Isingeniso: Idwala Lobulungisa

Ilungelo lokuqulwa ngokulunga lingenye yezinsika ezibaluleke kakhulu zanoma yimuphi umphakathi wentando yeningi. Iqinisekisa ukuthi umuntu ngamunye, kungakhathaliseki isizinda sakhe noma isimo sokumangalelwa kwakhe, uthola ukuzwa ngokungakhethi phambi kwenkantolo engathathi hlangothi. Lesi simiso asiwona nje umthetho owezwiwe; yinqubo evikela abantu ukuba bangawenzi umsebenzi kahulumeni oweqisayo futhi baqinisekise ukuthi ubulungisa buqondiswa ngobuqotho. Emzamweni wabo, lelilungelo lisekelwe emqondweni wenqubo efanele, evikela izakhamuzi ekuncishweni kokuphila okungalungile, inkululeko, noma impahla. Kubafundisi, ochwepheshe bezomthetho, nabafundi ngokufanayo, ukuqonda ukujula kwenqubo yokuvikela okufanelekile kubucayi ukuze baqonde indlela isimiso somthetho esisekela ngayo ukulunga nokulinganayo ngaphansi komthetho.

Inqubo efanelekile isebenza njengesivikelo somthetho-sisekelo, ifuna uhulumeni ukuba alandele imithetho emisiwe futhi ahloniphe amalungelo abantu kuzo zonke izinqubo zomthetho. Kuwumqondo onamandla noguquguqukayo oye walolongwa amakhulu amaningi eminyaka emicabango engokomthetho, izinqumo zenkantolo, nezinguquko zezenhlalo. Lokhu kuhlola okubanzi kuzohlola izimpande ezingokomlando, izihloko eziyinhloko, umthetho-sisekelo, izenzakalo zezenzakalo ezivelele, nezinselele eziphikelelayo ezihlobene nokuqulwa okulungile. Ngokwenza kanjalo, sihlose ukunikeza umthombo obanzi ongafundisi nje kuphela kodwa futhi onika abafundi amandla okuqaphela nokusekela lesivikelo esiyisisekelo emiphakathini yabo siqu.

Ukuziphendukela Kwemvelo Okungokomlando Kwenqubo Efanele

Ukuqonda lo mlando kuyisihluthulelo sokuqonda ukuthi kungani lezi zindlela zokuvikela zigxile kangaka ezimisweni zomthetho zanamuhla.

UMagna Carta Nembewu Yobulungisa

Umsuka oqashelwe kakhulu wenqubo efanelekile iMagna Carta ka-1215. Lomthetho wesiNgisi wasendulo, ophoqelelwe iNkosi uJohn ngamanxusa ayo ahlubukayo, wamisa isimiso esiyinhloko sokuthi inkosi yayingalwi nayo, noma ithunyelelwe isigaba esincane, noma ithunyelelwe abanye ukuba benze kanjalo, ngaphandle kokwahlulela okungokomthetho kwabalinganayo noma umthetho wezwe." Lo mbhalo "umthetho wezwe," ukhomba ngokuqondile "inqubo yanamuhla yomthetho."

Umthetho Ovamile WesiNgisi NaseMelika Eyikoloni

Umqondo wenqubo efanele wathuthukiswa ngokusungulwa komthetho wesiNgisi. Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, izinkantolo nephalamende zakha indikimba yezimiso zomthetho ezazivikela abantu ekuboshweni ngokungemthetho futhi ziqinisekisa ilungelo lokuqulwa. Izincwadi eziyinhloko njenge-Relect of Right (1628) ne-Lill of Rights yase-England (1689) zaqinisa lezi sivikelo, ezivimbela ibheyili ephakeme nesijeziso esinonya nesingajwayelekile. Lemibono yahamba inqamula i-Atlantic ne-colonestss. Imithetho yamakoloni nemithetho-mthetho kahulumeni yakuqala yayivame ukuhlanganisa isiqinisekiso "somthetho wezwe" noma "inqubo yokuzalwa," ibonakalisa ngokuqondile isiko lesiNgisi. Lelifa elingokomthetho laba isiciko esiyisisekelo sesimiso somthetho saseMelika.

