Isimiso sombuso wentando yeningi yisimiso sikahulumeni lapho amandla enikezwa khona kubantu, ababusa ngokuqondile noma ngokukhetha abameleli. Isimiso esiyisisekelo sentando yeningi siwukuthi igunya likahulumeni lisuka emvumeni yababuswayo. Lesivumelwano asisona isenzo esisodwa sesikhathi ebhokisini le-collet kodwa ubuhlobo obuqhubekayo obudinga ukusebenza, ulwazi, ukuhlanganyela okuqhubekayo kwezakhamuzi. Impilo negunya elisemthethweni lanoma isiphi isimiso sombuso wentando yeningi lixhomeke ekutheni izakhamuzi zingazithonya ngokuphumelelayo kanjani izinqumo ezilawula imiphakathi yazo, izizwe, nohlelo lwembulunga yonke. Lesi sihloko esinwenwe sihlola indima ebalulekile edlalwayo ezinqubweni zokwenza izinqumo zentando yeningi, sihlola kokubili izimiso ezingokwentando yeningi nezisungulwayo ezihloselwe ukufinyelela ukuhlanganiswa kwentando yentando yeningi.

Ukuhlanganyela Kwezakhamuzi Ekuziphendukeleni Ngokomlando

Ukuhlanganyela kwezakhamuzi ekubuseni akuyona into esungulwe namuhla. Umqondo wokubekwa kwezakhamuzi ngokuqondile ezinqumweni zezombangazwe usukela emuva e-Athene yasendulo, lapho izakhamuzi zabesilisa zazibuthene khona e-Agora ukuze zixoxe futhi zivote emithethweni. Nokho, lowomfanekiso wawulinganiselwe ngokwesilinganiso futhi ukhishwe abesifazane, izigqila, kanye nabaninizo abangameleli bezwe. Ukubusa ngentando yeningi okwavela ngekhulu le-18 nele-19, ikakhulukazi eUnited States nasezingxenyeni zeYurophu, kwasusa indima eyinhloko yezakhamuzi ekwakheni umthetho ukuze zikhethe abamele abamele. Lo nyakatho wawungasiza ngokwengxenye, izizwe ezihlukahlukene zazingenakuba nemihlangano yasikhathi sonke izakhamuzi.

Phakathi nekhulu lama-20 leminyaka, izinhlangano zentando yeningi zandisa isithakazelo sokuhlanganisa abesifazane, izinhlanga ezimbalwa, nezakhamuzi ezisencane. Nokho, indima yesakhamuzi yahlala ingenandaba phakathi kokhetho: izakhamuzi kwakulindeleke ukuba zivote, zikhokhe intela, futhi ngezinye izikhathi zilalele imithetho eqashelwayo ngokuzabalaza noma izincwadi eziya kubameleli. Ukuqonda lokhu kuveza ukuthi kungani ukuhlanganyela kwezakhamuzi kuyinselele enkulu, kushukunyiswa ukudukiswa izimiso zabameleli, ukukhungathenjelwa ezinhlanganweni, nezobuchwepheshe obusha bokuxhumana. Lenkathi yabangela ukuba kuvele imikhuba enjengohlelo lomphakathi, ukuzwa kwasobala, nokuhlola komphakathi.

Isizathu Sokuba Kudingeke Ukuba Izakhamuzi Zihlanganyele

Ukuhlanganyela kwezakhamuzi akuyona nje ilungelo kodwa kuyisidingo esisebenzayo sokubusa ngentando yeningi. Uma izakhamuzi zimatasa futhi zinolwazi, zinengxenye emiphumeleni eminingana ebucayi:

