Ohulumeni emhlabeni wonke banomthwalo wemfanelo oyisisekelo wokunquma ukuthi ubani ongaba izakhamuzi zezizwe zabo. Lo msebenzi obucayi uthinta ubuzwe, ithonya lokuzalana kwabantu, futhi umise uhlelo olungokomthetho oluchaza ubulungu emphakathini wezombangazwe. Inqubo yokunikeza ubuzwe ihilela izimiso eziyinkimbinkimbi zomthetho, izinqubo zokuqondisa, nezinqumo ezihlobana isithakazelo sombuso nokunakekela inhlalakahle nezibopho zezizwe zonke.

Ukuqonda indlela ohulumeni abanikeza ngayo izakhamuzi ukuqonda ngendlela izizwe eziphatha ngayo umphakathi wazo, zivikele ngayo imingcele yazo futhi zilondoloze isibopho sobungane.

Isisekelo Somthetho - sisekelo Nesomthetho Sokuba Izakhamuzi

Izizwe zonke zimisa uhlelo lwazo lobuzwe ngamalungiselelo omthetho-sisekelo nangomthetho wemithetho. Lezizisekelo ezingokomthetho zichaza izimiso eziyisisekelo ezibusayo ezingaba isakhamuzi futhi ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo. Ukuba zakhamuzi e-United States kuyindaba yomthetho kahulumeni, obuswa uMthetho-sisekelo wase-United States, kuyilapho amanye amazwe engase asakaze igunya lezakhamuzi ngokwehlukile ngalé kwezinga lohulumeni.

Isimiso somthetho sesizwe sihlanganisa izindawo eziningana eziyisihluthulelo: ukuthola i-itrounce lapho uzalwa, inqubo yokuzisebenzela kwabantu abazalwa kwamanye amazwe, amalungelo nezibopho zezakhamuzi, nezimo lapho izakhamuzi zingalahleka noma zishaywe khona. Le mithetho ibonisa umlando oyingqayizivele wesizwe ngasinye, izindinganiso, kanye nezinto eziza kuqala.

Izimfuneko Zokwethula Imithetho Nezindinganiso Zokungagwegwesi

Kusukela ngo-2026, izimfuneko eziyisisekelo zezakhamuzi zihlala ziqinile: iminyaka engu-18+, izakhamuzi ezingokomthetho ezihlala njalo iminyaka emithathu-5, ukuhlala okuqhubekayo, ukuba khona ngokomzimba, ukuziphatha okuhle kwesiNgisi, impumelelo, kanye nomphakathi. Lezi zimfuneko zimelela ukuzimisela kukahulumeni ukuthi umuntu kumelwe ahlangabezane naziphi izimfanelo ukuze ahlangane nomphakathi wesizwe.

Ohulumeni bamisa lezi zimiso ukuze baqiniseke ukuthi izakhamuzi ezintsha zihlobene ngokwanele nezwe, ziqonde ulimi lwazo nezinhlangano zomphakathi futhi zibonise ukuthi zizinikele ezimisweni zalo.

Indima Yezinhlangano Zokuqondisa

Emazweni amaningi, izinhlangano zikahulumeni ezikhethekile zisingatha izindaba zezakhamuzi. E-United States, i-Immigration Services (USCIS) iqondisa inqubo yokuhlela imvelo, kuyilapho amanye amazwe eneminyango ezinikele noma inkonzo efanayo. Lezi zinkampani ziveza imithetho, izicelo zezinhlelo, izingxoxo, futhi zenza izinqumo zokugcina ezicelweni zezakhamuzi.

Izakhiwo zokuqondisa ezisekela izinqumo zezakhamuzi zihlanganisa amahhovisi asemasimini, izikhungo zokulungisa, izindawo zokuxoxa nezindawo zokuhlola. Ukutshala uhulumeni kulezi zimiso kuthinta ngokuqondile izikhathi zokulungisa izinhlelo, izicelo zeposi, kanye nokuphumelela kwendlela yonke yokuphatha izakhamuzi.

Ukuba Izakhamuzi Ngokufanelekile: UJus Soli NoJus Sanguinis

Ohulumeni basebenzisa izimiso ezimbili eziyinhloko ukuze banikeze izakhamuzi lapho bezalwa: i-jus soli (ngakwesokudla senhlabathi) kanye nejaguinis (ngakwesokudla segazi). Lemiqondo yasendulo engokomthetho inquma ukuthi izakhamuzi zitholakala yini ngokusekelwe endaweni yokuzalwa noma esabalelwa.

