Ukuhlola I - media Elula: Isiqondiso Esinendima Ephakeme Senkathi Yezinombolo

Endaweni yolwazi yanamuhla, umehluko phakathi kwezindaba eziqinisekisiwe nokuqukethwe kobuxhakasheka uye waba nzima ukukuqonda. Umqulu wemininingwane osakazwa njalo ngomzuzwana. Ngokusuka ekuvulweni kwezihloko zezindaba kumphakathi kuya ekuhlolweni okude kwezinye izindawo zezindaba,(-requiters) ukusungula izinhlelo zokuhlola izimpawu eziqinile. Ngaphandle kwendlela ehleliwe, ngisho nabacwaningi abanolwazi bangabanjwa yizisulu zokunanela, ukusekela, noma ukulahla ingcaca. Lesiqondiso sinikeza ukubheka amathuluzi, amacebo, kanye namasu adingekayo ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthembeka okunenzuzo, ukunikeza abafundi, izakhamuzi, ukubheka ulwazi ngethemba.

Ukukwazi ukubhekana namaphutha akusona isici esibili; sikhona ngohlobo oluthile. Umthombo ungakholisa kakhulu ngohlobo oluthile lwezinhloso kodwa ungathenjelwa kolunye. Ngokwesibonelo, incwadi yezentengiselwano enolwazi olujulile lwezemboni ingase intule amandla afunekayo omhleli ukuze kudluliswe izindaba ezivamile. Ukuqonda lezizici kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuba ube umthengi onokuqonda kokwaziswa. Izihloko ezilandelayo ziqeda izakhi eziyinhloko zokwethenjwa kwemithombo yezindaba, imithombo engcono kakhulu yokuqinisekisa, kanye nezindlela ezisebenzayo ezingasetshenziswa ngokushesha.

Ukuqonda Ukubonakala Kusobala Kwemithombo Yezindaba

Ukwethembeka kwemithombo yezindaba kuwumqondo ohlanganisa ukwethembeka, ubuchwepheshe, nokubonakala kuwubulungisa bemvelaphi. Enhliziyweni yayo kunenkinga: Lomthombo ungathenjelwa ekunikezeni ulwazi oluqondile, olungakhethi, noluqinisekisiwe? Ukucwaninga okuvame ukuphula ukukholeka kwezinsika ezimbili eziyinhloko: imboni yezentengiselwano[ [ulwazi negunya kulendaba] nokwethemba [[FLT:] [[FLT]] [uth:] [ucwaningo] oluthembekile, ukubonakala, nokuswela kwemigqa efihliwe).

Uhlelo oluningana lukhona lokusebenzisa lemiqondo. Olusetshenziswa kakhulu yi-CRAAP Uvavanyo , isifekethiso esiwenziwe yi-librarianrs eCalifornia State University, Chico. Lumelela [[FLT:] U-Revrevance], i-Authority, no-[FLT] P [FLT] Pregpose . Ukuhlolwa isikhathi: kuyadingeka ukuba ulwazi lubonise izenzakalo zamuva? U-Revice uqinisekisa okuqukethwe yisidingo sakho ukuthi uyaludinga ulwazi lwakho. Igunya libuza ummemezeli noma ummemezeli noma yiziphi izici ezimfanele. Igunya lihlola imithombo, ukuvumelana nezizathu, ukuhlanganisa nezizathu eziqondile, ukuhlanganisa ulwazi, ukudayisa ulwazi, ukudayisa yonke i-CRA, noma ukudayisa yonke imithombo yemithombo ye-octive.

Ngaphandle kwalezi zinqubo zemfundo, ukuqonda imithombo yezindaba yanamuhla kubalulekile ngokufanayo. Izindlela eziningi zincike enkokhelweni yokukhangisa, ekuchofozani, noma ekuxhaseni okuvela ezinhlanganweni ezifuna inzuzo ethile. Izimiso zobunikazi bemithombo yezindaba zingathonya izinqumo zomhleli, ngezinye izikhathi ngokungeyondlela engabonakali. Ukuqaphela ukuthi ubani okhokhela incwadi nokuthi ikuphi ukucwasana okusemzimbeni kuyasiza ekubekeni okuqukethwe kuyo emqondweni ofanele. Ngakho ukuvumelana nokwaziswa okusha ngomthombo akunakwenzekangaminyelwa.

Izici Eziyinhloko Ezivimbela Ukuvuleka Kwegazi

Lapho uhlola isihloko sezindaba, i - video, noma i - internet, izici eziningana ezibucayi kufanele ziqondise ukuhlaziya kwakho.

