Ukuvota kufana nenye yezinqubo ezibaluleke kakhulu zezakhamuzi ezingakwazi ukufinyelela indawo yokuhlola ngoSuku Lokhetho. Amakhenika alo, nakuba ngokuvamile engaqondwa kahle, aklanyelwe ukulinganisela ukukhululeka nokulondeka. Ukuqonda indlela ukuvota okungekhoyo okusebenza ngayo, ukushintshashintsha kwezindawo, futhi inqubo engcono kakhulu kubafundisi nabafundi ibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni inqubo ebanzi yentando yeningi. Lesi sihloko sinikeza umbono ocacile, owenziwe ngaphandle, izinselele, nendima yaso ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izakhamuzi zonke ezifanelekayo zingakwazi kanjani ukuzwa.

Kuyini Ukungahambisani Nemisebenzi?

Uvota kwabembulwa uvumela umvoti obhalisiwe ukuba athumele ivoti ngaphandle kokuba abe khona ngokoqobo endaweni yokuvota esabelwe kuyo ngoSuku Lokhetho. Ekuqaleni edalelwe amasosha akhonza kude nekhaya phakathi neMpi Yombango, lomkhuba uye wanda ngokuphawulekayo. Namuhla, ukuvota okungekhoyo kusetshenziswa izigidi zamaMelika ngezizathu zokusuka ekuguleni nasekukhubazekeni kwezebhizinisi, ukutadisha kwelinye izwe, noma nje ukukhetha ukuvota ekhaya. Inkulumo ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ngokumelene no "kuvota komthumeli," nakuba ukuvota kweposi kungabhekisela kubo bonke abavoti abathunyelwa ngeposi, nakuba ukuvota okungekho kokuvota kudinga izaba izaba izaba izaba izaba.

Izinhlobo Zemishini Ethunyelwayo

Amazwe alandela esinye sezibonelo eziningana:

  • Izaba-ofuthiwe i-Bobree Voting: Amavoter kumelwe anikeze isizathu esiqondile, esiqashelwe ngokomthetho (umz., ukuba ngaphandle kwedolobha, ukukhubazeka) ukuze athole i-collet engekho. Izifunda ezimbalwa zidinga izaba.
  • Akukho-kuthethelela ukuvota : Noma ubani obhalisiwe angacela ibhola lomphathi ongekho ngaphandle kokufuna ukunikeza isizathu. Izifunda ezingaphezu kuka-30 ne-Fourgal of Columbia manje ayinikeli ukuvota okungekho.
  • Uvonithi olungenamdlalo-mathumbu (i-Vote--posi): Wonke umvoti obhaliwe uthunyelwa ngokuzenzakalela. Izwe elinjenge-Colorado, i-Oregon, iWashington, ne Utah liye lamukela lesi simiso, ngokuphumelelayo esikhundleni sesiko kuvoti yesifunda ye-person.
  • I-AbMantee Voting: Amavoter angasayina ngokuzenzakalela athole amabhola angekho kukhetho olulandelayo ngaphandle kokugadla. Lokhu kuyatholakala ezifundeni ezinjengeCalifornia ne-Arizona.

Ukubaluleka Kokuthunyelelwa

Ukuvota okugunyaziwe kungaphezu nje kokuba usizo; kuyinsika yokutholakala ngokusemthethweni.

Intuthuko Ekhuphukile

Ukucwaninga okuqhubekayo kubonisa ukuthi ukwandisa ukuposita nokuvota kwanda, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwamaqembu avota ngokomlando ngokwezinga eliphansi. Ngokwenhlolo-ndlela ye- MIT COUTT media ne-Science Lab, kusho ukuthi ukuvota iposi kwamukelwa emhlabeni wonke kwanyuswa cishe ngamaphesenti amane kuya kwalinganiselwa kwamahlanu uma kuqhathaniswa namazwe angawavotanga. Umphumela uvezwa ngisho nakakhulu ngokhetho oluphansi njengezicathulo zezindaba nezinhlanga zendawo.