Ukuqonda Usoli

Jus soli iyisimiso sokuba yizakhamuzi ezizuzwa indawo yokuzalwa. Ngaphansi kwalesi simiso, noma ubani ozalwe endaweni yezwe ngokuzenzekelayo uba isakhamuzi, kungakhathaliseki ubuzwe babazali noma isikhundla sokufuduka. E-United States, ubuzibulo buqinisekisiwe yiSichibiyelo somthetho-sisekelo seshumi nane, esamukelwa ngo-1868 ngemva kweMpi Yombango. I-mentement isho ukuthi: "Bonke abantu abazalwa noma abadalwe e-United States, futhi bangaphansi kwezwe laso, bayizakhamuzi ze-United States nezwe lakhona.

Cishe wonke lawomazwe aqaphela ubuzibulo obungalinganiselwe yindawo yeNkabazwe yaseNtshonalanga, eNingizimu, eNingizimu, nase-Central America. Iningi lamazwe emhlabeni wonke alisiqapheli isimiso sobujusi esisekelwe kuso noma, uma enza kanjalo, kwenze njalo ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Okungenani amazwe angu-33, ikakhulukazi eMelika, anikeza noma ubani ozalwe emingceleni yawo izakhamuzi ezizimele.

Isimiso SikaJus Saguinis

Jus saluinis (umthetho we-parline) - umqondo womthetho wamaRoma noma wesizwe lapho ukuba kwakhe izakhamuzi kunqunywa khona ukuba yizakhamuzi zomzali oyedwa noma bobabili. Lesi simiso sivame kakhulu emhlabeni wonke kune-jus soli, ikakhulukazi eYurophu, e-Asia, nase-Afrika. Ngaphansi kwe-jabhin, umntwana ozalwa abazali bezakhamuzi uthola izakhamuzi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isiphi isizinda.

E-Asia, u-jaguinis uyinto evamile, futhi ubuzibulo buyivelakancane. Amazwe amaningi ase-Asia, njengeJapane noma iChina, asekela ubuzwe kuphela ekubeni yisizwe sabazali. Lokhu kuvumela ohulumeni ukuba bakwazi ukulawula ngokunamandla ukuzuza ubuzwe futhi ngokuvamile kubonisa ukugcizelela kwempucuko ukuhlobana kwesizwe noma kokhokho.

Izimiso Ezixubile Nezakhamuzi Ezinemigomo Efanele

Ohulumeni abaningi bahlanganisa izakhi zama - jun soli nama - jus saluni, badala izimiso ezixubile ezinemibandela edingekayo, abanye baphoqelela abazali ukuba bahlale ezweni iminyaka ethile ngaphambi kokuba izingane ezizalelwe kulelozwe zifanelekele ukuba zibe isakhamuzi samajuli anemibandela.

Amanye amazwe e-EU, anjengeFrance, iJalimane, nePortugal, anemvume yokuba yindawo yobuzibulo edinga ukuba umzali abe yindawo yokuhlala noma abe yizakhamuzi. Lezi zimiso ezinemibandela zimelela imizamo kahulumeni yokulinganisela ukuthulula izithulu nokukhathazeka ngokulawulwa kwezindawo nesizwe.

Inqubo yokuzalisa: Ukubusa Kukahulumeni Kwezinhlelo Zokuba Izakhamuzi

Ukuzenza imvelo iyinqubo yokuba isakhamuzi sase-United States ngokuzithandela. Lenqubo imelela indlela eyinhloko ohulumeni abanikeza ngayo izakhamuzi kubantu abazalwe kwamanye amazwe abahlangabezana nezimfuneko ezithile ezizobenza babe nenzuzo.

Ukuzithoba Nokubukeza Kokuqala

Inqubo yokuveza imvelo iqala uma umuntu efaka isicelo esingokomthetho enxuseni likahulumeni elifanele. I-Form N-400 iyihele lesicelo u-Green Cardins ozofaka i-float ukuze kwenziwe imvelo abe yizakhamuzi zase-U. Abaningi abafaka isicelo bangabhala phansi ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu njengesakhamuzi saphakade, noma ngemva kweminyaka emithathu uma bethola i-Green Card esekelwe emshadweni.