Umthombo Wenguquko

Irekhodi lezindaba eligciniwe lezindaba ezikhipha izindaba. Izinhlangano zezindaba ezisungulwe kahle njenge Reuters, i-Associated Press, ne NPR zinobude besikhathi eside, izimiso ezingochwepheshe zezimiso, kanye nezinqubo ezisebenza ngaphakathi eziqondisayo. Nokho, ngisho neziphuzo ezithembekile zingawenza amaphutha. Isihluthulelo siwukuthi zikhipha izijeziso ngokucace. Ngokuphambene, umthombo onomlando wokuzilahla, ukuhloba kwezombangazwe, noma ukushukuma kwe-Active, noma ukuchaza okushukuma kwe-imfashiza kufanele kufinyezwe ngokuqapha. Amathuluzi anjenge- Ishatias [ict:] Ishatiemes Medias Medias Medias Media) noma [FLT:] Actives Biases [FFFF]

Umbhali Uyazikhohlisa

Ubani owabhala lesi siqeshana? Isihloko esikhuluma ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu esisungulwe yisazi sesimo sezulu eyunivesithi enkulu sinesisindo esikhulu kunosilo esibhalwe umbhali wenkululeko kawonkewonke ongenasizinda sesayensi. Bheka i-liness, bese uphenya izimpawu zombhali, izincwadi ezidlule, nanoma yiziphi izingxabano ezingase zibe nesithakazelo. Umlobi wesayensi yezinto ezingenayo incazelo noma engekho ngokuphelele unamafulegi abomvu. Ngisho noma umlobi uthembekile, hlola ukuthi banikeza imithombo eyinhloko noma bathembela ezimpahleni ezingenakwaziwa. Ukubonakala kahle ngombhali kuyisiciko sephephandabeni elithembekile.

Ubufakazi Nemithombo

Ukwaziswa okunamandla kwakhiwe ebufakazini obuqinisekisiweyo. Okushiwoyo kufanele kusekelwe ngokufaka umlomo, ukuxhumana nokuhlolwa kwakuqala, amabhukwana enkantolo, noma izitatimende ezivela kochwepheshe abathiywa. Qaphela izihloko ezisebenzisa izikhombo ezingacacile njengo "ochwepheshe" ngaphandle kokuziqamba amagama, noma lezo ezihlobanisa neminye imithombo engaphezulu. Umqulu othembekile ngokuvamile uzohlanganisa ukuxhumana nemithombo eyinhloko enjengezisekelo zikahulumeni, omagazini abahlolwe ontanga, noma umbiko osemthethweni okhushuliwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, hlola ukuthi ubufakazi bungobamuva yini ukusekela le mpikiswano. Emikhakhethini esheshayo njengobuchwepheshe noma impilo, ukuhlola okusukela eminyakeni emihlanu edlule.

Ukungaqondi

Yonke imithombo yezindaba inezinga elithile lobandlululo, ukuhlukanisa, nokukhetha izindaba. Umgomo awukona ukuqeda ubandlululo ngokuphelele kodwa ukuluqaphela nokuhlola indlela oluthinta ngayo ulwazi olunikezwayo. I-operactism ibhekisela ekubophekeni ekungakhethini nasekunembeni, hhayi ngempela ekwahluleleni uhlangothi. Ngokwesibonelo, isihloko esikhuluma ngenhlangano yezombangazwe kufanele sihlanganise izingcaphuno eziqondile ezivela kubo bobabili abahleli nabagxeki. Ulimi olusebenzisa izisho ezigxekwayo ngokomzwelo, ukubhuqa, noma izig., "exteristmist," "raphility," "hero" bonisa ukuntula ukulinganisela. [[FLT:]] [FLT:] [FL:] umehluko wemidadialo. [FLT] lungasiza ukuveza umongosi wokwa, kodwa kufanele lusetshenziswe njengesinqumo sokugcina iphuzu, kodwa kufanele lungasetshenziswa njengephuzu lokugcina.

Usuku Lokusakaza Nemali

Ukuphelelwa isikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu ezindabeni naselwazini lwesayensi. Isihloko segciwane eliphathelene nempumelelo yezokwelapha kusukela ngo-2015 singase singabonisi ukuvumelana kwamanje. Ngaso sonke isikhathi hlola usuku lokunyatheliswa kwezincwadi futhi uma lukhona, usuku lokushintsha okusele. Ezinye izindawo zihlela izihloko ezindala ezinezihloko ezintsha zokucofoza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ziqinisekisa ukuthi izikhombo ezikhonjiwe zikhona zikhona futhi. Ukusebenzisa imithombo yakudala ukusekela impikiswano yamanje kungalulaza yonke le mpikiswano. Emikhakheni enjenge-ibersecrebrary - resuredity, umthetho, kanye nokwelapha, ulwazi lungaphelelwa isikhathi phakathi nezinyanga.