Ukutholakala Kwamaqembu Aswele

Ukuvota okungavunyelwayo kususa izithiyo zokwakha ezingadiliza imiphakathi ethile:

  • Abantu abakhubazekile bakuthola kulula ukuvota ekhaya, begwema izindawo zokuhlola ezingafinyeleleki noma imigqa emide engabangela ukucindezeleka okungokomzimba.
  • Abantu abadala, okungenzeka ukuthi bayakwazi ukunyakaza noma bakhathazwa impilo, bayazuza ngokuhamba kancane futhi balinde izikhathi ezithile.
  • Abavoti bangaphezulu kwezilwandle, kuhlanganise namalungu enkonzo yezempi kanye namasheya, bangahlanganyela kukhetho lwe-U.S. ngohlelo lwe-Federal Voting Application program. Ngo-2022, FVAP[ wabika ukuthi ukuvota okungekho kuseyindlela eyinhloko yalezizakhamuzi ukuba ziphonse ibhola.
  • Abavoti basemaphandleni abahlala kude nendawo yabo yokuvota ngokuvamile babhekana nemithwalo ephawulekayo yokuhamba; ukuvota okungekho kususa lesosithiyo.

Ukuvumelana Nezimo Nokuvumelana Nezinto

Abavoti bangaqeda amavolontiya ngejubane labo, abacwaningi kanye namazindaba lapho bewagcwalisa, futhi bawabuyise ngeposi noma ngebhokisi lehla. Lokhu kushintshashintsha kunciphisa ithuba lezikhathi zokusebenza, izibopho zomkhaya, noma izenzakalo zezulu elivimbela othile ekuvotelweni. Isici esiwusizo sibaluleke kakhulu kuzisebenzi ezisebenza ngeshifu, abazali abangabodwa, nabafundi abadlala amakilasi nemisebenzi.

Imishini: Indlela Ukusebenza Ngokungagunyazi

Ukuqonda isigaba ngasinye kusiza abavoti ukuba bagweme amaphutha avamile angaholela ekulahleni ivoti, nakuba izinqubo ezithile nezikhathi ezimisiwe zihlukahluka ngokombuso.

Isinyathelo 1: Ukufaka Ibhola Elingenayo Inkinga

Amavoter kumele athumele isicelo ehhovisi lawo lokhetho lendawo. Izifundazwe eziningi zivumela izicelo ku-inthanethi, ngeposi, nge-fax, noma ngokomuntu. Ukwaziswa okuyisihluthulelo okudingeka kuhlanganisa igama lomvoti, ikheli, usuku lokuzalwa, nosayinwe. Ezizweni ezicela isiqinisekiso sokuzithethelela, isizathu sokungabekho kumele kushiwo.

Isaziso esibalulekile: Ezinye izifundazwe zinezinsuku eziqinile ezimisiwe zokwamukela izisebenziso − kaningi izinsuku eziyisikhombisa kuya kwezingu-14 ngaphambi koSuku Lokhetho. Izinhlelo zamuva zingase zingakhiqizwa ngesikhathi, ziphumele kumvoti okumelwe avote kumuntu uma kusafaneleka.

Isinyathelo Sesibili: Ukuthola Ibhola

Uma isisebenziso sesivunyiwe, izikhulu zokhetho zithumela ibhola lokhetho ekhelini lamahele (noma, kwezinye izifundazwe, ikheli elihlukile elimisiwe). Amabhola ngokuvamile athunyelwa emasontweni amane kuya kwayisithupha ngaphambi kokhetho. Kwezinye izifunda, abavoti bangalayisha futhi banyathelise ibhola elibhalisayo elisesitejini solayini, nakuba kuyinto engavamile. Iphakethe lomculo lihlanganisa iziyalezo, imvilophu yokufihla, imvulophu yokubuya (kathi inekheli lokubuya ne-barcodey enyatheliswe ngaphambili), futhi ngezinye izikhathi i-votatortor noma ipelogosa.

Isinyathelo 3: Ukuqeda Ibhola

Abavolontiya kufanele balandele lemikhuba engcono kakhulu:

  • Funda ngokucophelela zonke iziyalezo() zonke izifundazwe zinemithetho ehlukile mayelana nokuphawula ukukhetha (isib., ukugcwalisa amabhokisi okuhlola).
  • Sebenzisa u - inki omnyama noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka njengoba kushiwo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ibhola elinoqwembe lingafakwa ama - scanner.
  • [ Ungakhiphi amaphawu alahlekayo, abhale amanothi, noma amaphawu ashintshayo ngemva kokuba enziwe, ngoba lokhu kungabangela ukwenqaba.
  • Faka ifomu eliqediwe emvilophini yokufihla (uma linikeziwe), bese ufaka imvilophu yokubuya.

