Isingeniso: Ithonya Elikhulayo Lesayensi Yezakhamuzi Emthethweni Wamanzi

Amanzi ayisisekelo sokuphila, kodwa ukulawula izinga lawo nokutholakala kwawo kusenye yezinselele eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ezibhekene nohulumeni, izimboni, nemiphakathi emhlabeni wonke. Ukuhlola nokuthuthukisa izimiso ngokuvamile kuxhomeke entweni elinganiselwe yesayensi, kuholela ekuncipheni kwemininingwane futhi kubambezele ukuvela kwezinsongo. Emashumini amabili eminyaka adlule, isayensi yezakhamuzi (ingxenye esebenzayo yokungathathi hlangothi ezingeni eliphansi kwezesayensi), ukuhlola okungokwesayensi (/ukuhlola) kuvela njengethonya elinamandla lokushintsha. Ngokuqoqa ulwazi lwendawo nentshiseko, isayensi inikeza izinyathelo eziphakeme zokuhlola ulwazi lwezentengiselwano, inyusa ukuqaphela komphakathi, ukuqondisa amanzi endaweni, ezweni, ngisho nezingalo zezizwe zonke. Lesi sihloko sihlola indlela yokuguqula amanzi, ukuqhakaza izinhlelo eziphumelelayo, ukuveza izinselele eziqhubekayo, nokuveza amathuba akhona ekwanezenziwa akhona ngaphambili ekuhlanganyele ekuhlanganyele ekuhlanganyeleni kwesinqumo emphakathini.

Ukuchaza Isayensi Yezakhamuzi Nendima Yazo Ekucwaningeni Ngamanzi

Isayensi yezakhamuzi ihlanganisa umphakathi emisebenzini yokucwaninga engokwesayensi njengeqoqo lokwaziswa, ukuhlaziya, nokuchaza. Engxenyeni yamanzi, izisebenzi zokuzithandela zihlola imifula, amachibi, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, nezindawo zogu lolwandle ukuze zikwazi ukumelana nezingangeni njengezinga lokushisa, i-pH, i-turbibibidity, inciphe umoya-moya, kanye nobukhona kwezinto ezingcolisayo njenge-nitrate, i-phosphates, kanye nezinsimbi ezisindayo. Lomqondo awumusha − awenziwa ukuwa kwemvula amakhulu eminyaka kodwa ubuchwepheshe banamuhla buye bandisa ukufinyelela kwawo. Smartphone, izinzwa eziphansi, namapulatimende aphansi asekelwe emafwini avumela izinkulungwane zabahlanganyeli ukuba banikeze ukuphawula okungazwe cishe kuphele.

Izinhlangano ezinjenge I-Geological Survey kanye ne-European Environment Agency manje iqaphela ngokucacile isayensi yezakhamuzi njengomthombo ofanele wokwaziswa kwendawo ezungezile. Lokhu kushintshwa kubonisa ukuqhubekela phambili ekubusweni kwezindawo zokubusa ngokwengxenye, lapho ukwenza izinqumo kufundiswa hhayi ochwepheshe kuphela kodwa nabantu abaphila ngokuseduze kakhulu nemithombo elawulwayo. Ukuhlelwa kwesayensi ngesivumelwano sezakhamuzi kusiza ekugcwaliseni izikhala ezibucayi zokwaziswa, ikakhulukazi emaphandleni asemaphandleni nangaphansi kwezindawo lapho ukugadishwa kobuchwepheshe kungenalutho khona noma kungekho.

Imishini: Indlela Isayensi Yezakhamuzi Ethonya Ngayo Ngokuqondile Isimiso Samanzi

Ithonya lesakhamuzi sesayensi enkambisweni yamanzi alikho ngengozi. Sisebenza ngezindlela eziningana ezihlobene eziguqula ukuqashelwa komphakathi kube yizinqubo zokuqondisa nokuhlela izinto.

