Impikiswano yokuthi uchaza kanjani uMthetho-sisekelo we-United States idala njengencwadi ngokwayo. Phakathi kwemiklamo enethonya kakhulu kungokokuqala, indlela esekela ukuthi incazelo yoMthetho-sisekelo kufanele ilungiswe ngokwendlela yokuqala yokuqonda ilungiselelo ngalinye ngesikhathi yagunyazwa. Lombono awuyilawuli nje imithetho yokwahlulela; futhi uthonya kakhulu indlela izazi zakuqala ezibheka ngayo inqubo yokulungisa nokushintsha komthetho-sisekelo. Ukuze ziqonde lombono, umuntu kumelwe aqale aqonde isisekelo sobuProgramustry futhi abone ukuthi zisebenza kanjani eSiphakathweni V, indlela yokulawula imithetho engokomthetho, kanye nezimpikiswano ezibanzi ngokuphathelene nokuzinzisayo ngenguquko nezindlela ezisemthethweni.

Isisekelo Sokuqala

Imfundiso yokuqala ayiyona imfundiso engokomlando, kodwa ivumelana nesisekelo: umbhalo womthetho-sisekelo kufanele uchazwe ngokwencazelo yawo yokuqala yomphakathi ngesikhathi sokukhuliswa. Kunokuba uphathe uMthetho-sisekelo njengencwadi ephilayo encazelo yawo ishintsha nomphakathi, owendalo bathatha ukuchazwa kobufakazi obungokomlando, kuhlanganise nolimi oluvamile lombhalo, izimpikiswano ezihlobene nokutholwa kwawo, kanye nomongo womthetho namasiko. Lendlela ivame ukuphikisana nefilosofi "yokuphila", ephikisa ukuthi incazelo ifanelana nezimo zanamuhla, ngezinye izikhathi iqondela embhalweni ongaphezu kwencazelo yayo yokuqala.

Ukubhala Nencazelo Yokuqala Yeningi

Phakathi kobuFLT, imicu emibili eyinhloko iye yavela. iqondene nenhloso eqondiswe yi-Framers ngokwayo, kuyilapho yakuqala incazelo yomphakathi [[ ibheka indlela umbhalo oqondeka ngayo kumuntu onengqondo ngesikhathi sokutholwa. Lesimiso, esiye sasekelwa nguMahluleli u-Anton Scialia phakathi kwabanye, siye saba yinguquko yanamuhla evelele. Igcizelela ukuthi uMthetho-sisekelo ungumBhalo, awuyona iqoqo lenhloso yezihloko, nokuthi injongo yawo iqonde kanjani nge-ratting. Lesimiso siqonde ngokuqondile ushintsho lwemithetho engokomthetho: uma incazelo ihlelwe, bese kumiswa ngokwemithetho esemthethweni kuphela ngendlela ebekwe ngayo e-Vtan.

Abakholelwa ekudalweni bakholelwa ukuthi ukwethembeka encazelweni yokuqala kuvikela ukuzibusa kwentando yeningi. Uma abahluleli noma ezinye izikhulu ziphoqelela izintando zazo zanamuhla ngaphansi kwencazelo, bawubhala futhi ngokuphumelelayo uMthetho-sisekelo ngaphandle kokuvumelana okukhulu okufunwa yiSiphakamiso V. Kubantu bokuqala, kululaza kokubili ukubusa komthetho kanye nelungelo lobukhosi babantu lokuzibusa ngomthetho wabo ophakeme.

ISiphakamiso V Nenqubo Yesichibiyelo

Abasunguli benza ngamabomu ukuba uMthetho-sisekelo ube nzima ukuqeda. ISiphakamiso V sinikeza izindlela ezimbili zokusikisela (ziyizingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zazo zombili izindlu zomkhandlu, noma ngomhlangano obizwa ngama-padsworces amabili-sithathu ombuso) nezindlela ezimbili zokuhlanganisa (ngezintathu kwezine zezishaya-mthetho zombuso noma ngemihlangano emikhulu ezindaweni ezintathu). I-atmosfera iqinisekisa ukuthi noma iluphi ushintsho lubonisa ukuvumelana kwesizwe, hhayi izinhloso zesikhashana zeningi elincane.