Isinyathelo 4: Ukubuya Kwebhola

Amabhola angabuyiswa ngeposi noma, ezifundazweni eziningi, afakwe emabhokisini angokomthetho okufaka noma ehhovisi lokhetho. Imvilophu yokubuya kumele ibhalwe noma ibekwe ngenkathi emisiwe (ngokuvamile i-Ecostation Day), kodwa inani elandayo lezifunda lidinga irisithi ngoSuku Lokhetho. Ezindaweni ezimukela amafakthe, ama-posi athunyelwe ngesikhathi kodwa ukufika ngosuku noma ezimbili kamuva kusabalwa. Ama Voter kumele ahlole ngokucophelela imithetho kazwelo ukuze agweme izimangaliso zokugcina.

Amahhovisi amaningi okhetho anikeza ukuvota imikhondo ukuze abavoti baqinisekise ukuthi ifomu labo longavoti lamukelwa futhi lamukelwa. Uma i-cobster yenqatshelwa isignesha esingahambelani noma esingekho, abavoti ngokuvamile banenkathi "yokuhlola" yokulungisa umagazini(ithuba lokuqinisekisa ukuthi bangobani futhi baqinisekisa ukuba bangabavoti babo.

Imithetho Ehlukahlukene Kahulumeni Nezinguquko

Imithetho yokuvota ye-bobree ihluka kakhulu kulo lonke elase-United States, idala umsebenzi oyisiqeshana okumelwe abavoti basebenzise. Ingqungquthela yesizwe yeSizwe ye-Legislatures (NCSL)[[FL:1] ilondoloza i-memota eshandelwe kabusha yayo yonke imithetho kahulumeni. Ngezansi ezinye zezici eziguquguqukayo kakhulu:

Izimfuneko Zokuthethelela

Kusukela ngo-2024, izifunda 16 zidinga izaba zokuvota ukungabikho. Ezinye azivumeli ukuphuma noma zivumele ukuvota iposi yonke indawo. Izibonelo:

  • TEXS: Izaba zidingeka (isib., iminyaka engu-65+, ukukhubazeka, ngaphandle kwesifundazwe).
  • Florida: Akukho zaba ezidingekayo `noma imuphi umvoti obhaliwe ongacela i-posi.
  • [ Isikhonkwane: ukuvota kweposi yonke (noma yimuphi umvoti osebenzayo uthola ivoti ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Ukusetshenziswa Nokubuya Kwemigqa Efile

Izinombolo ezifile ziyahlukahluka kakhulu. Kwezinye izifundazwe, isikhathi sokusebenza sigcwele emasontweni amabili ngaphambi kokhetho; kwezinye, sekwephuzile njengosuku olungaphambili. Izinsuku zokubuya ziyahluka futhi: ezinye izifundazwe zidinga izibhalothizo zokwamukelwa ngo 7 p.m. ngoSuku lokhetho, kuyilapho ezinye zithatha izibhayisekili eziphawulwe ngoSuku Lokhetho futhi zamukelwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva (umz., isifundazwe saseWashington sivumela ukuba zithathwe izinsuku ezingu-20 ngemva kokhetho uma kuphawulwe ngoSuku Lokhetho lwe-Ecomption).

Ukuqinisekisa Nokululaza

Zonke izifundazwe ziqinisekisa isignesha emvilophini yebhola ngokumelene nesignesha yomvoti kuhele (kusukela ekusebenziseni kwazo kokubhalisa). Uma isignesha ingafani noma ingekho, umvoti utshelwa futhi unikwe ithuba "lokugeza" umsizi ngokunikeza isignesha esisha noma i-affidavit. Ubude benkathi yokuphulukiswa busukela ezinsukwini zeqanda (akukho kwelapha okuvunyelwe) ukuya ezinsukwini eziyishumi ngemva kokhetho. U Voters kumele aqinisekise ukuthi isignesha yabo kuhele sikhona futhi asiguquguquki.

IBallot Ilahla Ibhokisi Elingasetshenziswa

Izifundazwe eziningi zinikeza amabhokisi eposi alondekile njengendlela yokufaka iposi. Uma ufaka amabhokisi anikeza ukukhetha okungakhokhwa okungakhokhwa okuvimbela izindleko zeposi kanye nokubambeka kweposi. Nokho, inani nezindawo zamabhokisi eposi kuyahluka; amanye amazwe azilinganisela ngokomthetho, kuyilapho amanye eye andisa. Amavoter kufanele ahlole ihhovisi lawo lokukhetha lendawo lapho elahla izindawo zokuthumela nezinsuku ezimisiwe (amabhokisi angaphansi ngokuvamile akhishwe nge kusihlwa kwe-Ecostation Day).