Amathuluzi Okuhlola Ukuvuleka Kwezindaba

Kukhona i-ecumetics ekhulayo yamathuluzi namapulatifomu okusiza ekuhloleni imithombo yezindaba. Le mithombo isukela ezindaweni eziyiqiniso ezinziwa ngezandla kuya ekwandiseni okuyingxenye yenqubo. Ukuyifaka esimisweni sakho sansuku zonke kungathuthukisa kakhulu ikhono lakho lokuhlukanisa iqiniso nezindaba eziqanjiwe.

Ama - webhsayithi Ahlola Iqiniso

Izinhlangano ezihlola amaqiniso zihlola iziphakamiso futhi zikhiphe okutholiwe ngokuningiliziwe. Zivame ukuzimela, zingaphathi-khadina, futhi ziveza ngokukhululekile ngezindlela zazo zobuchwepheshe. Ezisunguliwe kakhulu zihlanganisa:

  • Izikhombo: ekuqaleni zigxile ezinganekwaneni zasedolobheni, amaSnope manje ahlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo eziningi zamahemuhemu amagciwane, izinkulumo zezombangazwe, ne-inthanethi yolwembu lwe-inthanethi. Inikeza ukucwaninga okuningiliziwe futhi ikhombe imithombo yesinqumo ngasinye. Ukuhanjwa kwe-Snopes [
  • FACTCC.org: Iprojekthi ye-Annenberg Policy Center, le ndawo ihlola ukunemba okuyiqiniso kwamazwi ezibalo nezikhangiso zezombangazwe zase-U.S.. Iya-ekhothodi yezibalo zokhetho. FactC.org
  • [[NTLT:0] I-PolitiFAC: Sebenzisa iPoynteter Institute engazuzi, i-Politifact imazinga eqiniso lezinkulumo zezombangazwe esilinganisweni sayo se-"Truth-O-Meter". Ithembisa futhi izikhulu ezikhethiwe. Ukugubha i-Politifact[
  • [[QT:0] I-Reuters Fact Check: Ingxenye yenhlangano yezindaba ye-Reuters, leli qembu lihlola amanga angekho-mthethweni owegciwane futhi lisusa izinkulumo ezingamanga ngokugxeka kweminyuziyali. I-Reuters Fact ikector[
  • Iqiniso ikeke[: I-Associated Press ihlanganisa iqembu elinikezelwe elihlola iqiniso elihlanganisa lokho okushiwo emhlabeni wonke, ngokuvamile ngokuhlangene ne Meta. Ukuhambela i-APCC Seck [

Ukufunda Ngemithombo Yezindaba Nemithombo Yezinto Eziyigugu

Ukufundisa ukucabanga okugxekayo umgomo wezinhlangano eziningi ezingazuzisi ezinikeza amathuluzi ahambisanayo, nezinhlelo ezibhaliwe. Izinhlelo eziphawulekayo zihlanganisa:

Amayaluzi Namathuluzi Azenzekelayo

Ukunwetshwa kwezinqola eziningana kungasheshisa inqubo yokuhlola okuthenjwayo ngokubheka umongo njengoba ubheka:

  • NewsGuard: Lokhu kwangaphandle kunikeza "Ilebhile" kumawebhusayithi ezindaba, kuzibeka ngokwezimiso ezinjengokukhanya, ukwethemba, nokulandisa. Futhi kufaka uphawu olubomvu/oluluhlaza okwengcaca eduze kokuxhumanisa imiphumela yokufuna kanye nezokuxhumana. I-vector News Watch Towers[
  • B.Umtholi: Isenezelo sokuhlola ukuthi indawo ibhekwa njengengenakwethenjelwa yini amaqembu aqaphe izindaba. Idonsa imithombo engakhomba amanga ezindaweni zezokuxhumana.
  • Imedia Bias/Fact Hlola Isiyaluzi Isilinganiso: Faka ukwaziswa okuvela ku-Media Bias/Fact i-metarch, kubonisa isilinganiso sobandlululo nezibalo eziyiqiniso zezinkulungwane zama-webhusayithi.
  • Phendula Amathuluzi Okuhlola isithombe: Sebenzisa izithombe zeGoogle, , TINEY[, noma izithombe [[FLT]]Andex [ ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isithombe sishintshiwe, sithathwe emongweni, noma sisetshenziswe esenzweni ngaphambili. Donsa isithombe sifakwe emhumeni wokuhlola ukuze uthole umthombo waso wokuqala.

