Indawo yokhetho lwanamuhla iye yashintsha kakhulu, futhi enye yezinguquko eziphawuleka kakhulu ukuphakama kwabavoti abazimele. Laba bavoti − abangafuni ukuhlangana neqembu elikhulu lezombangazwe − abasayikho ingxenye kodwa amandla anqumayo ekulolongeni imiphumela yokhetho. E-United States, abantu abazimele baye bakhula ukuze bamelele cishe ingxenye yesithathu ye-votate, futhi ithonya labo lidlulela endaweni, esifundazwe, nasezinhlangani ezisesifundazweni. Lesi sihloko sihlola indima ebanzi yabavoti abazimele evotenteni, ithonya labo abamelene namasuntwebe, ukuthambekela kwabo emikhankambisweni echaza ukuhlanganyela kwabo, nezinselele ababhekeneyo esimisweni esikhiwe esigaba sobukhonziswa.

Obani Abazishaya Indiva?

Abavoti abazimele bayiqembu elihlukene. Abayiqembu elihlukile. Abalingani yingxenye ye-monolithic; kunalokho, bafunda imibala yemibono kusukela kwesobunxele-kwesobunxele kuya ekulangeni kwesokudla, nabaningi abahlala phakathi kweqiniso. Ngokwe- Plew Research Center[, cishe 38% ye-U.S.votenser iveza ukuthi izimele, nakuba ingxenye yabo enkulu incike komunye wamaqembu ayinhloko lapho ibuzwa umbuzo olandelayo. Le "an" inemiphumela ebalulekile: ezimelelwayo kuphela [1] labo abangancintisaniyo eqenjini ngalinye, ngokuvamile ingu-109% yabavoti.

Kungani abantu bekhetha ukuzimela? Izisusa ezivamile zihlanganisa ukukhungatheka ngenxa yokukhetha abameleli abahlukene, isifiso sokuvota okusekelwe eqenjini kunokuba kusekelwe eqenjini, nokusola amalebula asemthethweni. Abaningi abazimele banomuzwa wokuthi ukuzihlanganisa neqembu kubaphoqelela ukuba bayeke ezimpini abakhathalelayo. Abanye bamane bakwazisa ukuvumelana nezimo ukuze bavote ongcono kakhulu okhethweni ngalunye, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi baphi abahlwii. Lokhu kukhululeka kukhulunywe ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabasha abavoti, abaye bakhula enkathini yokwanda kokuwohloka kwezindawo kanye nokwaziswa okungokwenhlalo.

Ngokwempilo, abavoti abazimele basha, balinganisela kakhulu, futhi bangaba besilisa kakhulu. Basengozini futhi yokufunda emakolishi futhi bahlale ezindaweni zasemadolobheni noma emadolobheni, nakuba indlela ihlukahluka ngokwendawo. Ukuqonda lezizimo kubalulekile kubazo kanye nasemaphathi azama ukwenza amasu okufinyelela ngaphandle.

Ukwanda Kwe - Bloc Ezimele

Inani labazimeleyo belilokhu linyuka kancane-kancinci amashumi eminyaka. Ngawo-1950, cishe angu-2024% kuphela abavoti abachazwa ngokuthi abazimele. Ngo-2020, lelo nani seliphindeke kabili. Amabutho amaningana aqhubele lokhu kwanda:

  • Ingxenye yePolarection: Njengoba amaqembu eDemocratic and Republican ehamba ngokuhlukana ngokwemibono, abavoti abaningi bazithola behlukanisiwe kuzo zombili. Isikhungo sinciphise ngokwezigaba zeqembu kodwa sikhula ngokwezikhungatheko zomvoti.
  • I-'dissibilitionment:[ Ama-scanding, ukuvinjelwa kukahulumeni, nokungakhohliswa okucatshangelwayo kuye kwaqeda ukuthembana kuzo zombili izigaba. Ama Voter abheka amaqembu njengezinhlangano ezizihlobisayo kunokuba abheke izimoto zokuwamelela.
  • Ukushintsha kwesizukulwane:[ Iminyaka eyinkulungwane neNkathi Z kungachazwa kakhulu ngokuthi zizimele kunamaqembu amadala. Izembu jikelele, ezidalula imibono eminingi, zinciphisa nethonya lemicikilisho engokwesiko.
  • Isigaba sesigaba se-Partisanshi: Abavoti abaningi abathandi kakhulu iqembu elihlukile kunabo. Abanye, ukwenqaba ukujoyina iqembu bayindlela yokugwema ukubizwa ngalelogama elibi.

