Ukwanda Kwezibalo Ezingenalwazi

Ukubalwa kwabantu okuthatha isikhathi eside kungokokusetshenziswa kwesimiso sentando yeningi. Ukwaziswa kwayo kunquma ukubikelwa kwezigidi zezigidi zamaRandi ngokwezimali kahulumeni, ukuhlanganisa izigodi zezindawo zomthetho nezindawo zikahulumeni, futhi kumisa isisekelo sezinqumo zezimiso eziningi. Kodwa emijikelezweni yamuva nje, ukubalwa kwabantu kuye kwaba yindawo ehlobanisayo yokungaqondi kahle kwangamabomu nokungaqondi kahle kwezemvelo. Izinkulumo ezingamanga eziphathelene ngemininingwane yemininingwane yezindaba zokwaziswa noma ukusabela kokubhaliswa kwabantu ezingenisweni zomthetho noma ezilawula ukufuduka – ezisakazelela kakhulu emiphakathini, nasemphakathini ye-Forums, nangashosho lutho oluvamile. Okunye ukuqamba ukuthi lokhu kuhlanganisa ukungaqondisi kwemisho okunga, ukuthi kusetshenziselwa ukulandele izinjongo ezisezweni ezidumile, noma ukuthi ezingekhona ezingeni ezingenisweni ezingqondweni.

Lendawo iyingozi kakhulu kubantu abakhona ngokomlando: abafuduki, imiphakathi enemibala ephansi, abahlali abaholelwayo, kanye nezakhamuzi zasemaphandleni. Uma ukungaqondi kahle kugxila, kucindezela izinga lokusabela emiphakathini ekwaziyo ukuzuza kakhulu ekwazisweni okunembile. Ukuhlolwa kwe-202020 kweCentre for Urban Research kwathola ukuthi ukuthenjelwa kwamagciwane okungaqondakali okukodwa kokubalwa kwabantu kunganciphisa izinga lokusabela endaweni ezungezile ngamaphesenti amahlanu, igebe elithatha iminyaka ukulungisa eminye imithombo yemininingwane. Umphumela uwumphumela olingana kakhulu: imiphakathi engatholangatholangakhokhelwanga mali, ukumelela okuncane, nokungabonakali kahle.

Inselele ayikona nje kuphela ukuqashelwa kodwa futhi iwubukhombane obukhona endaweni lapho amaMelika amaningi ebika khona ukuthi awethembi kakhulu ezikhungweni zezwe, i-Facebook ye-post yomakhelwane noma indiza eshiywe emnyango ingathwala isilinganiso esingaphezulu kwewebhusayithi kahulumeni.

Okwenza Imithombo Yezindaba Yendawo Ibe Yizikhundla Eziyingqayizivele Zokulwa Nokwaziswa Okungalungile

Izinhlangano zezindaba zesizwe nezinhlangano zikahulumeni zingasakaza amaphepha namaqiniso akhishwayo, kodwa zizama ukufinyelela izibukeli ezingabazayo iziphathimandla eziphethe. Imithombo yezindaba yendawo inikeza isilinganiso sokuthemba ukuthi iziphuzo zesizwe ngokuvamile azikwazi ukulingana[. Ngokwenhlolo - vo yocwaningo lwe-2023 KightnFoundation, amaphesenti angu- 73 amaMelika athi athemba amaphephandaba awo endawo noma isiteshi somsakazo “isi esikhulu” noma“ isilinganiso esikhulu,” uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angu-38 kuphela asho okufanayo ngezindaba zesizwe. Lokhu kuthengwa ngobuhlobo, ukulingana, ukulingana, ukudayisa, nomlando wendaba yezindaba zendawo ngendlela ezwakala ibalulekile futhi ilandisa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izintatheli zendawo zinenzuzo ekhethekile yokwazi izilaleli zazo. Ziqonda ukuthi yiziphi izilimi ezithembekile, yiziphi izinkathazo ezidida kakhulu. Isiteshi edolobheni elifuyiwe sazi ukuthi ukwesaba imfihlo kwezisebenzi ezingabhalwanga kuhlukile ekwesabeni uhulumeni phakathi kwezakhamuzi eziqashwayo. Lokhu kuqonda okungenangqondo kuvumela imithombo yezindaba yendawo ukuba ikhulume ngokuqondile ngasese kunezinguquko ezivamile.

