Ukuqulwa Kwezindaba Zomphakathi Njengomshini Wokuqondisa Imfundo

E-United States, ukuqulwa kwamacala ezindawo kuyithuluzi eliyisisekelo lobuphathi bemithetho, ukulungiselela indawo lapho amalungu eKhomishane ehlola khona izinhlangano zikahulumeni, izinhlelo, nezimiso. Phakathi kwengxenye yemfundo, lokhu kulalela kubaluleke kakhulu, kunikezwa ukutshala okukhulu kukahulumeni, kulinganiselwa ku-R3,50 000 000 000 000 ngonyaka ngezinhlelo ezifana neSihloko, iHead Start, nePell Grants. Abacustom bavumela abenzi bomthetho ukuba bahlole ukuthi kusetshenziswe malini amaRandi abathengisi bentela, balinganise ukuphumelela kwezindlela zomkhakhakhazo njengalowo wonke umfundi we-Profethi (ESA), futhi baphendule izinselele ezifana nokulahlekelwa yizifo ezibangelwa yikhokhwaye yemfundo noma izikweleti ezibangelwa abafundi. Kude kakhulu, lezi zinqubo zenkulumo yenkulumo yomphakathi nezokushayela.

Igunya lokuqulwa kwezindaba zomphakathi lisuka eSiphakamisweni I soMthetho-sisekelo, esinika uMkhandlu amandla okumisa nokuqondisa ukukhishwa kwemithetho. Ngokulalela, amakomiti kokubili eNdlu naseSikhungweni (ngokuphawulekayo iKomiti yeNdlu yemfundo neKhomishane yezemfundo neScompatment, Emfundo, i-Orculations, ne Pensions (HELP), iKomiti yokuhlanganisa, ubufakazi bobufakazi bobufakazi bobufakazi, nokwakha imibhalo enikeza izinqumo zezimiso. Lenqubo iqinisekisa ukuthi isimiso semfundo kahulumeni asiyenziwa ngokwehlukana kodwa sivivinywa njalo ngokumelene nemiphumelo yangempela yomhlaba nemibono ehlukahlukene.

Izinjongo Zemfundo Evezwe Kanye

Ukuphatha Nokulandisa

Iphuzu lokuqala phakathi kwezinjongo ukuqondisa. Ukuqulwa kwecala kwemikhandlu kuphoqelela izinhlangano zikahulumeni, ikakhulukazi uMnyango Wemfundo, ukuba zilandise ngezenzo zazo. Amalungu amaKomiti angafuna izincazelo zokuthatha imithetho ethatha isikhathi, ukuthatha izimali ngokungeyikho, noma ukungaphumeleli kwezinhlelo zikahulumeni. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuzwa kuye kwahlola ukuphatha koMnyango wokubolekwa kwemali yabafundi noma ukugcinwa kwamalungelo omphakathi ezikoleni. Lo msebenzi wokulandisa usebenza njengendlela yokuhlola amandla empangosini ephezulu futhi usiza ekuvimbeleni ukukhukhuleka. I-Rosaumential Accounting Office (GAO) inikeza ukuphenywa okusekela okunikezwayo phakathi nalezi zikhathi.

Ukuthola Iqiniso

Ukulalela kusebenza njengamathuluzi okuhlola, kuvumela iziKhongolo ukuba ziqoqe ukwaziswa okungatholakali ngemibiko evamile. Uma kuphakama inkinga enkulu cishe ukukopela okusakazekile ekuhlolweni okuvamile, ukuwohloka kweze-inthanethi ezifundeni, noma ukuwa kwezimali kweketango olukhulu lwezenzuzo yasekolishi oluyikholi. Ukuhlolwa kunikeza iqophelo lomphakathi lokuthola amaqiniso. OFakazi abafungelelwe isifungo bangahlolwa ngokujule, futhi izisebenzi zekomiti zingahlola izincwadi ezingaphansi kwezezeze-injini. Lamandla okuhlola i-injini abalulekile ekuqondeni izinkinga zezimiso ezidinga ukungenela kwe-wistom.