Ungafaka ifomu lakho elingu-N-400 ezinsukwini ezingu-90 ngaphambi kokufinyelela imfuneko yokuhlala eyiminyaka emihlanu (noma iminyaka emithathu). Lelifasitela elisongwe ngefasitela lokuqala livumela i-USCIS ukuqala uqhubekelo lwendlela yakho yokusebenza ukuze ungalahlekelwa isikhathi esibalulekile. Lokhu kulawula kubonisa indlela ohulumeni abangaklama ngayo izinqubo zokuthuthukisa impumelelo kuyilapho belondoloza izindinganiso ezisheshayo.

Amabhukwana abalulekile okuthola imvelo zihlanganisa i-Green Card yakho, i-ID kahulumeni, ama-passport, umshado/i-divorce (uma kufanelekile), izitifiketi zenkantolo ezifakazelwe nganoma ikuphi ukuboshwa, namaphepha entela. Uzodinga izithombe ezimbili zesiteshi se-passs nohlelo lwe-Form N-400 oqediwe. Kuye ngobufakazi obukhethekile, obungaphezulu obufana nobufakazi bokubhalisa inkonzo yokungena kwelinye izwe noma ezinye izincwadi zokungena kwelinye izwe kungadingeka.

Isizinda Sendlela Esebenza Ngayo Nezindlela Zokuveza Impilo

Izinhlangano zikahulumeni zenza uphenyo olunzulu ukuze ziqinisekise ukwaziswa okubhaliwe futhi zihlole ukuthi kulungile. Izinguquko ze-Federal zabuyisela lokho ukuphatha okuchazwa njengokuzigodla ngokuhlola okuqinile ngesizinda futhi kwavuselelwa ekuhloleni okuphelele kwendawo. Izikhulu futhi ziqikelele ukubukeza ukukhubazeka okuhlukile futhi zandisa ukuhlaziya okuhle kokuziphatha.

Lezi zinqubo ezikhiphayo zifeza izinjongo eziningi zikahulumeni: ukuqinisekisa ukulondeka kwesizwe, ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kokwaziswa okusetshenziswayo, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi abafaka isicelo bahlangabezana nezimfuneko zobuntu. Izinga nobukhulu bezindlela zokuhlola isizinda zibonisa izinto eziza kuqala kuhulumeni ngokuphathelene nokulawula ukufuduka nokuphepha komphakathi.

Inqubo Yokuxoxa Nokuhlola

Le nqubo ihlanganisa ukuxoxa nolimi lwesiNgisi kanye nokuhlola uhulumeni wase-U.S. ngemva kokuvunyelwa, abafaka isicelo kumelwe baye emkhosini wokuqamba imvelo futhi bathathe i-Ath of Allegiance ukuze babe izakhamuzi ngokomthetho. Le ngxoxo imelela indawo yokuhlolwa okugxekayo kukahulumeni lapho izikhulu zihlola ukuthi izikhankaso zihlangabezana yini nazo zonke izimfuneko.

Phakathi nengxoxo yakho, isikhulu se-USCIS sizobuza ngesizinda sakho, sibukeze uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza, futhi sihlole ikhono lakho lokukhuluma nokuqonda isiNgisi. Uzothatha futhi isivivinyo somphakathi, esihlanganisa umlando nohulumeni wase-U.S.. Lokhu kuhlola kuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamuzi ezintsha zinolwazi oluyisisekelo lolimi lwezwe, umlando, nesakhiwo sikahulumeni.

Imithetho yesizwe entsha yase-U.S. ngo-2026 ihlanganisa ukuhlolwa okunzima kwemibuzo engu-128 nomthetho oqinile. Lokhu kubonisa indlela ohulumeni abangaguqula ngayo izimfuneko zokuhlola ukuze babonise ukushintsha imithetho noma ukukhathazeka ngezindinganiso zezakhamuzi.

Ukuhlela Izikhathi Nokwanelisa Ukuphatha

Isikhundla sikahulumeni nezinto eziza kuqala zithinta kakhulu indlela izinhlelo zezakhamuzi ezihlelwa ngayo ngokushesha. Abantu abaningi balinda izinyanga ezingu-5 kuya kwezingu-8 kodwa isikhathi sokusebenza esingokwemvelo sixhomeke ezintweni eziningi. Futhi, indawo ohlala kuyo inendaba kakhulu. Izikhathi zokuhlela zihlukahluka ngokulandela umthamo wesicelo, amazinga ezisebenzi, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwehhovisi lendawo.

