I-filbuster iyithuluzi le-procedical esetshenziswa ezindikimbeni zomthetho ukunwebela ukuphikisana ngecala lemithetho, ngokuvamile elibambezela noma elivala ukudlula kwalo. Ivame ukuhlotshaniswa neSigele sase-United States, lapho iye yasetshenziswa khona isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka. Abenzi bomthetho basebenzisa i-monicbuster ukuthonya imithetho kanye nokuhlela inqubo yokulawula, ukuyenza ibe yisici sempikiswano enkulu kakhulu se-demokrati ye-demokramenti yaseMelika. Emzini wayo, i-Relibuster ivumela isigente eyodwa noma iqembu labaqondisi ukuba libambe i-voti ngokukhuluma njalo noma ngokusebenzisa amasuntswana okulawula okuvimbela igumbi ukuba lingahambi phambili. Lenqubo inikeza iqembu elincane elinamandla ukuba libumbe uhlelo lwemithetho, kodwa futhi likhulise imibuzo ephathelene, ukuhleleka, ukuphatha, nokubusa.

Ukuqonda i-filbuster kudinga ukuhlola imvelaphi yayo, indlela esebenza ngayo, amasu abenzi bomthetho asetshenziswayo, kanye nethonya layo elikhulu enqubweni yomthetho. Nakuba abasekeli bephikisana nayo bavikela amalungelo amancane futhi bakhuthaza ukuyekethisa, abagxeki baphikisa ukuthi yenza lezi zici ziphazamiseke futhi ziqine. Lesi sihloko sihlola ngokujule kakhulu, sinikeza umbono olinganiselwe ngendlela abenzi bomthetho abasebenzisa ngayo i-Precioster ukuze babambe noma bamise umthetho, futhi kungani izimpikiswano zenguquko ziqhubeka zivela eKhondlelweni.

Umlando We - FIBUster

I-filbuster ayishiwo ngokuqondile eMthethweni-sisekelo wase-U.S. kuvela emithethweni yenqubo yeSigele, eyavela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Igama elithi “filibuster” livela kwele-Dutch vrijbuiter[ (i- enkundleni yecala), futhi ekuqaleni yabhekisela kwabaphangi bemikhumbi noma abanamabhayisekili. Emongweni wemithetho, yaqala ukuchaza abakhi bomthetho abathiwe “abathatha indawo yengxoxo ye-voti. Ngokungafani nenkambiso yeNkathi elawulayo, ngokungafani nendlu yabameleli be-Gastians (ie) ebeke isikhathi esilungiselelwe i-Dibuster.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwakuqala Nenkathi Yangaphambi Kokuba Kusetshenziswe

Phakathi nekhulu le-19, ama-generings ayengavamile ngoba iSigele sasinamalungu ambalwa futhi sasinomkhuba ovamile kakhulu. Nokho, njengoba izwe lalanda futhi ukuhlukana kwezombangazwe kwakhula, leli cebo laya likhula kakhulu. Isibonelo esiphawulekayo senzeka ngo-1841 lapho iSenster uJohn C. Calhoun fiblibster emelene nemali yokubhange. Kuleyonkathi yangaphambi kwe-62cloture, yayingekho indlela engokomthetho yokuqeda impikiswano, futhi abaqondisi bezwe babekwazi ukukhuluma isikhathi eside uma nje bekwazi ukuma. Lokhu kwaholela ezinkulumo zomjaho, kuhlanganise neSnard Beathersbours, edumile ka-Seau Long, owasho uShakespeare nowayidla izinhlelo zokukhomba ukuvota.

Isidingo senqubo yokuqeda impikiswano saqala ukuphazamisa kakhulu. Ngo-1917, iSigele samukela uMthetho 22, owamisa amahlule: ukuvota kwabasizi ababili 9350 abakhona nokuvota ukuze kuqedwe impikiswano. Lokhu kamuva kwashintshwa kwaba amavoti amathathu (60) eSigeqe esigcwele ngo-1975. I-Clombre ilokhu iyithuluzi eliyinhloko lokuphula i-Parenbuster namuhla.