Ngokwendlela yokuhlola i-Gallup, amaphesenti ezimele afinyelela phezulu kakhulu ku 50% kwezinye iziphethu phakathi nomjikelezo wokhetho 2016, nakuba lelonani lihlehlela emuva maphakathi no-30. Ukuthambekela kusobala: ilebula elizimele liyiphutha kakhulu kubavoti abafuna ukuqhela endaweni engokwezombangazwe eyandayo enobuthi.

Ithonya Ekwakheni Imiphumela

Abavoti abazimele bavame ukunquma izinhlanga ezisondelene kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi ukwethembeka kwabo akulungiswanga, bangashintsha ngokuphawulekayo kusukela kokhetho oluye kolunye. Ngokwesibonelo, okhethweni lukamongameli, abazimele kakhulu ngenxa kaBarack Obama ngo- 2008 (ngo- 52% kuya ku-49%), bese beshintshelwa eRepublic abazobhapathizwa ngo-2010 naphakathi kwemizuzu engu-20, bese behlehlela emuva ukusekela uJoe Biden ngo-2020 (ngo-59% kuya ku-41 nge-41 ngenkatho ngayinye). Lokhu kwenza i-196 yaba yisisulu esibucayi semikhankambiso yemikhankaso.

I - Swing States Ne - Electoral College

Ezindaweni ezijikelayo njengeFlorida, Pennsylvania, Michigan, ne-Arizona, ukuvota okuzimele kungaba isiphetho sokunqoba. Ngo-2020, uBiden wanqoba iPennsylvania ngamavoti angaphezu kuka-80 000; ukuvota kokuphuma kwabonisa ukusekela kwakhe ngo-55% kuya ku- 43%. Ngokufanayo, eGeorgia Georgia [1] isifundazwe esingakaze sivote umongameli weDemocratic u-Dion kusukela ngo 1992 (izikhundla ezaphulwa ngu-539% ku-Biden, isiza ukudayisa umbuso. Lezi zibonelo zigcizelela ukuthi akukho mongameli ongawina ngaphandle kwengxenye yevoti ezimele.

Imijaho Ephansi Yezilokazane

Ama-consola athonya ngokufanayo emijahweni yeSigele ne-gaberner. Phakathi kwama-2022, abavoti abazimele baqhephukela kancane eRepublicans (kusukela ku-49% kuya ku-47%), kodwa emijahweni eyinhloko njenge-Pennsylvania, bahlukana ngokulinganayo, bevumela uDemocrat John Fetterman ukuba anqobe kancane. Imidlalo evulekile egcwele abantu kanye nemincintiswano yombusi ivame ukubona izinguquko ezinkulu kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi izikhangiso zeqembu zingaphansi kokuba ingekho i-mbhaloti.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abavoti abazimele bazimisele kakhulu ukunqamula imigqa yeqembu kukhetho olufanayo .Isenzakalo esaziwa ngokuthi ukuhlukanisa amathikithi. Nakuba ukuhlukanisa ngamathikithi kunciphe ngokwezinga elibanzi, kuhlala kubalulekile phakathi kwabantu abazimele ngempela. Ngo-2022, amazwe amaningana akhethwe ababusi beDemocratic ngenkathi evotela amaRepublican senator, abonisa ukukhetha okuhlukile kwaleliqembu.

Ukuthambekela Ekuziphatheni Kwezingoma Zomoya

Ukuhlola indlela abantu abaziphethe ngayo kwembula izindlela ezidlulela ngalé kokuthi abantu baphila ngendlela ehlukile.

