Kulenkathi echazwa intuthuko esheshayo yezobuchwepheshe, umbango phakathi kokukhuthaza ukusungulwa kwezindawo nokuvikela izakhamuzi ngemithetho awukaze ubonakale kakhulu. Izimiso zokuqondisa zisebenza njengesisekelo sokubusa kwanamuhla, zinikeza imithetho neziqondiso eziqinisekisa ukuphepha, ukungalungi, nokulandisa emaqenjini. Kodwa, uma ziklanywe kabi, zingavimbela intuthuko ehloselwe ukuqondisa. Lesi sihloko sihlola ukuhlukahluka kobuhlobo phakathi komthetho nentuthuko, ukuhlukanisa izakhi zezimiso ezisebenzayo, izinselele eziqhubekayo, izinselele eziqhubekayo, kanye namasu angazisiza abenzi bezimiso ukuba bahlele ukulinganisela okulungile.

Ithonya Lemisebenzi Yokuvuselela Izakhi Zomzimba

Izinqubo zokuqondisa akuzona nje izithiyo zezikhulu; zingamathuluzi abalulekile okulondoloza ukuhleleka nokwethemba izimiso eziyinkimbinkimbi. Zidala indawo eqinisekile lapho amabhizinisi engasebenza khona, abanikazi bezimali bangafaka khona inhloko - dolobha, futhi izakhamuzi zingazizwa zivikelekile. Ngaphandle kwazo, izimakethe zingangena esiyaluyalwini, futhi impilo yomphakathi, isikhathi somuntu siqu, nokuzinza kwezimali kungancishwa.

Ukuvikela Isithakazelo Somphakathi

Phakathi, izimiso ziklanyelwe ukuvikela umphakathi ekulimaleni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa yonke into esukela ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kokudla nokusebenza kwezidakamizwa nokuvikela ukwaziswa komuntu siqu nokukhwabanisa ngokwezimali. Ngokwesibonelo, i-European Union’s General Data Protection Regial [GDPR)[FLD:1] ibeke itshebe lembulunga yonke lokuvikela ulwazi, ifuna izinkampani ukuba zithole imvume ecacile ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ulwazi lwazo siqu. Imithetho enjalo igunyaza abantu ngabanye ngokulawula izinyawo zabo zemishini kuyilapho iphoqelela ukuba bamukele imikhuba eminingi yezokwaziswa enomthwalo wemfanelo. Ngaphandle kwalezi sivikelo, izakhamuzi zingenza inzuzo engenisa inzuzo yezezenzwe.

Ukukhuthaza Umncintiswano Oqotho

Indawo ezungezile ehlelwe kahle ivimbela ukuziphatha okungekhona okusemthethweni futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi akekho umdlali oyedwa ongalawula imakethe ngezindlela ezilwa nokuncintisana. Ngokwesibonelo, imithetho elwa nokuthembeka e-United States ne-European Union iye yasetshenziselwa ukubekela inselele amandla emishini emikhulu yezentengiselwano, ukukhuthaza izinga lokudlala lapho isiqalo nezimboni ezincane zingancintisana khona. Uma abadlali abancane bengazifaka emakethe ngaphandle kokuqedwa yizikhuthu, ukuchuma. Izinhlangano zifaka izikhali ezindaweni ezithuthukisa imikhiqizo, amanani aphansi, futhi ziveze amakhambi amasha amasha asiza wonke umuntu.

Ukuthuthukisa Ukwanda Kwezomnotho

Imithetho futhi isebenza njengengxenye ekubekeni imali. Abangenisi bemali badinga ukuqiniseka: bafuna ukwazi ukuthi imithetho ngeke ishintshe ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi amalungelo abo azakugcinwa. Amazwe anezimiso ezibonisayo, ezilandelanayo, ngokuvamile aheha ukutshala imali kwamanye amazwe kunalawo anezimiso ezifiphele noma ezingalindelekile. Ngokwesibonelo, indawo yeSingapore ecacile nengenazikhungo zezebhizinisi iye yasiza ukuba ibe isikhungo sembulunga yonke sezezimali, ezobuchwepheshe, kanye nezokusebenza. Indlela yedolobha elisebenza ngayo ibonisa ukuthi i-dynamisism eqinile nezomnotho ingaba khona kanye nendawo ekhona.

Izingxenye Eziyinhloko Zomsebenzi Ophumelelayo Wokuqondisa

Akuwona wonke amapulani aqondiswa ngendlela efanayo.