Ukuvala Izikhala Zokwaziswa Nokuthola Usongo Oluvuvukalayo

Izinhlangano zikahulumeni ngokuvamile azinamali nezisebenzi zokunakekela wonke umuntu ohlala emanzini. Izisebenzi zokuzithandela zezakhamuzi zinganweba kakhulu ukuqhuma nokufinyelelwa kwesikhashana. Ngokwesibonelo, ama-alamu omphakathi angabona ukuqhakaza kwe-algal, ukulahla okungekho emthethweni, noma ukuphazamisa kwamanzi angenasawoti emasontweni amaningi ngaphambi kokuba kuhlolwe angokomthetho. Lokhu kuxwayisa kuqala kunikeza abasunguli bobufakazi obudingekayo ukuze kukhishwe imithetho yezempilo, ukugcinwa kwemigomo, noma ukuhlelwa kwamanzi. Ukuhlolwa kuye kwabonisa ukuthi ukwaziswa okuqoqwe izakhamuzi kungavumelana nokunenzuzo yamasampula ochwepheshe lapho ukuqeqeshwa okufanele nemithetho elandelwa.

Ukwakha Ukuqaphela Umphakathi Nentando Yezombangazwe

Lapho izakhamuzi zibukele ngokuqondile ukungcola noma ukuntuleka kwamanzi ezindaweni zazo, ziba abasekeli abanamandla boshintsho. Ukuhlanganyela ekuhloleni izinhlelo kufundisa izisebenzi zokuzithandela ngenqubo yesayensi kanye nobunkimbinkimbi babaphathi bamanzi. Lokhu kuvame ukusho ukuthembisana komphakathi, njengokufakazela ekuqulweni kwecala lomphakathi, ukuxhumana nezikhulu ezikhethiwe, noma ukuvota abaholi abakhathalela indawo ezungezile. Ngenxa yalokho, abenzi bezimiso babhekana nokucindezela okukhulu kokusingatha izindaba zamazinga amanzi okungaze kunciphe kakhulu.

Ukunikeza Ubufakazi Bezinguquko Eziqondisayo

Ukwaziswa okunamandla kwezesayensi kungasetshenziswa emacaleni enkantolo, ekuhloleni indawo ezungezile, nasekuqulweni kwemithetho. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwaziswa okuqoqwe yi-engile kanye namaqembu okulondoloza imvelo eUnited Kingdom kuye kwacashunwa ekubuzeni ngephalamende ekungcoliseni komfula ngenxa yezolimo. E-United States, i-Entronmental Protection Agency[ ikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwemininingwane yezakhamuzi ngaphansi kwe-Ceac Water Act, inikeza isiqinisekiso esinelisayo. Lokhu kuqaphela okungokomthetho kusho ukuthi izimiso zamanzi ahlanzekile zingaqiniswa ebufakazi obuqoqwe yizisebenzi zokuzithandela kunokuba zithembele kuphela ezinhlanganweni zezimiso ezingokomthetho.

Ukunika Izakhamuzi Zasendaweni Amandla Ezindawo Ezinemithombo Yemvelo

Emazweni amaningi asathuthuka, isayensi yezakhamuzi isebenza njengethuluzi lokuqondisa amanzi ahamba emphakathini. Abahlala eDolobheni abahlola imithombo nemithombo yabo bangabhala izinguquko zonyaka, izenzakalo ezingcolisekayo, kanye nemiphumela yokukhishwa kwezimboni. Ukuhloma ngalokhu kukhipha izimboni, baxhumana ngokuphumelelayo nezinhlangano zikahulumeni nezinkampani ezizimele. Lendlela yokulungisa i-papaparticotation ivumelana nezimiso ze-Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM), ezigcizelela ukuhileleka nokuthatha i-mzakhelo nezimiso ezihloniphekile.

Impumelelo Ephawulekayo: Ukuhlola Isayensi Yamanzi Ephethwe Izakhamuzi

Izindlela eziningi ezithathwayo emhlabeni wonke zibonisa ithonya elibonakalayo lesayensi ekubusweni kwamanzi.ngezansi kunezibonelo ezine ezivelele, ngayinye ibonisa izinqubo nemiphumelelo ehlukahlukene.

Umsakazo Wamanzi (United States)

Kusukela kuma-1990, izinhlelo ze-Water Watch zisebenza kuzo zonke izifundazwe ezingu-50. Izisebenzi zokuzithandela eziqeqeshiwe yizinhlangano zikahulumeni nezinhlangano ezingakhiqizeli ziqoqa amazinga amanzi anyanga zonke ezinkulungwaneni zezindawo. Ezizweni ezinjengoMaryland no-Oregon, lo kwaziswa kuye kwasiza ekutholeni amachashaza ashisayo ezokulima, okuholela ekuhleleni okulawula izakhi zomzimba kanye nezimfuneko ze-oral counter counter. Umnyango we-Maryland we-oseat we-ovironment usebenzisa ukwaziswa kwezakhamuzi ekuhlolweni nasekulungiseni imali. Impumelelo yalezi zinhlelo i-odolomende yezakhamuzi iye yakhuthaza ukwanda kwezindawo ezavelayo njengendawo encinyanisa ukungcoliswa kwezakhi nokungcola kwezakhi zemvelo.