Inqubo Efanele Emthethweni - sisekelo Wase - United States

Lapho ukusungulwa koFata kugunyazwa ngo-1791. IsiHlanziso seSigqi sango-U.S. ekuqaleni asizange sihlanganise nesivumelwano samalungelo abantu. Nokho, isidingo sesivikelo esicacile senkululeko yomuntu ngamunye sasinamandla kangangokuba lesi simemezelo sokuqala seshumi sagunyazwa ngokuthi iBill of Rights, sagunyazwa ngo-1791. IsiHlanzi seSiphendu sesiHluzi seNguquko seSigqi senjongo sokuqala sasemthethweni: "Akekho muntu oyophucwa ukuphila, noma impahla, ngaphandle kwenqubo efanelekile yomthetho." Lesi sigqephulo sokuqala sasetshenziswa kuphela kuhulumeni wezwe. Akuzange kube kwaze kwaba khona ukumiswa kweSiphendumiso se-1459, ukulandela iMpi Yombatho, ukuthi ukunqandana kwayo kwakubekwe phezu kohulumeni. Isigamulo se-1449 seSishaya-mfuculo simemezela ukuthi akukho ngokomthetho wenkululeko, noma isiphi isikhulu somthetho esingumthetho esinguwodwa, singenamthetho esinguwodwa."

Izingxenye Ezibalulekile Ekuqulweni Kwecala Okufanele

Ilungelo lokuqulwa kwecala elilungile aliyona i-conomic. Liyiqoqo lamalungelo ahlangene, ngalinye eliklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isahlulelo sokugcina sithembekile futhi silungile. Lezi zingxenye zisebenza ndawonye ukuze zakhe isimiso lapho ummangalelwa angathola khona isivikelo esinengqondo neqiniso.

Ilungelo Lobukhoma Obungakhethi

ISichibiyelo seSithandathu siqinisekisa ilungelo lokumangalelwa ngokomthetho "ngejaji elingakhethi loMbuso nesifunda lapho ubugebengu buyobe benziwe khona. Lelilungelo liqinisekisa ukuthi iqembu lezakhamuzi ezivamile, hhayi uhulumeni, linquma icala noma ukungabi nacala. Ukungakhethi kukhulu. Inqubo yokukhetha abahluleli, eyaziwa ngokuthi ishaqisa [[, ivumela abameli bazo zonke izinhlangothi ukuba bangabazabalaze abangabahluleli futhi baphikise labo abangabandlululi abangabandlulula. Izenzo zokukhetha okungakhethi zinkulu. Inqubo yokuhlola abameleli bamacala eyaziwa ngokuthi [[FLT:] [FLT]] isholo] ewubona enqunyweni.

Ilungelo Lokuqulwa Kwecala Lomphakathi

Akumelwe nje kuphela ukuba kwenziwe ubulungisa, kodwa kumelwe kubonwe ukuthi kungenziwa. ISichibiyelo seSithandathu siqinisekisa futhi "ukuqulwa kwecala lasobala." Lemfuneko ivimbela uhulumeni ekubopheleleni abantu ngasese ngaphandle kokuhlola umphakathi. Ukuqulwa kwamacala kuvimbela ukuziphatha okubi kwabahluleli, abashushisi, nofakazi. Umphakathi, kuhlanganise nabanyathelisi, unelungelo lokuya ezimpikiswani eziningi zobugebengu, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukubonakala kahle nokulandisa enqubweni yokwahlulela. Kulinganiselwe, njengalapho umahluleli enquma ukuthi ukuphepha kungalimaza umntwana noma ukuphepha kofakazi, kodwa ukuphepha kuhlale kuvumelana nokuvunyelwa komthetho.