Umklamo Oyinqaba Wesihloko V

Izazi zoqobo zivame ukugcizelela ukuhlakanipha okufakwe eSiphakamisweni V. Phakathi neSivumelwano soMthetho-sisekelo, izihambeli zaphikisana ngendlela yokulinganisela ukuqina kwezimiso nekhono lokulungisa amaphutha. Abanye abadansi babesaba ukuthi ibhukwana eliqinile lalizoholela ekuvukeleleni, kuyilapho abanye babekhathazekile ngokuthi ukushendeka kalula kwakuzobangela ukungahleleki. Ukuyekethisa kwabo kwafinyelela – ukufuna ukuvunyelwa yizingxenye ezimbili-ntathu zeSishaya-mthetho kanye nezintathu zamazwe - zabonwa njengendawo ephakathi. Njengoba uJames Madison wabhala ku- uNost., inqubo ye-mendment iklanyelwe ukuba baqaphe "ust" ngokumelene nokuthuthukiswa okudingekile.

Kubafundi be-produsmestry, lokhu kusho ukuthi uMthetho-sisekelo awuzange uhloselwe ukuba uvumelane nokuchazwa kabusha komthetho. Abaxhasi bakholelwa ukuthi noma yiluphi ushintsho kufanele ludluliswe ngezingqimba eziningi zedemokrati emelelwayo. Yingakho abakholelwa ekudalweni kwakuqala bebheka inqubo yokulungisa hhayi njengesithiyo nje kodwa njengesici esiyisisekelo sohlelo lomthetho-sisekelo. I-barge ephezulu ivikela idokhumende ezimfashinini zezombangazwe ezithatha isikhathi esifushane nakumandla ukuze bakhe izivumelwano eziqinile, ezinqamule i-omfantu.

Okwenza Abashisekeli Bemvelaphi Bazise Izimfuneko Eziphakeme

Imfuneko yama-3:5 eMkhandlwini namashumi amathathu anesine ezifundazwe iqinisekisa ukuthi izinguquko zibonisa ukuvumelana okubanzi nokuhlala. Abasekeli bezoqobo baphikisa ngokuthi lokhu kuvimbela iningi elivamile ukuba libeke intando yalo kuso sonke isizwe, ikakhulukazi uma le ndaba ihilela amalungelo ayisisekelo noma izinguquko zokwakha. Ngokwesibonelo, iqembu elithatha iSishaya-Mkhandlu nomphathi alikwazi ukuguqula kalula iSiphenduko Sokuqala ngenxa yokuthi izinqandelo ezintathu ezinezintambo - eziningi zikahulumeni ezingase zibunjwe yiqembu eliphikisayo – elizodinga ukuhlanganiswa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izazi zenkathi yokuqala ziveza ukuthi inqubo yokulungisa iye yasebenza lapho isizwe sibhekene nezinhlekelele zangempela noma izimpawu zokushintsha kokuziphatha. I-Bill of Rights, i-Reconstructions, kunye neNkathi yokulungisa inguquko (njenge-16 ne 17th) zonke zafinyelelwa nge-Athis V. Iminyaka edingekayo yokuzicubungula, impikiswano yomphakathi, nokwakha izinxulumani ezibanzi. Kubantu bokuqala, ushintsho lwemithetho-mthetho-mfantulthro - ngenhloso, ngokufakwa kohulumeni nabantu.

Imibono Yabantu Bemvelaphi Ngokushintsha Komthetho - sisekelo

Isibopho esiyinhloko sobuProtomstry – ukuthi incazelo yoMthetho-sisekelo imiswe ekulungisweni kwemithetho ngokwemvelo iholela ekukhetheni ukuguqulwa okungokomthetho ngenxa yokuchazwa kabusha kokwahlulela. Kodwa abaqali abamelene noshintsho lomthetho-sisekelo ngokwe-se; baphikisa ushintsho oludlula inqubo yokulungisa. Baphikisa ukuthi kakade uMthetho-sisekelo unezimiso ezinamandla zokuvumelana: I-Commission ingadlulisa imithetho, izifunda zingazama ngezimiso, futhi abantu bangawulungisa umbhalo. Lokho abahluleli abangenakukwenza, ngokwezazi zokuqala, kubukeza uMthetho-sisekelo ukuze bahlangabezane nezindinganiso zesikhathi sobulungisa.