Intuthuko Nethonya Lomthetho

Ukuzwa kubuye kube yindawo yokucwaninga yemibono yemithetho. Abenzi bomthetho bawasebenzisa ekuhloleni amanzi ahlongozwayo, ukubheka imibandela yezezimali, futhi baqinise ukuvumelana kwezombangazwe. Ubufakazi obuvela kuthisha, abacwaningi, nabasekeli basiza ekucwengisiseni ulimi lwezimiso ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe isikhwama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzwa kuvumela amalungu ukuba enze icala lomphakathi ngezinto zawo eziza kuqala, ukudlulisa ukudluliswa kwezindaba okungathonya umbono womphakathi futhi kucindezele abaphikisi. Inqubo isho idedeli eliyisisekelo, iletha uchungechunge lwamazwi − kuhlanganise nabafundi nabazali − ukuhlanganisa negumbi lokubeka inqubo.

Imfundo Yomphakathi

Okokugcina, ukuzwa kufundisa umphakathi nabantu abaphethe ngezindaba zemfundo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Izikhathi ezithengwa ngethelevishini noma ezisakazekile zingabangela ukuqaphela izihloko ezinjengokuntuleka kothisha, ukuhlukana kwamanani, noma ukuxhakathisa kwezezimali zesikole. Ngokuhumusha izimpikiswano zesimiso sobuchwepheshe zolimi olufinyelelekayo, ukuzwa kusiza umphakathi ukuba uqonde ukuthi yini uhulumeni wabo ayenzayo.

Izihloko Eziyinhloko Ezishukumisa Ukuqulwa Kwemfundo

Izihloko ezilandelayo zihlale ziphindeka, ngasinye simelela ukuhileleka kwemfundo kukahulumeni.

Ukuthutha Nokusetshenziswa Kwemali

Imali exhaswayo iyinto engapheli. Izindlebe zihlola ukuhlelwa kwemithetho yesihloko I (abafundi abangaqondisi), i-IEA (imfundo ekhethekile), ne-Pell Grants. Izingxoxo zigxila ekutheni izinhlelo zokunikeza imithombo yemali ngokulinganayo phakathi kwezifunda ezicebile nezimpofu, izikole zasemadolobheni nasemaphandleni, kanye nezifunda zentela ezihlukene. Phakathi nokuhlela imali, uNobhala wemfundo uvikela isicelo sezezemfundo, kuyilapho amalungu egqugquzela ukwanda noma ukugawulwa. Inqubo yemali yonyaka inqubo ephakeme kakhulu yezentengobo yezemali eyembula izinto eziza kuqala.

Izindinganiso Zokufundisa Nokufundela

Indima kahulumeni kahulumeni ekumiseni noma ekukhuthazeni izindinganiso zemfundo iye yaba yimpicabadala. Ukuzwa nge-No Child Lend Behind Act (NCLB) kwaqokomisa imiphumela engahleliwe yokuhlola okuphezulu, kuhlanganise nokufundisa ekuhlolweni nasekuvaleni izifundo. Muva nje, ukuvumelana kuka-ESSA ekuhloleni kuye kwahlolwa ngethonya lako ekuziphenduleleni. OFakazi baphikisana ngokulingana phakathi kombuso wokuzimela nokwengamele, kanye nokufaneleka kovivinyo oluvamile njengezinyathelo zokufunda umfundi.

Ukulingana Nokutholakala

Izindlebe ezihlukene ngokwezinhlanga, inzuzo, ukuma kwezwe, nokukhubazeka. Izihloko zihlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa kwesikole, ukuxhaswa kwemali okungalingani, ukukwazi ukuthatha izifundo eziphambili, nokungalingani. Ukwengamela kwe-Congregational kuphoqelela imithetho yamalungelo abantu enjenge-Title VI ne-Title IX. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuzwa kuye kwahlola ukuhlaselwa ngokobulili emakolishi, okuholela ezinguqukweni zokusingatha izikhalo. Ngokufanayo, ithonya elingalinganiyo leCHOVAD-19 ekutholeni inzuzo ephansi lishukumisela abafundi ukuba bazwe ngemfundo ekude ewundabeni yokuziphilisa nokudla.

