Isimiso somthetho e-United States sakhiwe phezu kwesisekelo sezimiso eziyinkimbinkimbi, imithetho enzima, nomthetho wecala ongakhungathekisa noma ubani ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa okungokomthetho. Ama-Athorney, ayaziwa futhi njengabameli, asebenza njengebhuloho elibalulekile phakathi kwesimiso sobulungisa nabantu ngabanye noma izinhlangano ezibusayo. Indima yabo ingaphezulu kakhulu kunanoma ubani ongase adinge ukuphikisana nje ngezindaba enkantolo; bangabeluleki, abaqondisi, abaphathi, nabagcini bamalungelo abanamakhasi babo kuzo zonke izigaba zendaba ezingokomthetho. Ukuqonda imithwalo yemfanelo ehlukahlukeneyo yabameli nendlela abahamba ngayo enkantolo kugxeka noma ubani ongase adingenele ukungenela isimiso somthetho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungummeli, ummelelindi, noma omunye ummeleli.

Imithwalo Yemfanelo Yabathathi - mlilo

Nakuba umbono othandwayo wommeli ugxila ekumangalelweni kwenkantolo, iqiniso liwukuthi umsebenzi omningi ongokomthetho uyenzeka ngaphandle kwenkantolo. Abaphathi bama-Attorney baboshwe imithetho yezimiso zezimiso zezimiso zezimiso eziphambili ezidinga ikhono, ukukhuthala, nokuthembeka kumakhasimende abo. Imithwalo yabo yemfanelo ingahlanganiswa ezindaweni eziningana eziyinhloko eziqinisekisa inqubo engokomthetho ngokulinganayo nangempumelelo.

Iseluleko Nokwelulekwa Okungokomthetho

Enye yemisebenzi eyinhloko yommeli iwukunikeza iseluleko somthetho esinolwazi. Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlaziya isimo sekhasimende, ukuhlola imithetho esebenzayo, nokuchaza imiphumela nezingozi zezifundo ezihlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, umnini-bhizinisi ocabangela ukuhlanganiswa kweqembu uncike elulekweni lwenkampani ukuze anikeze iseluleko esimelene nemithetho yesivumelwano, izimvume zesivumelwano, nokulalela. Ngaphandle kweseluleko esingokomthetho, abantu nezinhlangano zingazenza izinqumo ezibabeka engozini, ukudilizwa, noma ukulahlekelwa kwemali.

Ukuphothulwa Nokubukezwa Kwamadokhumende

Ama-athorney adweba futhi abukeze uhlu olubanzi lwezincwadi zomthetho, kuhlanganise nezivumelwano, izibopho, ukukholeka, ukuncenga, nezivumelwano zokulungisa. Isivumelwano ngolimi sikhulu; isivumelwano esingasetshenziswanga kahle singaholela ezimpikiswaneni, kuyilapho incwadi ecacile nebanzi ingavimbela ukuphikiswa. Ama-Attorney aqinisekisa futhi ukuthi imibhalo ivumelana nezimfuneko ze-statory futhi ibonise inhloso yekhasimende ngokunembile.

Ukuzilibazisa Nokuhlala

Izimpikiswano eziningi ezingokomthetho zixazululwa ngokuxoxisana kunokuba zixazululwe. Ama-attorney asebenza njengabasekeli babathengi bawo phakathi nezingxoxo zokuhlalisana, ukukhipha iziqu, nokulungisa. Bahlola amandla nobuthakathaka becala, ukukhokha izivumelwano, nokuxoxa ngezinjongo ezivikela izithakazelo zamakhasi. Amakhono okuxoxa aphumelelayo angasindisa abathengi isikhathi, izindleko, kanye nomonakalo ongokomzwelo wokuqulwa kwecala.

Ukumelelwa Kwentuthuko Engokomthetho

Uma indaba iqhubekela enkantolo, abameli bamelela abathengi babo ngokusemthethweni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukudlulisa izingcingo, ukwenza imiyalo, ukunikeza ubufakazi, ukuhlola ofakazi, nokuphikisana ngezikhundla zomthetho phambi kwamajaji noma amajaji.