Izinto Eziza Kuqala Eziyimpikiswano

Izikhulu zikahulumeni zithambekele kakhulu ekumiseni izinqumo ezithile ngaphezu kokwethembeka kweqembu. Kukamuva, izinto eziyinhloko zihlanganisa umnotho, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, namalungelo okukhipha isisu. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemva kweNkantolo Ephakeme amaDobbs [ ngo-2022], izikhundla ezizimele zishiywe ngokukhishwa kwesisu, futhi zasiza uDemocrates ukuba akhiphe izimo ezingokomlando ezisemqoka phakathi. Ngokuhlukile, uma ukwehla kwamandla nobugebengu kulawula, imikhosi ezimele ithambekele ekuthuleni okulungile. Imikhankanyo engahlela izikhundla zabo ngokwezilinganiso zemiphumela yekhonkolo [1] [irthern] kunezimpawu zemibono yeqembu lokukhipha inqubo engcono naleli qembu.

Ukusekela Ama - candide Engxenye Yesithathu

Ngenxa yokuthi izizimele azifakwanga ezimisweni ezimbili, zivulekele kakhulu kubantu abathatha isigaba sesithathu nabazimele. Ngo-2016, amaphesenti angaba yisithupha ezizimele azivotela u-Gary Johnson noma i-Green Party’s Jill Steinin(enough ukuthonya umphumela ezizweni ezinjengePennsylvania neFlorida. Ngo-2020, amavoti esithathu ehla, kodwa ngo-2024, abavoti abafana no-Robert F. Jr. Kennedy (ngokuthi ungazimela) uye wathola ukusekelwa okuphawulekayo kubantu abazimele. Lokhu kuveza inseleleko ezifundeni ezinkulu ezifuna ukuvimbela abambalwa abathatha isigaba abazoqhumuka, ikakhulukazi emidlalweni eseduze.

Ukuhlanganyela Ngokwengeziwe Endinganisweni Yendawo

Nakuba izikhundla ezizimele zivela kancane kancane kunabavoti abavoti abahlawulwayo kukhetho lomongameli, basebenza kakhulu emibangweni yendawo, okhetho lwezikole, nakwezomdlandla. Ngenxa yokuthi lemincintiswano ayinciphi, izikhundla ezizimele zinomuzwa wokuthi inethonya elikhulu. Izinhlangano zempikiswano njengemali yesikole, imithetho yezindlu, kanye nezinguquko zomthetho zezezigebengu ziye zavumelana kakhulu nezizimele. Ngokwe- Brennan Center for Justice [ ucwaningo, ukuvota, kunyuswa okhethweni bendawo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokuvota, ukuthi imvumela ukubhaliswa kosuku olufanayo noma ukuvulwa.

Indima Yezobuchwepheshe Nezobuchwepheshe

Indlela abavoti abazimele abasebenzisa ngayo ukwaziswa okungokwamanani iguqulwe kakhulu ngama-digitation. Imithombo yezindaba engokwesiko .Izindaba , amaphephandaba − ngokuvamile athathwa ngabazimele njengeqembu. Kunalokho, baphendukela kwinhlanganisela yezokuxhumana, izintatheli zezindaba ze-inthanethi, kanye nezindaba ezizimele.

Amaqabunga Omthetho - sisekelo

Ama-algoriths ezindaweni zobu Purtifomu njenge-YouTube ne Facebook angadala "ibble" ecindezela abasebenzisi ukuba bagxile kakhulu kokuqukethwe. Kubantu abafuna ukwazi futhi abafuna imibono eminingi, lokhu kungaholela ekudleni kokwaziswa okuhlukene okuthonywa kalula yizinniso ezingezona ezilungile. Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi abantu abazimele basengozini kakhulu yokubhekana nezinkulumo zezombangazwe ezingamanga kunokugodla okunamandla, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuthi abanayo isigaba esiqinile esineluthayo sokulunguza imithombo engathembekile.