Sekukonke, yonke inqubo yokuhlanganisa imvelo, kusukela ekuthatheni u-N-400 kuya ekuthatheni i-Oath, ngokuvamile isukela ezinyangeni eziyi-8 kuya kwezingu-18, kodwa ingadlulela phambili. Lezi zikhomba- nkarhi zibonisa ukuyinkimbinkimbi kwezinqubo zikahulumeni zokuhlola kanye nemithombo eyabelwe ukuphatha izakhamuzi.

Izinkinga Zikahulumeni Nezimfuneko Zemali

Ohulumeni bavame ukukhokha intela yokulungisa izicelo ze-location, kokubili ukuxhasa imisebenzi yokuqondisa nokuphatha umthamo wesicelo. Ngo-2026, imali ekhokhelwayo ye-Form N-400 ingu-R250, okuhlanganisa intela ye-biomitrics. Lenkokhelo idingeka ishintshwe, ngakho njalo iqinisekisa inani lamanje le-webhusayithi ye-USCIS ngaphambi kokuba ifakwe.

Izakhiwo ze-oce zimelela izinqumo zikahulumeni zokuthi ubani okufanele abhekane nezindleko zokuphatha izakhamuzi. Amanye amazwe anikeza abafaki bezicelo abaphansi noma ukuncishiswa kwemali, kuyilapho amanye elondoloza izindleko ezifanayo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izimo zezimali zinjani. Lemithetho ithinta ukutholakala kwemvume yobuzwe futhi ingathonya izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamaqembu ahlukahlukene amanani abantu abahlala ndawonye.

Izindlela Ezikhethekile Zokuba Izakhamuzi

Ngaphandle kokuthi kungokwemvelo, ohulumeni bakha izindlela ezikhethekile zokwakha izakhamuzi zabantu abathile.

Ukushada Nesakhamuzi

Ohulumeni abaningi banikeza isilinganiso esisheshayo kubantu abashade nezakhamuzi. Uma beshade nesakhamuzi esingokomthetho sase-U.S. futhi behlala njalo iminyaka emithathu, bamelela iqembu elilodwa eliqinile lokuthola imvelo. Lokhu kuncishiswa kwesidingo sokuhlala kuvuma ukuhlobana komkhaya nokuhlangana okuvame ukuhambisana nokushada nesakhamuzi.

Ohulumeni kumelwe balinganisele ukuvimbela ubunye bomkhaya nokuvimbela imishado yokuphambana ukuba ingene ukuze nje ithole izakhamuzi. Lokhu kudinga ukuhlolisisa izicelo ezisekelwe emshadweni kuyilapho uhlonipha ubuhlobo obungokomthetho bomkhaya.

Amalungu Enkonzo Yezempi

Ilungu lenkonzo yezempi yaseU.S. (izisebenzi noma ingcweti) limelela esinye isigaba esikhethekile sokuzivumelanisa ngokwemvelo.

Lendlela ibonisa indlela ohulumeni abasebenzisa ngayo isimiso sobuzwe ukuze basekele ukubuthwa kwezempi futhi bavuze labo abavikela izithakazelo zesizwe, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba babe izakhamuzi.

Ukuba Izakhamuzi Ngokuphunyuka

Ohulumeni banika izakhamuzi ezizalwa kwamanye amazwe izakhamuzi ezingowokuzalwa ngezimiso zejaguans. I-Immigation and Nationality Technity Corrections Act ka-1994 yanika ilungelo lokuba yisizwe sabantwana abazalwa kwezinye izindawo uma umzali eyisakhamuzi sase-U.S. lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamuzi zingadlulisela ubuzwe bazo kubantwana bazo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenzekani.

Imithetho yobuzwe encikene nemithetho yesizwe ekhona iyahlukahluka ngokwemingcele yezizukulwane zayo. Amanye amazwe avumela ukuba izakhamuzi zidluliselwe ezizukulwaneni eziningi, kuyilapho amanye ebeka imingcele ngemva kwesizukulwane sokuqala esizalelwe kwelinye izwe.