Imfundo, Ubuqotho Bothisha, Nentuthuko Engokobuchwepheshe

Uhulumeni wamazwe ngokomlando ulawula ngokulinganiselwe uhlelo lwezifundo, kodwa abezwayo bahlola ukulungiselelwa kothisha, ukugunyazwa, nokugcinwa. Abamisi-mthetho bayabuza ukuthi uhulumeni unikeza kanjani intuthuko enjengesihloko II sokusekela intuthuko yobuchwepheshe nokuthi bathuthukisa ngokuphumelelayo yini imfundo. Izimpikiswano ziqubuka ngokufundisa ngezihloko eziphikisanayo njengemfundiso yezinhlanga egxekayo noma imfundo yezenhlalo engokwenhlalo, kanye nezimemezelo ezisebenza njengezindawo zokulwa amasiko. Ukuswelakala kothisha e-STEM kanye nemfundo ekhethekile nakho kunezici eziphindaphindwayo.

Imfundo Ephakeme Iphumelela Nezikweleti Zabafundi

Ayikho impikiswano eye yalawula ukuqulwa kwamacala kwamuva kunezindleko zemali ebolekwayo yasekolishi neyomfundi. AmaKomiti anezisebenzi ezibolekwayo ezibolekwayo, omongameli baseyunivesithi, nabameli ababolekisi abanyukayo, ababolekisayo, nomthwalo kubaboleki. Ukuvezwa kwalezindaba kwasobala kuye kwafaka iqhaza ezinguqukweni ezinjengokukhokha imali ekhokhelwayo kanye nezinhlelo zokuthethelela.

Ukusabela Nokululama Okubangelwa Ukusabela Komzimba

Isifo se-COVOID-19 sadala ukuphuthuma okusha kokuqulwa kwecala. UKhomishane waqondisa izinkulungwane zezigidi ekuxhaseni izikole ngemali ephuthumayo nge- CARES Act nangeziphakethe ezilandelayo. Izindlebe ziye zahlola indlela leyomali eyayisetshenziswa ngayo `eheater , ubuchwepheshe, ukufundiswa/ukufundiswa kwabafundi abaswele kakhulu. Ingxoxo ephathelene nokuva kwesikole, izifihla-buso, nokulahlekelwa kokufunda kuye kwaba ngokwezombangazwe okukhulu, kanye nokuzwa okuveza ukuhlukana okukhulu kwezenhlalo.

Indlela Izindlebe Ezishintsha Ngayo Umthetho

Nakuba ukuzwa kukodwa kungadlulisi imithetho, badala izimo zokuthatha isinyathelo somthetho. Ukuzwa okusobala kungakha amandla emali, kunikeza umbhalo ocacile odingekayo ukuze kuphawulwe amakomiti, futhi kudalule amaphutha emithethweni ekhona. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuzwa embikweni we-1998 Isizwe esisengozini Imizamo yemfundo ekhuthaza ukuguqula inguquko eyafinyelela eMgomweni ka 2000 Act nasemuva NCLB. Muva nje, ukuzwa kwesimiso sokuboleka imali yabafundi kwanikela eMthethweni we-Free Aid (FAFFFS]).

Ithonya lingenakuthatheka. Ukucwaninga kososayensi bezombangazwe kubonisa ukuthi ukuzwa kuthonya lokho okuqukethwe umthetho, ikakhulukazi lapho ofakazi benikeza ukwaziswa okuthembekile nezindaba zomuntu siqu. Abenzi bomthetho ngokuvamile bafaka ubufakazi ezikweletini zabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzwa kungaguqula ukuziphatha kwezinkampani ngaphandle kwemithetho emisha. Ukuhoxa kwemfundo [ ngokuvamile ngokuzisola kulungisa izinqubo ukuze bagweme ukuba abakhonziswe ngokungenazwela.

Ukulandisa Endleleni Esebenza Ngayo: Ukubeka Icala Ngentando Yemfundo

Ukuzwa kwe-Congress kungezinye zezinqubo ezimbalwa lapho isishaya-mthetho singalibekela khona inselele ngokuqondile igatsha eliphetheyo. Uma uMnyango Wemfundo uphuza ukukhipha imithetho esebenzisa i-ESA noma uhluleka ukuqondisa ukunikeza abamukelayo, ukuzwa kungaphoqelela ukuba kuthathe isinyathelo. Usongo lwe-subpoena noma uphenyo oluvamile ngokuvamile lusiza ukuchaza ukungathathi hlangothi. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuzwa nge- u-GAO’s [ umphumela wokuphatha kabi kuhlelo lwe-Pelg Grant luholela ekulawuleni okuqinayo. Ngokufanayo, ukuzwa kwe-PUFLT:2] GARPA [FLT] [Esibonelo] ukuvithwa kwezethusa-mfihlo okuqinileyo eyimfihlo ye-data yomfundi.