Ukuhlaselwa Kwezimpande Ezinkulu

Ohlangothini oluhle, imithombo yezokuxhumana yenze ukuba kukwazi ukunyakazisa izimpande ezidlula izakhiwo ze-cription. Izinhlangano ezinjenge ziphumele kokuthile [ (ezithola intsha efuna ukubhapathizwa) kanye Nonoluthis[[ (iqembu lekhulu)) lisebenzisa amathuluzi obuchwepheshe ukuze lifinyelele kubantu abazimele. I-FRAISPPP enjengo-Act Blue and Win Red iheka futhi iminikelo ezimele enika abantu ngabanye abafuna ukunikezwa amakomiti ediyodwa kunamaqembu.

Ukukhangisa Okuhlosiwe

Inkambiso iyanda izikhangiso ezisemqoka ezisemqoka ezifakwayo nezikhangisa ngokwaziswa okunemininingwane. Amafayela evoter, ahlangene nokwaziswa kwabathengi, avumela ochwepheshe ukuba baphawule imikhaya ngokunokwenzeka ukuba iqhubeke. Icebo elivamile ukunikeza imiyalezo ezimele ezindabeni zezomnotho ngephimbo elilodwa nangezindaba zomphakathi, kuye ngokuthi indlu incike kweyayo. Lokhu kulunga kwenziwa kube nokwenzeka ngamasitejiji amanani okukhangisa, nakuba kuphakamisa imicimbi yomuntu siqu kanye nokubona kahle.

Izinselele Ezibhekene Nama - loter

Naphezu kwamanani abo akhulayo, abavoti abazimele babhekene nemingcele yokwakha engacindezela ithonya labo. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukwanda kwezindawo ezivalekile . Ezizweni eziyi 13 amalungu abhalisiwe kuphela angavota kukhetho oluyinhloko. Lokhu akunazimvume zokukhetha abazokhetha abazokhetha, ngokuvamile kulapho kwenziwa khona izinqumo ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi izifunda eziningi azihambisani nokhetho oluvamile, ngokuyinhloko yi-deocovo //zigosa ezizimele.

Imizamo Yokuvula Imishini

Izinhlangano zezinguquko ziye zathola imvume eminyakeni yamuva. i-Alaska yamukela isimiso esiyinhloko esine ngo-2020, lapho bonke abazobhapathizwa besebenza ngevoti eyodwa, futhi abangaphezulu abane behamba phambili kukhetho olusemthethweni. Lokhu kuvumela abantu abazimele nabathatha isigaba sesithathu ukuba bancintisane emdlalweni wezinga eliphezulu. Izihlongo ezifanayo zicatshangelwa ezizweni ezinjenge Nevada neColorado. Nokho, ukuphikisa okuvela eqenjini kuhlala kunesihluku, njengoba izikhungo ezivulekile zisenza kube buthaka ukulawula kwabo ukukhetha isigaba sokufuna inzuzo.

Ukungaqondi Nokungavumelani

Izikhulu zisengozini yokulahla imikhankaso yokwaziswa eklanyelwe ukuhlwanyela ukudideka noma ukuvimbela. Ngenxa yokuthi abanaso isici esiqinile somthelela, bangase bathambekele kakhulu ekulandiseni okungamanga nge-odoli noma izinqubo zokuvota. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithetho ye-ID evimbelayo nezikhathi zokubhalisa ithinta intsha neningi labavoti abahamba ngezinyawo, abangase bazibukele. Amaqembu abaphathi bezincwadi baye babhala ukuncipha okukhulu kokuzimela okuzimele uma kuqhathaniswa nokuzimela kwe-avhota okuqinile.

Ukuhlukana Kwangaphakathi

Yona kanye izinhlobonhlobo ezenza ukuba kube namandla yenza kube nzima ukuzihlela. Akukho qembu elilodwa elizimele noma isakhiwo sobuholi. Izinhlangano ezifana "I-Infensificial Voter Project" ne-"Unite America" zisebenzela ukukhulisa izwi elizimele, kodwa azinayo imithombo yamaqembu amakhulu. Lokhu kuhlukana kungaholela ekubeni nomuzwa wokungabi namakhaya kwezombangazwe, okungabangela ukudangala nokuthembisana.