Ngo-2020, i-Census Bureau yase-U.S. yasebenzisana ngokusemthethweni nemithombo yezindaba yesizwe neyendawo nge- “2020 Census Communications Campaign,” kodwa umsebenzi ophumelela kakhulu wangaphandle kwaleyo misele ekhokhelwayo. Amaphephandaba endawo ahamba ethenga iziphetho zokulungisa [ ezasusa izigwegwegwe eziqondile ezihambayo ze-App ne Facebook. Iziteshi ze-radiom zabonisa ukuthi izilaleli zazingawungabaza futhi zithola ngokushesha, ephepheni yesikhulu sesikhulu sobalo. [i-Community trans yathwala iziteshi-'indlela zezilimi eziningi.

Izindlela Zokuxhumana Nemithombo Yezindaba Yendawo Zokuphikisa Ubalo Lwe - Misformation

Ukumelana nokwaziswa okunganembile akuyona nje indaba yokuthatha indaba eyodwa noma yokuthumela i-sethi. Kudinga icebo eliqinile, elinamasu amaningi abheka ukuxoxiwa njengosongo oluphikelelayo. Ngezansi kunezinqubo eziphumelela kakhulu zokukhipha izimpahla zendawo ezingazamukela, ezithathwe emikhubeni emihle kakhulu eyakheka phakathi nomjikelezo ka-202020 futhi yacwengisiswa ngokucwaninga kwezemfundo.

Ukusakaza Inganekwane Ngaphambi Kokuba Kuthathwe Izinkulumo Ezingalungile

Kunokuba lilindele amahemuhemu abangele ukuba igciwane liqhume, imithombo yezindaba yendawo ingalungiselela uchungechunge lwezingcezu “zangaphambi kwenkathi” eziphikisana namangala. Ngokwesibonelo, isihloko esithi“ Izinto Ezinhlanu Izibalo Azinazo Izeni – nenye I Big Thing It Do” ingasingatha ukukhathazeka okuyimfihlo ngaphambi kokuba ziqhume. Ukuyeka kuphumelela kakhulu ngoba kwakha [ ukumelana ngokwengqondo nobuqili. Inyuvesi yaseCambridge yabonisa ukuthi ukuchayeka imiyalezo yangaphambi kokwenza imibalo kunciphe kakhulu.

Ukuze kufezwe lokhu, izikhangiso kufanele zihambisane namahhovisi esifunda asendaweni okubhaliswa kwabantu abaneziqu noma abantu abasebenza nabo abangathembiwe abangenza inzuzo ukuze baphawule izinganekwane ezisakazeke kakhulu endaweni yabo. I-Census Bureaual's yeSifundazwe i-Refutional Censurebration Centers [ inganikeza ukwaziswa okuye kwavela ukulandisa okunganembile endaweni ethile. Ukudaleka kokulandisa okusemzileni kumelwe kube lula, okubonakalayo, futhi kuhlangane namapulatifomu ezenhlalo.

Amazwi Akhazimula Asendawoni Athenjwa

Amaqiniso avela kumkhulumeli kahulumeni angase adingeke, kodwa ngeke afinyelele kubo bonke. Imithombo yendawo ingakhulisa izithunywa eziphathisiwe ezithemba umfundisi wendawo ohloniphekile ochaza ukuthi kungani ukubala kuhlangene neBhayibheli nokunakekela abampofu. Lezi zihlanganisa abefundisi, abanikazi bebhizinisi abancane, othisha-sikole, abaxhasi bezempilo, nabaholi bezokuphatha izikhundla zobuthakashela. Ingxoxo yomsakazo nomfundisi wendawo ohloniphekile ochaza ukuthi kungani ukubalwa kwabantu kuvumelana neBhayibheli nokunakekela abampofu kungafinyelela izilaleli ezilaleleni ezifuna ukuzwa isimemezelo esingokomthetho.