Izindaba Eziphawulekayo Ezingokomlando Ezashintsha Imfundo

I - No Child Lend Behind Act Reader Livings (2001)

Ekuqaleni kwawo - 2000, uchungechunge lwezindaba lwabeka isisekelo seNCLB. oFakazi baqokomisa igebe elifezwayo phakathi kwabafundi abamhlophe nabambalwa, okwaholela ekugcizelelweni komthetho ekuhlukaniseni ukwaziswa nokuhlola kwaminyaka yonke. Izindlebe zadalula ukumelana okuvela ezindaweni kuya ekulandiseni kombuso, ukungezwani okuqhubekayo namuhla.

Inkinga Yezikweletu Yomfundi ILoan Izwakala (200s·2020)

Kusukela ekuweni kwamaCollege aseKorinte ngo-2015, ukuthethwa kwecala kwaveza ukukhwabanisa okusakazeke kakhulu engxenyeni yenzuzo. Izikhulu zamuva zahlola kokubili ihlazo lokulungisa i-Trump neBiden, izinhlelo zenkonzo ye-Public Service Loan Recorence program nokuhluleka kwemali eboletwayo esemthethweni. Lokhu kuthethwa kwathonya ngokuqondile imithetho yokukhokha ababoleki kanye nezimpi zomthetho zokuthethelela.

ICHOVAD - 19 School Clombures neRealog Loss (2020-2022)

Lokhu kuqulwa kwamacala kwakungakaze kubonwe ekuphuthumani kwabo. OFakazi babehlanganisa izikhulu zezempilo zomphakathi, abaholi benyunyana yothisha, abazali, nabafundi. Ubufakazi baqokomisa ukwehluka kwendlela yokufunda ekude, ukulimala kwempilo yengqondo ezinganeni, nokusebenza kwezimali zosizo zikahulumeni. Umthetho owaba umphumela wahlanganisa i-American Replation Plan yezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-222 (R1,42 000) zezikole, kanye namalungiselelo okungenela kobufakazi.

Ukulalela Izihloko Zomjaho Obucayi Nempikiswano Engokwesimiso Sezokuhlola (2021 - 2023)

Izindlebe ezigcwele ukuviva zahlola indlela umlando wobuhlanga ofundiswa ngayo ezikoleni zeK-12. Nakuba kungekho mthetho kahulumeni owaphumela, ukuthethwa kwecala kwabangela ukuhlukana kwamasiko futhi kwashukumisela amanye amazwe ukuba abeke imingcele ezingxoxweni zasekilasini. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ukuzwa kungaguqula inkulumo yeningi ngisho nalapho umthetho unqanda.

Imishini Yemfundo Yokuzwa

Ukuqonda indlela ukuzwa okuvela ngayo kwembula amandla nokulinganiselwa kwayo. Ngokuvamile, isihlalo sekomiti sihlela ukuqulwa kwendaba ethile, simema ofakazi abavela egatsheni eliphetheyo, i-academia, amaqembu ezokuphatha, nemiphakathi ethintekayo. Ngemva kokuvula izinkulumo zamalungu, ofakazi banikeza ubufakazi obulungisiwe, kulandelwa ukuphenywa kwemibuzo. Amalungu avame ukusebenzisa imifantu yawo eyiminunjana emihlanu ukwenza amaphuzu ezombangazwe noma ukukhipha iziphakamiso. Amatekisi namavidiyo aba ingxenye yomlando womphakathi, asetshenziswa kamuva izinkantolo, izintatheli, nezazi zezindaba.