Ukucwaninga Ngokomthetho

Ama-athorney kulindeleke ukuba aqhubeke nentuthuko engokomthetho. Aqhuba ukucwaninga okungokomthetho esebenzisa imithetho, imithetho, iziqondiso, imithombo elandelanayo ukuze asekele izimpikiswano neseluleko.

Izici Zomkhuba Ongokomthetho

Izisebenzi zomthetho ziwuchwepheshe kakhulu. Ama-attorney avame ukugxila engxenyeni eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yomthetho ukuze athuthukise ulwazi olujulile. Ukuqonda lezi zigaba kusiza amakhasimende ukuba akhethe ummeli ofanele ngezidingo zawo eziqondile. Ngezansi kunezinhlobo ezivamile zabameli kanye nezinhlobo zezindaba asingatha.

  • I-Criminal Defense Attorney: imelela abantu abamangalelwa ngobugebengu obusukela kumaphutha kuya emacaleni. Baqinisekisa abamangalelwa ukuthi bathola ukuphathwa ngokufanele, ubufakazi, nokuxoxa ngezicelo noma ukuqulwa kwecala. Babuye bacebise amalungelo omthetho-sisekelo afana nelungelo lokuthula nelungelo lokunika iseluleko.
  • I-Civil Litigation Attorney: Isingatha izimpikiswano ezingezona ezobugebengu, kuhlanganise nokulimala komuntu siqu, ukudilika kwesivumelwano, ukuxabana kwempahla, kanye nezindaba zemisebenzi. Zimelela ama-pallantiff (isuti egciniwe) noma abamangalelwa (labo abamangalelwa) futhi balawule zonke izigaba zokudlulisa izigaba kusukela phambili kwe-testry ukuya ekudluliseni.
  • Umthetho womkhaya Attorney: Ukwenza kube khethekile ezindabeni ezinjengesahlukaniso, ukuwinwa kwezingane, ukusekela kwezingane, ukutholwa, nobudlova basekhaya. Lokhu kuvame ukuhilela izimo ezingokomzwelo kakhulu, ezidinga abameli ukuba babe nekhono elingokomthetho nozwela.
  • Amabhizinisi aphambili ekwakheni, ekubuseni, ekubuseni, ekutholeni, ekuhlanganiseni, ekutholeni, ekusebenziseni, nasemthethweni.
  • Ukuthutha Attorney: usiza amakhasimende ngemvume, amakhadi aluhlaza, izinhlelo zesizwe, ukuxoshwa kwezokuvikela, kanye nezikhalo zesikhoselo. Umthetho wokuhlanganisa i-Immigration usekelwe kuhulumeni futhi ufanelwe yizinguquko ezivamile, ezidinga ulwazi olukhethekile.
  • Active Iprocess: Ivikela izinto ezisungulwe abathengi, uphawu, izimfashini, izimfihlo zokubhala. Baphatha izinhlelo ezisemthethweni, ukubhalisa uphawu, nokuphikiswa ngaphezu kokuphula umthetho.
  • [ I-Environry Attney: Izindaba eziwukungcola, ukusetshenziswa komhlaba, imithetho yemvelo, nokuthobela imithetho enjenge-Cease Air Act ne-Cuane Act yamanzi. Zingamelela izinhlangano zikahulumeni, izinkampani, noma inzuzo engakhi.
  • Ukuhlela ama-Attorney ezwe:[ Amakhasimende asiza ekulungiseni izinqumo, ukwethemba, amandla ommeli, neziqondiso zokunakekela impilo zokuphatha impahla yabo nezindaba zabo phakathi nokuphila nangemva kokufa. Basiza futhi ekuqondiseni i-probate kanye nokuthembeka.

Ubuhlobo Obumangalisayo Nomsebenzi Onzima

Ubuhlobo phakathi kommeli nekhasimende bakhiwa ekwethembani, ekufihleni imfihlo, nasobuqotho. Ama-athorney anezibopho eziqinile zokuziphatha ezilawula lobu buhlobo, eziphoqelelwa yizinhlangano zezikhulu zikahulumeni. Izimiso eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

