Indima Yabaphathi Bedolobha Ekusekeleni Izimiso Zokudla Zasendaweni

Abaphathi bemizi basemadolobheni bamiswe ngokukhethekile ukuba baqhubele phambili ukuthuthukiswa kwezimiso zokudla eziqinile zendawo. Njengoba izikhulu eziphethe zomasipala abo ziqondisa ukuhlelwa kwezimiso, ukuhlelwa kwezimiso zokuhlela, ukuhlelwa kwemali, nokuhlanganiswa kwezimo ezihlobene. Ukuqinisa izinhlangano zokudla akuyona nje inqubo yezempilo kuphela, ukuthuthukisa indawo ezungezile, ukuthatha isinyathelo esiqinile, kanye nokusekela isimiso sokudla esingokwenhlalo. Ngokusekela izimiso zokudla zendawo, abaphathi bedolobha bangasiza ekwakheni imiphakathi engcono ehlonyiswe kangcono ukumelana nokubhidlizwa, ukusekela abalimi abancane, nokuqinisekisa zonke izakhamuzi ukuba zikwazi ukufinyelela ukudla okunempilo.

Ukuqonda Izimiso Zokudla Zasendaweni

Izimiso zokudla zendawo zibhekisela kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza, ukulungisa, ukusakaza, nokudla ukudla endaweni echazwe, ngokuvamile idolobha, isifunda, noma indawo. Ziphawuleka ngokuphambana okufushane, ukuhlangana okuqondile phakathi kwabenzi nabathengi, nokugxila emikhiqizo etshalwe ngezikhathi ezithile nangokwemali. Lezi zimiso zingathatha izinhlobo eziningi: izimakethe zabalimi, izinhlelo zokulima ezisekela umphakathi, amapulazi, izikhungo zokudla, izinga lokudla, amasimu esikole, kanye nezinyathelo zokuhlola ipulazi.

Izinzuzo zezimiso zokudla eziqinile zendawo zifakazelwa kahle. Zinciphisa i-carbon ehambisana nezokuthutha ukudla okunendawo ende, ukulondoloza amapulazi nendawo eluhlaza, futhi zijikeleza imali ngaphakathi kwezentengiselwano yendawo. Ngokwe- i-USDA FAURMERS Market Mectory Tears[[FL:1], ukudayisa intengiselwano ye-carbon ehlangene ne-componey edayo kuphela ezimakethengisweni zabalimi kuphela ekhiqini ezingenisa imali engaphezu kwezigidi eziyizigidi ezingu-aramu ezingu-R3 (R3 000 000 000) emalini eseleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimiso zokudla ngokuvamile zithuthukisa ukuphumelela kokudla ngokuthuthukisa izindlela zokukhetha ezinempilo ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwe-asethiwe, ezaziwa ngokuthi “uhlane lokudla.”

Izingxenye Eziyinhloko Zesimiso Sokudla Sasendaweni

  • Iprojekthi: ihlanganisa amapulazi avamile, amapulazi asedolobheni, izingadi zomphakathi, izingadi zangaphezulu, kanye ne-hydroponic phakathi kwemingcele yedolobha.
  • Ukulungisa: Izinqubo ezisesilinganisweni ezincane zokudla, amakhishi athengiselwayo, kanye nabakhiqizi abafakelwe inani (isib., iziminya, izimpahla ezibhakiwe, imikhiqizo engenamvubelo).
  • Ingxenye: Izimakethe zabalimi, iCSA, izikhungo zokudla, izinhlelo zamapulazi ukuya esikoleni, kanye nezimakethe ze-mahamba.
  • Ukuthatha : Izindawo zokudlela, izikole, izibhedlela, nemikhaya ebeka izithako ezisemthonjeni wendawo.
  • [[Umthetho:0] Ukuphathwa kwe-gadte:[ Izinhlelo zokuhlanganisa, izinhlelo zokunciphisa udoti wokudla, kanye nokukhipha imikhiqizo esele.

Abaphathi bedolobha kumelwe baqonde lezi zingcezu ezihlangene ukuze basekele isimiso sonke ngokuphumelelayo. Ngaphandle kombono owenziwe ngemishini, imizamo yokuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ingahluleka uma amaza osakaza noma abathengi benganakiwe.

Indima Yabaphathi Bedolobha: Abaholi Abanekhono

Abaphathi bemizi basebenza njengebhuloho phakathi kwezikhulu ezikhethiwe, izinhloko zesifunda, abafaki bezimali zomphakathi, kanye nezingxenye zomphakathi.