Ukubaneka Nokubona Kahle

Imithetho kumelwe ibhalwe ngolimi olulula futhi ifinyeleleke kalula kubo bonke abafaki-mgodi, izakhamuzi, kanye nabalawuli ngokufanayo. Umthetho uholela ekudidekeni, ukugcinwa kwemithetho eguquguqukayo, nokungadinwa. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Abical Seligial Authority (FCA) eUnited Kingdom ikhipha isiqondiso esiningiliziwe ewebhsayithi yayo, isiza izinkampani ze-fintech ziqonde kahle ukuthi yini edingekayo ukuze zisebenze ngokomthetho. Lokhu kuveza izindleko zenteko, kukhuthaza ukuhoxa ngokunciphisa imingcele yokungena emafemeni amasha.

Ukuvumelana Nezimo Nokuzivumelanisa Nezimo

Ubuchwepheshe bushintsha ngokushesha kunomthetho. Uhlelo oluqinile lungaphelelwa isikhathi ngokushesha, luphoqelele izinkampani ukuba zivumelane nemithetho engasasebenzi. Amapulani asebenzayo akheka ngokuvumelana nezimiso, njengezimiso ezisekelwe ezibekwayo ezibeka izinjongo ezinkulu kunemithetho ebekwe kusengaphambili, kanye nemisho yokushona kwelanga ehlola izimiso ngokuzenzekelayo ngemva kwenkathi emisiwe. Ukuphakama kwe-[FLT] Regtech[[[FLT]]].[8]]]

Ukuhlanganyela Esontweni

Imithetho ayimiswanga kusukela phezulu; kufanele imiswe ngokubambisana nabantu nezimboni ezithintana nabo. Isivumelwano esinenjongo sokuthembisana . "ngokuhlolwa komphakathi, amaqembu asebenzayo, nezinhlelo zokushayela indiza"isiqinisekiso sokuthi imithetho iyasebenza, iyaqiniswa, futhi icabange ngemibono ehlukene. i-gugatebox umqondo, ophayo, owenziwa nge-FCA, yisibonelo salendlela. Ngokuvumela izinhlangano ze-picktech ukuba zihlole imikhiqizo elawulwayo ngabathengi abangokoqobo, iziphathi zithola ukuqonda okubalulekile ngaphambi kokubhala imithetho ehlala njalo. Lezimo ezibambisanayo zinciphisa izingozi zemiphumela engekho mthethweni kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuthemba phakathi kwama-FCARN, iyisibonelo sale.

Ukwenziwa Kwesinqumo Esisekelwe Kubufakazi

I-Pymic kufanele isekelwe ekwazini, hhayi emfundisweni. Abaqondisi kudingeka bancike ekucwaningeni okuqinile, ekuhlaziyweni kwezomnotho, nasekuhlolweni kwezokushayela ukuze baqonde ithonya elingenzeka lemithetho yabo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma i-Secreties and Exchange Commission yase-U.S. icabangela imithetho emisha yempahla yezobuchwepheshe, yahlola kakhulu ngokwezomnotho ukuze kuhlolwe izinzuzo zokuvikelwa kwemali ekwaziniselwa impumelelo yemigoqo. Ubufakazi bunciphisa amathuba okucushwa kwemigomo futhi busiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izinzuzo zomthetho zingaphezu kwezindleko zayo.

Ukulinganisela: I - Innovation v.

Ukuthola isilinganiso sokulingana kwesokudla kungenye yemisebenzi enzima kakhulu kubenzi bemithetho. Ukuzitika kungabangela imithwalo enzima yokuthobela ephambukisa imithombo yemali ekucwaningeni nasekuthuthukiseni, inciphise isikhathi ukuya emachazini, futhi iqhubele phambili ezingeni eliphansi ngemithetho engangeni ngokomthetho. Ukulawula, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungaholela ekubhujisweni kwezentengiselwano, njengenkinga yezezimali ka-2008, eyayiwumphumela wokunganele kokungaqondisi izimpahla ezikhishwe kanye nokubolelisa isikweleti. Kungabangela futhi ukulimala kubathengi, njengoba kuboniswa ekwandisweni kwezinto zomgunyathi eziyingozi ezidayisa emakethekwizithekini e-inthaneti.