  • Ukuzithethelela: Ngaphansi kwelungelo eliwummeli, ukuxhumana phakathi kommeli nokhasimende kuya kumacala amathathu. Lelilungelo likhuthaza amakhasimende ukuba avule futhi athembeke, avumele abameli ukuba banikeze izimpawu eziphumelelayo. Kukhona okungadingekile, njengalapho iseluleko sifunwa ukuthuthukisa ubugebengu noma ukukhwabanisa.
  • I-Confuct of Faith: Ama-Attorney kumelwe agweme ukumelela amakhasimende azithakazelo zawo ezingqubuzanayo noma ezithakazelweni zommeli. Kudingeka aqaphele izingxabano ezingase zivele futhi, uma kungenzeka, athole imvume enolwazi noma alahle ukumelelwa.
  • I-Atmorney: Ama-Attorney kumelwe abe nolwazi olungokomthetho, ikhono, kanye nokucophelela okudingekile ukuze kusingathwe icala. Uma indaba ingekho ochwepheshe bayo, kumelwe babhekisele noma bafaneleke ngokufunda noma ngokuxoxa nochwepheshe.
  • I-Diligence kanye nophawu olushisekayo: Ummeli kumele asebenze ngokuzikhandla okunengqondo nangentshiseko ekumeleni amakhasimende, kodwa ngaphakathi kwemingcele yomthetho. Abakwazi ukudukisa inkantolo noma bahileleke emaqhingani angafanele ukuze banqobe.

Lemisebenzi yezimiso iqinisekisa ukuthi abameli bakhonza amakhasimende abo nesimiso sobulungisa ngobuqotho.

Ukukhishwa Kwenkantolo Yangaphambili

Inkathi yangaphambi kokuqulwa kwecala ngokuvamile iyinkathi ebucayi kakhulu yokuqulwa kwecala. Ama-Atttorney aphethe izinyathelo ezilandelanayo eziklanyelwe ukuchaza udaba, ukuqoqa ubufakazi, futhi ngokunokwenzeka ukuxazulula icala ngaphandle kokuqulwa kwecala. Ukuqonda lezi zinyathelo kusiza amakhasimende ukuba aqaphele umsebenzi awenzayo.

Ukuhlola Nokuhlola Amaphutha Kokuqala

Ubuhlobo obubodwa bommeli buqala ngokuhlola kokuqala. Ummeli ulalela i-akhawunti yekhasimende, ubuza imibuzo ecacisayo, futhi uhlola inzuzo engokomthetho yecala. Lo mhlangano futhi uyithuba lokuba ikhasimende lihlole ulwazi lommeli nendlela yokuxhumana. Kulesisigaba, ummeli uzoxoxa ngamasu anokwenzeka, izindleko, kanye nesikhathi esingase sibe sesici.

Ukuqeda Ukukhononda Noma Isicelo

Ukuze kuqalwe icala, abameli bafaka izikhalo futhi bafake isikhalo (noma isicelo) enkantolo efanele. Lencwadi ibala izikhangiso ze-paltiff, isisekelo esingokomthetho sokulawula, futhi intethelelo ifunwa. Ummeli kumelwe aqinisekise ukukhononda ngemithetho ye-procedal, njengaleyo etholakala kuyi-Federal Rules of Civil Procedature noma i-mont. I-past iyakhonzwa ummangalelwa, okumelwe aphendule phakathi nenkathi ethile, ngokuvamile izinsuku ezingu - 21 kuya kwezingu - 30.

I - project

Ukuvubukula kuyinqubo engokomthetho lapho abantu beshintshana khona ngokwaziswa okuhlobene nendaba. Ngokuvamile kuyisimo sokusebenza kakhulu. Ama-Attorney asebenzisa amathuluzi amaningana ukuqoqa ubufakazi:

  • [ Imibuzo elotshiwe okumelwe iphendulwe ngaphansi kwesifungo. Ama-attrorney ahlela lemibuzo ukuze athole amaqiniso, aqaphele ofakazi, kanye nempikiswano elinganiselwe.
  • Izindawo:[ Imibuzo eyimfihlo yofakazi noma yeqembu elifunwe yisifungo, eqhutshwa phambi kwentatheli yasenkantolo. Ama-Attorney asebenzisa izikhombo ukuze abophe ubufakazi, ahlole ukwethemba, futhi athole ubufakazi obusha.
  • Izicelo zempumelelo: Izicelo zamabhukwana, amarekhodi omshini, noma ubufakazi obungokoqobo. Kulokhu kuthola, e-ivolutiony(i-inxenye enkulu yokwaziswa okugcinwe nge-electronic], ifuna abameli ukuba balawule imiqulu emikhulu yokwaziswa.
  • Izimemo ezicushwe ukudlulisa: izisho omunye okumelwe avume noma aphike, ezisetshenziselwa ukuqubuka kwezindaba zomthetho zokuqulwa kwecala.