Ukuqinisekiswa Kwe - video Nomsindo

Ama-midroke futhi asetshenziswa ngokuningi kwemimeseve kukhula izinsongo. Amathuluzi anjengaye. I-InVID-Wevernig (ukwandiswa kwemibhoshongo yezintatheli) kukuvumela ukuba uhlole imetameter ye-YouTube video, wenze i-frame-yiphrame-metam, futhi ubuye uhlaziye izihloko eziyinhloko. Umqondo, cabangela ukusebenzisa [[FLT:]] Amnesne Memote We YouTube Tech Internationaler ukukhipha ukushintshwa nokufakwa kwemishicicelo. Ukuhlala phambili kwezelelwa kwezemishicisho enziswayo kudinga ukufunda njalo, kodwa isimiso esiyisisekelo sihlala njalo: [[FLD:] njalo]

Izinyathelo Ezithuthukile Zokuhlola Okubucayi

Ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amathuluzi anikezelwe, ukwamukela izinto ezifanele kungakulola ukwahlulela kwakho.

Ukufunda Kwamuva

Ukufunda okulandelayo kuyisu lapho, esikhundleni sokuchitha isikhathi emthonjeni owodwa, uvula ama-tab amasha ama-ack ukuze ucwaninge imvelaphi ngokwayo. Kwathandwa ukucwaninga kwe-Stanford History Education Group' kochwepheshe kokuhlola ulwazi. Kunokuba ucuphe uqonde uqonde nge-website engajwayelekile, "ukwenza" ukuthola ukuthi imiphi eminye imithombo ethembekile eshoyo ngaleyo ndawo ngedumela layo, ukusekela imali, kanye nomkhondo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma uhlangana nesihloko sithi isidakamizwa esithile siyingozi, vula i-tab entsha bese uhlola igama lencwadi + "controvers" noma "icebo" lenqubo yembula ngokushesha ukuthi imithombo ethembekile isekela noma i-obbdmistting.

Chofoza i-panet

Phambi kokuchofoza kunoma yimuphi umxhumano emiphumeleni, sebenzisa ibhanoyi ngokuhlola yonke imiphumela ekhasini. Bheka ama-02, amagama ezindawo, nezinsuku. Gwema isilingo sokuvula ngokushesha umphumela ophezulu, njengoba ingakhishwe noma ithathwe ku-aggregi-legie engalingani. Abahloli beqiniso abangochwepheshe bavame ukuyeka imiphumela emihlanu kuya kweyishumi futhi esikhundleni salokho babheke izindawo ezaziwayo, ezigunyaziwe. Lendlela inciphisa ithonya le-SEO futhi ixhaswe yilokho okuqukethwe yikho.

Indlela Yokusebenzisa ISIFU

Njengoba yasungulwa uMike Caulfield, indlela yesiFT iyinqubo ethatha izinyathelo ezine yokuhlaziya ukwaziswa okukuyi - Internet:

  • [[UMTL:0] Meka[: Misa ngaphambi kokuba uhlanganyele noma ukholelwe okuthile okushiwoyo. Zibuze ukuthi uyawazi yini umthombo noma umongo.
  • [ Hlanganisa umthombo [: Sebenzisa ukufunda okulandelayo ukuze ufunde ngomlobi, incwadi, kanye nokwethembeka kwabo.
  • Thola ukhombo oluthenjwayo: Esikhundleni sokuhlaziya isihloko sokuqala ngokujule, funa ukubika emthonjeni omisiwe ngesihloko esifanayo.
  • isho, ingcaphuno, nemithombo yezindaba emongweni wokuqala: Thola umthombo oyinhloko wanoma yiziphi izingcaphuno, izibalo, noma isithombe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ayizange ikhonjwe kabi.

Inqubo yeSIFT iwusizo ikakhulukazi ezikhungweni zezokuxhumana, lapho umongo ngokuvamile ukhutshazwa khona. Ukuyisebenzisa kuthatha isikhathi esingaphansi komzuzu kodwa kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokudukiswa.