Ukuziphendukela Kwemvelo Kwamashumi Amabili

I-filbuster yaba isikhali esiyinhloko phakathi nenkathi yamalungelo omphakathi. Abameli baseNingizimu bayisebenzisa kakhulu ukuvimbela ukumelana nokuvota, amalungelo, nomthetho wamalungelo omphakathi. Umthetho ka-1957 Civil Rights wawungowokuqala ukunqoba i-paribuster, kodwa isibonelo esiphawuleka kakhulu kwakuyi-1946 Civil Rights Rights Act, eyabhekana ne-75661 day filbuster ngaphambi kokuba amahlule afakelwe. Le nkathi yaqinisa idumela le-Filicbuster njengethuluzi lokuvimbela, ngokuvamile elisetshenziselwa ukuvikela i-palbuster. Ngokuphendula, abasekeli bamalungelo omphakathi ancishiswe inguquko, kodwa imfuneko ye-heatmajority yasala.

Emashumini eminyaka alandela, i-finbuster yakhula yadlula ezimpini eziphakeme. Izimpongi zaqala ukuyisebenzisa njalo, hhayi nje ezikweletini eziphikisanayo kodwa nasemikhondweni eshubile nasemikhubeni yokushaya ikhanda. Inani lokuhamba kwemisebe landa kakhulu kusukela ngawo-1970 kuqhubeke, okubonisa ushintsho olungokomthetho ekusetshenzisweni njalo kwe-nfalbuster ukuhlanganisa umthetho.

Indlela I - fibuster Esebenza Ngayo

Amakhenika e-filbuster asekelwe emithethweni ebusa impikiswano. Ngokuvamile, lapho isigwebo silethwa phansi, umholi omkhulu ufuna ukuvumelana. Uma kukhona izinto ze-sene, ingaqhubeka ngokungenasiphelo ngaphandle kokuba kusetshenziswe i-randre. Ngokwenqubo, ama-finbuster anamuhla awavamile ukuhilela izinkulumo zebanga elide. Kunalokho, abasizi bamane babonise inhloso yabo ku-banbuster, futhi iningi lifuna ukuqoqa amavoti angu-60 ukuze liqede impikiswano nge-activere.

Inqubo Ye - Estep [“I - table]

  1. UBill ubikwa ngaphandle kwekomiti futhi ubekwe ekhalendeni lesiGatsha.
  2. Uma kugcinwa izinto zomkhakha, izindleko ziyavalwa.
  3. Ukuze banqobe ukuphikisa, iningi kumelwe libhale isicelo se - ravitary, esisayinwe okungenani ama - senea angu - 16.
  4. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbili zekhalenda (ngokuvamile), iSigele sivota ukushukuma kwekhono. Uma ama-sene angama-60 evota ngokuvumelana, impikiswano ilinganiselwe emahoreni angu-30. Uma kungenjalo, imvume iyaqhubeka iboshelwe phezulu.
  5. Ngisho nangemva kokukhubazeka, izinyosi zingalungisa, kodwa kuphakama impikiswano.
  6. Uma amahlule ehluleka, iningi lingase likhethe ukuyeka izindleko noma livumelane ukuze livikele ukuvota kwama - 60.

I - FIBUster Ethulile

Nakuba abaholi be-finbuster bakuqala babedinga abakhokhi bomsizi ukuba babambe iphansi, i-finbuster yanamuhla ivame ukuba thule. I-seneter ingamane ibeke “u-” emalini, okusho ukuthi bayaphika ukuqhubeka. Umholi weningi kufanele anqume ukuthi angahlela yini amavoti. Lokhu kwenza ukuba ama-filibbuster abe lula futhi abe maningi, njengoba abasizi bedinga ukubekezelela inani elingokomzimba lezinkulumo ezinde. Nokho, futhi kunciphisa ukubonakala ngenxa yokuthi umphakathi ungase uqaphele ukuthi igebethi aliyiboni igebengi ngaphandle kokuba liqokonyiswe obala.