I - River Watch (European)

I-European Union’s Water Framed Directive ifuna ukuba amazwe angamalungu afinyelele "isimo esihle sendawo ezungezile" kuwo wonke ama-aterbodies. Nokho, amazwe amaningi awanawo amandla okuhlola umfula wonke nechibi. I-Liver Watch, eqondiswa yi-Earnatch Europe, iqeqesha izakhamuzi ukuba zihlole impilo yomfula ngezindlela ezivamile. Abathathi-mfundazwe baqopha umlando wokwahlukahluka-hlukene kwemigoqo, izimo zokuhamba, namakhemikhali ancishisiwe emithonjeni yezweni yezwe ethonya i-EURhine izakhiwo nokulawula. Engini yoMfula, ukugawunga kwezisebenzi zokuzithandela kwasiza ekuthuthukiseni intuthuko yezinga lamanzi ngemva kwemithetho yezemisebenzi, kunikeza ubufakazi bokuqinisa inqubo.

Icebo Leganga – Ukuhlolwa Komphakathi ENdiya

I-Ganga’s River ingomunye wemifula engcoliswe kakhulu emhlabeni naphezu kwamashumi eminyaka yokungenela kukahulumeni. Eminyakeni yamuva, isakhamuzi sesayensi sihlela imisebenzi enjenge- Ganga Data Hub ihlanganise imiphakathi yendawo eqoqa imikhondo yokungcola, kuhlanganise nendle engafakiwenga kahle nekhushulwayo. Izisebenzi zokuzithandela zisebenzisa ama-appel ukubika ukulahla okungavunyelwe ngokomthetho nesilinganiso semithetho eyisisekelo. Lemininingwane yangempela yesikhathi inikezwe eSizweni saseGangabini futhi isetshenziselwa ukufuna ukulandisa ezimbonini zokungcolisa. Nakuba izinselele zisekhona, izingxoxo zokuthatha isinyathelo zisuka phezulu ekuhlanzeni indawo ephezulu ukuya ezihlelwani kweze ezenzwe, ubufakazi obusekelwe ekuhlolweni okuhlanganisa umsindo wendawo.

Ukuhlolwa Kwamanzi Omphakathi ENingizimu Afrika

Emuva kwe-partheid South Africa, ukutholakala kwamanzi nokungalingani kakhulu. Izinhlangano ezinjenge- AquaFound namayunivesithi endawo ziye zaqeqesha izakhamuzi zasemaphandleni ukuba ziqaphele amanzi azo ompompi nemifudlana eseduze. ECape Town, ulwazi lwezakhamuzi lwembula ukungcoliswa okungapheli kwemithombo yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba esetshenziswa imiphakathi engenisa imali, ishukumisela idolobha ukuba linikeze eminye imithombo yamanzi aphephile futhi lilungise amasu ayo okuphepha. Lokhu kubonisa indlela isayensi engalungisa ngayo ukunganakwa kwesimiso sokwenza izinto ngokunikeza ukwaziswa okunegunya ohulumeni abangenakukushaya indiva.

Izinselele Zokwenza Isayensi Yezakhamuzi Ithuthukiswe Enqubweni Yamanzi

Naphezu kwempumelelo yayo, ukuhlanganisa isayensi nesimiso samanzi esingokomthetho akuqondile. izithiyo eziningana kumelwe zinqotshwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukwaziswa kokuzithandela kuyakholeka, kuyasekelwa, futhi kusetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo.