Isimangaliso Semizwa Yokungazwani Nemvelo

Isinyathelo sokugcina ekwakheni uhulumeni owenziwe isakhamuzi siwumkhosi ongokomthetho lapho izakhamuzi ezintsha zifunga khona ukwethembeka. Uma usufikile emkhosini, kuyodingeka ubukele amavidiyo ambalwa adumisa ubukhulu be-United States, ubuyisele ikhadi lakho elihlala njalo, futhi uthathe i-Oath of Allegiance.

Lesisici somkhosi sifeza imisebenzi ebalulekile kahulumeni ngaphandle komthetho nje. Siphawula obala ushintsho lokuba isakhamuzi, siqinisa izindinganiso zomphakathi, futhi sidala isikhathi esingalibaleki esigcizelela ukubaluleka kwesabelo sezwe. Isifungo ngokwaso sidinga izakhamuzi ezintsha ukuba ziqinisekise ukwethembeka ezweni lazo elisha futhi, kwezinye izimo, zilahle ukwethembeka kwezinye izizwe.

Ukuba Izakhamuzi Ezihlangene: Uhulumeni Uyaphatha Futhi Uyaqaphela

Amanye amazwe ayazi kahle futhi avumela ukuba abantu bahlale ehlala emazweni amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Amanye afuna ukuba izakhamuzi ezintsha zilahle izakhamuzi zangaphambili, kuyilapho amanye enqabela izakhamuzi zawo ukuba zithole ezinye izizwe.

Amazwe avumela ukuba izakhamuzi zibe khona ayazi ukuthi ukuhlangana kwembulunga yonke nokuhlangana kwemikhaya enqamula imingcele kuyinto ekhathaza uhulumeni ngokuphathelene nokwethembeka okuhlukene, izibopho zenkonzo yezempi, intela nesivikelo sezohwebo.

Ukuthambekela emashumini eminyaka amuva kuye kwaba ukwamukela ngokwengeziwe ukuba yizakhamuzi ezimbili, njengoba ohulumeni beqaphela ukuthi kunzima ukuphoqelela ukugcinwa kwemithetho evimbelayo futhi kungase kuvimbele abantu abanekhono ekuzithobeni ngokwemvelo.

Izimfuneko Ezinhle Zokuziphatha

Ohulumeni bamisa izimfuneko zobuntu ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi izakhamuzi ezintsha zihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuziphatha. Ekunqumeni ukuthi umfaki wesicelo uye wawusekela umthwalo wokumisa ukuziphatha okuhle nezinye izimfanelo zokuba yizakhamuzi ezichazwe emacaleni angaphansi (a) alengxenye, u-Attorney General akazukuphelela ekuziphatheni komfaki wesicelo phakathi neminyaka emihlanu yangaphambi kokufakwa kwesicelo, kodwa angacabangela njengesisekelo sokuzimisela okunjalo ukuziphatha nezenzo zomfaki wesicelo nganoma isiphi isikhathi ngaphambi kwaleso sikhathi.

Ukuhlola okuhle kokuziphatha kuhlanganisa umlando wobugebengu, ukukhokhwa kwentela, izibopho zokusekela izingane, kanye nobuqiniso enqubweni yokusebenza. Izikhulu zaqinisa nokubukeza ukukhubazeka kokukhubazeka futhi zandisa izimpawu zokuziphatha okuhle. Lokho kuhlola kwahlanganisa iminikelo emihle yezenhlalakahle futhi kwaveza ukucushwa okucacile okuhlangene nokuvota okungekho mthethweni noma ukukhomba kwezakhamuzi.

Lezi zimfuneko zinikeza ohulumeni ukuhlakanipha kokuphika ukuba isakhamuzi sabantu abakuziphatha kwabo kubonisa ukuthi ngeke babe izakhamuzi ezinomthwalo wemfanelo, ngisho noma behlangabezana nezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe.