Izinqumo Njengomshini Ofanele

Abasunguli bezokuqala bavame ukugubha inqubo yokulungisa njengendlela enkulu yokubonisa ubukhosi obuthandwayo. Uma isizwe sinquma okuthile kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba kuphakanyiswe kumthetho-sisekelo, abantu kumelwe bathathe isinyathelo ngokukhetha abameleli babo kokubili emazingeni kahulumeni nawombuso. Le nqubo ephansi, enqunywe-simo iqinisekisa ukuthi ukulungisa kugunyazwa kuphela ngemva kwempikiswano eqinile. Inguquko ikhomba phambili iSichibiyelo se 14 seSimende, esibuye siphakamise uhulumeni waseMelika namalungelo omphakathi, njengesibonelo sendlela ushintsho lwemithetho- ngokomthetho okufanele lwenzeke ngayo. Yahlolwa yiSishaya-Propolaters ka-18666, yagunyazwa obala ukuthi incazelo yaso iqondwa obala kuphela ngemibandela noma imfutho, isivikelo esilinganayo, nenqubo efanelekile ngabahluleli bokuqala, abahluleli bokuqala, bebokuqala, bengenakusekela incazelo yelungelo, futhi bengasho ukuthi incazelo sasekuqaleni.

Ngokuphikisanayo, izazi zokuqala zenqaba umqondo wokuthi izinkantolo zingavuselela uMthetho-sisekelo ngencazelo ebanzi. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuqaphela kweNkantolo Ephakeme ilungelo lokushada ngokushendeza obergefell v. Hodges (20) kwagxekwa ngabasunguli abaningi bezomthetho-sisekelo njengokwephula inqubo yokulungisa inqubo. Baphikisa ngokuthi indaba yomshado kufanele ishiyelwe enqubweni yezombangazwe noma ekulungiseni umthetho ngokomthetho. Ngisho noma umuntu evumelana nomphumela, izazi zokuqala ziphikelela ukuthi indlela yokushintsha izindaba – neSiphakamiso V ilulaza ukufaneleka kombuso.

Ukumelana Nokuchazwa Kokwahlulela Nomthetho - sisekelo Ophilayo

Umthetho-sisekelo ophilayo ungena, othi incazelo yoMthetho-sisekelo ingaguquka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngaphandle kokulungisa okungokomthetho, iwumphikisi oyinhloko wobuProfethi. Abaqondisi bokuqala baphikisa ngokuthi lendlela inikeza amajaji amandla amakhulu kakhulu, ibavumela ngokuphumelelayo ukuba babe abamisi-mthetho abangakhethwanga. Baphikisa ngokuthi uma abahluleli befunda amalungelo amasha eMthethweni - njengelungelo lokukhipha isisu noma lomshado ongowobulili obufanayo – badlula inqubo yentando yeningi kanye nencazelo yokuqala yombhalo. Kunalokho, abasunguli basekela ukushintshwa ngenqubo yokulungisa, okuphathelene nokuhlukanisa imibuso nemithetho.

Lokhu akusho ukuthi abaqambi be-ronasts baphikisana nazo zonke izincazelo ezibanzi. Abanye abakholelwa ekuqaleni bathola ukuthi, ngokwesibonelo, incazelo yokuqala yomphakathi yeSichibiyelo se 14 ihlanganisa incazelo yesivikelo esilinganayo sezindlela ezithile zokucwasana kwabesilisa nabesifazane, ngoba umongo wendaba nokwethulo kusikisela isimiso esibanzi. Nokho, baphikelela ukuthi izincazelo ezinjalo zisekelwe ebufakazini obungokomlando, hhayi ezithandwayo zenqubo yanamuhla. Ezimweni eziningi, abakholelwa ekutheni uMthetho-sisekelo awugunyazi imiphumela ethile ethile; ushiya izinqumo zesimiso somthetho wentando yeningi. Ngakho, ushintsho lwezenhlalo kufanele lufike ngomthetho nangomthetho, hhayi ngecala lokwahlulela.

Impikiswano Ngokuvumelana Nezimo Nokuqina

Ukungqubuzana phakathi kokuvumelana nezimo nokuzinza kuyimbangela yezimpikiswano eziningi zomthetho-sisekelo. Abaqondisi bakuqala bamukela ukuqina okuvela embhalweni omisiwe womthetho-sisekelo, kuyilapho abagxeki bephikisa ngokuthi ukuqina okunjalo kungavimbela ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okudingekile futhi kuqhubekisele phambili ukungabi nabulungisa. Lempikiswano ihambisana nomongo wenqubo yokulungisa ngokwayo.