Ukufuna Ukukhokha Nokuba Umnikazi

Ukuqonda ukuthi ubani okhokhela incwadi kubonisa ukuthatheka okungase kwenzeke. Amawebhusayithi amaningi afihla abaxhasi bawo noma amalungu ebhodi. Funa ikhasi "Ngethu" elihlanganisa amazwi okuthunywa, imithombo yokuxhasa izimali, nezimiso zokuhlela. Amagumbi okuhlela angenzi nzuzo ngokuvamile obala abanikeli bezincwadi. Imithombo yezindaba ebhaliwe ingase ibe nesimiso somhleli esishiwo kodwa ingabhekana nokucindezela komkhangisi. Ezesayensini noma kwezesayensi, hlola ukuthi ukucwaninga kusekelwe enkampanini ezuzayo emphumeleni oqondile. [[FLT:] i-complectives projectivessss productives[ (odokotela]) kanye [FLT] ne[FLT] imithombo yezo]

Ama - pithieps Avamile Nezinhlayiya Zemisebe

Ngisho noma kusetshenziswa amathuluzi angcono kakhulu, ukusebenza kwengqondo yomuntu kunganciphisa ukuqashelwa kokwethembeka.

Ukuqinisekisa I - Bias

Ukuthambekela kokufuna nokukholelwa ukwaziswa okuqinisekisa izinkolelo ezikhona ngaphambili kungomunye wabashayeli abanamandla kakhulu abahlanganyela okungaqondi kahle. Uma ufunda isihloko esinomuzwa "olungile" noma esanelisayo, yima ubuze: ngingakukholelwa lokhu uma bekuphikisana nemibono yami? funa ngentshiseko imibono ephikisayo emithonjeni ethembekile ukuze uhlole amandla esikhundla sakho.

Umphumela Weqiniso Eliwukukhohlisa

Ukuchayeka ngokuphindaphindiwe ekutheni usho okuthile kwenza kube yiqiniso kakhulu, ngisho noma kungamanga. Yingakho iziqubulo zezombangazwe nama-meme amagciwane kuphumelela kakhulu. Yilwa nalokhu ngokuqinisekisa noma yikuphi ukusho ohlangabezana nakho kaningi, ikakhulukazi uma kuhambisana nemibono yakho yomhlaba. Sebenzisa izisethi zokuhlola iqiniso ukuze ubone ukuthi ukusho kwakho sekuye kwachithwa.

I - cascade Etholakala Ngokwanele

Izindaba ezicasulayo zikhumbuleka kalula kunezibalo ezomile. Izindaba ezidayiswayo zingasebenzisa lokhu ngokuhlanganisa izenzakalo ezivusa amadlingozi ngokungenakulinganiswa, zibangele umbono osontekile wengozi. Lapho kucatshangelwa izindaba, uhlukanisa phakathi kokwanda kwesenzakalo nokunaka esikutholayo. Funa amazinga ayisisekelo nemininingwane yezibalo ukuze ubeke incazelo eqondile.

Ukucabanga Okushukumisayo

Uma abantu besengozini enkulu engokomzwelo noma engokwezimali ngenxa yomphumela othile, bangase bathethelele ngokungaqondi ukwamukela ubufakazi obubuthakathaka. Lokhu kuvamile ezimpikiswaneni eziphathelene nezithasiselo zempilo, amathuba okutshala imali, noma abafuna ukutshala izimali. Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe igalelo lokwaziswa, hlola ukuthi isifiso sakho sesiphetho esithile sikwenza uhlulele yini.

Isiphetho

Ukuhlola ukuthembeka kwemithombo yezindaba akulona ikhono elilodwa kodwa ukuqapha iqoqo lemikhuba, amathuluzi, kanye nezingqondo ezigxekayo. Ezweni lapho noma ubani engasakaza khona okwaneliswa ngokufinyelela kwembulunga yonke, umthwalo wemfanelo wokuqinisekisa umfundi ngamunye. Ngokusebenzisa amapulani anjenge-CRAAP Test ne-SIFT, ukusebenzisa izinkonzo ezingokoqobo kanye nokuhlola, futhi nokuqaphela ubandlululo lwakho siqu, ungaba umthengi onamandla kakhulu wolwazi. Lemicikilisho ayithuthukisi nje kuphela imfundo nobuchwepheshe kodwa futhi iqinisa izingxoxo zentando yentando yeningi, njengoba isakhemizwa esifundile siyisisekelo somphakathi esisebenzayo. Sizimisele ukufunda ngokuqhubekayo: amazwe, futhi kumelwe sikwenze kanjalo ukusungula. Namuhla ngokuhlola ingxenye eyodwa yezindaba ezichazwe ngenhla, futhi kwakhela amakhono abalulekile.