Izimfuneko Eziqhubekayo Zokuba Khona Okungokomzimba

Ohulumeni bafuna ukuba izikhankaso zibonise ukuxhumana okuqinile nezwe ngezindawo zokuhlala nangokuba khona ngokomzimba. Akekho umuntu, ngaphandle kokuba kunikezwe ngalendlela kulesihloko esiphansi, ozokwenziwa ngokwemvelo ngaphandle kokuba isikhala esinjalo, (1) ngokushesha ngaphambi kosuku lokufaka isicelo sakhe sokuzenzakalela ngokwemvelo siye sahlala ngokuqhubekayo, ngemva kokuba ngokomthetho wavunywa ukuba ahlale ngokuhlala njalo, e-United States okungenani iminyaka emihlanu futhi phakathi neminyaka emihlanu ngaphambi nje kosuku lokufaka isicelo sakhe ngokwamandla akhe ngokwesilinganiso kuhlale kulapho okungenani ingxenye yesilinganiso yaleso sikhathi.

Lezi zimfuneko ziqinisekisa ukuthi abafaka isicelo banobuhlobo obuqotho nezwe futhi baye bachitha isikhathi esanele phakathi kwemingcele yabo ukuze bahlangane nomphakathi. Ukuphuma e-United States isikhathi esiqhubekayo sonyaka owodwa noma ngaphezulu phakathi nenkathi okudingeka ukuba indawo yokuhlala iqhubeke ukuze umuntu avunyelwe ukuba abe yizakhamuzi (noma yini eyandulela noma eyalandela ukufakwa kwesicelo sokuthola imvelo) kuyoqeda ukuqhubekela phambili kwesakhiwo esinjalo.

Ohulumeni bamisa le mithetho ukuze bavimbele abantu ukuba bathole izakhamuzi ngaphandle kokuxhumana okunenjongo nezwe, kuyilapho benakekela ngaphandle labo abakhonza izithakazelo zikahulumeni kwamanye amazwe noma abasebenzela izinkampani zaseMelika phesheya.

Izimfuneko Zolwazi Nezolimi

Ohulumeni abaningi badinga izikhankaso zemvelo ukuze babonise impumelelo yolimi lwesizwe nolwazi lwezinhlangano zomphakathi. Lokhu kuhlola kunezingxenye ezimbili: ukuhlolwa kwezakhamuzi (umlando wase-U.S. nohulumeni) nokuhlolwa kwesiNgisi. Lezi zimfuneko zibonisa ukwahlulela kukahulumeni okuthi izakhamuzi kufanele zikwazi ukuhlanganyela ekuphileni komphakathi futhi ziqonde isimiso sezwe sezombangazwe.

Ngo-October 20, 2025, i-USCIS yaqala ukusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwezindawo ezingokwemvelo ezingu-2025. Kuye ngokuthi uqala nini ukusebenzisa inqubo yakho engokwemvelo, kumelwe uthathe ukuhlolwa konyaka ka-2009 noma ka-2025 kwezakhamuzi.

Uma uhlangabezana nezimfanelo ezithile zobudala noma zokukhubazeka, kungase kungadingeki ukuba uhlole umphakathi noma isiNgisi.

Ukuzenza Imvelo Nokulahlekelwa Ukuba Izakhamuzi

Nakuba ohulumeni benikeza izakhamuzi, balondoloza futhi igunya lokuziqeda ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Ukungalawuleki okungokwemvelo kwenzeka lapho izakhamuzi zitholakele ngokukhwabanisa, ukuhlanekezelwa noma ngokufihla amaqiniso ezinto ezibonakalayo. Ohulumeni bangase futhi baqede izakhamuzi ngenxa yobugebengu obungathi sína obunjengokuvukela umbuso noma imisebenzi yamaphekula, nakuba izenzo ezinjalo zingavamile futhi zingaphansi kwesivikelo esingokomthetho esiphawulekayo.

Futhi ivikela ekudingisweni ngaphandle kwasemacaleni angavamile ahilela ukuziphatha kobugebengu noma ukukhwabanisa.

Amanye amazwe ayaqaphela futhi ukuthi ngokuzithandela ukwakhiwa kwesizwe kuvunyelwe ukuba abantu balahle ubuzwe babo.

Izimpikiswano Zemithetho Nemizamo Yezinguquko

Izimiso zezakhamuzi zikahulumeni zisalokhu zingaphansi kwempikiswano eqhubekayo yezombangazwe nemizamo yokulungisa izenzakalo zezikhathi ezithile. Ukuphikisa kwezombangazwe kwe-juli soli yobuzibulo kuye kwaqala e-United States phakathi namashumi ambalwa eminyaka adlule, okuphazanyiswa ukukhethwa kukaDonald Trump . Owamelana ngokuqondile nokumiswa kwesizwe kwesizwe sabantwana besizwe soli abavela kubantu abangabhalwanga inani lezizwe (jecul) − njengoMongameli wase-United States ngo-2016 nango-2025, u-Trump wakhipha u-Udrector Religidential 14160, owagomela ukuthi uhulumeni ngeke uqaphele ubuzibulo obungabobuswa abantwana babantu abangamele izakhamuzi zase-US.

