenza izikhulu zikwazi ukufihla ukuziphatha okubi kalula.

Ubuchwepheshe bobufakazi obukude, obuye basetshenziswa phakathi ne-COVOID-19, bungenza ukwengamela kube okuphumelela kakhulu ngokususa izimfuneko zokuhamba kofakazi. Ukuzwa kungasiza futhi ukuba umphakathi uhlanganyele kabanzi futhi kunciphe izindleko. Nokho, ubufakazi obukude bungase bungabi namphumela wokuxabana kwe-pperson okwenza ukuzwa kube namandla.

Ukushintsha Izakhiwo Zokuqondisa

Izinguquko ezihlukahlukene zingaqinisa ukuphumelela kokuqondisa kwenhlangano. ukumiswa kwezikhathi ezimisiwe ekuphenduleni kobuqondisi igatsha kunganciphisa amasu abambezele. Izijeziso zezikhulu ezivimbela ukumelana.

Ukwenza izisebenzi ezingochwepheshe zophengululo ezihlala njalo, ezifana ne-GAO kodwa ezifakwe emakomitini, kunganikeza ubuchwepheshe obungaguquguquki phakathi kwemithetho yenhlangano. Labaphengululi abangochwepheshe bangalondoloza ulwazi lwezinhlangano nokuqhubeka behlola naphezu kokushintsha kwelungu nezisebenzi zezombangazwe.

Ukuqinisa inkululeko ebanzi yokuzimela ngesizathu sokususwa kwesivikelo nokuqinisekisa ukuxhaswa kwemali kungathuthukisa ukuqondisa kwegatsha eliphethe i-acess okuncike kulokhu. Izimpikiswano zamuva ngokususwa kwe-IG kuqokomisa isidingo sesivikelo esikhulu salezinja ezigadile.

Ukulinganisela Ukuqondisa Nokubusa

Inselele ebhekene nokuqondisa kobukhonya ukugcina ukulandisa kobudlelwano ngaphandle kokukhubaza imisebenzi kahulumeni. Ukwengamela kwezimiso kungakhubaza ukusungulwa kwezindawo kanye nokuhlasela kwengozi kwezisebenzi zomphakathi ezesaba ukuphenya. Ukuthola ukulinganisela okulungile phakathi kokulandisa nokuphumelela kuhlala kuyinselele eqhubekayo.

Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi "ukwengamela" kugxile ezindabeni zezimiso kunokuhlazisa komuntu siqu. Lendlela ingagcizelela ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kukahulumeni ngaphezu kokuqinisa amaphuzu ezombangazwe. Nokho, izisusa zobuphekula zenza ukuba ukuvimbela okunjalo kube nzima ukukugcina.

Abanye basikisela ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokuhlola kwezombangazwe nokuhlola ukusebenza kweqembu. Amahhovisi akhethekile angewona amaqembu angahlola isimiso sohlelo oluvamile kuyilapho amakomiti esingatha ukulandisa kwezombangazwe. Lengxenye ingathuthukisa kokubili kodwa ibhekane nezinselele ezisebenzayo.

Isiphetho: Yini Eqondiswa Yizishaya - mthetho

Ukwengamela kobukhoma kunjengensika ebalulekile yentando yeningi yaseMelika , inikeza isheke emandleni okubusa okuvimbela ubushiqela futhi iqinisekise uhulumeni olandisayo. Ukusuka ekudaleni ukonakala ekuthuthukiseni impumelelo, ekuvikeleni amalungelo okuqinisekisa ukukhishwa komthetho ngokwethembeka, ukuqondisa kwenza idemokhrasi libe lukhulu kunokhetho lwezikhathi ezithile.

Umlando wobubonisi benhlangano wembula kokubili ukulinganiselwa kwayo okukhulu nefa. Uma iqhutshwa ngokungathi sína futhi iphakame, ukuqondisa kungalimaza amongameli, izinhlangano zokuhlakanipha, futhi kusindise izigidigidi zezigidi zentela. Uma ifunwa kuphela ukuze inzuzo yokuvukela, iwohloka ibe inkundla yemidlalo yezezombangazwe elulaza ukwethenjwa komphakathi kuyilapho ihluleka ukuqinisekisa ukulandisa.

Izinselele ze-Createmporary − ukuhlaziywa kwezindawo ezibandayo, ukumelana kwezikhulu, ukunqwabelana kokwaziswa, nokungaqondi kahle komphakathi . usongo lokungaqondisi. Kodwa isidingo sokuqondisa okuqinile asikaze sibe sikhulu. Njengoba uhulumeni ukhula ngokuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, njengoba ubuchwepheshe benza izindlela ezintsha zokuqapha nokulawula, futhi njengoba izinselele zembulunga yonke zidinga ukuthatha isinyathelo sokuqondisa, ukuqondisa komphakathi kuba okungakaze kube okubaluleke ngisho nangaphezulu.

Umthwalo wemfanelo wokwengamela okuphumelelayo udlulela ngalé kweSishaya-mthetho ukuhlanganisa zonke izakhamuzi. Ukubopha ngemithetho kuguqula ukuqondisa kusuka ekufezekeni kwenqubo ye Washington kube yikhomba-mbuso. Lapho izakhamuzi zilalela, zibuza imibuzo, futhi zifuna ukulandisa, ukuphatha kuzuza amandla ezombangazwe adingekayo ukuze kube nethonya langempela.

Kunokuba zizizwe zingenakukwazi ukubhekana nokuhluleka kukahulumeni noma ukuxhashazwa, izakhamuzi ezinolwazi zingahlanganyela ezinqubweni zobubonisi, zisekele imizamo yokulandisa, futhi zicindezele abameleli ukuba bahlole ngokujulile.

Abasunguli basungula ukuhlola nokuqonda ukuthi amandla ombuso onakalisa futhi adinga ukuqapha njalo. ukuqondisa kweKhomishane kuhlanganisa lokhu kuqapha, kunikeza ukulandisa okuqhubekayo okugcina intando yeningi iphilile. Ukuphumelela kwayo akuxhomekile nje kuphela ekwakhekeni komthetho - sisekelo noma ekuhleleni izivumelwano, kodwa nasesakhabeni esiwenza ufanelekele ukulandisa ngokwezombangazwe.

Njengoba sibhekene nezinselele zesikhathi esizayo .Njengoba sisuka ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu sishintshele ekubeni nokuhlakanipha okungesikho, kusukela ekuhlolweni kwesifo sobubhadane kuya ekungalinganini kwezomnotho, -- ukuqondisa okuyofeza imiphumela engcono kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni uhulumeni ukuba ukhonze abantu kunokuba uzenze. Umsebenzi onzima wokuqondisa, ukuzwa, imibiko, nezinguquko − kungenzeka ukuthi awunayo idrama yokhetho noma ukugcinwa kwezinqumo zenkantolo, kodwa unikeza ukulandisa kwansuku zonke okwenza uhulumeni wentando yeningi ube nokwenzeka.

Kubantu abahlala khona, ukunakekela imizamo yokuqondisa akuyona nje imfundo yomphakathi kodwa ukuthatha isinyathelo sentando yeningi.