Ukuthuthuka Kwezomthetho Nokufundiswa Kwazo

Abaphathi bedolobha bangatusa futhi basize izimiso zokuhlela okwenziwayo ezidala indawo engcono ukuze kuthathwe izinhlelo zokudla zendawo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlelwa kwemithetho yokulungisa amapulazi ukuze kuvunyelwe ukulima, ukukhulisa imfuyo ezindaweni zokuhlala, nokumisa izimakethe zabalimi ezindaweni zomphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, i-American Planning Association iqokomisa ukuthi amadolobha amaningi aqala kabusha ukuvumela “amapulazi” ukuba asebenze ngokufanele, aqede isidingo semvume ekhethekile. Izikhulu zedolobhana zingasekela futhi imithetho edinga izakhiwo ezifuna isilinganiso sokudla ezivela kubenzi bendawo, noma enzisa izikhungo zokuthenga intela ukuze izitolo zivuleke ukudla.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwemali Enenzuzo Nokusetshenziswa Kwayo

Imali eyabiwe kahle ibalulekile. Abaphathi bamadolobha baqondisa izimali zaminyaka yonke futhi bangaqondisa izimali ezinhlelweni zesimiso sokudla sendawo njenge:

  • izingadi namapulazi asedolobheni: ukuxhasa ukutholakala kwenhlabathi, ukuhlola inhlabathi, ukufinyelela emanzini, kanye namashele.
  • [ Izikhungo zokudla:[ zihlanganyela amakhishi entengiselwano, indawo yokugcina izinto ezibandayo, kanye nokusakaza izimoto ezisiza abalimi abancane ukuba bahlasele futhi badayise imikhiqizo yabo.
  • Imfundo kanye nokuphuma: amakilasi ezokudla, imiboniso yokupheka, nezifundo zesikole ezithuthukisa isidingo sokudla kwendawo.
  • Ukuthuthuka kwe-Markut: ibonelo lokusungula izimakethe zabalimi, kuhlanganise nokusayina, ukuthengisa, kanye nenzuzo ye-electronic imishini yokwamukela izinzuzo ze-SNAP.

Amamenenja amadolobha anganikeza futhi uhulumeni ("] njengalawo avela kuhlelo lwe-USDA Community Food Projects]ukunezela izimali zendawo. Ngokufaka kuqala izimiso zokudla ezingxoxweni yokuhlela, babonisa ukuthi lokhu kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu emphakathini wesikhathi eside, hhayi isithakazelo esidlulayo.

Ukwakha Nokwakhana

Akukho dolobha elingakha isimiso sokudla sendawo yodwa. Abaphathi bamadolobha bayizinto ezingokwemvelo, abakwazi ukuhlanganisa izigebengu eziningi ezinezithakazelo ezivame ukungqubuzana. Bangamisa imikhandlu yokudla ehlanganisa abalimi, izitolo, izikhulu zezempilo, abaphathi besikole, nabasekeli bomphakathi. Lemikhandlu ilungiselela i-umgamu wokuhlukanisa amagede, ukuhlanganisa imininingwane, nokuhlanganisa izenzo. Abaphathi bedolobha basiza futhi ukuba abantu basebenzelane, njengasesibhedlela sendawo esivuma ukuthenga izinto emapulazini aseduze, noma umthuthukisi ohlanganisa insimu yomphakathi esakhiwo esisha.

Imfundo Yomphakathi Nokuhlanganyela

Abaphathi bedolobha bangasebenzisa indawo ephezulu ukuze bathuthukise izinzuzo zokudla ukudla kwendawo. Lokhu kungahilela ukuqala umkhankaso othi “Yazi Umlimi Wakho”, ukunyathelisa incwadi enikeza iziqondiso zokudla yendawo, noma ukuphatha isikhungo sokudla saminyaka yonke. Bangaqinisekisa futhi ukuthi izingxoxo zikamasipala (izakhamuzi, amaphephabhuku, imithombo yezokuxhumana) ziqokomisa izimiso zamamakethe zabalimi kanye nezindlela zokupheka zenkathi yonyaka. Uma izakhamuzi ziqonda izinzuzo zezomnotho nezempilo zokuthenga indawo, ziyoshintsha imikhuba yazo yokuthenga.