Lezimpikiswano zibonisa imibuzo eyisisekelo mayelana nokuthi ungubani isizwe, ukulawulwa kwabantu abathuthela kwamanye amazwe, kanye nobukhulu obufanele bezakhamuzi. Ohulumeni kumelwe balinganisele izithakazelo ezincintisanayo: ukulondoloza ukulondeka emngceleni, ukuhlonipha izibopho zokusiza umphakathi, ukusekela ukwanda kwezomnotho ngokufuduka, nokulondoloza ukubambisana kwezenhlalo.

Kusukela ekuqaleni konyaka ka-1980 (noMthetho we-British Nationality 1981), amazwe athuthukile aye alinganisela ilungelo le-jus soli (futhi futhi amaju jucuinini, njengoba kwenzeka ngomthetho wesizwe sase-Italy ngo-2025) esabela ekucindezeleni kwezombangazwe okungalawuleki nokunqanda ukufuduka kwezomnotho ezindaweni ezazingaphucukile nasemazweni angathuthuki. Lokhu kubonisa indlela ohulumeni abalungisa ngayo izimiso zesizwe ekusabeleni ekushintsheni kwezindlela zokuthutha kanye nezingcindeze zezombangazwe.

Umthetho Wezizwe Zonke Nobuhlalo

Nakuba ukuba izakhamuzi ngokuyinhloko kuyindaba yomthetho wasekhaya, izimiso zomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe zithonya nezimiso zikahulumeni. ISimemezelo Somhlaba Wonke Samalungelo Abantu siqaphela ilungelo lobuzwe, futhi izivumelwano zomhlaba wonke zokungabi nandaba nezindaba, isivikelo sababaleki, namalungelo abantu abangewona amaqembu.

Lezi zimiso ezixubile zasetshenziswa ukuze kufezwe izibopho zesivumelwano ngemva konya lweMpi Yezwe II lwandisa ukuqashelwa kwabantu abangenahulumeni.

Umthetho wezizwe zonke ukhuluma nangezimo lapho ubukhosi obusemasimini bushintsha khona, ufuna ukuba ohulumeni bamise imithetho yokushintsha kwezakhamuzi lapho kuvela ukushintshwa kwemingcele noma amazwe amasha.

Amalungelo Nokuba Izakhamuzi Nemithwalo Yemfanelo

Lapho ohulumeni benikeza izakhamuzi, banikeza inqwaba yamalungelo futhi bathwese imithwalo yemfanelo ehambisana nayo. Inikeza amalungelo ezakhamuzi agcwele, kuhlanganise nekhono lokuvota nokuthola ipasi lokungena eU.S. Izakhamuzi zijabulela amalungelo okuvota, ukuphatha ihhovisi lomphakathi, ukuthola izinzuzo zikahulumeni, nokuthola isivikelo sobuzwe kwamanye amazwe.

Ukwenziwa kwemvelo kunikeza ilungelo lokuvota, izihlobo ezixhasa ukufuduka, futhi kugcine imisebenzi kahulumeni. Lamalungelo ahlukanisa izakhamuzi nezakhamuzi ezihlala njalo nezinye izigaba ezingazikho, kwakha izisusa zokuzenzakalela ngaphandle kwesimo esingokomthetho.

Izakhamuzi futhi zinemithwalo yemfanelo, kuhlanganise nenkonzo yamajaji, izibopho zentela, nakwamanye amazwe, izimfuneko zenkonzo yezempi.

Izinselele Zokuphatha Nezikhungo Zokusekela

Isimiso sikahulumeni sesizwe sibhekene nezinselele eziqhubekayo ezihlobene nokusebenza, ukuthunyelwa kwezisebenzi, kanye nokunikezwa kwempahla. Inqubo kakade edinga amaphepha, izingxoxo nokuhlola yaba nzima ukubikezela njengoba izindinganiso zishintshwa futhi zincishiswa kancane. Izinga lokulawula lingathinta kakhulu ukuphila kwabafaki-zicelo, libambezele ikhono labo lokuvota, ukuthatha uhambo ngefasport yesizwe, noma ukuxhasa amalungu omkhaya.