Ilungelo Leseluleko Esingokomthetho

ISichibiyelo seSithandathu sinikeza ukuthi "kukho konke ukumangalelwa kobugebengu, ummangalelwa ujabulela ilungelo... lokuthola uMnyango Weseluleko sokuzivikela kwakhe." Lelilungelo liqinisekisa ukuthi ummangalelwa angasebenzisa imithetho eyinkimbinkimbi yobufakazi nenqubo ngokuqondisa okungochwepheshe. Icala elivelele [[FLT]][FLT]] [[1] Gideon v. Wanight (1963) [[FLT]] [[FLT]] lelilungelo eliphawulekayo, eliphethe ukuthi kumelwe linikeze ummeli kunoma yisiphi ummangalelwa omangalelwe ngobugebengu obungathi sína. Lesi sinqumo ngokuyisisekelo siveza kabusha isimiso sobulungisa saseMelika, siqaphela ukuthi ukuqulwa kobulungisa akunakwenzeka uma ummeli engakwazi ukukhokhela ummeli.

Ukucabanga Ngokungabi Nalulimi

Lesimiso sinquma ukuthi isimo sithwele umthwalo wobufakazi. Ummangalelwa akudingeki abonise ubumsulwa babo; kunalokho, umshushisi kumelwe abonise icala ngaphandle kokungabaza okunengqondo. Lendinganiso iphakeme kakhulu ekwazekelwe umthetho futhi iklanyelwe ukunciphisa ingozi yokubopha umuntu ongenacala. Ukucabanga ukuthi umsulwa kusebenza kusukela esikhathini sokuboshwa futhi kuqhubeke kuze kube yilapho kufinyelelwa isinqumo. Kudinga abamangali ukuba baqale imicabango yabo ngokuvula ingqondo, babeke eceleni noma yimiphi imibono ecatshangelwayo ngobuntu noma isizinda sommangalelwa.

Ilungelo Lokubhekana NoFakazi

Ngokuvamile kubhekiselwa kuye ngokuthi i-Bernatic Claus, lesi Sichibiyelo sesithupha sivumela ummangalelwa ukuba abhekane nabamangaleli babo enkantolo. Iqinisekisa ithuba lokuhlangana nofakazi abamelene nabo, babekela ukuthembeka kwabo nokunemba kwamazwi abo. Lelilungelo libalulekile ekuhloleni ubufakazi bamacala. Uma ufakazi engenakukhishwa enkantolo, amazwi abo angekho enkantolo (umqondo) ngokuvamile awaqondakali ngaphandle kokuba bahluleke. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ummangalelwa unethuba lokungabaza ubufakazi obusetshenziswayo.

Inqubo Efanele Kumthetho - sisekelo WaseU.S.: I - Detive Ejulile Kakhulu

IziNguqulo zesihlanu nezeshumi nane ziqukethe umbhalo womthetho-sisekelo omisa zonke inqubo ezifanele. Lezizigaba azimane nje zigunyaze ukuba uhulumeni alandele noma iyiphi inqubo; zifuna ukuba lenqubo ibe nesizotha ngokuyisisekelo.

Inqubo ejwayelekile ehambisana nohlelo v. Inqubo engaphansi

Izazi ezingokomthetho nezinkantolo zihlukanise umqondo wenqubo efanele ngezigaba ezimbili ezinkulu. Iproject efunekayo igxila enqubweni efanelekile yendlela [ yesenzo sikahulumeni. Kudingeka isaziso esilungile kanye nokuzwa okunenjongo ngaphambi kokuba uhulumeni unciphise othile ukuphila, noma impahla. Ngokwesibonelo, ngaphambi kokuqeda amalungelo omzali, umbuso kumelwe unikeze ukuzwa lapho umzali anganikeza khona ubufakazi. [[[FLT:]] u-qubugggstut sh'e nqubo efanele [, ifuna ukukhomba okukhethekile, kwesinye isandla, ukugxila kwendlela [FLT:] [FT][FT] [FT] [5] [inqa] inqubo yombuso] eyisisekelo, uma kulandelwa ngisho namalungelo aphezulu, akhona, akhona, akhona kanye nezindawo zokuhle ukuba kutholakale, izimvume zokukho, izimvume zokuhle, ezingu ngokomthetho zecala, ezifaneleyo, ezifaneleyo, ezi