Ubungako Bokwaziswa Nokubekwa Kwesimiso

Enye yezinto ezikhathaza kakhulu ukuthembeka kokwaziswa okuqoqwe yizingcweti. Ukuguquguquka kobuchwepheshe bokulinganisela, ukuhlanganisa imishini, nokuphindeka kwezibalo kungaveza amaphutha. Ukulungisa lokhu, izinhlelo eziphumelelayo ezisebenza kakhulu ekuqeqesheni, zinikeze amakhithi asesilinganisweni, futhi zisebenzise ukuhlola okusesilinganisweni okufana nokulingisa nokuqhathanisa. Uma ukwaziswa kusetshenziswa ekwenzeni izinqumo zokulawula, izinhlangano zingadinga ukuqinisekiswa okwengeziwe ososayensi abangochwepheshe. Ukumisa imithetho yendawo yonke yokuhlola isayensi yamanzi engokwesazi sesayensi, kunikeza lezo ezisetshenziswayo embonini yezesayensi yezesayensi yezesayensi.

Ukusekela Imali Nokusekela Okude

Izinhlelo zokuzithandela zivame ukuncika ezinkokhelweni zezimali, emikhankasweni yesikhashana, noma emikhankasweni emifushane evela emayunivesithi. Uma imali yokoma, ukuqashwa kwemitapo kunqamuka, futhi iminyaka eminingi yemininingwane eqhubekayo ilahleka. Ukuze ibe ingxenye ehlala njalo yokubusa kwamanzi, isayensi yezakhamuzi idinga ukusekelwa okuqinile ngokwezimali kwezindawo zikahulumeni, mhlawumbe ngokusebenzisa "ukuhlola" imigqa eqoqiwe ezinhlanganweni zendawo ezungezile. Izinhlangano zomphakathi kanye nokuqoqa i-unidipointstion ziye zasiza eminye imisebenzi ukuba iqhubeke, kodwa ukusekela isikhathi eside kuhlala kungubuthakathaka.

Ukulondoloza Ukuhlanganyela

Intshiseko yokuzithandela ingancipha, ikakhulukazi uma abahlanganyela bengakuboni ukwaziswa kwabo kuthonya izinqumo. Amazinga okuzigcina zisebenza lapho zihlola imisebenzi aphindaphindwa noma lapho iziphakamiso zibuthakathaka. Izinhlelo eziphumelelayo zigcina abathatha izinhlelo zishukunyiswa ukuhlanganyela imiphumela ngokushesha, ukuvuma iminikelo yemibiko, nokunikeza amathuba okuqeqeshwa noma ukuhola okuphambili. Amasuntswana (amanqamu, amabhodi aholi) kanye nezenzakalo zomphakathi nakho kuyasiza. Abaphathi bezimiso bangaqinisa ukuthembisana ngokumema izisebenzi ukuba zihambele kumakomiti ezokuqondisa noma ezinkonzweni zomphakathi.

Ukuhlukana Kwezinombolo Nokulingana

Izindawo eziningi zesayensi zezesayensi zincike kumakhalekhukhwini, kuyi-internet, nase-Inglais-ligine. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amakhaya, asebekhulile, nabangenayo abangase bangabi naso isilinganiso sobuchwepheshe. Izinselele zamanzi ziwathinta ngokungenakuqhathaniswa lamaqembu, ngakho ukuwakhipha kulula kulula imigomo elinganiselwe yesayensi yokuhlukanisa. Amakhambi ahlanganisa ukuqoqwa kokwaziswa, ukusekelwa kwezilimi eziningi, kanye nokusebenzelana nezinhlangano zomphakathi ezinganikeza imishini noma ezinye izindlela ezisekelwe ephepheni. Isayensi iveza izibalo zemiphakathi ethintekile ibalulekile ekukhiqini imithetho ekhonza wonke umuntu.

Amathuba: Ukuqinisa Ukuxhumana Kwesayensi Nezombangazwe

Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe nokubusa kuvula izindlela ezintsha zokuhlanganisa isayensi yezakhamuzi ngokujule ngokwengeziwe ekuqondiseni amanzi.

Imishini Yezinzwa Ne - IoT

Izinzwa eziphansi zezindawo ezilawula imingcele enjenge-turbidity, isimilo, kanye nomoya-oksijini onciphile ziyatholakala kakhulu. Uma zixhumene ne-inthanethi-of-of-scement (IOT), lezimishini zingadlulisela imifudlana yemininingwane eqhubekayo kumapulatifomu amafu. Ososayensi besizwe bangathumela izinzwa ezinjalo ezindaweni ezizungezile zabo kanye namabhodi aphilayo. Lenhlanganisela yesigubuzelo esibanzi nesinqumo esiphakeme sesikhashana sinikeza umfanekiso owenziwe ngemisebe yamanzi engenakukwazi ukulingana nayo imishini engochwepheshe. I-Policyter ingasebenzisa le mininingwane ukuze ikhiphe izixwayiso zangempela noma ukunikeza iziphetho-mfashini.