Izimpikiswano Ezihambisana Nokuqamba Kwakuqala

Abasekeli benkolelo yokuthi izinto zazivelela baqokomisa izinzuzo eziningana eziyinhloko zokunamathela enqubweni yokulungisa:

  • Ukusebenziseka nokubikezelwa: [Lapho incazelo yoMthetho-sisekelo ingazinzile, izakhamuzi, amabhizinisi, nohulumeni ingathembela kuyo. Ukubusa komthetho kuyaqiniswa uma ukuchaza kungashintshi nomjikelezo wezombangazwe ngamunye noma ukushintsha kwefilosofi yokwahlulela.
  • Umthetho osemthethweni wedemokrasi: Izichibiyelo zidinga ukuvumelana okukhulu kuyo yonke imigqa yombuso namaqembu ezombangazwe. Lemfuneko enkulu iqinisekisa ukuthi izinguquko zibonakalisa isivumelwano esijulile, esiqinile, hhayi iningi elidlulayo. Abakholelwa ekudalweni kwakuqala baphikisa ngokuthi lenqubo iveza ushintsho olungokomthetho olungokomthetho kakhulu kunomthetho-mthetho.
  • Ukubheka ukusungulwa: Abasekeli bobufundisi babheka umthetho-sisekelo njengobubopha obenziwa abantu abangombusi. Ukuguqula incazelo yawo ngaphandle kokulandela imithetho eguquliwe kuwukwephula leyo mithetho ehlangeneyo. Ukuthembeka ngokwencazelo yokuqala kuhlonipha igunya lalabo abagunyaza lencwadi.
  • Ukusungula ukuxhashazwa kobandlululo: Ubunzima bokuguqula uMthetho-sisekelo bunqanda izinkulu zesikhashana ekushintsheni umthetho oyisisekelo wenzuzo yabashokobezi. Lokhu kulondoloza indima yoMthetho-sisekelo njengesisekelo esidlula ezombangazwe zansuku zonke.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izazi zemvelaphi ziphawula ukuthi inqubo yokulungisa ngokomlando iye yanele ukwenza izinguquko ezinkulu. Ukuqedwa kobugqila, isiqinisekiso sesivikelo esifanayo, ukunwetshwa kwamalungelo okuvota, nokukhethwa ngokuqondile kwabaphathi bonke kwenzeka ngeSiphakamiso V. i-Critarians iphikisa ngokuthi ikhono lokulungisa uma kuvela ukuvumelana kwesizwe liqinisekisa ukuthi isimiso siyasebenza; inkinga, bathi, ilapho abashisekeli benguquko befuna ukusheshiswa kwezindawo eziqanjiwe.

Ukugxekwa Okubangelwa Umthetho - sisekelo Ophilayo Nemibono Eqhubekayo

Abagxeki bemfundiso yokuqala baphakamisa izimpikiswano eziningana:

  • Ukushintsha kanye nokwehla kwemigqa: Izimfuneko ezinkulu kakhulu zeSiphakamiso V zenza kube nzima kakhulu ukulungisa uMthetho-sisekelo. Ukulungiswa kokugcina okuphumelelayo kwakuyiSichibiyelo se-77 (1992), esasihlongozwe ngo-1789. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi lomthetho uvimbela umthetho-sisekelo ekusingatheni ukhulumeni nezinkinga zanamuhla njengemali yomkhankaso, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, noma isivikelo sendawo ezungezile.
  • Incazelo yokuqala efinyelelwe: Incazelo yokuqala yomphakathi yezigaba eziningi (umzk., iSichibiyelo Sesibili, i-Commerce Claus) ingabonisa izimo zezenhlalo nezobuchwepheshe eziphelelwe isikhathi. Ukuphoqelela umphakathi wanamuhla ukuba uphile ngaphansi kwencazelo yekhulu le-18 kungaholela emiphumeleni engalungile. Abagxeki bakhomba iqiniso lokuthi uMthetho wokuqala uvikela ubugqila futhi uphika ilungelo lokuvota – amaphutha adinga ukulunga, kodwa okungaphenduliwe kwezinye izindawo.
  • Uhlelo olungahlangani: Abakholelwa ekuziqulweni ngokuvamile bayaphikisana ngokuthi iyini ngempela incazelo yokuqala. Lokhu kungaholela ekufihleni izahlulelo ezicatshangelwe ngokusekelwe ngokwemininingwane engokomlando. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abasunguli bezinto zakuqala ngezinye izikhathi bakhetha ubufakazi obusekela imiphumela efunekayo.
  • Ukuncika ekulungiseni: Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi inqubo yokulungisa ingeyodwa kangangokuba ivimbela ngokuphumelelayo noma yiluphi ushintsho, ishiya umthetho-sisekelo ushiywe iqhwa ngesikhathi. Lokhu kuphoqelela ukuba kumiswe izinkantolo zokulungisa incazelo ngokudingeke, noma uma kungenjalo umthetho uhluleka ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso ezicazululayo zobulungisa.