Ukusebenza Kwaphesheya Kweminyango

Isimiso sokudla sendawo sithinta iminyango eminingi yamadolobha: ukuhlelwa, amapaki nezokuzilibazisa, ukuthuthuka kwezomnotho, impilo yomphakathi, imisebenzi yomphakathi, ngisho nezifunda zesikole. Abaphathi bedolobha banomthwalo wokuqinisekisa leminyango ekhonsathini kunokuba ifakwe e-silos. Ngokwesibonelo, umnyango wokuhlela ungase uvumele ipulazi elisha lasedolobheni, kuyilapho umnyango wezempilo udinga ukuyihlola, futhi umnyango wezemisebenzi yomphakathi kumelwe unikeze amanzi. Umphathi wedolobha angamisa iqembu lokudla okuphambanisa eziphambanweni ezihamba ngephambanweni ezilandelanayo ukuze ulungise izingxabano.

Izindlela Zokusekela Izimiso Zokudla Zasendaweni

Abaphathi bamadolobha banethuluzi eliphumelelayo eliye lahlolwa komasipala kulo lonke elase - United States. Ngezansi kunezinye izindlela ezinamandla kakhulu.

Ukumisa Nokusekela Izimakethe Zabalimi

Izimakethe zabalimi zivame ukuthatha izimakethe ukuze izakhamuzi zisebenzise ukudla kwendawo. Abaphathi bedolobha banganciphisa izithiyo ngokunikeza izimakethe indawo yomphakathi noma indawo yokupaka yezimakethe, ukukhokha imvume yabathengisi abancane, nokufaka izakhiwo ezihlala njalo njengezakhiwo zomthunzi nogesi. Bangakhuthaza izimakethe ukuba zithathe i-SNAP/EBT futhi banikeze izisusa ezihambelanayo ngezinhlelo ezinjenge-Doctive Up Food Bucks, eziphinda kabili inani le-SNAP uma zisetshenziswa ekuthengeni imikhiqizo emisha.

Ukuthuthukisa Izolimo Emadolobheni

Izolimo zasedolobheni zidlulela ngalé kokulima okungokwesiko. Ihlanganisa ama-quaponic, ama-hydroponic, amapulazi amile, nezitsha zasophahleni. Amaphathi amadolobha angasekela lokhu ngokudala inqubo evumela izakhiwo zasemadolobheni, ukunikeza amaqashi ezindawo ezingenalutho, nokunikeza usizo lwezobuchwepheshe ngemisebenzi yokuthuthukisa. EDetroit, ihhovisi lomphathi wedolobha wasebenza nomnyango wokuhlela ukwakha “Urban Agriculture Ordinance” evumela izakhamuzi ukuba zithengise imikhiqizo evela emakhaya azo futhi zihlele imingcele yezindawo zomphakathi.

Ukwakha Nokusekela Imikhandlu Yohlelo Lokudla

Imikhandlu yezimiso zokudla ihlanganisa abasekeli bezindawo ezihlukahlukene ukuze batshele ohulumeni bamadolobha ngezindaba zokudla. Bangaphatha izinqumo zokudla, batusa izinguquko zenqubo, kanye nokuhlela usizo. Amamenenja amadolobha anganikeza izisebenzi ukusekela, indawo yokuhlangana, kanye nemali encane yokwenza umkhandlu uphumelele. Iprojekthi ye-Fopply Policy Networks inikeza imithombo yokuqalisa nokusekela lemikhandlu.

Ukugada Izikhungo Zokudla Nezindawo Zokuphehla Umzimba

Izindawo zokudla ziyizindawo eziphakathi eziqoqelwa ukudla, inqubo, kanye nokusakaza ukudla okuvela endaweni yazo. Zisiza abalimi abancane ukuba bafinyelele izimakethe ezinkulu njengezikole nezibhedlela. Amamenenja amadolo bangasebenzisa izimali ezikhokhelwayo noma ezikhungweni zokubuyisa imali ukuze basize ekumiseni izikhungo zokudla, noma izisebenzi ezisebenza ngokungezona inzuzo ukuze zikwazi ukuzisebenzisa. Ukutshala imali kungahlanganisa nokuthengisa izimakethe ezihambayo eziya ezindaweni ezisezakhiwe phansi, noma amakhishishini anezikhungo zomphakathi lapho abathengisi bengakhiqiza khona izimpahla eziyigugu.

Ukuthuthela Ukudla Kwendawo Ekuthengeni Ngezikhungo

Izikole, izikhungo zezinsuku, izikhungo eziphakeme, izibhedlela, namajele zithenga inqwaba enkulu yokudla. Ngokuthatha “izimiso zendawo”, lezi zikhungo zingathuthukisa kakhulu isidingo semikhiqizo yendawo. Abaphathi bamadolobha bangasebenza nezikhulu ezifuna ukuqongelela izisulu (umz., 20% yokudla okuchithwa ezintweni zendawo), ukuhlanganisa izinqubo zokusekela abakhiqizi abancane bendawo, nokwakha imiphakathi eyenza kube lula ukuthenga izinhlangano zendawo. IPulage yaseUSDA ukunikeza isiqondiso esihle kakhulu nemali kulokhu.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo

Amadolobha amaningi anikeza izibonelo ezishukumisayo zendlela umphathi wamadolobha angashintsha ngayo izimiso zokudla zendawo.