Ubuhlakani Obungokobuchwepheshe Nokusetshenziswa Kokwaziswa

Amanani emishini angayisiza ekuhlanzeni nasekuhlaziyeni ama-mitheki esayensi enkulu yesakhamuzi, ukuhlukanisa ama-system nama-omalies angenakukwazi ukuwabona ngesandla. I-Al ingahlanganisa futhi i-data yokuzithandela nge-satellite diology, amarekhodi angokomthetho, nezithombe ezibonisa i-hydrologic. Inyathelo elilandelayo lihlanganisa lezimiso zamapulatifomu njenga [ i-NASA's's' isakhamuzi sesayensi yesayensi yezesayensi [[ ibonisa indlela izimiso zokwaziswa ezithengiswe ngayo ezingasekela ngayo isimiso sokusebenza kohlelo ngokunikeza umbono obumbeneyo wemithombo yamanzi.

Ukusayina Imibuzo Yokucwaninga Ngezidingo Zesimiso

Kunokuba ishiye isayensi ihlele isayensi ukuze isebenze ngokuzehlukanisa, izinhlangano zamanzi zingabambisana ngokunamandla namaqembu omphakathi kusukela ekuqaleni. Ngokuhlela imigaqo yokuhlola esekelwe emibuzweni ethile yesimiso − njenge "lesi sitsha esigaxa sihlangabezana nomthwalo waso wansuku zonke ogcwele i-phosphorus?" noma "Kunjani ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu okuthinta ukuvuselelwa kwamanzi asemhlabeni kulendawo ehambayo?"""""Imininingwane eyenzekayo isebenza ngokuqondile. Lokhu kudinga ukushintshwa kwempucuko phakathi kwezindawo zokucwaninga ngengxenye, kodwa izinhlelo zezindiza ezisezindaweni ezinjenge Great Lakes neDanube Basin zibonise ukuthi kusebenza futhi kuyaphumelela.

Ukuqashelwa Ngokomthetho Nangokweziqu

Amanye amazwe amisa imithetho eqaphela ngokomthetho isayensi njengewumthombo osemthethweni wobufakazi. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Open Data Direct ye-European Union ikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa "kokwaziswa okunemininingwane ehleliwe" ekubikeni kwendawo ezungezile. E-United States, i-Bluessourcing and Citizen Science Act (15 U.S.C. 3724) iqondisa izinhlangano zikahulumeni ukuba zicabangele ukuhlanganyela obala emisebenzini yezesayensi. Ukwandisa izisekelo ezinjalo ezingokomthetho ezihlanganisa ngokucacile ukugadanisa amanzi kunganikeza isilinganiso esikhulu semininingwane yezakhamuzi ekuhleleni inqubo yokulawula, ukuxhasa izinqumo, ukuxhasa izinqumo zemali, nokulwa kwemibandela yamalungelo amanzi.

Ikusasa: Isayensi Enkulu Yezakhamuzi Embusweni Wamanzi

Uma ibheka phambili, isayensi yezakhamuzi cishe iyoba isici esiyinhloko sezimiso zokugada amanzi esizwe nasembulungeni yonke. INhlangano yeZizwe Ezihlangene ifuna "ukuhlanganyela komphakathi ohlanzekile" ekuqondiseni amanzi. Isayensi yezakhamuzi inikeza indlela esebenzayo yokufinyelela leso sisulu. Njengoba ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kukhula isomiso, izikhukhula, nezisongelo zokungcola, isidingo sokwaziswa okusheshayo, okusendaweni. Izinhlangano zikahulumeni azinakulinganisela ukugada kwazo ngokushesha ngokwanele ukuba zikwazi ukuhambisana nezakhamuzi ezibophezelwe.