Izazi eziningi ezithuthukayo zisekela ukuphila kobuProtomism ngokunembile ngoba zibheka inqubo yokulungisa njengengafanele ukusingatha ukungalungi kokwakha. Ziphikisa ngokuthi umbhalo woMthetho-sisekelo unezimiso ezibanzi (njengesithi "isivikelo esilinganayo") esasihloselwe ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi eside. Abaqali bakuqala bathi, badidanisa izinhlelo eziqondile zabaFrame nezimiso ezibanzi.

Izinqumo Eziphawulekayo Nencazelo Yokuqala

Abahluleli nezazi zemvelaphi yokuqala ngokuvamile bahlaziya izinguquko ngelens yencazelo yomphakathi yasekuqaleni. Lendlela ingaveza imiphumela emangalisayo, njengoba izazi zakuqala zingase zingavumelani nezincazelo zakuqala.

Isiqinisekiso Samalungelo Abantu

Izinguquko zokuqala eziyishumi, ezagunyazwa ngo-1791, zisezingeni eliphezulu kumthetho we-jurisprunce. Izazi zoqobo zigcizelela ukuthi iBill of Rights ekuqaleni yayiqondwa njengesebenza kuhulumeni kahulumeni, hhayi ezweni - umbono oshintshwa yimfundiso yeSichibiyelo se-14. Nokho, abaqalayo abaphikisa ukuthi yimaphi amalungiselelo ahlanganisiwe. ngokwesibonelo, uMahluleli Thomas, uPhosthomas uphikisa ukuthi amaZwe noma ama-Immunion Clausle, akuyona i-Uhlelo luka-Clausle, futhi ayimoto yokuhlanganisa i-Diastion, nokuthi amalungelo athile ayisisekelo ayasebenza kuphela eMthethwenisweni wesibili [FLT] [FLD].[FLT][FLDiller:] (2001) ancike kakhulu incazelo ebanzi yezikhali futhi aqondwa yi-radiod.

Iziphendu Zokuvuselela

ISichibiyelo sekhulu le-13, se-14, nese-15, esamukelwa ngemva kweMpi Yombango, simelela ezinye zezinguquko ezibaluleke kakhulu zomthetho-sisekelo. Abaqondisi bendabuko babheka lezi zinguquko njengeziguqulayo, kodwa baphikelela ekuzichazeni ngokwencazelo yabo yokuqala. Ukuze iSichibiyelo se-14, lokhu kusho ukuthi iSiphendu seSiphendu sikaClaus seSikhungo sobuhlanga sinqabela ukucwasana kwemithetho kahulumeni njengoba kuqondwa ngo-1868, kodwa asikuhlanganisi nakancane ukucwasana okukhona ngaphandle kokuba ubufakazi obungokomlando busekela ukuhlobana okunjalo. Izingosiselo zenkolo zivame ukukhomba ukunquma ukuthi yimiphi imikhuba ethile eyayihloselwe ukuvinjelwa. Lokhu kuhlola okungokomlando kungaholela ekuchazeni okungalingani nezindlela ezivamile abagxeki ezitholakalayo ukuba kunganele ekulungiseni ukungalingani okuqhubekayo.

Izinqumiso Ze - 16 Neze - 17

ISichibiyelo se 16 (1913) sagunyaza intela yeholo kahulumeni, sagumbuqela isinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme. Abakholelwa ekudalweni kwakuqala bamukela lokhu kulungisa njengokusetshenziswa okungokomthetho kweSiphakamiso V, nakuba abanye bephikisana ngencazelo yaso yokuqala ngokuphathelene nencazelo "yokuphumelela". ISichibiyelo sekhulu sekhulu leshumi nanhlanu, esilungiselelwe ukukhethwa okuqondile kwabameli, siphawuleka ngoba abanye abakholelwa ekubusweni kuqala (kuhlanganise noJustice Scalia) bazwakalisa ukuzisola ngenkani yayo, bethi yalulaza ukumelela kwezwe eKhondlelweni futhi yanikela ekugxekweni kwemithetho yesizwe. Lesi sibonelo sibonisa ukuthi abakholelwa ekuqaleni bangagxeka ukuncitshiswa ngokwabo ngokwabo, babahlulela ngokumelene nesimiso somthetho wokuqala kunokuba bamukele zonke izimo ezivumelanayo ngokuzenzekelayo.