Portland, Oregon: Policy Leadership and Agriculture

IPortland sekuyisikhathi eside ingumholi wenkambiso yokudla endaweni. Umnyango wokuhlela idolobha, ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwemenenja yedolobha, wamukela i- “Portland Food System” ngo- 2015, ehlanganisa ngokuqondile izinhlelo zokudla ezihlanganisa izinhlelo zokusetshenziswa kwezwe, ezokuthutha, nezokuthuthukisa kwezomnotho. Izenzo eziyinhloko zahlanganisa ukuguqula imithetho yokuhlela unyaka ukuze kuvunyelwe abalimi ukuba bathengise izimakethengiso, ukumisa umthetho “owekuyikhomba ukuvikela izinga lezindawo zomphakathi ekuthuthukeni, futhi wenze isikhwama saminyaka engamashumi amahlanu (50 000) semisebenzi yokudla ezindaweni zomphakathi. Njengomphumela, iPortlandland manje inezivalo ezingaphezu kwekhulu zezindawo zomphakathi, izimaketheko zomphakathi, futhi imisebenzi engaphezu kuka-200 yepulazi.

Abaphathi bedolobha ePortland nabo bamisa ukulingana okuphambili: bandisa i-SNAP/EBT ekwamukelweni kuzo zonke izimakethe zabalimi futhi basungula uhlelo “Ukuthola Kokudla Nobuningi” lokusekela isitolo sokudla esifanelekayo ngokwesiko ezindaweni ezingenisa imali ephansi. Icala libonisa ukuthi isimiso esiqinile, esisekelwa ukusekela okunikezelwe ngokwezimali nokuhlangana okuphakathi, kungadala isizinda esichumayo sendawo sokudla.

Idolobha LaseNew York: Ukukhuphuka Ngemikhumbi - sisekelo

Imizamo yesimiso sokudla yaseNew York City iphawuleka ngesilinganiso sayo. Ihhovisi lomphathi wedolobha (ngeHhovisi leMayor’s Food Policy) lahola ukusungulwa kwe- “FoodNYC,” uhlelo olubanzi lokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kokudla kwendawo, ukunciphisa ukungcola kokudla, nokuthuthukisa ukutholakala kokudla. Isinyathelo sokuthatha isinyathelo yi-“Greenmarket” enemisebenzi, esebenza emapulazini asemakethekini angu-50 futhi isekela amapulazi endawo. Izisebenzi zasedolobheni zakhona zixoxa noMnyango we-partles ne-Dradies ukuze zisebenzise izimakethengiso zomphakathi kanye noMnyango wezokuthutha ukuvala imigwaqo izinsuku eziningi.

Enye impumelelo enkulu uhlelo “lokuya eSikoleni”, oluhlanganisa izikole ezingaphezu kuka-1 800 nabakhiqizi bendawo. Ihhovisi ledolobha labela amakhishi nokuqeqesha ukuze izisebenzi zasesikoleni zilungise ukudla okusha, okungaxutshwe nalutho. Ngokombiko ovela NYC Food Policy Center[, loluhlelo lwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwezithelo nemifino esendaweni yakubo ngo-30% ezikoleni ezihlanganyelayo.

Baltimore, Maryland: Ukwahlulela Kokudla Nokuhlela

Umphathi wedolobha laseBaltimore wasebenza nomnyango wokuhlela ukuze adale i- “Baltimore Food Political” (BFPI) ngo- 2009. I-BFPI yagxila ekuqondiseni izingwadule zokudla, ezathinta izakhamuzi ezingaba yingxenye eyodwa kwezine zaseBaltimore. Idolobha lasebenzisa izinguquko zokumayela ukuze livumele izakhiwo zasemadolobheni ukuba zikwazi ukuthenga ngaphandle, uma kunikezwa izitolo ezincane zokuthenga ukuze zivule ezindaweni ezigciniwe, futhi lisungule uhlelo “i-Virtualmarket”, oluvumela izakhamuzi ukuba zithumele isitolo sokuthenga izinto nge - Internet futhi zithathe izindawo ezimisiwe.