Izinqubo Ezisetshenziswa Abenzi Bomthetho

Abenzi bomthetho basebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene ukusekela i-filbuster, kuhlanganise nezinkulumo ezithatha isikhathi eside, ukubambezela kwe-procedrouse, nokusebenzisa izintambo ezisemthethweni. Lamacebo ahlose ukucindezela iningi ukuba lishintshe noma likhiphe umthetho. Ama-pilibuster angasetshenziswa:

  • Vimbela izikweletu zempikiswano
  • Ukuphoqelelwa Ukuba Kube Yizinguquko Noma Ukuvuma
  • Izinqumo zomthetho eziwukwephuza
  • Khuthaza umphakathi ngezindaba
  • Phoqa ukuqinisekiswa kwabaminethi
  • Inqubo ye - negotiate iyashintsha ukuze kuwiswe i-banbuster

Ikilasi “Ekhulumayo” FILIbuster

I-finbuster engokwesiko ihilela i-senentar u-Ted Cruz emile futhi ekhuluma amahora amaningi noma ngisho nezinsuku. Lelisu alivamile namuhla ngenxa yokusebenza kwe-falbuster ethulile, kodwa lisengaphumelela ekudwebeni imithombo yezindaba. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-2013, i-Senator Ted Cruz wakhuluma amahora angaphezu kwama-21 mayelana ne-Affordcable Care Act, nakuba lalingeyena i-Reatriaster yeqiniso ngoba kwakungekho vhoti. Ngo-2021, i-Sen Johnson u-Ron u-slehlisa ilungelo lokuvota ngokufunda incwadi ngokuzwakala kakhulu amahora ambalwa. Lezi zenzakalo ziveza izikhathi zezindaba futhi zivumela izimende ukuba zizwane.

Ukuhlelwa Kwezinto Eziphilayo

Ngaphandle kokukhuluma, izifemu zingasebenzisa ama-procedal procebralture ukuze zibambezele. Ngokwesibonelo, zingafuna izingcingo ze-travolum, ukuvota ngezikhathi ezisolwayo, noma zidinge ukufundwa okugcwele kwezinhlamvu zemali. Ukuhamba ngakunye kudla isikhathi futhi kungasunduza ukuvota kokugcina. Abaningi futhi kumelwe bahlele amavoti ama - ravita, okuthatha bona ngokwabo isikhathi esiphansi. Ngenxa yokuthi iSigelethi esinesikhathi esilinganiselwe, ngisho nokwephuza ukudlula kwemali okuncane kungavimbela ukudlula ngaphambi kokuphela komzuzu.

Izindawo Zokuzibamba Nezinto Ezingaziwa

I-senetor ingafaka isibambiso esiyimfihlo ngokutshela umholi weningi ngokuphikisa kwabo. Kuze kube yilapho isibambiso sikhushuliwe, isibambiso asikwazi ukuqhubekela phambili. Izindawo ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa ukukhipha imvume eningini noma ukulibala kuze kube yilapho kukhulunywa ngendaba ethile. Nakuba i-Heith Leadership and Open Government Act ka 2007 idinga ukuba kuboniswe lokho okugcinwayo ngemva kwezinsuku eziyisithupha, kusenziwa.

Ithonya Ekwahluleleni

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-banbuster kuvame ukuphumela ekubekeni imithetho ngokushesha, okwenza kube nzima ukumisa imithetho. Nakuba kunikeza iqembu elincane amandla, abagxeki baphikisa ukuthi kungavimbela ukubusa nokubambezela izinguquko ezibalulekile zenqubo. Izinguquko zenqubo ye-monibster zivame ukuxabana eMkhandlwini. Ithonya libonakala kakhulu ezindabeni eziphakeme zempilo njengezempilo, ukufuduka, amalungelo okuvota, nesimiso sezomnotho.

Imiphumela Emihle Ebuntwaneni

Abasekeli be-finbuster baphikisa ngokuthi ivikela amalungelo eqembu elincane futhi ikhuthaza ukuyekethisa. Ngenxa yokuthi amavoti angu-60 adingekile ukuze adlulise umthetho omkhulu, iningi kumelwe lixoxe nedlanzana ukuze lakhe i-cohomant. Lokhu kungaholela ezikweletini ezisesilinganisweni, ezamukelekayo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Tax Reformation Act ka-1986 kanye ne-1999 Level Reformation Act zombili zihilela ukuhlanganisa i-bipartisan, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokusongela kwe-dinaster okuphoqekelelekile ukuba kufike ku-partum.