Ukuzivumelanisa Nezinselele Zanamuhla Nokuqala

Ukuqala kobuqamama akuyona ifilosofi eqinile; kuye kwashintsha ngokuphawulekayo kusukela ekuvuselweni kwayo kwanamuhla ngawo-1980. Namuhla, abaqondisi bokuqala baphikisana nendlela yokusingatha izindawo lapho uMthetho-sisekelo ungasho lutho noma udida. Abaningi baphikisa ngokuthi u-statusism akasho ukuthi uMthetho-sisekelo uyi-pamplistat eqinile; kumane kusho ukuthi ukuchaza kumelwe kuqondiswe ngencazelo yokuqala, hhayi izindinganiso zamanje. Uma incazelo yokuqala inganikezi impendulo ecacile, abasunguli benkathi ejwayelekile bathambekele ezimisweni zedemokrasi noma ukuhlola kwezwe.

Indima Yemihlangano YoMbuso Nezindlela Ezingaqondakali

Enye indawo engahlolwanga yindlela yomhlangano we-Agano V, engakaze isetshenziswe ukuveza ukuhlelwa kwenguquko. Abanye abaqambi benkolo basekela ukusebenzisa lendlela ukuxazulula izindaba ezinjengokulungisa uhlelo lwemali olulinganiselwe noma imingcele yamagama. Abanye baxwayisa ngokuthi umhlangano ungaba "ukubaleka" ovula wonke uMthetho-sisekelo ukuba ubukeze. Incazelo yokuqala yeSiphakamiso V ngokuphathelene nesigaba somhlangano ihlala iphikisana. Noma kunjalo, abasunguli bakuqala ngokuvamile bakholelwa ukuthi uma isizwe sifuna ukushintsha ngokuphawulekayo uMthetho-sisekelo, kufanele sisebenzise inqubo elungiselelwe iFramers elungiselelwe – ngisho noma leyondlela inzima.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izazi zokuqala zivame ukukhomba ekulungiseni isilinganiso sombuso kanye nezinyathelo ezithandwayo njengezinye izindlela ezithathela indawo ushintsho lomthetho-mthetho kahulumeni. Ngokwesibonelo, incazelo yeNkantolo Ephakeme yeSichibiyelo sesibili njengokuvikela ilungelo lomuntu ngamunye yayilindelwe ulwazi lwemfundo yakuqala nentuthuko yomthetho-sisekelo wezwe. Ngaleyondlela izazi zenkathi zibheka ukuhlola kwezwe njengendawo yokucwaninga engazisa ukuvumelana kwesizwe ngaphandle kokufuna ukubuyiselwa komthetho-mthetho-sisekelo kahulumeni.

Isiphetho

Ubuqanjisi bunikeza umbono ohlukile woshintsho olungokomthetho-sisekelo olubeka kuqala ukucubungula kwentando yeningi, ukuthembeka kwemibhalo, nokuthembeka komlando. Kubantu bokuqala, inqubo yokulungisa akusona isithiyo kodwa isivikelo — okuwukuphela kwendlela engokomthetho yokushintsha ngokuyisisekelo umthetho ophakeme wezwe. Nakuba abagxeki bechaza ukuqina kweSiphakamiso V kanye nokukwazi kobuProgramustism ukuba nezindinganiso eziphelelwe isikhathi, abasekeli bokuqala basabela ngokuthi uMthetho-sisekelo awukaze uhloselwe ukushintshwa kalula, futhi noma iluphi ushintsho kufanele lube nolwenziwe ngamabomu, lucace, futhi lugxile evumelweni ethandwayo.

Enkathini yokushintsha kwezombangazwe, ukugcizelela kokuqala kwenqubo nokuvumelana kungase kubonakale kuyiphupho. Nokho ukusebenza kokuqala okungapheli emfundweni engokomthetho naseNkantolo Ephakeme kubonisa ukuthi ukudlulisa kwayo kuyaqhubeka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umuntu uyavuma noma akavumelani, ukuqonda umbono wobukhona benkathi yokulungisa inqubo kubalulekile kunoma iyiphi impikiswano esekelwe ekutheni uMthetho-sisekelo ungaqala kanjani – futhi kufanele – ushintshe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

[[Ukwenyuka:0] ukufunda okuphindaphindiwe:[[Ukwehlela:1]