Abaphathi bedolobha basekela futhi i- “Baltimore Orchard Project,” eyatshala amakhulu ezihlahla zezithelo emapaki nasezindaweni zomphakathi. Imiphumela iye yalinganiswa: inani lezitini zogwadule lokudla eziwe ngekhulu lama-30%, kanye namaphesenti ezakhamuzi ezibika ukutholakala okulula kokukhiqizwa okusha okuphawulekayo. Indlela kaBaltimore ibonisa ukuthi abaphathi bedolobha bangasebenzisa inhlanganisela yenqubo, ukuxhasa, kanye nesivumelwano somphakathi ekuxazululeni izinhlelo zokudla.

Izinselele Abaphathi Bamadolobha Ababhekana Nazo

Nakuba amathuba emisebenzi ekhona amakhulu, abaphathi bamadolobha babhekana futhi nezithiyo zangempela lapho bethuthukisa izimiso zokudla zendawo.

  • Izisebenzi ezihlangene nemithombo yemali:[ Amadolobha amaningi aneminyango yokuhlela elinganiselwe noma yentuthuko yezomnotho; umsebenzi wesimiso sokudla kungaba yiwo owenezelelwe kuzisebenzi esezinkulu kakade. Amamenenja amadolobha angadinga ukuthethelela izikhundla ezintsha noma ukuxhasa ngezimali enkampaneni yedolobha.
  • Ukuvula izwe kusetshenziswa izinto eziza kuqala: ulima wasedolobheni kuvame ukuncintisana nezindlu nentuthuko yezentengiselwano yezwe eliyindlala. Amamenenja edolobha kumelwe afake imemo phakathi kwabathuthukisi abafuna ukwakha imisebenzi yenani eliphezulu namaqembu omphakathi afuna ukulondoloza indawo eluhlaza ukuze akhiqize ukudla.
  • Usizo lwabakhiqizi bendawo: Ngisho nangezimiso ezisekelayo, abalimi abancane bavame ukulwela ukuncintisana nezolimo zezezimboni ezinkulu ngenani lenani lemali. Abaphathi bodolobha badinga ukucabanga ngenzuzo, ukuthengisa, nezakhiwo ezibiza imali ephansi kakhulu kubakhiqizi.
  • i-Pilot ne-actritive: Imizamo yokudla yendawo ingabhekwa njenge-“mzabalazo kodwa okungadingekile,” ikakhulukazi phakathi nobunzima bemali. Abaphathi bedolobha kumelwe bakhe imifelandawonye emikhulu ebonisa izinzuzo ezingokomnotho nezempilo ukuze basekele ukusekelwa ngezinguquko ezikhethiwe.
  • Izinkinga ezilungile: ngaphandle komzamo wangamabomu, izimiso zokudla zendawo zingazuzisa izakhamuzi ezicebile, ezixhumene kakhulu kuyilapho zishiya imiphakathi ethola imali ephansi ngemva. Amamenenja eDolobha kumelwe aqinisekise ukuthi izinhlelo ziklanyelwe ukufinyelela wonke amagumbi futhi ukuthi amaqembu angaphansi anesihlalo etafuleni.

Isiphetho

Abaphathi bedolobha bayizici ezibalulekile zokwakha izimiso zokudla eziqinile zendawo. Ikhono labo lokwakha inqubo, ukuhlukanisa imithombo, ukuhlangana, nokuhlanganisa iminyango yenza ukuba babekwe ezikhungweni ezikhethekile ukuze bashintshe izinhloso ezinhle zibe ushintsho oluhlala njalo. Ukusuka ekuhlanganiseni amapulazi asedolobheni kuya ekudleni ukudla kwendawo, izenzo zomphathi wedolobha zingadlulela kuwo wonke umphakathi, zithuthukise impilo engcono, ukuqina kwezomnotho, kanye nokuphatha indawo ezungezile.

Njengoba amadolobha amaningi ebhekene nokukhucululwa kobuningi bokudla kwembulunga yonke — okubangelwa umqedazwe we-COVOID-19, ukuphazamisa kwesimo sezulu, kanye nezindleko ezinyukayo . Ukuphakama kwezimiso zokudla zendawo kumane kukhule. Abaphathi bamadolobha abafaka imali kulezimiso manje abamane nje bathuthukise izitsha zokudla; bakha isisekelo sokuzilungisa futhi basebenzise ikusasa elingcono. Ngokuthatha amasu aqinisekisiwe, ukufunda emadolobheni ahamba phambili, kanye nezinselele zobuchwepheshe, abaphathi bedolobha bangazenza amaqhawe angawathuthukisanga ngempela amaphemu okudla okudla.