Izingozi Zokweqisa

Umlando unikeza izinganekwane eziqapheyo. Ezinsukwini zokuqala zezentengiselwano, i-Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) yabeka imingcele eqinile eyavimbela ukukhula kwemboni. Kwakungemva kokuba inkampani ikhiqize isakhiwo esithambile kakhulu − iNgxenyana 107 ishaya imithetho zokwenza ukuba imboni ye drone iqhume, inikeze izinkonzo eziningi kusukela ekuhlolweni kwe-meya kuya ekuhlolweni kwezolimo. Ngokufanayo, izimfuneko ezinkulu zokuhamba ngemishini yokuhamba ezimbonini zamazwe athile ekuqaleni zazivimbela izinhlangano ezinjenge-Uber noLyft ekungeneni emakethengisweni, ukuntsa izinzuzo zokuthenga njengamanani aphansi nangokwentengo. Ukuzinga okuzinga okuzimela ngokuvamile kuvikela ekukhishweni kwemali emali nasekwenziweni kwemali.

Izingozi Zokungavunyelwa Kwemithetho

Uhlangothi olufiphele luyingozi ngokufanayo. Ukuwa kwe-FTX, ukuthena amandla, kwadalula imiphumela yokuyekelela. Ngaphandle kwemithetho ecacile yokuthola izimali zabathengi, ukuphatha izingozi, nokudalula, ipulatifomu yakwazi ukusebenzisa kabi izinkulungwane zezigidi zamaRandi abathengi, okuholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwabani bezimali. Okukhulu kakhulu, ukunyuka kwamapulatifomu ezokuxhumana ngaphandle kokulinganisela okufanelekile kuye kwabhebhebhethekisa ukudukiswa, ukungenela kokhetho, nezinkinga zempilo phakathi kwabantu abasha. Kulezi zenzakalo, ukuntula umthetho ofike ngesikhathi kwavumela ukulimala ngaphambi kokuba abangenisi bemithetho bafinyelele.

Izinyathelo Zokuthatha Isinyathelo Esilinganiselayo

Ukuze basebenzise le mishini, abaqondisi nabasunguli bangasebenzisa izindlela eziningana ezifakazelwe:

  • Izindawo ezilawulayo zesandbokes: Lezindawo ezilawulwayo zivumela izinkampani ukuba zihlole imikhiqizo efinqiwe nezinkonzo ngemishini yangempela ngenkathi zingaphansi kweso le-wirmer. I-FCA’s sandbox, esungulwe ngo-2016, iye yalingiswa ngezindawo ezilawula umhlaba wonke, kusukela eSingapore kuya e-United Arabhu Emirates. Ama-sandbox anciphisa ingozi yokuqalisa i-digate-ekholia ukuze athole isiqalo lapho enza ukuba abaqondisi baqonde ubuchwepheshe obuvelayo.
  • I-Preicodic Review kanye ne-Sunset Claus: Imithetho kufanele ihlanganise izinqubo zokubukeza njalo. Ngokwesibonelo, Umthetho wobuProphenti woMthetho eUnited States ufuna izinhlangano zikahulumeni ukuba zihlole izimiso ezikhona zemiphumela emabhizinisini amancane futhi zithuthukise uma kungenzeka. I- Sun ngokuzenzekelayo i-transmes mentation production es production procementmentmentmentmentment processs processolution, iphoxampla ukuvuselisa kabusha.
  • Ukwenza i-Uctal Treasureal Treaty: Kunokuba bathathe indawo emile, abaqondisi bangamema abavuli-hele ethekwini phakathi nenqubo yokulungisa. I-UK’s Office yezezezeMpilo nezindinganiso[, ngokwesibonelo, isebenza eduze nezinkampani ezakha imishini yezokwelapha enamandla akhiqizwayo ukuze kukhishwe iziqondiso ezivikela iziguli ngaphandle kokuvimbela intuthuko.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo Zemisebenzi Yokulungisa Izimiso Ephumelelayo

Ukuhlola izibonelo zezwe langempela kunikeza ukuqonda okungathatha isinyathelo kwezinye izikhulu ezifuna ukucwengisisa izindlela zazo.

Ukuvuselelwa Kwezentengiselwano E - United Kingdom

I-UK iye yavela njengomholi wembulunga yonke wemithetho yezezimali, ngenxa yendlela ka-FCA esebenzayo nevumelanayo. I-FCA’s reliage sandbox, kanye ne-"Project Innovate" ukuthatha isinyathelo, iye yasiza amakhulu enkathi yokuqalisa yonke into evela kuntanga-yokuyikhokha ngokuyikhokha. Indlela ka-UK ibonisa ukuthi umlawuli wasungula umbuso ohlukile we- "openbacke", odinga amabhange ukuba ahlanganyele imininingwane yekhasimende ne-partryssss (ngemvume yekhasimende), abangela igasi lokusungula izinto ezisekwenziswayo eziqondiswe ontanga kubaphathi bezezimali. Indlela yokusebenza ye-UK ibonisa ukuthi kokubili kungaba umlondolo wesivikelo nomphikisi wokuncintisana.