ISichibiyelo Sesihlanu Siyakuvikela

ISichibiyelo sesihlanu sinikeza izivikelo eziningana ezibucayi ngalé kwenqubo efanelekile ngokwayo. Ilungelo ngokumelene nokuzibeka umlomo livikela abantu ukuba bangaphoqelelwa ukuba bafakazele, okuwumthombo "welungelo lokuthula" (ngokuvamile kubhekiselwa kuye ngokuthi ] imanda[ amalungelo abalulekile). I-Revict Jeopardy Claus ivimbela uhulumeni ekuzameni othile kabili icala elifanayo, ivikela ukumangalelwa ekuhlukulweni nakwehliswa ngokuphindaphindiwe. IGrand Jury Regition ifuna ukuba ubugebengu obungathi sína, izakhamuzi ezinkulu zibuke ubufakazi futhi zikhiphe icala phambi kokuba umuntu aphoqelelwe ukuba aqulwe icala.

ISichibiyelo Seshumi Nane Nokungavumelani

ISichibiyelo seNguqulo sekhulu leshumi nane mhlawumbe sidume kakhulu ngemfundiso ye ukuhlukanisa. Ngochungechunge lwezindaba eziqala ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, iNkantolo Ephakeme iye yathi eziningi zezivikelo zeMalungelo zisebenza ezindaweni, hhayi nje uhulumeni wezwe. INkantolo Ephakeme isebenzisa inqubo efanelekile yeNguqulo ye 1445 [[FLT:v4] i-Licenset" isivikelo samalungelo akhethekile esimelene nesenzo sikahulumeni. Isibonelo, ukuvikela kwesokudla ([[FLT]]] [[4]], i-onke ama-Rekhodie] isivikelo [ku-VFLT].[4] [eyenziwamude], futhi ayiyisivikelo sokunene] [kuyi-Rekhodiopletion.[4], futhi i-eyi-Greain.[4] ngokungaphezulu] i-eyenset , kuye kwayi-ekhodiyonke i-ekhodiyodwa, kuye yale komiti (F.Fov6

Uphawu Lwecala Lenkantolo Ephakeme Luyehlisa Inqubo Efanele

INkantolo Ephakeme iye yaba nendima eyinhloko ekuchazeni indlela okumelwe kuthathwe ngayo inqubo.

UGideon (1963)

Clarence Earl Gideon wamangalelwa ngokugqekeza ihholo lechibi eFlorida. Wayengenakukwazi ukukhokhela ummeli, futhi uhulumeni wenqaba ukuzimisa. Ezimelela ngokwakhe, uGideyoni walahlwa futhi wagwetshwa ejele. Esitokisini sakhe, wabhala isicelo esibhalwe ngesandla enkantolo ePhakamileyo yase-U.S., ephikisa ngokuthi iSimemezelo sakhe seSithandathu seSimemezelo secala se-Expremente sasiphulwe umthetho. Esinqumweni savumelanayo, iNkanto evumelanayo, yagumbuqela isinqumo sangaphambili futhi yabamba ukuthi ilungelo leSichibiyelo Sesithupha lokunikeza iseluleko liyilungelo elibalulekile elisebenza ezindaweni ngeSimbululo se-14. Lelicala laguqula isimiso sobulungisa saseMelika, lifuna ukuba kunikezwe abalweli bezenzi bomthetho abamangalelwa umphakathi kuzo zonke izigebezo ezingathi sína.