  • ukukhokha icala: izikhulu ezikhethiwe zilalela izidingo zomphakathi. Izikhulu ezaziyo ukuthi abameleli bazo baqaphile futhi balungele ukubuthwa, azinathuba lokumelana nesithakazelo somphakathi.
  • Ubunjani be-Prolity:[ Ufakelwa okuguquguqukayo kwezakhamuzi kuletha ulwazi lwazo lwezimo zendawo, izidingo, kanye nokukhetha okungantuleki kakhulu abenzi besinqumo abayinhloko. Lokhu kungaholela ezimisweni eziphumelela kakhulu nezihlelekile zikamongo.
  • Isinqumo sobubhali: Izinqumo ezenziwa ngokufakwa komphakathi okunenjongo cishe ziyokwamukelwa futhi zixhaswe, ngisho nangalabo abangavumelani ngokugcwele nomphumela. Lokhu kunciphisa ukungezwani kwezenhlalo futhi kuqinisa umthetho.
  • Ukuthatha igalelo: izinqubo zingakha ukwethembana phakathi kwezakhamuzi naphakathi kwezakhamuzi nezinhlangano. Uma abantu besebenza ndawonye ezinkingeni ezifanayo, baqala umuzwa wokuba nomphakathi owodwa.
  • [ Imfundo ye-pivic:[ Isenzo sokuhlanganyela ngokwaso sifundisa izakhamuzi ngendlela uhulumeni asebenza ngayo, amalungelo azo, nendlela yokusekela ngokuphumelelayo. Lolwazi luqhubekisela phambili umjikelezo omuhle wokuthembisana.

Ukucwaninga kuveza ngokungaguquki ukuthi amazwe anamazinga aphakeme okuhlanganyela ezakhamuzini, elinganiswa yilungu lezinhlangano zomphakathi, ukuhileleka emisebenzini yomphakathi, okuhloselwe ukuba abe nezinhlangano zentando yeningi ezinamandla kakhulu kanye namazinga aphansi enkohlakalo. Nokho, ukuhlanganyela kumelwe kube nengqondo, hhayi izimpawu nje. Ukuxoxa nomphakathi okungakunaki ukufakwa kwezakhamuzi kungaveza ishwa, ukwanda kokugxeka nokulahla.

Izinhlobo Zokuhlanganyela Kwezakhamuzi: Ukusuka Ekufundeni Kuya Ekubhuntshisweni

Izakhamuzi zingahlanganyela enqubweni yentando yeningi ngemisebenzi eminingi, kusukela ezenzweni eziphansi kakhulu kuya ekucabangeni okujulile. Ukuqonda lokhu kuhlukahluka kusiza izakhamuzi ukuba zikhethe izindlela ezifanelana nezimo nezithakazelo zazo.

Ukukhangisa Nokukhetha

Ukuvota kuyindlela eqondile nesakazeke kakhulu yokuhlanganyela kwesakhamuzi. Kodwa ezindaweni eziningi, izakhamuzi zikhetha abameleli emazingeni amaningi", endaweni, esifundazweni, engangovota futhi ezinhlalweni zokuthatha i-asendium noma i-collet. Nakuba ukuvota kuyisenzo esiphansi kakhulu, kuwumphathi wemithetho yokukhetha okunamandla. Nokho, ukuvota kukodwa akuqinisekisi ukuthi imithetho iyobonisa isakhamuzi, ikakhulukazi uma izimiso zokhetho zisonta ukumelela (umz., okokuqala, lapho amahlelo-pale-ste-sss) noma lapho abavoti benokukhetha okulinganiselwe phakathi kwabathathi abafana nabo. Ngokuvumelana nolwazi lufuna ukuba izakhamuzi zikwazi ukuthola ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa ngokuphathelenezindaba, izimpikiswano, nokuhlongokwazo zokukhetha kwazo.

Ukuba Yiqili Nokuphanga

Izakhamuzi zingasekela izimiso ezithile ngokuxhumana ngokuqondile nezikhulu ezikhethiwe, ngokubhala izincwadi, ngokusayina izingcingo, ngokuhlanganyela ekubhikisheni, noma ekujoyineni amaqembu enzalo. Ukuqasha kubaluleke kakhulu ezindabeni ezithinta amaqembu amancane noma ezingase zishaywe indiva amaqembu amakhulu. Amapulatifomu amanani akwenze kwaba lula ukuhlela izicelo ze-ingosi yezenhlalo, ukukhuthaza amazwi ezakhamuzi. Nokho, ithonya lenhlangano ehlangene kakhulu lingase liqede isakhamuzi, liphakamise imibuzo ephathelene nenqubo yezombangazwe.