Izinselele Nezixazululo Ekuthubeni

Ukuqaphela lezi zindaba kubalulekile kubafundisi, izikhulu zokhetho, nabavoti okumelwe bakhulume nabo.

Ukulibala Ukuthumela Nezimfuneko Zeposi

Phakathi nokhetho oluvamile lwama-2020, izigidi zamavoti zacelwa, futhi i-Postal Service yase-U.S. i-Postal yabhekana nomsindo ongakaze ubonwe. Ukulibala ekuthunyelweni, ikakhulukazi kwezinye izindawo, kwabangela ukuba amabhola afike sekwephuze kakhulu ukuba abalwe. Ukudambisa lokhu, abavoti kufanele bathumele amavoti abo okungenani isonto elilodwa ngaphambi koSuku Lokhetho noma basebenzise ibhokisi lokulahla. Amazwe amukela amaposi anikeza isikhawu esibucayi, kodwa abavoti abakwazi ukuthatha ukuthi iposi yebhola elibhalwe ngosuku oludlule lizofika ngesikhathi.

Izinga lokulahlwa kwebhola

Ibhola lokwenqatshwa kwebhola lihlala liyinkinga enkulu. Ngokwe- Brennan Center for Justice, cishe amaphesenti angu-1.7% amabhola eposi alahliwe okhethweni oluvamile lwa 2020, nezizathu ezivame kakhulu zokusayinwa okungahambelani, ukungasayinwa, nokufinyela. Ngo-2022, amazinga okulahlwa ayephansi ezizweni ezandisiwe. Imikhuba engcono kakhulu yabavoti ihlanganisa nokusayina ngokucophelela, ngokusebenzisa isigqephu esingaguquki, nokulandela ukuqinisekisa ukwamukelwa.

Ukudideka Nokuntula Ulwazi

Imithetho eyinkimbinkimbi neshintshayo ingadida ngisho nabavoti abakhuthele. Abafundi, abavoti-sikhathi sokuqala, nalabo abasanda kuthutha basengozini kakhulu. Abafundisi bangakhuluma ngalokhu ngokunikeza isiqondiso esicacile, esicaciswe ngokombuso. Izinyathelo ezilula njengokuhlola amawebhusayithi okhetho olusemthethweni, ukusebenzisa amathuluzi afana .gov's angekho evota ikhasi, futhi bahlele izikhumbuzo zekhalenda zezikhathi ezimisiwe zinganciphisa kakhulu amaphutha.

Ukukhathalela Ukulondeka Nokungaqondi

Izinkinga zokukhwabanisa ngeposi ezingenisweni ziye zanqanyulwa kabanzi yizifundo nakukhokhelwa okungokomthetho. Ukukhwabanisa ngezincwadi nganoma yiluphi uhlobo kuyinto engavamile kakhulu, futhi ukukhwabanisa okungekho kuyenzeka ngisho nangokweqa ngenxa yokuqinisekisa, izinqubo zeketanga, kanye nemikhondo yokuhlola. Nokho, ukukhohliswa kuyaqhubeka. Othisha bangasiza ngokunikeza imithombo engokoqobo nangokuchaza izinyathelo zokuphepha ezakhelwe kule nqubo, njengokuthumela imikhondo yemikhondo yemikhondo, izici zemvilo-mvilophi, ukuvikelwa kwemikhondo, kanye nokuhlola i-past programo audies window.

Imikhuba Emihle Kakhulu Yothisha NabaFundi

Othisha banendima ebalulekile ekukhipheni ukuvota okungekho nokukhuthaza ukuba bahlanganyele ngolwazi.

Ukudlulisela Imfundo Engenile Ebuculweni

Izifundo zokungafundi ezinikezwa abavoti abangekho emaqenjini omphakathi, uhulumeni, noma umlando. Sebenzisa izibonelo ezingokoqobo ukuze ubonise indlela amazwe ahlukene asingatha ngayo amavoloti angekho. Yabela abafundi ukuba bahlole inqubo kahulumeni wabo futhi bayiqhathanise nabanye. Lokhu akufundisi nje kuphela okwanele kodwa futhi kwakha amakhono asebenzayo ekubopheni umphakathi.