I-filbuster futhi ivimbela iningi elivamile ekudluleni ezindinganisweni ezingathi kamuva ezingashintshwa lapho umnyango ushintshwa. Ngokufuna umnyango ophezulu, iSigele siqinisekisa ukuthi izinguquko ezinkulu zenkambiso zisekelwa kakhulu, ezinganezela ekuzinzeni kwezombangazwe. Kulombono, i-monicbuster isebenza njengendlela yokuhlola izifiso ezinkulu, ezifana ne-veto noma ukubukeza kokwahlulela.

Imiphumela Emibi Ekubuseni

Nokho, abagxeki bakhomba ukuvama kwe-filbuster njengobufakazi bokungasebenzi kahle komthetho omkhulu. Ngawo-1950 nawo-1960, kwafakwa imikhankaso embalwa kuphela edinga ukuhlalwa kwe-aseBhunga ngalinye. Ngo-202020, lelonani lakhuphuka laba ngaphezu kuka-300 kuKhongolo. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Preciousbuster kuye kwaguqula iSigele saba indikimba ye-deo egrandment kumthetho oningi, okwenza kube nzima ukuxazulula izinkinga eziphuthumayo. Ngokwesibonelo, imizamo yokuphakamisa iholo elilinganiselwe, ukudlulisa umthetho wesimo sezulu, noma imithetho yenguquko yezibhamu iye yahluleka ngokuphindaphindiwe naphezu kokusekela okukhulu kwezentengoso ngisho naseSigele.

I-protalislative gradislock ingabangela ukubambezeleka okulimaza umphakathi. Uma iSishayamthetho sihluleka ukudlulisa izikweleti zokuphonsa, ukuvala imishini ku-hulumeni kuyaqhinwa. Uma ihluleka ukuqinisekisa abameleli abaphethe, izinhlangano ezisebenza ngaphandle kobuholi. I-monicbuster futhi inengxenye ekunyukeni kwemithetho yezikhulu nezenzo zokuphatha, njengomongameli odlulisa ama-Congresssion ukuze afinyelele izinhloso zenqubo. Empeleni, i-finbuster ikhipha amandla egatsheni le-proconstrumentation.

Izibonelo Ezinemiphumela

Enye yezigigaba ezithiywe kakhulu ezikhumbuleka muva nje kwaba ukuvalwa kwemali ka-2013 yokuhlola isizinda sendawo yonke sokuthenga izibhamu. Naphezu kokusekela komphakathi, isilinganiso sehla kumnyango wama-60. Ngokufanayo, i-2021 for the People Act (ukuveza amalungelo) kanye ne-2022oomen’s Health Protection Act (amalungelo okulawula) ayikwazanga ukuqeda ama-dinarybuster, ngisho noma bedlulisa iNdlu. Lezi zibonelo zibonisa indlela i-Prineybuster engamisa ngayo umthetho othandwayo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-filbuster iye yasetshenziselwa futhi ukuvala izikweletu zempikiswano ezingasekelwa kakhulu, njengomzamo ka-2017 wokubuyisa i-Affordble Care Act ngaphandle kokwenza umehluko. AmaRepublic aphakathi njengo-Senators Susan Collinski noLisa Murkowski basebenzisa usongo lwe-Refilbuster ukuze baxoxe futhi ekugcineni babulale i-repeal egcwele. Ngalendlela, i-finbuster yaphoqa ulwelo olunobuqili kakhulu.

Izimpikiswano Nokugxeka

I-filbuster ibhekene nokugxekwa okukhulayo, ikakhulukazi okuvela kubantu abathuthukayo nakulabo abayibona njengethuluzi lokuvimbela. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi ilulaza izimiso zedemokrasi ngokuvumela idlanzana labameleli ukuba livimbe intando yeningi. Ngoba i-filbuster idinga ama-senator angu- 41 (ngaphandle kwekhulu) kuphela ukuze isekele, inganika i-conomentiences encane ukuze inqume uhlelo lwemithetho.