Ukuzinqumela Nokwenezela

Intando yeningi igcizelela ukudingidwa kwezingxoxo zezokuzikhethela phakathi kwezakhamuzi ngaphambi kokwenza izinqumo. Izindlela zihlanganisa imihlangano yehholo lasedolobheni, izinqumo zezakhamuzi, izinqumo ezizimeleyo, nemihlangano yokuvumelana. Lezi zimo zihloselwe ukunqoba imingcele yokuvota okulula, okungaveza imibono engaguquguquki. Ngokuletha amaqembu ahlukene ndawonye ukuze kuxoxwe ubufakazi, ukuhweba ngamabomu, nokuthuthukisa izinqumo zolwazi, izinqubo zokukhipha imvume yokukhipha isilinganiso esiphezulu nokwandisa ukufaneleka. Isibonelo, i-"G1000" ingqungquthela yezakhamuzi eBelgium yaletha izakhamuzi eziyinkulungwane ezikhethelwe ngokungazelelene ukudingida inguquko yezequ, ukuveza iziphaka okuthiwe ingqungqungquthela kamuva yimali. Inhlangano yezakhamuzi yase-Ireland ethinta ukukhishwa kwezisu.

Ukuhlela Izimpande Zomphakathi Nemizabalazo

Ukuhlelwa komphakathi kuhilela ukuhlomela izakhamuzi zendawo ukuba zibone izinkinga ezivamile futhi zisebenze ndawonye ukuze zibhekane nazo, ngokuvamile ngokuxoxisana neziphathimandla noma isenzo esiqondile. Izinhlangano eziphumelelayo, njenge-Civil Rights Movement e-United States noma umzabalazo wokulwa ne-apartheid eNingizimu Afrika, zithembele ekuhleleni okuqhubekayo okusakhelwe amandla. Lokhu kuhlanganyela kubalulekile ikakhulukazi emiphakathini ehluzekile engekho ngokwesiko. Ukuhlelwa kwezimiso akufezi kuphela izinguquko ezingokoqobo kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa amakhono obuchwepheshe obuholayo nenhloko yezenhlalo phakathi kwamalungu ahlanganyela.

Ukuhlanganyela Ekuhleleni Uhlelo Lohlelo Nokusebenzisa Imali Kawonk ’ Uwonke

Ukuhlanganisa uhlelo lokuhlela (PB) kuyinqubo lapho izakhamuzi zinquma khona ngokuqondile ukuthi zizoyabela kanjani ingxenye yezimali zomphakathi. Okokuqala zathuthukiswa ePorto Alegre, eBrazil, ekupheleni kwawo-1980, iPB iye yasakazekela ezinkulungwaneni zamadolobha emhlabeni wonke, kuhlanganise neNew York, iParis, neSeoul. EPB, izakhamuzi zihlanganyela ezindaweni eziseduze, zihlobise izakhiwo, zivote izinto eziza kuqala, futhi zibonise ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zindawo. I-PB yandisa ukubonakala, inciphisa ukonakala, futhi ngokuvamile iholela ekusebenziseni lokho okungcono okudinga umphakathi (isibonelo), ukutshala izakhiwo zenhlanzeko, imfundo, nezindawo ezizamukela imali ephansi. I-Co-gorancenance idlulisela umqondo kwezinye izindawo, njengokusayinwa kwemisebenzi yomphakathi noma izakhiwo zemvelo.

Izinselele Zokuhlanganyela Esakhayo Ezakhamuzini

Naphezu kokuvumelana okusakazekile ngokubaluleka kokuhlanganyela, izithiyo ezijulile zokwakha nokuziphatha ziyaqhubeka.

Ukunganaki Nokudumazeka

Kuyintando yeningi emisiwe, umvoti unciphe, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwentsha. Ukunganaki ngokuvamile kubangelwa yinkolelo yokuthi isimiso sezombangazwe asisabeli noma sonakele − ukuthi "ivoti yami ayibalulekile" noma "zonke izazi zezombangazwe ziyafana" lokhu kugxeka kungazenza zigcwalise: ukuthatha uhlangothi oluphansi kuholela kohulumeni abameleli abambalwa, okuthi ngokuqhubekayo kunqande ukuthembisana. Ukuvela kwezinhlangano zempompali kuveza ngokwengxenye lokhu kudideka, njengoba izakhamuzi zifuna izindlela zokusebenzisa izinhlangano ezivamile.