Izikhangiso zokunyathelisa zingakha izinhlu ezivamile ze- “Community Limes” lapho izakhamuzi ezihlukene zihlanganyela khona ukuthi kungani zahlanganyela. Iziteshi zethelevishini zingaveza ubufakazi obungama-30 wesibili obusebenza phakathi nezindawo zokubona imikhumbi ephezulu. Isihluthulelo siwukuvumela izithunywa zikhulume ngamazwi azo, zihlelelwe ukucacisa kuphela. I-Audiences ingabona ukufica okungaqondakali; imithombo yezindaba yasendaweni kumelwe imelane nesilingo sokubhala lezi zingxenye ngokuqine kakhulu.

Ukusabela Okuhlukahlukene Kwezilimi Nesiko

I-mistinfontry ayizihloniphi izithiyo zolimi, kodwa imithombo yezindaba eminingi kakhulu iyayihlonipha. Ngo-2020, ulwazi olungaqondile oluyi-siNgisi lwadlanga ngeSpanishi-Awapp amaqembu eHmong, amakhasi omphakathi, namaqembu e-Arabic Language Facebook. Imithombo yezindaba ekhonza izifunda-zinenero eziningi kumelwe iveze okunezelwe ngezilimi emiphakathini yayo eyisebenzisa ngempela. Lokhu kusho okungaphezu kokuhumusha ukukhululwa kweminyuzi; kusho [[FLT:] ukubika kwakuqala ngolimi oluhlobene nolwazi olungokomthetho , ngokusebenzisa izibalo ezikhethekile. Ngokwesibonelo, emiphakathini ethile yesiLatini, ikhathalela ukuxhumana neziphathimandla zezokufuduka kungokunye ukuhlukanisa. Ingxenye yomsakazodwa echaza ngokucacile isivikelo ngaphansi kwesihloko 13 (ukuxhumana olungokomthetho) ingalimaza ngokuqondile.

Ukusiza, i-Census Bureau inikeza imithombo ngesihloko se-actics 13 [itholakala ngezilimi ezingaphezu kwezingu 60], kodwa imithombo yezindaba yendawo kufanele iqhubeke ngokucaphuna ngokuduma kwengcaphuno evela emalungwini omphakathi aye ahlanganyela futhi akhuthaza abanye ukuba benze okufanayo.

Ukwaziswa Nokulandisa Okunamandla Okuhlala Endaweni

Elinye lamathuluzi anamandla kakhulu elikhona indawo yokukhipha ingobo yomlando wayo. Uma isakhamuzi sibuza, “Kungani kufanele ngikhathalele ukubalwa kwabantu?” Intatheli ingakhomba indaba ethile ngesikole sendawo esekelwe ekubaleni kwabantu, noma isikhungo esiphakeme esandiswa ngenxa yokwaziswa kwabantu. Concrete, izibonelo zendawo ziguqula umsebenzi womphakathi ongaziwa ube yinzuzo yomphakathi engokoqobo. [[. Izihloko ezithi “Lokho Unyaka Wethu Wethu Wendawo Wawusekela Ezamukelayo Isikoleni” - izingxoxo zokwamukelela abantu ngeNhloko, izikhalo, izikhokhelo zezokuhamba, nemithola - inzuzo eqinisekile.

Ngokufanayo, ukuthatha imininingwane ebonisa ukuthi “Lokho Kungenzekani Uma Besingalahlekelwa Abantu Abayinkulungwane Kusibalo sethu” kungathatha idrama yezigxobo. Lezi zithombe zisebenza kahle kakhulu emithonjeni yezokuxhumana, lapho zingaphinde zihlangatshezwane khona nabathonyeli bendawo nezinhlangano.