Izimpikiswano Zobulungisa Bobuhlanga

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-finbuster ngokomlando ukuvimbela umthetho wamalungelo omphakathi kuye kwalingcolisa idumela layo. Abasekeli abaningi benguquko baveza ukuthi i-monilbuster yayiyinhloko ekulondolozeni ubandlululo nokungahlangani. Namuhla, abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi iyaqhubeka ivimbela izilinganiso zokuvota nobulungisa bobuhlanga, okuthinta ngokungenakuqhathaniswa imiphakathi emincane. Ngokwesibonelo, isimemezelo sokuvota, sehluleka ngenxa ye-pariabster ngisho nakuba iningi lamanxusa asekela yona. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ekubizeni ukuqeda noma ukuguqula i-Relivebuster ukuba i-democrion ivikele idemocratic.

Isimiso Esingafanele Nesingenayo Intando Yeningi

Okunye ukugxeka kuwukuthi i-filbuster ethulile isebenza enkungwini. Abahlaziyi bangavala izikweletu ngaphandle kokuthatha phansi noma bachaze ukuphikisa kwabo emphakathini. Lokhu kungabikho kokukhanya kungalulaza ukulandisa. Abashicileli bangase bangazi ukuthi obani abanecala lokubulala i-partimenti. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imfuneko engu-60 76vote inikeza amandla ama-veto ambalwa, angaholela ekuhleleni isimiso ngisho nalapho iningi leqembu lilawula kokubili amagumbi nesigaba.

“ Indlela Yenuzi” Nezitho Zangaphambili

ISigele siye sashintsha ngokuphindaphindiwe imithetho yaso ukuze sinciphise ukufinyelela kwe-monilbuster, ngokuvamile ngenqubo yephalamende ebizwa ngokuthi “icebo lenuzi.” Ngo-2013, i-Democratic eningi, ikhutshazwe yisithiyo sikaMongameli u-Obama, yashintsha imithetho ukuze iningi liqede ukuphikisana kwegatsha elikhulu kakhulu eliphethe i-conomister (ukudlulisa iNkantolo Ephakeme). Ngo-2017, amaRepublican ayidlulisela ku-inqulu engu-omfenes. Lezinguquko azizange zithinte i-Progin, kodwa zabeka isibonelo sokuthi imithetho ingashintshwa yivoti enkulu.

Abavikeli be-finbuster baphikisa ngokuthi ukususwa kwayo kungaguqula iSigele sibe yinguquko encane yendlu, ihleleke ngokushesha. Baphikisa ngokuthi amabutho e-palbuster acabanga futhi avimbela ubushiqela beningi. Nokho, ukuthambekela ekusebenziseni i-monicbuster ngokuvamile kuye kwenza ukuba kube nzima kakhulu ukuhlehlisa, hhayi kalula, ngoba iqembu ngalinye liyazi ukuthi elinye lingavimbela umthetho, ngakho ngezinye izikhathi izingxoxo ziyawohloka ngokuphelele.

Isimo Sanamuhla Nezinguquko

Kusukela ngo-2025, i-ganobist filbuster ihlala ingaphucukile, kodwa ukucindezela kwenguquko kuphakeme. Izihlongozo eziningana ziye zamiswa, kusukela ekuqedweni kwe-filbuster ngokuphelele ekubuyiseni “i-paribuster ekhulumayo” engadinga abasekeli ukuba babambe isakhiwo.

Indaba Eyokuhlanganisa 1: I - Abolish the Filibuster Iphelele

Abanye abamisimthetho, ikakhulukazi abanamaDemocrates athuthukayo, baye bayala ukuba baqede i-banbuster ngokuphelele. Ngalendlela, umthetho udlula ngeningi (51 lamavoti). Abasekeli baphikisa ngokuthi ukubusa okuningi kwentando yeningi futhi kungavumela iKhomishane ukuba ixazulule izindaba eziphuthumayo ezinjengoshintsho lwesimo sezulu, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, namalungelo okuvota. Nokho, abaphikisi baxwayisa ukuthi ukususa i-palbuster kungaholela ekunqanyulweni kwenqubo ngokushesha lapho ukulawula ushintsho lweNxandelo lwezi, kululaza ukuqina.