Phakathi nezinyanga zokuqala eziyisithupha zokuqondisa kweTrump yesibili, isikhathi sokulungisa imvelo safinyelela izinyanga ezingu-6,4, ukuncipha okuqondana nezimiso eziqinile zobuzwe. Izikhathi zokuhlela zishintshashintsha ngenxa yezinguquko zezimiso, amazinga abaphathi, nemiqulu yezicelo, okubonisa ithonya eliqondile lemithombo kahulumeni ekwabiweni kwezakhamuzi.

Ohulumeni kumelwe balinganisele ngokuphelele ekuhlelekeni okufike ngesikhathi, beqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhathazeka ngokulondeka akuyilethi ijubane elingadingekile labo abafanelekayo abacela imali.

Ikusasa Lomthetho Kahulumeni Wokuba Izakhamuzi

Njengoba ukufuduka kwembulunga yonke kuqhubeka futhi kushintsha kwenani labantu, ohulumeni babhekana nezinselele ezixazulula isimiso sobuhlalisane. Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe yenza ukuba kuhlolwe isizinda esiyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi iziphi, kuyilapho kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka okuyimfihlo. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kungase kwakhe izigaba ezintsha zabantu abashiyekile abadinga ukusabela kukahulumeni ngokuphathelene nezakhamuzi nesivikelo.

Ohulumeni kumelwe futhi baphendule imibuzo ephathelene nezakhamuzi emazweni anezinombolo eziyandayo, lapho abantu bengase babe nobuhlobo obuphawulekayo namazwe abangakaze bahlale kuwo ngokoqobo.

Ngo - 2026, kunezakhamuzi ezingokwemvelo ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu - 23 e - United States, ezimelela ingxenye ebalulekile yabantu abavotayo.Lezakhamuzi eziningi ezingokwemvelo zibonisa ukubaluleka okuqhubekayo kwezimiso zezakhamuzi zikahulumeni kanye nethonya lazo ekuhlanganyeleni kwentando yeningi nasekusungulweni kwesizwe.

Isiphetho

Indima kahulumeni ekunikezeni izakhamuzi ihlanganisa okungaphezu nje kokuhlelwa kwezinhlelo zokuqondisa. Kuhilela izinqumo eziyisisekelo eziphathelene nobuzwe, ubulungu emphakathini wezombangazwe, nokulinganisela phakathi kokukhululeka nokulawula. Ngomthetho sisekelo, izinqubo, izinqubo zokuqondisa, nezinqumo zezimiso, ohulumeni banquma ukuthi ubani ongaba izakhamuzi futhi ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo.

Kusukela ekubeni yindlalifa esekelwe kwizimiso ze-ju soli noma ze-jujucuiniis eziya ezindleleni ezingokwemvelo ezidinga iminyaka yokuhlala, ukukwazi ulimi, nolwazi lomphakathi, ohulumeni basebenzisa izinqubo ezihlukahlukene ukuze banike isizwe izakhamuzi. Lezi zimiso zibonisa umlando oyingqayizivele wesizwe ngasinye, izindinganiso, nezimiso zanamuhla eziza kuqala.

Ukuqonda indima kahulumeni ekwakheni izakhamuzi kusiza ekucaciseni indlela izizwe ezilawula ngayo umphakathi wazo, zilondoloze izimpawu zesizwe, futhi zikwazi ukulinganisela ekuncintisaneni kwezindawo ngenkathi yokuhamba kwembulunga yonke. Njengoba izindlela zokufuduka ziqhubeka, izinqumo zesizwe ziyohlala ziyisici esibucayi segunya likahulumeni nenkathalo yomphakathi.

Kulabo abafuna ukuba isakhamuzi, ukuqonda izimfuneko nezinqubo zikahulumeni kubalulekile ukuze izakhamuzi zikwazi ukuqondisa le nqubo ngokuphumelelayo.

Ukuze ufunde okwengeziwe nge-i-iasethi ye-inthanethi kanye nezinqubo zemvelo, vakashela i-U.U. ne-Inkonzo yokwethulwa kwezwe noma hlola imithombo yezobuchwepheshe evela ku- i-Melika ye-Immigration Council[.