Nikeza Izandla Emithonjeni

Yakha ikhasi lezincwadi elinamakhompathi ezindawo zokuvota ezisemthethweni, ama-state esicelo esingekho se-offaiter, kanye namakhalenda esikhathi esimisiwe. Cabangela ukusakaza izicelo zeposi ezingekho ukuze abafundi babone ukuthi yini edingekayo. Khuthaza abafundi ukuba bahlole ukubhalisa kwabo kanye nokusayina kwabo emfashinini ngaphambi kokhetho.

Hlela Izikhungo Zomsebenzi Nemibuthano

Amashabhu abaphathi ahamba abafundi enqubeni yokuvota engekho. Memela izikhulu zendawo ukuba zikhulume ngendlela ama-collet ahlelwa ngayo futhi aqinisekiswe ngayo. Ikheli lezinganekwane nezimpendulo zemibuzo. Uma kungenzeka, misa i-asspecter yokuvota esiza abafundi ukuba bafake isicelo sokuvota abangekho emakolishi uma bengeke bakhona.

Sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe kuma-rockbackot

Izifundazwe eziningi zinikeza izinkonzo zokulandelela amavoti okuthumela izixwayiso zombhalo noma ze-imeyili lapho ivoti ithunyelwa, imukelwa, futhi yamukelwa. Abafundi bafundisa ukuthi bangasayina kanjani lezi zixwayiso. Lesinyathelo esilula sinciphisa ukukhathazeka futhi sinikeza abavoti ukuthula kwengqondo abakubalile.

Ikusasa Lokuthunjwa

Izimo eziningana zithonya ikusasa layo:

Ukwanda Kokungabikho Kwezaba Nokuhalaliselwa Kweposi Lasemhlabeni Wonke

Ukuthambekela okuthatha isikhathi eside kusekufinyeleleni kakhulu. Kusukela ngo-2000, inani lezifunda ezikhipha ukuvota okungekhoyo liye laphindeka ngokuphindwe kathathu. Abanye bathi ukuzama ukuvota iposi yonke indawo phakathi nobhadane lwenze ukuba ihlale phakade. Amaqembu ezingane ayaqhubeka elwela imithetho eyenza lula le nqubo, njengezicelo ze-inthanethi yezicelo ze-odocks kanye nokuthunyelwa okuzenzekelayo kwabo bonke abavoti ababhalisiwe.

Impikiswano Nemingcele Engokomthetho

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezinye izifundazwe ziye zamisa izimfuneko eziqinile zokuzichaza, amafasitela okufaka izicelo amafushane, nemingcele ebekwe phezu kwamabhokisi. Lezinguquko zivame ukuveza izimpikiswano ezihlukanisayo ngokhuseleko lokhetho kanye nokungena. Ukuqonda indawo engokomthetho kubaluleke kakhulu; othisha kufanele bahlale benolwazi ngemithetho yamanje esifundazweni sabo futhi bafundise abafundi ukuba baqaphele izinguquko ezingase zithinte ikhono labo lokuvota abangekho.

Izinqubo Zobuchwepheshe

Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe iqalwa kancane kancane. Ezinye izifundazwe manje zinikeza amathuluzi okubhala amabhodi e-inthanethi avumela abavoti ukuba baphawule ama-collet abo nge-electal bese bewanyathelisa ukuze bathumele noma bayeke. Abanye bahlola ukubuya kwe-electronic collet ukuze bavote abavoti bamasosha namazwe aphesheya, nakuba ukukhathazeka kwezokuphepha kusalokhu kuyisithiyo. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bukhula, inqubo yokuvota engekhoyo cishe izoqhubeka ilandelana kakhulu, kodwa izivikelo eziyinhloko ezinjengokusayinwa kwe-spectal nevoluts ziyokuhlala zibalulekile.

Isiphetho

Ukuvota kwemvume kuyisici esiyisisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izakhamuzi ezifanelekayo zikhonza phesheya kwezwe, zikhubazekile, noma zimane zikhethe ukuvota ekhaya . /accompants, uma zibuya, ziklanyelwe ukulondeka nokufinyela, kodwa zidinga ukunakekela okucophelelayo kubavoti. Ngokuqonda imithetho kahulumeni eqondile, zigwema izihibe ezivamile, futhi zihlale zinolwazi ngezenzo ezingcono kakhulu, izakhamuzi zingaphonsa abavoti bazo abangekho bezovota ngokuqiniseka. Abafundisi abafaka lolu lwazi ekufundiseni kwabo basiza ukuba baqaphele futhi bakhethe, baqinise idemodeyubo bonke.