Ukusabela okusheshayo ekuhlolweni kwesikhathi sangempela

I-Mistinformation ihamba ngokushesha. I-mistry yendawo ekhiphayo ayinakulungisa amanga ngemva kwezinsuku ezintathu avele; kuze kube manje amahlebezi aseye aqina. Amahlebezi kufanele amise i-protocol esheshayo [ ehlanganisa intatheli ekhethiwe noma umhleli ohlola imithombo yezenhlalakahle, umphakathi we-Forms (njenge-Pregood), namaqembu e-Facebook asendaweni afuna ukubala abantu amanga. Uma kuvela amanga, umngenisi kufanele afake ukukhipha icebo lokulungisa phakathi kwamahora amane – ngisho noma kuyiposi emfushane yezokuxhumana ezimphakathi ezikhomba indaba egcwele.

Ngo-2020, ezinye iziteshi zasebenzisa “ibhodi elinamaza eligcina izibalo ezivamile neziphawuliwe kakade eziye zachithwa. Lokhu kwavumela amaqembu abahleli ukuba abeke phambili izindaba eziyingozi kakhulu. Nakuba isimiso esinjalo sidinga imithombo yemali, ngisho ne-spreadsh efanayo engasebenza egumbini lokudayisa izindaba labantu abahlanu kuya kwabayishumi.

Izibonelo Zezwe Langempela: Okwasebenza Ngo - 2020 nango - 2010

Ukuhlola indaba emijikelezweni yokubalwa kwabantu yangaphambili kubonisa indlela imithombo yezindaba yendawo engenza ngayo umehluko omkhulu.

Umsakazo uBilingüe – Ulimi LweSpanishi Lufinyelela ELouvale California

I-Radio Bilingüe, i-net engazuzisi ye-Spanishi ekhonza imiphakathi yasemaphandleni eCentral Valley yaseCalifornia, yabhekana nokwaziswa okunganembile ngo-2020 kuhlobanisa ukubalwa kwabantu nokuhlasela kwe-ICE. Ekuphenduleni, umngane wenethilomu ne-California Complete Committee Committee ukuze akhiphe ingxenye yesihlanu yansuku zonke ebizwa ngokuthi El Censo y[. Umxhasi, amalungelo abafuduki abathenjwayo, uphendula izingcingo ezivela ezilalelini, ukulahla amahemumu ngomuntu oyedwa. Uhlelo lwaqondisa izilaleli ngenkathi yangempela. Ngokuphethwa kwe-Calbation, ukusabela endaweni ye-'iphatho [FFF] [12]

IPittsburgh Post-Gazette – I - Hyper Local Data Journalism

Ngo-2020, i-Pittsburgh Post-Gazette yaqala uchungechunge lwemininingwane ebizwa ngokuthi “iPittsburgh efundayo,” eyayisebenzisa amazinga okusabela komphakathi ukuze ibonise ukuthi ikuphi okunengxenye. Intatheli zaxoxa nezakhamuzi kuleyondawo ukuze ziqonde imingcele, khona - ke yakhipha izihloko ezisekelwe emibhalweni yomphakathi. Enye indaba eyayigxile ekutheni ukubala abantu akunamsebenzi ukuba baqashe. Ngokuxoxa nothile owathola ukuthi igumbi lakhe lokuhlala liholele ngokuqondile endleleni entsha yebhasi, iphepha laveza ukulandisa okushukumisayo. Umphumela waba yindaba ekwazi ukuphendula enxanxandeni ezintathu zemibhalo ye-ziplup.