Miranda v. e - Arizona (1966)

Ernesto Miranda waboshwa ngenxa yokuthumba nokudlwengula. Ngemva kwamahora amabili ephenywa, wasayina isivumelo esibhaliwe esasisetshenziselwa ukumbeka icala. Wayengatshelwanga ukuthi unelungelo lokuthula noma lokuba nommeli. Embhalweni wesinqumo, iNkantolo Ephakeme yanquma ukuthi iSichibiyelo Sesihlanu esimelene nokuzithumba nokuzifaka enkantolo sidinga ukugcinwa komthetho ukuze kwaziswe amalungelo abo ngaphambi kokuphenywa. Lezi zixwayiso, ezaziwa ngokuthi , manje ziyingxenye ejwayelekile ye-ast project. Icala lasungula ukuthi ukuvuma isixwayiso sidinga ukugcinwa ngaphandle kwalezi zixwayiso zingasebenzi njengobufakazi enkantolo.

Strickland v. Washington (1984)

Lelicala lamisa indinganiso engokomthetho yokunquma uma isiHlanziso sesigebengu seSithandathu secala seSiphakamiso secala secala se-Orception se-6th sesaphulwa. Icala lihilela ummangalelwa ocela icala lokubulala kathathu. Ummeli wakhe wahluleka ukunikeza ubufakazi obubalulekile phakathi nokuqulwa kwesigwebo. INkantolo Ephakeme yakha uvivinyo oluneziqu ezimbili. Okokuqala, ummangalelwa kumelwe abonise ukuthi umsebenzi weseluleko ulinganiselwe, uwe ngaphansi kwendinganiso yokucabangela. Okwesibili, ummangalelwa kumelwe abonise ukuthi lokhu kungafanele kubeke izaba ezimelelo, okusho ukuthi umphumela oqhubekayo uzoba ngohlukile. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ngabamangalelwa ukuba bavume ngempumelelo ukuba bavinyeze ngokuphumelelayo, kodwa kunikeza inqubo ecacile yokuhlola izinkantolo ukuze bahlole lokho.

Maryland (1963)

Lelicala lamisa isimiso sokuthi umshushisi unesibopho somthetho-sisekelo sokuveza ubufakazi obuhle kummangalelwa. UJohn Brady walahlwa icala lokubulala, kodwa kamuva kwambulwa ukuthi umshushisi wayegodlele ukuvuma izono kwalowo ayehamba naye. INkantolo Ephakeme yasekela ukuthi ukuncishwa kobufakazi obuphathekayo obufanele ummangalelwa ophule inqubo efanele, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukholo oluhle noma ukholo olubi lommangalelwa. Lo "mthetho weBrady" ufuna ukuba abashushisi baphendule noma yibuphi ubufakazi obungasetshenziswa ekumangaleleni, ukululaza icala lommangalelwa, noma ukusekela ngokuqondile icala lommangalelwa. Ukwehluleka ukwenza kanjalo kungaphumela ekutheni unyukuswe.

Izinselele Eziqhubekayo Ezihambisana Nelungelo Lokuqulwa Kwecala Elifanele

Naphezu komthetho - sisekelo oqinile, isisekelo sokuqulwa kwecala eliphelele ngokuvamile sibhekelwa inselele yizinkinga zezwe langempela. Lezimpikiswano zidinga ukuqapha njalo nokushintshwa ukuze kuqinisekwe ukuthi isithembiso senqubo efanele sifinyeleleka kubo bonke abantu.

Iziqu Zobuhlanga Nezobuhlanga

Ubandlululo lwesimiso lulokhu lungenye yezinsongo eziphawuleka kakhulu ekuqulweni kwecala elilungile. Ukuhlola kubonisa njalo ukuthi abamangalelwa abamnyama nababhishobhi abahlala eSpeyin basengozini enkulu yokumangalelwa, babekwe icala, futhi bagwetshwe amajele amade kunabamangalelwa abamhlophe ngenxa yezono ezifanayo. Lokhu bandlululo lungabonakala kuzo zonke izinga lenqubo, kusukela ekuqaleni kwesinqumo sokuboshwa, ekukhetheni kwabahluleli abachopheleyo lapho ngokuvamile bekhishwa ngokungafanele, esinqumweni sokugcina. Ukusetshenziswa kwemali kulimaza futhi ukuzuza imali okuphansi nokucwaswa okuncane, kubaphoqelele ukuba bahlale ejele ngaphambi kokuthethwa kwecala ngenxa nje kokungakwazi kwabo. Nakuba iNkantolo Ephakeme iye yabangela ukucwaswa okusobala kwezinhlanga ([FLD:0]] v.[FFF1]], futhi i-entulknst, futhi ikhetha okucalulaza.