Ngokuphawulekayo, izindlebe zifakwa kuyi-C-SPANE futhi zigelezene kuyi-intanethi, zinikeze i-athom ngalé kwegumbi lokuzwa. Lokhu kukhanya kubaluleke kakhulu emsebenzini wazo. Nokho, abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi ukuzwa sekuye kwasebenza, amalungu efunda imibuzo ebhalwe phansi namalungu ofakazi anikeza amaphuzu okukhuluma kunokuba anikeze ingxoxo eqotho. Naphezu kwalokho, umbhalo ogciniwe uyaqhubeka unethonya.

Izinselele Nokulinganiselwa Kwezindlebe

Nakuba kubalulekile, ukuzwa kunezici ezingalungile. Ukubekwa kwezindlebe ezihlukene ngokuvamile kuzenza zibe yindawo yokudlala yemidlalo yaseshashalazini kunokuba ziphendulwe. OFakazi bangakhethwa ukuze basekele ukulandisa okunqunyiwe, kulinganise izinhlobonhlobo zemibono. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzwa kuyisinyathelo esisodwa kuphela enqubweni eyinkimbinkimbi yemithetho; izimemezelo eziningi azivezi umthetho osebenzayo. Umthamo omkhulu wezindlebe zemfundo . [1] Unyaka ngamunye [2] zenza ithonya labo, njengoba izihloko zezindaba zigxila kuphela engxabanweni ephawulekayo.

Okunye ukulinganiselwa ukuntula ukulandelela. Izimo zikahulumeni zingangakunaki ukutusa, futhi uMkhandlu ungathatha isinyathelo ngokuthola imiphumela. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuzwa okuningi ngenkinga yezikweletu zabafundi eminyakeni engaphezu kwamashumi amabili kwaveza izinguquko eziphindaphindekayo kuphela kuze kube yilapho umqedazwe unqamuka. Igebe phakathi kobufakazi nenqubo likhungathekisa abasekeli abaningi.

Iziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo Zokuqondisa Imfundo Ngezingqungquthela

Njengoba indawo yemfundo ishintsha, izindlebe kumelwe zivumelane. Izihloko zokuzwa zihlanganisa ukuhlakanipha kokwenziwa emakilasini, indima yezisebenzi zezezimali zasesikoleni, indima yezezimali ezingekho emasontweni angapheli, nokwanda kwama-akhawunti emfundo kanye nawama-accounting. Izindlebe ziyodinga ukuhlanganisa ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ekufundeni i-alytics kanye nezifundo zobude. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphakama kobufakazi obukude phakathi ne-COVIID-19 kwabonisa ukuthi ukuzwa kungafinyeleleka ngokwengeziwe, kuvumele ofakazi abavela ezindaweni zasemaphandleni noma abanemithwalo yokunakekela ukuba bahlanganyele. Inselele iwukuba ukulondoloza ubungqabavu ekuhlolweni kwe-mizwayo lapho kusenziwa ubuchwepheshe obuthatha isikhathi eside.

Isiphetho: Ukubaluleka Okuhlala Njalo Kwenqubo Yokuzwa

Ukuzwa kwe-Congress kuseyinsika yemfundo kahulumeni eyisisekelo. Kunikeza isisekelo esidingekayo sokuziphendulela ngokwentando yeningi, ubufakazi bokusungulwa kwemithetho yezomthetho, nomphakathi wempikiswano evame ukuphikisana echaza imfundo yaseMelika. Nakuba ukungapheleli okulawulwa ukulawulwa kwemfundo nokubekwa kwezezombangazwe − abaphathi bezimiso zezemfundo ukuze babhekane nemiphumela yangempela yezwe. Kubafundisi, abafundi, namalungu emikhaya, lemikhakhakha inikeza indlela enamandla yokuthonya imithetho elawula izikole zabo nokuphila. Njengoba indima yezemfundo engokwezwe iqhubeka, ukuzwa kuhlala lapho imfundo yezwe ibaluleke khona futhi iqinisekiswa.

Ukuhlola indawo yamanje edinga ukuzwa kwemfundo, vakashela iKomiti yendlu yemfundo neyomsebenzi wesikole noma ubukeze imibiko yezemfundo[, ngokuvamile ebeka isisekelo sobufakazi bokuzwa. Ukunyukela kakhulu ezindlebeni ezingokomlando, amarekhodi eZinqolobane zesizwe [[[FLT:]] ayinzuzo enkulu.