IKCLU Umsakazo – Izwi Elithenjiswe Umsindo Esifundeni Esihanjwa Ngomlilo

Phakathi nonyaka ka-2020 wokubala abantu, i-KCLU yabhekana nomlilo ongokomlando owaphazamisa ukuphila kwansuku zonke. I-NPRconte KCLU yaqaphela ukuthi izakhamuzi zazigcwele futhi ziphazamisekile, okungaholela ekuphakameni kakhulu kunezinga elivamile lokungaphumi ngokomthetho. Esikhundleni somkhankaso ovamile wokuphuma ezindaweni ezibalwa, i-KCLU yahlanganisa ukwaziswa kokubalwa kwabantu enhlekeleleni yansuku zonke. Njalo ekuseni i-NPPromotence KClu yayazi ukuthi izimo zomlilo zihlanganisa “i-Census Corner” enokwaziswa okukodwa okungakho kungathi kungayiphendula kanjani i-ilayini, ukuthi ingakwazi kanjani ukushayela ucingo, noma ukuthi isivikelo sikhona. Umphathi wesiteshi waphawula ukuthi izilaleli zaziyayayaya esiteshini esikhuphukeni, futhi izihlweni eziningi zathiwa ukuba ziqaphele “umphakathi we-umphakathi we-onkenethi ezidingekayo ngemva kwemililo.

Imithombo yezindaba yendawo ayiyona nje i-message yamaqiniso okubala – iyibhuloho phakathi kukahulumeni nomphakathi. Uma intatheli ibuza umakhelwane ukuthi ukubalwa kwabantu kusithinta kanjani isimiso sesikole sokudla kwasemini somntwana wakhe, leyondaba izwakala ngendlela engekho mphathi wesikhulu owake wakwazi ukuyizwa.” – Umlawuli wesifunda sesifunda somphakathi (sakudala), 2020 Deccial Eclinic Exctstionstions[

Izindawo Zokwakha: Imithombo Yezindaba Yendawo Njengendawo Yokusabela Komphakathi

Akukho ndlela yokukhipha engayimisa ukusakazeka kokwaziswa okunganembile kuphela. Imikhankaso yezokuxhumana ephumelela kakhulu yendawo iphatha lendawo njengesikhungo esingenisa izikhungo senhlangano ebanzi yabafaki-mzabalazo emphakathini. Lokhu kuhlanganisa uhulumeni wendawo (ihhovisi likamabhalane, ibhodi lesikole), izinhlangano zenkonzo yezenhlalakahle (izindawo zokudla, imitholampilo), kanye nezinyuko zotshani (izinhlangano zezindawo zomphakathi, amaqembu okholo).

Izinyathelo eziwusizo zokwakha umfelandawonye zihlanganisa:

  • [[UMTL:0] Ukuhlela isiqongo sangaphambi kwe-census lapho bonke abangani bevumelana khona ngokuthumela imiyalezo nangokuhlanganyela izinto. Ikhasi lokuphuma linikeza indawo yesikhulumi eveza umphakathi; abangane bomuntu banikeza ukufika kwasekuqaleni.
  • ihlanganisa ikhalenda lomhleli elihlanganyelwe. Ngokwesibonelo, iphepha lendawo linengxenye njalo ngoLwesibili; isiteshi somsakazo silandela ngoLwesine ngalunye ngemisebe yezilaleli; umthola-mpilo usakaza izindishi ngemithi yazo egcwele.
  • Iqukethe okunamathikithi[[FL:1]. Ikhasi lokukhipha lingaveza uhlelo olulodwa lwemidwebo, imibhalo, kanye namakhasi ayiqiniso ukuthi bonke abahambisanayo bangawabuyisela futhi, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi abahambelanayo banqamule iziteshi.
  • isho amahemuhemu ashisayo noma inombolo ye-Whassapp lapho umphakathi ungafaka khona izinkathazo, futhi i-paudio ingaphendula obala noma ngasese.

I- Kight Foundation inikeza iziqondisi zesihle ekwakheni lemifelandawo, futhi izikhangiso eziningi zendawo zathola lezibonelo ezibambisanayo ziphumelela kakhulu ngo-2020.