Izithiyo Ezingatholakala

Izimo zezenhlalo nezomnotho zisenye yezici ezinamandla kakhulu ezibonisa ukuthi umuntu angahlanganyela kwezombangazwe. Abantu abathola iholo eliphezulu, imfundo, kanye nesikhundla emsebenzini basengozini kakhulu yokuvota, ukuvota, ukunikela emikhankasweni, nokuxhumana nezikhulu. Imingcele ehlanganisa imithetho ye-ID, ukuhlola amahora aphikisana nomsebenzi, ukungakhathaleli kwabantwana, imingcele yolimi, nokukhubazeka okwenza ukuba ukufinyelela komzimba kube nzima. Le migoqo ayikuvumeli nje ukuba umuntu athathe iqhaza kodwa futhi izwane nezikhulu ezihambisana nokungalingani. Izakhamuzi eziphansi ezingenisa imali nezinhlanga ezihambayo ngokuvamile ithathwa ngezinqubo zokuzinhlangothi, ngisho nalapho lezo ziklanyelwe ukuba zifinyelele ngokoqobo.

Ukungaqondi Nokungaqondi

Inkathi ye-minucture iye yaletha ukutholakala kokwaziswa okungajwayelekile kodwa futhi nokwaziswa okungamanga. .Mishfory / ulwazi olungamanga noma oludukisayo olusakazekile ngaphandle kwenhloso yokukhohlisa `ne ``````````ilielibe''''' ukwaziswa okungamanga okusakazwayo ukukhohlisa'. Kungaphazamisa ukuqonda umphakathi ngezindaba, ukuhlukanisa imibono, futhi kululaza ukwethemba ezinhlanganweni ze-demokhrasi. Ukuhlola kwe-Oxford Internet Institute kubonisa ukuthi imikhankanti yokususa izimvume zemininingwane iye yabangela ukhetho emazweni amaningi. Uma izakhamuzi zisekela izinqumo zazo emikhakheni yamanga, izinga lentando yentando yeningi liyahle. Ukulwa kwalokhu kudinga imfundo yokuhlola ulwazi, ukupheka kweze-teoperatestry, nokuphendulela i-profile, kodwa lezi zinyathelo ngokwazo zibhekene izigwebo ezingoko zezombangazwe.

Ukumelana Nokwakha Nezinhlangano

Ngisho noma izakhamuzi zizimisele futhi zikwazi ukuhlanganyela, izinhlangano ezikhona zingase zingaklanyelwa ukuvumelana nokungenwa okubalulekile. Ngokwesibonelo, ohulumeni bendawo bangase bafake izimemezelo zomphakathi ngezikhathi ezingafanele, balinganisele isikhathi sokukhuluma, noma bangakunaki ukukhulumela lapho benza izinqumo zokugcina. Intando yeningi yokubusa ngentando yeningi inikeza izikhulu ezikhethiwe ukwahlulela okubanzi phakathi kokhetho, futhi zingamelana nokufakwa okuphoqelelayo okubekela inselele igunya noma ubuchwepheshe bazo. Ezinye izinqubo zokuchashaza, njengokuhlola izihloko eziyinkimbinkimbi zobuchwepheshe, zingaveza imiphumela engazi kahle uma izakhamuzi zintula ulwazi oludingekile. Ukuhlanganisa ukungezwa kwesakhamuzi ngekhono nokusebenza kahle kwesinqumo kuhlala kusekhona ukungathikasana.

Indlela Entsha Yokuthuthukisa Izakhamuzi

Beqaphela kokubili izingibe zokuhlanganyela, abasunguli bomsebenzi emhlabeni wonke basungula izindlela ezintsha namathuluzi okwandisa ukuthembisana, ukucabangisisa ngokujule, nokwenza ukuhlanganyela kube okunengxenye futhi kuphumelele ngokwengeziwe.