Ukuvikelwa Kwemininingwane Yomhlaba EYurophu

I-GDPR, ephumelela kusukela ngo-2018, iwumthetho wesivikelo sokwaziswa onethonya kakhulu emhlabeni. Iye yaphoqelela izinkampani emhlabeni wonke ukuba ziphinde zicabange ngendlela eziqoqa ngayo, zigcine, futhi zihlele imniningo yazo. Nakuba abagxeki bethi iGDPR ingabeka izindleko ezinkulu zokuvuma (ikakhulukazi eziqalwayo) ezingeni elincane kakhulu, akunakuphikwa. Umthetho uye wanika abantu amalungelo afana nokukwazi ukugcinwa kwemininingwane kanye nelungelo lokukhohlakala, futhi uye wakhuthaza ingxoxo yembulunga yonke ephathelene nezindaba zomuntu siqu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-GDPR ihlanganisa amalungiselelo okusungula izinto, njengabokuqala ukucwaninga no"unit-slet-projective" inqubo evumela izinkampani ukuba zisebenzela umuntu oyedwa esikhundleni sokulungisa izingcingo ze- 27.

Ukuxhumana Kwezindiza ESingapore

I-Infomm Media Development Authority ye-Singapore i-Infomm Media Media Authority [IMDA] idale indawo elawulayo eguqule idolobhakazi lenze indawo yokuhlola ukuhlangana kwesizukulwane esilandelayo. Ngokusebenzisa i-Information-netic commontry i-metal comment i-messagentry kanye nokukhuthaza umncintiswano phakathi kwabathwali, i-Singapore inesinye senani eliphakeme kakhulu elibanzi elingenayo nejubane elikhulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Indlela yokubheka phambili ihlanganisa ukuthatha i-5Grandss nokusekela izimpahla ze-IoT, konke lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi abathengi bathenga amalungelo enkonzo nezindinganiso zezimiso zezokulungisa inqubo evikelwe kakhulu kunendlela yokulawula i-injini. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi isimiso somshayeli singenze impumelelo engcono kakhulu kunendlela yobuchwepheshe.

Izinselele Ekuthuthukiseni Imisebenzi Yanamuhla Yokuqondisa

Ngisho nezici ezihlelwe kahle kakhulu ezibhekene nezithiyo ezweni lanamuhla elisheshayo, elihlangene.

Ukushintsha Kwezobuchwepheshe Okusheshayo

Imijikelezo yomthetho ilinganiswa ngeminyaka, kodwa ushintsho lwezinyanga. Ngesikhathi umthetho ufakwa, uhlolwe futhi usungulwe, kungenzeka ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obebuyikho kakade buye bashintsha noma buthathelwa indawo. Ngokwesibonelo, imizamo yokulawula i-crypocurrencres ilandela ukuphakama kwezezimali (Defi) kanye nezimpawu ezingakholeki (NFT). Ukuzigcina, ezinye iziphathi ziphendukela ku "umthetho owenziwe nge-aze"", ngokuyisebenzisa ukungena kwe-aceropide, njengokulungisa njalo amabhukwana ezincwadi eziqondisayo, kunokuba ulinde umthetho omusha.

Ukuhwebelana Kwembulunga Yonke Nokuhlukaniswa Kwezimiso

Namuhla amabhizinisi asebenza ngaphesheya kwemingcele, kodwa imithetho ihlala inemingcele kakhulu. Lokhu kudala izinselele zokulalela izinkampani okumelwe zisebenzise imithetho engqubuzanayo ezizweni ezihlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, inkampani esingatha ukwaziswa okuvela kokubili kwabasebenzisi baseYurophu naseChina kungase kulwele ukuvumelana ne GDPR ne-China’s Personal Information Protection Law kanye kanye. Ukubambisana kwezizwe zonke, njengokusebenza EECD ngentela yobuchwepheshe nemininingwane ye-data ebusayo[, kubalulekile ukuhlanganisa izindinganiso nokunciphisa ukukhuhlanekezelwa.