Ikusasa Lezingoma Ezizimele Ezikhethweni

Uma sibheka phambili, indima yabavoti abazimelayo cishe izoqhubeka yanda, ishukunyiswa izinguquko zenani labantu nezikhungo.

Ngalé Kwesimiso Sezingxenye Ezimbili?

Nakuba ingxenye yesithathu ephila ihlala ingenakunqikaza esikhathini esifushane ngenxa yokuthatha ukhetho lwezimali kanye nemithetho yokungena, isigaba esizimele ngokwaso singaba amandla e-de conote yesithathu. Uma iziqu ezanele zihlangene (ngokwesibonelo, ngokusekela umuntu oyedwa ozofundela ukuncintisana kwento eyisisekelo), zingaphinde zithathe i-nothina. Ukunyuka "ukuvota okufakwayo" kwezinye izizwe kunikeza indlela yeqembu elincane ukuthonya imiphumela emikhulu.

Ukwanda Okuyinhloko

Umfutho weziqu ezivulekile nokuvota okuphezulu kusezakushesha. Ngo-2023, i-Nevada yavuma ukuba kufakwe isimiso esiphambili esingamashumi amahlanu, futhi kulungiselelwa ezinye izinyathelo ezifanayo zokuvota emazweni amaningana. Lezinguquko zinikeza amandla aqondile okuzimela ngokuzivumela ukuba bahlanganyele kuzo zonke izigaba zenqubo yokukhetha. Njengoba amazwe amaningi amukela izimiso ezinjalo, ukuvota okuzimele kuyoba nokulandelayo ngisho nangokwengeziwe.

Ingabe Amandla Aqinisayo?

Abanye ososayensi bezombangazwe baphikisa ngokuthi abavoti abazimele bangasebenza njengethonya eliguqula inkathi yokuwohloka kwezwe. Ngoba bavuza inkinga ehambisana nokungaguquguquki kwemibono, abacela ukuzimela bathambekele ekuthatheni izikhundla ezengeziwe. Lokhu kungaphoqelela womabili amaqembu ukuba angene phakathi kwemijaho yokuncintisana, anciphise i-drocklock. Nokho, lomphumela ubonakala kuphela uma amavoti azimele emananini amakhulu [1] okudinga ukususa imingcele yokuhlanganyela kwawo.

Ukushintsha Kwezizukulwane

Njengoba sebebadala, abavoti abakhetha kakhulu bathathelwa indawo yintsha ezimele, uvoti bonke bazoncitshiswa kancane kumaqembu amabili. U- Gen Z uyisizukulwane esizibusayo esizibusayo, futhi esingaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-40 sincipha ukuba sizwane neqembu elithile. Ukuziphatha kwabo kokuvota kusaqala, kodwa ubufakazi bakuqala busikisela ukuthi bayoba nempikiswano enkulu, izinhlangano zamahlelo, futhi bazimisele ukusekela abaholi abangaphandle kweqembu elikhulu. Lokhu kubonisa kahle ithonya elide lezenyuka.

Isiphetho

Abavoti abazimele baye basuka ekubeni nelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi ngezibalo baba isici esihlala njalo nesinamandla sendawo ehleliwe. Ukukhula kwabo kubonisa ukunganeliseki okukhulu ngesimiso esinezigaba ezimbili, kodwa ithonya labo lilawulwa yimithetho eklanyelwe abashokobezi. Ukuqonda ukuthi bangobani, indlela abaziphatha ngayo, futhi okubashukumisayo kubaluleke kakhulu kunoma ubani ohileleke kwezombangazwe zanamuhla, [1] olwembubhiso, omphathi bemikhankanti, izikhulu, nezakhamuzi ezibopheleliselwe ukuvela kwe-injini. Njengoba ukuvota kwamashumi amabini anesine kusondela nezikhathi zesikhathi esizayo, ivoti ezimele ngeke iqhube kuphela ingxoxo mayelana nendlela ukhetho lwezentando zombangazwe okufanele luhlelwe ngayo. Inselele yanoma isiphi isimo sezombangazwe sokuzimo esenzeka, noma ishiye ingxenye ebalulekile ye-osemfantrensi engabonakali futhi engashushisiwe.