Ukushintsha Kwentando Yeningi Kwezinombolo

Amathuluzi emishini anganciphisa imingcele yokuhlanganyela ngokwenza izakhamuzi zikwazi ukungenela ekhaya, ngezikhathi ezizinzile, nangezilimi eziningi. Ama-Platform anjengo-Decidim (osetshenziswa yi-Barcelona kanye namanye amadolobha), i-Consul (esetshenziswa yi-Madrid kanye namanye), futhi i-CitizenLab ivumela izakhamuzi ukuba zinikeze imibono, zikhulume ngezimiso, zivote ngezimali zokuhlukanisa, futhi zilandele ukuhlelwa kwe-inthanethi yolayini. La mapulatifomu angalingana ukuze afinyelele izinkulungwane noma ngisho nezigidi zamalungu. Nokho, afaka futhi izingozi zokwenezela izibalo (asebenzisiwe-Madrid nawama-interlinet noma amakhono obuchwepheshe obungangeni, angahlukaniswa yi-bo abangenwanga

Imihlangano Engcolile Neyabakhileyo

Ukuhlola okungalawuleki, okwasungulwa nguJames Fishkin, kuhlanganisa ukunikeza isampuli lokwaziswa okulinganiselwe kwezakhamuzi kumagazini othile, ukuvumela ukuhlobana kweqembu, bese kulinganiswa imibono yazo ngaphambi kokubika kubenzi bemithetho. Lendlela iye yasetshenziswa ezindabeni ezisukela kumthetho-sicilo-mgamu eTexas kuya kumthetho-sisekelo we-Mongolia. Imihlangano yabahlaziyi iqhubeke phambili: bayimikhandlu efuna ukukhishwa kwemidaba ekhethelweyo yezakhamuzi ezihlangana ngezimpelasonto ukuze zifunde umagazini, zilalele ubufakazi obungochwepheshe, futhi zithuthukise iziphakamiso. Inhlangano yezakhamuzi zase-Ireland e-8h Isigwegwegwegwe iholela ngokuqondile ekudluliseni okuthiwe kokukhishwa kwesisu okusemthethweni, ibonisa ithonya lezentengo yezombangazwe. Nakuba lezi ziveza isikhathi esibizayo kanye nesezingeni eliphezulu, lezi ziveza ukutusa okuthenjwayo, ukusikisela okuphakeme, nokuhluzeka kwezombangazwe kwezombangazwe.

Ukuhlanganyela Ekuhlelweni Kohlelo Lokusetshenziswa Kwemali 2.0

Ukuhlanganisa uhlelo lokuhlela imali kuye kwasuka kumavoti alula omakhelwane kuya kumasampula ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ahlanganisa amathuluzi emishini, agxile ekulinganiseni, nasekuhleleni imali ekhudlwana. EDolobheni laseNew York, inqubo yokusebenzisa imali ehambisanayo inikeza izigidi zamaRandi emikhankasweni eyinhloko, futhi kwenziwa imizamo yokuhlasela izindawo eziphansi ezikhona futhi kuhileleke intsha. EPortugal, ukuhlelwa kwemali elinganiselwe ezingeni lesizwe kuvumele izakhamuzi ukuba zihlolele futhi zivote emisebenzini enjengezempilo, imfundo, nendawo ezungezile. Izibonelo ezintsha zihlanganisa nezindawo eziphambili "deligated" ezakhelwayo ngaphambi kokuvota, lapho izakhamuzi zixoxa ngezinqumo, zithuthukisa izinga lezenzwe kahle. Uma kwenziwa, ukwandisa ukuva, ukuthembana kwezakhamuzi, nokuvota, nokuvota kuzo zonke impumelelo.