Ukuvinjelwa Kwemithombo Yezinto

Izindikimba eziningi ezilawulayo azinazimiso futhi azinazo izisebenzi eziningi, ikakhulukazi ezomnotho ezisandayo. Ngaphandle kolwazi olwanele emikhakheni enjengezihlakani zokuzenzela, i-inthanethi, kanye nezakhi zofuzo, abalawuli bangase baphunyuke izingozi ezibalulekile noma bathembele ezindleleni zokulawula ezingavumelani nezindawo zendawo. Isakhiwo se-Caparic, ngokuvamile ngezinhlangano zomhlaba wonke, sibaluleke kakhulu ukuze kuvezwe abaphathi ukuba bafeze izimfuneko zabo ngokuphumelelayo.

Iziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo: Ukuzivumelanisa Nokushintsha Nokukhalipha

Njengoba sibheka phambili, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwamathuluzi okuqondisa kuyodinga ukwamukela amathuluzi amasha namafilosofi.

Ubuchwepheshe Obulungisayo Buye Bushintsha

I-Regtech ingahlola ukulawulwa kwemishini esetshenziswa yimishini, inciphise umthwalo kuwo womabili amabhizinisi nabaphathi. Ngokwesibonelo, amanani omshini angahlaziya ukwaziswa okuthengisekayo ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze kutholwe imiklamo yokuhlola imali, yenza ukuba kubikwe ngokushesha nangokunembe ngokwengeziwe. Ngokufanayo, "umbiko olawulayo njengenkonzo" amapulatifomu avumela izinkampani ukuba zithumele ukwaziswa ngamafomethi avamile angazenzakalela ngokuzenzekelayo. Ama-Sucity Ne-Arkers Aguides (EMA) kakade ahlola amathuluzi anjalo. Ikusasa lingasethuthe futhi "igestruction", lapho imithetho ingahlelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo i-data ephilayo (ngemingcele engokomthetho).

Ukubambisana Nezingxabano Emhlabeni Wonke

Akukho zwe elilodwa elingalawula izinselele zembulunga yonke njengokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, i-inthaneti, noma i-operacy zobuchwepheshe kuphela. Ama-Fums anjenge- Internationalral Organization of Securities Commissions (IFLT:1] ne[FLT]]Conquential Committee on Bank Superfect ] isebenzise isikhathi eside ukuhlangana okungalawulekiyo. Emehlweni edayweni yemininingwane, amakhemide anjenge [[FLT] Cross Comment-Bordern Apply Rules [[FLT]]] [FLT]]] inikeza umboniso wokuqaphelana. Ukuthambekela kokuhlanganisa nokweqamba oluqinile. Ukuthambekela kunakho ukuzama ukuhlanganisa nokwenye umbuso wembulunga wonke.

Ukulondolozwa Nokuvuselelwa Kwe - ESG

Indawo ezungezile, izenhlalo, kanye nokuqondisa (EG) kucatshangelwa kakhulu ukuba kube yizimiso zokuqondisa. Ngokwesibonelo, i-U Estatificated Displation Regional Regation (SFDR) idinga izinhlangano ezingokwezimali ukuveza ukuthi ithonya lemali yazo liyolondolozwa kanjani izinhlelo zokutshala imali. Imithetho enjalo isunduza ukusungula ubuchwepheshe obuluhlaza kuyilapho igcina izinkampani zinomthwalo wokulandisa ngemithetho yazo ezungezile. Inselele ukuthi i-ESGG iqinisekwa isilinganiso, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-extime, ukuqinisekisa, ukuqinisekisa, futhi ayisetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokulungisa uhlaza.

Ekuphetheni, izinqubo zokuqondisa akusona isithiyo sentuthuko kodwa isisekelo esidingekile sokuthuthukisa okuqhubekayo okuzuzisa umphakathi wonke. Ngokubeka kuqala ukucaca, ukuvumelana nezimo, ubufakazi, nokufakwa kokwaziswa, abenzi bezimiso bangakha indawo lapho abathengisi bephumelela khona ngaphandle kokuhlehla ekulondekeni komphakathi. Ikusasa lomthetho liyobonakala ngamathuluzi angcono kakhulu, ukubambisana okujulile kwezizwe zonke, nokugxila kakhulu ekulondolozeni isisekelo. Ngokulandela lezizimiso kuphela singaqinisekisa ukuthi ukusungula kufeza okuhle kunokukululaza.