Imithombo Engenayo Isivikelo Somphakathi

Ilungelo lomthetho-mthetho lokunikeza iseluleko esiqinisekiswe Gedeon v. Wainwright linamandla njengesimiso esiwunikezayo. Ngaphesheya kwe-United States, amahhovisi omphakathi avikela umphakathi ahlala ekhungathekile futhi esebenza ngokweqile. Abavikeli bomphakathi bavame ukusingatha amakhulu ezindaba ngesikhathi esisodwa, babashiye bengenasikhathi sokuxoxa nofakazi, baphenye amaqiniso, noma balungiselele ukuvikela okunengqondo. Lokhu "kuvikela okunesizathu" kululaza kanye umqondo wokuqulwa kobulungisa. INhlangano yaseMelika iye yadonsela ukunakekela ngokuphindaphindiwe enkathazweni ekwizivikelayo, hhayi ukuthi abamangalelwa abaningi bamukela ngokuphumelelayo "eading nogcond" ngokugconelisa kwabo abameli abamisiwe.

Ithonya Lemithombo Yezindaba Nomphakathi Ovela Phambili

Ezimweni eziphezulu, ukusakazwa okukhulu kwezezindaba kungadala isimo esifana ne-"circus" esiyekelela ilungelo lommangalelwa ekuquleni okulungile. Ukusakazwa kwecala kungangcolisa ibhodi lejaji, kukwenze kube nzima ukuthola abahluleli abangakhethi. Ezimweni ezinzima, umahluleli kungase kudingeke ashintshe indawo (ukushenxiswa kwecala endaweni ehlukile), ukucela ijaji eliphethe i-gagn emacaleni ahilelekile. Ukuvela kwezenhlala-khaya kuye kwandisa le nkinga. Izindaba zezenhlalakahle zingadalulwa ngemibiko, ukuphendula nge-intanethi, noma ngisho nokuthethwa kabi ngecala, okwenza kube nzima ukusekela isinqumo sawo kuphela ebufakazi obunikezwa enkantolo.

Izindleko Eziphakeme Zobulungisa

Ngaphandle kwezindleko eziqondile zommeli, isimiso somthetho sifaka izindleko eziningi, izintela, nemali ekhokhwayo kubantu abamangalelwa. Lezizindleko zingadala isithiyo esinganqamukiyo sobulungisa. Abamangalelwa abaningi bacindezelwa ukuba bamukele iziphakamiso ezikhokhelwayo, ngokuvamile ngenxa yobugebengu ababenzanga, ngenxa nje yokuthi abakwazi ukukhokha izimali zokuya emacaleni. Izindleko zemali, ofakazi abangochwepheshe, kanye nokubhalisa izigwebo zenkantolo kungangena kalula ezinkulungwaneni zama - dollar. Ukukhokhwaza okuhliswa kwabamangalelwa, lokhu kuphoqelelwa kwemali kuyabakha intengo egcwele yezokuvikela izivumelwano zomthetho. Ukwanda kwezethembiso ngokomthetho kuye kwaba yimpikiswano enkulu ezingxoxweni zokulungisa isimiso sobugebengu.

Ukufundisa Ngenqubo Efaneleyo Ekilasini

Ukufundisa abafundi ngenqubo efanele kubalulekile ekukhuliseni isakhamuzi esinolwazi futhi esithembisene isibopho sokubhekana nezenzakalo.