Ukuhlanganyela Emithethweni Nendalo Kanye Nokwenza Okukodwa

Abanye ohulumeni bazama ukuhileleka ngokuqondile ezakhamuzini ekubhaleni imithetho nezimiso. EBrazil, i-"e-Cidania" ivumela izakhamuzi ukuba zinikeze iziphakamiso zomthetho ezithi, uma zithola ukusekelwa okwanele, zihlolwe yiSishaya-mthetho. EFinland, "Umnyango Ovulekile" uvumela ukumiswa komthetho oqondile. Nakuba ukwenza kanjalo kungandile, kungandisa ukuhlukahlukahluka kwemibono futhi kuqinise ukuhlobana phakathi kwezakhamuzi eziswele nezenzo zikahulumeni. Imisebenzi yezemisebenzi yomphakathi (“Izinkonzo zomphakathi"/izindawo zezakhamuzi nezisebenzi zomphakathi eziklanywe ndawonye kanye nezindawo zomphakathi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokwakha izakhiwo zempilo nokuhlela amadolobha. Lokhu kuthinta okuhlangenwe nakho kwezakhamuzi ukuze zenze izinkonzo eziwusizo kakhulu futhi ziphumelele.

Indima Yemfundo Yesibalo Nemfundo Yemithombo Yezindaba

Ukuze ukuhlanganyela kube nengqondo, izakhamuzi kumelwe zihlonyiswe ngamakhono okuqonda izindaba eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukuhlola imithombo, nokuxhumana ngokuphumelelayo. Imfundo ye-CBIC ezikoleni ibalulekile, kodwa kumelwe idlule ngalé kokufunda amaqiniso omthetho-sisekelo ukuze ihlanganise ukuhluzeka, ukuphikisana, nokulingisa izinqubo zentando yeningi. Amazwe anjengeFinland ne-Estonia ahlanganisa ukufunda imithombo yezindaba nokufunda izinhlelo zezemfundo, izinhlelo zemfundo zabadala, amashadishi, ne-inthanethi ye-website ingakhuthaza futhi ukufunda isayensi yezenhlalakahle yokuphila. Ngaphandle kwalezi zinsikampakathi ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwezisisekelo, ngisho nokubekwa phambili kwezindlela zokuthatha iqhaza ngokungenwa ngenkulumo engcolile.

Ukuhlola Icala: Lapho Izakhamuzi Zazakha Umehluko

Ukuhlanganyela Ekuhlelweni Kwemali EPorto Alegre, eBrazil

Inqubo yokuhlela imali yokwahlukanisa imali, eyaqalwa ngo-1989, ingenye yezindaba zempumelelo ezibhalwe kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwesimiso sePB, izakhamuzi ezifundeni ezingu-16 ziyahlangana minyaka yonke emihlanganweni emikhulu ukuze zinqume ukuthi zingayisebenzisa kanjani imali engamashumi amabili% emali kamasipala. Ukucwaninga kubonisa ukuthi le nqubo yaholela ekwandeni kokusebenzisa amanzi nezindawo zokuchitha indle, izikole, nemithola-mpilo empofu. Inani lezingane ezifayo, nenani lezikole zomphakathi lanyuka kakhulu. I-PB futhi yandisa ukukhokha intela nokuncishiswa kwenkampane yabathengisi futhi yanciphisa umkhuba wesiko wezohwebo lokunikezana izivumelwano zezivumelwano zemali. Nakuba le nqubo iye yabhekana nezinselele emashumini eminyaka, kuhlanganise nezokushintshana kwezombangazwe, iyaqhubeka isewuhlobo olunamandla olukhuthaza izinkulungwane zezinkulungwane zemizi.

Umhlangano Wezakhamuzi Ophathelene Nokukhipha Isisu EIreland

Ngo-2016, uhulumeni wase-Ireland wamisa iSihlangano sezakhamuzi ezingu-99 ngokuzikhethela ukuze ucabangele impikiswano eyinkimbinkimbi nehlukene yokukhipha isisu. Lomhlangano wahlangana ngezimpelasonto ezingaphezu kwezinhlanu, wazwa kochwepheshe bezokwelapha, izazi zomthetho, abameleli, nabesifazane ababehambe kwamanye amazwe ukuze babulawe. Bathatha amaqembu amancane futhi bavota ukutusa okuqondile. Inqubo yabonisa ukuthi umbiko wokugcina wenhlangano watusa ukukhishwa kweSimemezelo Sezinzi esingu-8 nomthetho wokukhipha isisu okhululekile. Ngemva kwalokho, ikomiti yephalamende yasebenzisa umbiko ukuze ithathe umthetho womthetho, futhi ngo-201818181818, yagunyaza ushintsho ngenani elikhulu labantu abambalwa. Inqubo yabonisa ukuthi uqulumo oluphambili lwezelwe kakhulu lwezeluleko lwezezombangazwe futhi luveze ukuveza ukukhokhwa kwamashumi eminyaka okuthelelwa umphakathi.