Ithonya Elilinganayo Nezindlela Zokulungisa Izinkinga

Ngenxa yokuthi imikhankaso yokubalwa kwabantu esetshenziswa ngesikhathi sangempela, imithombo yezindaba yendawo kumelwe yakhe izigijimi zokuthola impendulo ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi yini esebenzayo. I-metric efinyeleleka kakhulu yi-data yezinga lokusabela komakhelwane , ekhishwa amahhovisi amaningi e-Censureaunity Bureaution masonto onke phakathi nesigaba se-Creaualion. I-menu ephumayo ingabala indaba yayo ngokwayo ngokumelene nalawomanani okusabela ukuze ibone ukuthi i-correctrellate ethuthukisiwe endaweni ethile.

Enye indlela ukusebenzisa ukuhlola kobuzwe [. Isiteshi somsakazo singathatha inhlolo - vo emfushane: “Sicela i-Unication Bureau ithembise ukuthi izimpendulo zakho ziyimfihlo. Uqiniseka kangakanani ukuthi ukubala abantu kuphephile ukugcwalisa? (Ukwenza uhlolo oluthi lungagcwaliseki?)” Ukulandelela lokhu kuhlola phakathi kwesikhathi kuvumela isiteshi ukuba sibone uma ukubhala kwayo kushintsha izimo zengqondo. Ngokufanayo, ukuthembisa kwezokuxhumana nge-metrics – izabelana, ukuphawula, kanye nesabelo sokuhlanganisa abantu – ukubonisa ukuthi umyalezo uhamba ngemifela ethembekile.

Uma icebo lingasebenzi – ngokwesibonelo, uma inani elithile labantu lingasabele ekunyatheliseni izihloko – i-passpice kufanele ishintshe ngokushesha ibhekise kwenye i-emodule noma isithunywa. Ukukwazi ukumelana kubalulekile[; umjikelezo usebenza nge-wireal eqinile, futhi i-appoint enamathela ngecebo elingasebenzi kungcolisa amasonto ayigugu.

Isiphetho: Isicelo Sokuthathwa Kwezindaba Zasendaweni

Ukubalwa kwabantu akusona isenzakalo esisodwa sesikhathi esisodwa ekhalendeni leminyaka eyishumi. Kuyinqubo eqhubekayo yokwakha ukubonakala komphakathi nokuthembana. Ukungaqondi kahle ngokubalwa kwabantu kuqeda ukwethembana futhi kushiye imiphakathi ingabonakali. Imithombo yezindaba yendawo imi phambili yale mpi, hhayi njengomthombo wamaqiniso kuphela kodwa njengesisekelo sokuzichaza nokunikana umthwalo wemfanelo.

Amasu ahlelwe ngenhla – ngaphambi kokuba kusetshenziswe, ukunwetshwa kwamazwi athenjwayo, ukufinyelela kwezindlela eziningi, ukulandisa izindaba zendawo, ukusabela okusheshayo, nokwakha i-cedrone - ayiyona imithwalo yemfanelo engaphezulu. Ayiyona imfanelo engathiwa ikhona ekukhipheni noma yikuphi okuthi kukhonza umphakathi wayo. Ukubalwa kwabantu okungu-2030 kuyasondela. Isisekelo sokusabela ekwazini kokungaqondi kahle kumelwe sakhiwe manje, hhayi ngokushisa kobuhlanga. Izindlela ezifaka kulezi khono ngeke zithuthukise kuphela izinga lokusabela kokubalwa kwabantu; ziyoqinisa ukufaneleka kwazo futhi zijulise isibopho nezilaleli zabo.

Kubacosheli bezindaba nabahleli befuna imithombo eyengeziwe, i-Census Bureau’s Misform Research ikhasi iyinto ewusizo yokuqala. ISikhungo seMelika Press [Melikan Press] inikeza iziqondiso eziwusizo zokubambisana. ne-[FLT] Ucwaningo lwe-Precity Center [2023] umbiko we-Preciox 2023 ngenkulumo exoxilongayo nezindaba zendawo inikeza ukwaziswa okuwusizo ngezilaleli.