Ama - attorney kumelwe futhi athathe isinyathelo ukuze aphoqelele ukutholwa uma umphikisi ehluleka ukuvumelana.

Ukuhamba Kwangaphambili

Lapho seliqedile, abameli bangabhala phansi izinyathelo zangaphambi kokwahlulela ukuze baxazulule izindaba zomthetho ngaphambi kokuba icala liqale. Izenzo ezivamile zihlanganisa:

  • Ukukhipha: Isu lokusho ukuthi isikhalo asisho ukuthi iluphi usizo olunganikezwa, noma ukuthi inkantolo ayinagunya.
  • [[NT.0] Umdlandla weSigwebo sesifushaniso: Umbango wokuthi akukho ukuphikisana kwangempela nganoma yiliphi iqiniso lezinto, futhi umthuthi unelungelo lokwahlulela njengendaba yomthetho. Lokhu kuhamba kudinga ummeli ukuba anikeze ama-ffidavits, i-firections, kanye nobunye ubufakazi.
  • [Motion in Limine: ifuna ukukhipha ubufakazi obuthile ekuqulweni kwecala, njengezinto ezicwasanayo noma ezingasasebenzi.

Umphumela walokhu kuthatha isinyathelo ungalithinta kakhulu icala noma uqede icala. Abameli abanekhono basebenzisa ukuthatha uhambo oluphambili ngaphambi komthetho ukuze bahlele indawo ezungezile.

Inqubo Yokuqulwa Komthetho

Uma icala lingaxazululwa ngokulungisa noma ngokuthatha isinyathelo secala ngaphambi kokuba liqulwe, liqhubeke liqulwa icala. Icala liyimpikiswano engokomthetho phambi komahluleli (ukuqulwa kwecala) noma ijaji. Ama-Attorney afeza indima eyinhloko ekunikezeni icala lekhasimende lawo futhi aphikise ubufakazi bokuphikiswa.

Ukukhethwa kwe Jury

Kumacala abahluleli, abameli bahlanganyela enkantolo eshaqisayo, inqubo yokungabaza abahluleli abangase baphawule ubandlululo. Zombili izinhlangothi zingabekela inselele abahluleli ngembangela noma zisebenzise izigaxa ezimbalwa zokuhlenga ukuze kukhishwe abajaji ngaphandle kokusho isizathu. Umgomo uwukukhetha ijaji elilungile nelingakhethi.

Ukuvula Izinkulumo

Ekuqaleni kwecala, bobabili abameli banikeza izitatimende zokuvula. Lokhu akuwona ubufakazi kodwa kuwuhlaka lwalokho abahlose ukukufakazela. Ummeli utshela indaba ephoqelelayo ehlanganisa ubufakazi obuzolandela, eveza ofakazi abayinhloko nezincwadi. Izinkulumo zokuvula eziphumelelayo zibeka indlela yokulungisa lonke icala.

Ukuboniswa Kobufakazi

Ummeli womphathi we-paltiff uhamba kuqala (emacaleni obugebengu, abamangaleli), bebiza ofakazi futhi bethula imibukiso. Ngemva kokuhlola kofakazi ngamunye ngokuqondile, ummeli ophikisayo uhlola ukuqashelwa kwecala ukuze ahlole ukuthembeka, adalule ukungavumelani, noma athole amaqiniso aqondile. Ama-atttorney kumelwe alandele imithetho eqinile yobufakazi, njengalawo mahemuhemu abusayo, asebenza, futhi agunyaze. Basebenzisa nofakazi abanolwazi ukunikeza imibono ekhethekile ngesayensi, ezokwelapha, noma izindaba zezezimali. Ukuhlola okungagwegwegwesi futhi okunga.