Ikusasa Lokuhlanganyela Ezakhamuzini

Ukubheka phambili, indima yezakhamuzi ekwenzeni izinqumo cishe izokhula, kodwa ngaphandle kokungezwani. Intuthuko yezesayensi yezobuchwepheshe ("ukuhlakanipha kokwenza, ukuvimbela ukuvota okulondekile, iqiniso lokuvota" nikeza amathuba amasha okuthatha isinyathelo sokuhlola nokukwenza kube lula ngokwengeziwe. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Al ingasiza ekufushaniseni ukufakwa kwezakhamuzi ezintwini eziyizinkulungwane, ezichaza izihloko nezinto eziza kuqala. Nokho, lezi sayensi ziveza izingozi: ubandlululo, ukuhlola, nokulawula. Inselele kuzoba ukuklama izimiso ezibonisa ngokucacile, ezivumelanayo, nezimelana nokuthatha.

Enye inqubo i "igagasi le-diliberative" elibonwa emazweni anjengeCanada, iFrance, neUnited Kingdom, lapho ohulumeni bemisa khona imihlangano yezakhamuzi ezimweni ezinjengokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, inguquko yezezinhlolo-mfashini, nezindaba zomthetho-mthetho. I-French Citizences’s Convention for Climate ngo-201920 yahlanganisa izakhamuzi ezingu 150 ezakhipha iziphakamiso ezingu-14, eziningi zazo ezamukelwa emthethweni noma umthetho. Imihlangano enjalo iyanda ngokusemthethweni futhi ingaba izinhlangano ezimelela izinhlangano esikhundleni sazo. Nokho, zibhekene nemibuzo ngobuhlobo bazo nezindawo ezikhethiwe kanye nokuboshelwa kwazo. Impimba yazo. Impi inqubo yokuhlobana abenzi bezinqunywe nje kuphela izimpawu kodwa ayilona ithonya loqobo.

Okokugcina, inselele yokufakwa engxenyeni isekhona. Imizamo yesikhathi esizayo kumelwe ixazulule ngokuqondile igebe elibhekene nokuthatha isinyathelo ngokuhlulwa kweqembu elincane elihlukene, abantu bomdabu, abantu abakhubazekile, nalabo abampofu. Lokhu akudingi ukususa nje kuphela izithiyo kodwa futhi ukuzama ngamandla, ukunikeza imithombo (umz., isekela ekuhlanganyeleni, ukunakekelwa kwabantwana, ukuhunyushwa), nokuklama izinqubo ezihlanganisa izinqubo zokuxhumana nezimiso zamasiko ezihlukahlukene. Uma ukuhlanganyela kuhlanganisa ngempela, kuqinisa ukufaneleka nokusebenza kwentando yeningi.

Isiphetho

Indima yezakhamuzi ekwenzeni izinqumo zentando yeningi ayiminyene; kodwa isuka ekushintsheni kwezinguquko zezenhlalo, ezobuchwepheshe, nezezombangazwe. Kusukela ekuvoteni nasekulawuleni imingcele yemali nezindawo zezakhamuzi, uchungechunge lwezindlela ezikhona namuhla lunikeza izakhamuzi izindlela zokuhlela izimiso ezithinta ukuphila kwazo. Kodwa ukuthatha iqhaza akuyona i-panquacaca. Kudinga umklamo wokuqapha ukuze kugwenywe ukulawulwa yi-amandla, ukuphatha ukuphikiswa kwamagama okungaqondile, nokulingana nokufakwa kolwazi ngekhono. Ekugcineni, idemokhrasi enempilo ixhomeke esazini sezakhamuzini esizazisiwe, esishukunyiswayo, futhi esinamandla sokwenza umsebenzi owengeziwe. Ngokuzifaka phambili imingcele ezindaweni eziningi, imibuso ehlangene nabantu babo, futhi ikwazi ukubusa.