Ukusebenzisa Ukulingwa Kwamaqili Ukuze Ufunde Ngokuxosha

Ukuqulwa kwecala kungezinye zezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokufundisa abafundi ngelungelo lokuqulwa kwecala ngokulunga. Ngokuthatha indima enjengomahluleli, umshushisi, ummeli, namalungu ejaji, abafundi bazibonele mathupha ukuthi imithetho ye-produmest iqinisekisa kanjani ukungalungi. Kumelwe baphikisane, baphikise futhi banikeze izinkulumo zokuvula nokuphetha. Lokhu kufundisa abafundi hhayi nje umthetho, kodwa futhi nokubaluleka kokucabanga okugxeka, ukukhuluma obala, nokubambisana. Izinhlangano eziningi zezikhulu zikahulumeni zinikeza izinto zokuhlola amaphutha amahhalalo okusebenzisa ikilasi.

Ukuhlaziya Izimpawu Zezwe

Ukufunda amacala eNkantolo Ephakeme engokoqobo njengaye Gideon kanye Miranda] kunikeza abafundi izibonelo eziqinile zendlela emisiweyo yamalungelo enqubo. Abafundi bangabela abafundi ukuba bahlole amaqiniso alezi zecala futhi babhale izinkulumo ezimfushane zohlangothi olulodwa. Ukunqanda imiphumela yalezi zezenzakalo kusiza abafundi ukuba baqonde izimiso zenani ekudlaleni, njengamandla phakathi kokhuseleko nokukhululeka komphakathi. [[FLT:] Iproject[FLT:] inikeza ukuqopha komsindo wemisholo ephuma ezicikweni eziningi, ivumela abafundi ukuba balalele izimpikiswano ezingokomthetho ezinikezwa phambi kweNkanto.

Ukuxhumana nezenzakalo zamanje

Inqubo elindelekile ayiwona nje umqondo ongokomlando. Ukuhlanganisa izifundo ezisezimpilweni zamanje kwenza ukwaziswa kubaluleke futhi kuphuthuma. Abafundi bangahlaziya ukuthengwa kwezezindaba ngokuhlola okukhulu kwe-profile, bakhomba imithombo engenzeka yokucwasa. Bangacwaninga imizamo yokuguqula inguquko ehlobene nemali ye-painsel, i-areser shortums, noma inqubo yokuphenya kwamaphoyisa. Ngokuxhumanisa izimiso zenqubo yenqubo yezwe langempela, abafundisi banika abafundi amandla okuba abenza izingxoxo ezisebenzayo ngezingxoxo zobulungisa nenguquko. Izinhlangano ezifana ne- Lobitab Liberies Union (ACLT) Union kanye ne [FLT:] iprojecter [FLT]]

Isiphetho: Ukusekela Isithembiso Sokulunga

Ilungelo lokuqulwa ngokulunga akuyona isisekelo somphakathi ozinzile; isisekelo lapho kwakhiwe khona umphakathi ozinzile nonobulungisa. Isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi senqubo yokuvikela, kusukela ekucabangeni ukuthi umsulwa kuya ekulweni, siklanyelwe ukuvikela umuntu emandleni asabekayo ombuso. Nakuba uhlelo olungokomthetho lunamandla, izinselele eziqhubekayo zobandlululo lohlanga, imithombo yengcebo elinganiselwe, nethonya lezokuxhumana kusikhumbuza ukuthi ukuphishekela ubulungisa kuwumzamo oqhubekayo, akuwona umkhiqizo ophelele. Kubafundisi, lezizimiso akusona nje isenzo semfundo yezekhono lomphakathi. Kuyisenzo sokugunyaza komphakathi. Ngokuqonda amalungelo abo, abafundi bahlonyiswe kangcono ukuba bavikele futhi bagcine isimiso sabo somthetho. Isithembiso sokuvivinywa sithembisa sokugcina wonke umsebenzi wentando yentando yeningi, futhi isithembiso sokusebenza isizukulwane ngasinye.