Izinhlelo zemfundo yendawo ezungezile ezikoleni zihlanganisa ukugadwa kwamanzi njengemisebenzi yokufunda ngezandla. Lokhu kwakha ipayipi lososayensi besikhathi esizayo nezakhamuzi ezinolwazi ezizolindela ukuba sobala nokuhlanganyela ekubusweni kwamanzi. Okwamanje, izinhlangano zomhlaba wonke njenge- Citin Science Association ne-Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network zihlanganyela imisebenzi engcono kakhulu nezindinganiso zembulunga yonke zokuhlola imithetho yamanzi. Lokhu kuyokwenza kube lula ngabenzi bezimiso ukuthemba nokusebenzisa imininingwane yesakhamuzi ngaphesheya kwemingcele.

Ukuqondisa Okuzivumelanisa Nezimo Zokudla Nezimbobo Zokudla

Enye yentuthuko ethembisa kakhulu ukuhlanganiswa kwesayensi ekwakheni izisekelo zokuqondisa. Imishini ingamisa izinqubo eziqhubekayo ezivumelanayo: izakhamuzi ziqoqa ukwaziswa, abahlaziyi bakuchaze, amamenenja alungise izimiso, bese zihlola imiphumela yalezo zinguquko. Lo mjikelezo usheshisa futhi uvumele ukuqondiswa kwendlela okusheshayo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umthetho omusha kanyolo unciphisa ukubhoxa kwe-nitrogen, izakhamuzi zingabona intuthuko phakathi nezinyanga, ziqinise impumelelo yalesimiso futhi ziholele ezinyathelweni ezingcono kakhulu.

Ukwakha Ukululama Emiphakathini Ehloniphekile

Kuleyo ndawo ephansi, isayensi yezakhamuzi ayilona nje ithuluzi lokwaziswa kodwa iyimoto yokuzinqumela. Uma lamaqembu enokwaziswa kanye nokulandisa okukuwo, angabekela inselele imisebenzi engcono esongela ukutholakala kwamanzi. Izinhlangano zomhlaba wonke njenge World Bank ziqala ukuxhasa ukuhlolwa komphakathi njengengxenye yemisebenzi yokuvikela amanzi.

Isiphetho: Umthwalo Wemfanelo Owokuhlanganyela Ukuba Umphathi Wamanzi

Indima yesakhamuzi ekulolongeni izimiso zamanzi iye yakhula kusukela ekuhloleni izakhiwo kuya ekusebenziseni inqubo ebanzi. Ngokunikeza ukwaziswa okuqinile, ukwakha intando yezombangazwe, nokunika abantu amandla, ukuthatha isinyathelo emphakathini kukhuluma ngamagebe angenakugcwaliswa yizinhlangano ezingokomthetho kuphela. Izibonelo ezivela e-United States, e-Europe, e-Indiya, nase-South Africa zibonisa ukuthi uma izisebenzi zokuzithandela zihlonyiswe ngokuqeqeshwa okufanelekile neminikelo yazo zithathwa ngokungathi sína, izimiso zamanzi ziba zenza ziphumelele, zifinyeleleke, futhi ziphumelele.

Kodwa amasu awakho nakancane. Ukunqoba izinselele ezihlobene nesilinganiso sokwaziswa, ukuxhasa imali, ukuthembisana, nokulunga kudinga ukugcinwa kokutshala imali nokulungisa iziqu. Ohulumeni kumelwe bathathe isayensi yezakhamuzi ngaphandle kokubheka isayensi njengendlela yomphakathi yokusebenza futhi esikhundleni sokuyithatha njengengxenye eyinhloko yokubusa kwamanzi. Lokhu kusho ukuhlelwa kwemali, ukuthuthukisa izisekelo zomthetho, nokwamukela ubuchwepheshe obuhlanganisa ngokuqondile ukuphawula kwezisebenzi zokuzithandela ekwenzeni izinqumo.

Kulenkathi yokushintsha kwendawo ezungezile okusheshayo, ayikho into engahlola yonke imifula, ichibi, noma i-aquifer. Isayensi yezakhamuzi inikeza indlela yokusakaza, ukuphatha kwedemokrasi (izigidi zamehlo nezinzwa ezisebenza ngokuvumelana nososayensi abangochwepheshe kanye nabakhiqizi bezimiso. Impilo yemithombo yethu yamanzi, kanye nemiphakathi exhomeke kuyo, iyoxhomeka kakhulu ekutheni siwahlanganisa kahle kangakanani lamazwi emfundweni yamanzi.