Amampikiswano Okuvala

Ngemva kokuba sebunikezeke bonke ubufakazi, ummeli ngamunye unikeza impikiswano yokuphetha. Leli ithuba lokugcina lokuncenga ijaji noma abahluleli. Ummeli ufingqa ubufakazi, aqokomise amaphuzu ayinhloko, futhi aphikisa ukuthi kungani umthetho usekela isinqumo esihle. Bangase futhi bakhulume ngobuthakathaka ecaleni labo futhi balwe nezimpikiswano zombangi.

Iziqondiso Nesiyalo

Emacaleni abahluleli, ijaji liyala abahluleli ngomthetho osebenzayo phambi kwabo ngamabomu. Ama-Attorney avame ukusikisela iziyalezo ezithile zejaji futhi angase amelane neziyalezo ezikhethiwe zenkantolo. Amajaji abese ekhipha isinqumo ngamabomu futhi aphindisele isinqumo. Ecaleni lasebhentshini, umahluleli uveza okutholwayo yiqiniso neziphetho zomthetho.

Ukudla Okulandelayo Nokuphangwa Kwama - democrate

Isinqumo sokuqulwa kwecala asiqedi indaba ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ama-attorney ayaqhubeka emelela amakhasimende ngenqubo yangemva kwe-testry, futhi uma kudingekile, inqubo yokunxusa. Le ngxenye idinga amakhono ahlukene, njengoba umkhuba wokudlulisa izimpawu ugxila emaphuthani angokomthetho kunokuba ugxile ezimpikiswaneni eziyiqiniso.

Ukuhamba Kwangemva Komsindo

Ngemva kwesinqumo, ummeli weqembu elilahlekile angase athathe isinyathelo njengendlela yokuthatha isahlulelo noma ukuthatha isinyathelo sokuqulwa kwecala elisha. Le mithetho iphikisa ngokuthi icala lalinephutha ngenxa yamaphutha angokomthetho, ukuziphatha okubi kwejaji, noma ubufakazi obunganele. Uma kuvunywa, inkantolo ingawuguqula umphumela noma ihlele ukuqulwa kwecala okusha.

Inqubo Yokukhanga

Ukudlulisa isahlulelo sokugcina, ummeli kumelwe afake isaziso sokudlulisa isikhalo phakathi nesikhathi esifushane (futhi izinsuku ezingu-30). Ummeli womphathi - mbuso abese efaka imfihlo ebhalwe echaza amaphutha angokomthetho futhi aphikise ukuthi kungani inkantolo ekhipha imvume kufanele iguqule noma ilungise isinqumo. Ummeli we-aumellee's uyaphendula ngokuvikela isinqumo senkantolo esiphansi ngokulandelana. Izimpikiswano zomlomo zingahlelwa, lapho abameli bephendula khona imibuzo evela kubahluleli benkantolo. Izinkantolo ngokuvamile zidlulisa amaphutha enkantolo futhi zibukeze imibuzo engokomthetho devoti. Uma isikhalo sesimemezelo singaphumeleli, ukubukezwa okuqhubekayo kungase kufuneke enkantolo ephansi (ngesikhulu) ngemibuzo yesicelo se-writectrite.

Ama-attorney adinga ukubhalwa okukhethekile namakhono okuhlola. Ama-attorney kumelwe akhiphe imibhalo eyinkimbinkimbi yokuqulwa kwecala ibe izimpikiswano zomthetho ezikholisayo, acaphuna isibonelo negunya lomthetho. Izifemu eziningi zinamaqembu akhethekile asebenza ngokuphambanisa.

Enye Impi Engaxazululwa

Akuzona zonke izimpikiswano ezingokomthetho ezidinga ukuxazululwa enkantolo. Ama-atttorney avame ukuqondisa amakhasimende ezinqumo ezingezona eziphikisanayo, ezingashesha, zingabizi kakhulu, futhi zibe yimfihlo kakhulu kune-ligita. Izinqubo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu ukuvela nokukhishwa kwemidanti.

  • Ukuhlanganisa: Ingxenye yesithathu engathathi hlangothi ilula izingxoxo phakathi kwamaqembu. Umlamuleli akaphoqeleli sinqumo kodwa usiza amaqembu ukuba afinyelele endaweni yokuzithandela. Ama-Attorney afeza indima ebalulekile ekulungiseleleni ukubuyisa, ukuveza isikhundla sekhasimende lawo, nokuhlola izivumelwano. Izinkantolo eziningi zidinga ukuxhumana ngaphambi kokuqulwa kwecala elithile.
  • Ukuhlanganisa: Isiphathi-mkhandlu esingathathi hlangothi sizwa ubufakazi nezimpikiswano ezivela kuzo zombili izinhlangothi futhi sikhipha isinqumo esibophayo noma esingabopheki. Izivumelwano zokuhlanganisa zivamile ezivumelwaneni. Ama-Attorney amelela amakhasimende phakathi nokuzwa kwezindlebe zomphakathi, okungakhonziwe kahle kodwa okungahlanganisiwe ngokomthetho kunemithetho esobala namalungelo esemthethweni.

Abakhangisi be - Attorney baluleka amakhasimende ngokuhle nokubi kwe - ADR, futhi benza izivumelwano ezichaza indlela nezinga lesinqumo sempikiswano.

Indima Eshintshayo Yobuchwepheshe Emkhubeni Ongokomthetho

Izemthetho zishesha ukuzivumelanisa nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe. Ama-attorney manje asebenzisa amathuluzi amaningi ukuthuthukisa impumelelo, ukunciphisa izindleko, nokunikeza inkonzo engcono. Ezinye intuthuko eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

  • I-ECPURY:[ Ukuphathwa kokwaziswa okugcinwe ngemishini (ESI) njenge-imeyili, izikhungo zezokuxhumana, namaphepha asemafwini. Ama-Atttorney asebenzisa i-software ukuphenya, ukubukeza, nokuveza i-ESI ngokuvumelana nezibopho zokuthola.
  • [ Inkantolo eqhubekayo: Izinkantolo eziningi manje zithatha amacala futhi ngisho nokuqulwa kwecala nge-tekniki. Ama-athorney kumelwe abe nekhono ekunikezeni ubufakazi nempikiswano kude, kanye nokulawula izindaba zobuchwepheshe.
  • [[NTL:0] Ukucwaninga okusemthethweni: amathuluzi anjenge-Weslaw ne LexisNexis anikeza i-memoner ebanzi yomthetho wezendaba, imithetho, nemithombo engaphezulu. Ukuhlakanipha okuwenziweyo kusetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlaziyeni imibhalo, ukubikezela imiphumela yezono, nokusiza ekubukezeni isivumelwano.
  • Isoftware yokuphatha:[ Ama-Attorney asebenzisa i-software ekhethekile ekulandeleni isikhathi, ekudluliseni, ekuqondiseni amadokhumende, nasekuxhumaneni nekhasimende. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukuhlelwa nenkonzo yekhasimende.

Ubuchwepheshe buphakamisa nezindaba ezintsha ezingokomthetho, njengokungafihli lutho, ukusebenzisa i - Internet, nokusebenzisa i - AI njengesibonelo esingokomthetho.

Isiphetho

Ama-athorney angamatilosi abalulekile esimiso somthetho. Kusukela ekuhloleni kokuqala ngecala nasekudluliseleni isikhalo, anikeza ubuchwepheshe, ukuqapha, nesiqondiso sokuziphatha okudingekayo ukuze kuvikelwe amalungelo abathengi futhi kufezwe imiphumela elungile. Umsebenzi wabo uhlanganisa ngaphezu kakhulu kokubonakala enkantolo .Ihlanganisa ukulungiselela ngokucophelela, ukucabanga okuhlelile, ukuxoxa, nokuqonda okujulile kwezimiso zomthetho kanye nomthetho osemthethweni ofakwayo. Uma ikhasi libhekene necala lobugebengu, lifuna imbuyiselo yokulimala, liqala ibhizinisi, noma ukuhlela indawo, ummeli onekhono ukhonza njengommeli othembekile nosekela intshiseko. Ngokuqonda indima yabameli efeza indima enkantolo, abantu ngabanye bangahlanganyela kangcono nesimiso somthetho ngokuqiniseka nangokucaca.

Ukuze ufunde ngokwengeziwe, i-Melikan Bar Association inikeza iziqondiso endleleni izinkantolo ezisebenza ngayo. Iwebhusayithi yase-U.S. inikeza ukwaziswa ngezinqubo zenkantolo kahulumeni. Izindinganiso ze-metains ziningiliziwe kuma-gcolor