Iphuzu Lesibili: Buyisela I - FILIbuster Ekhulumayo

Ukulungisa okusesilinganisweni kungadinga abasizi ukuba bakhulume yiqiniso phansi ukuze bavimbe isikweleti. Lokhu kungabuyisela ukuhlolwa kokukhuthazela okungokomzimba okwenza ukuba i-Parenbuster ibe yivelakancane. Isiphakamiso, esivame ukuhlotshaniswa noMongameli onguMongameli Joe Biden nabanye, singasho ukuthi uma i-seneter ingenakukwazi ukugcina inkulumo eqhubekayo, impikiswano ingaphela futhi ivoti ingenzeka. Lokhu kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kuyilapho kulondoloza ikhono ledlanzana lokudonsela ukunakekela ezimpikiswaneni ezibalulekile. Nokho, abagxeki baphawula ukuthi lingase livumele izimemezeli ezizimisele ukuba zikwazi ukugcina i-Patricbuster izinsuku eziningi, futhi imithombo yezindaba yanamuhla ingasebenzisa izenzakalo ezinjalo ukuze iphumelele kunokuba impikiswano enkulu.

Indaba 3: Sehlisa Isikhala

Enye inhloso ukunciphisa inani lamavota adingekayo ukuze kuncishiswe ama-active asukela ku-60 kuya ku-360 enomboloni ephansi, njengo-55 noma ngisho no-55 ngenqubo ethile yomthetho (umzk., amalungelo okuvota, izinguquko zezimiso). Lendlela ingagcina imfuneko enkulu kakhulu yempikiswano kuyilapho ivumela ezinye izikweleti ukuba ziqhubeke kalula. Ingasetshenziswa njenge-carverevrevre, efana nenqubo yokuhlela ukubuyisana, evumela kakade izindleko ezithile zemali ukuba zidlule ngamavoti angu-5. Abanye abashisekeli bezinguquko baphikisa ngesilinganiso esisheshintshwayo lapho umnyango uxhomeke ekubalulekeni noma ekuphuthumayo.

Isicelo 4: Sebenzisa Indlela Yenuzi Ukuze Ube Umthetho

Isinqumo senuzi − ukumisa imithetho yesigele ngenani eliphansi---------odomal kungasetshenziselwa ukususa noma ukulungisa i-pronogration. Lokhu kuye kwenziwa ngenxa yokumisa kodwa hhayi ngokomthetho. Isithiyo se-proceddual siwukuthi imithetho yeSigele idinga amavoti amabili mithathu ukuze ishintshe imithetho, kodwa omunye angagumbuqela leyo nqubo ngevoti elivamile, njengoba kwenzeka ngokuthumba. Nokho, abanye abasizi baye bamelana nalendlela, besaba ukuthi ingonakalisa imfanelo ekhethekile yeNdlundlu. Izindleko zezombangazwe zokusebenzisa ukhetho lwenuzi ziphakeme, futhi kungaba madolokunikeza elinye iqembu elinye ithuluzi lokwenza uma bethola amandla afana.

Isiphetho

I-filbuster isalokhu isici esiphikiswa kakhulu sokubusa kwaseMelika. Abenzi bomthetho bayisebenzisa ukubambezela noma ukumisa umthetho ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene: ukuvimbela izikweletu abaziphikisayo, ukuphoqa ukuyekethisa, ukudonsela ukunakekela ezimpini, noma ukumane nje baphazamise izinhloso zeningi. Ithonya layo likhulu, ngokuvamile libangela ukufakwa kwemigqa ye-crock kodwa futhi ngezikhathi ezithile liphoqelela ukuba i-biparstanshist. Njengoba iSigele siqala ukunciphe kakhulu, ukuphakama nokuqina kwempi ye-Prealybuster kuye kwakhula, okubangela impikiswano engathi sína ngenguquko.

Uma i-filbuster isinda esimweni sayo samanje, ilungisiwe, noma iqediwe ixhomeke ekulinganiseni kwamandla nokucindezela komphakathi. Ukuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo nemiphumela yayo kubalulekile kunoma ubani olandela ezombangazwe zaseMelika. Ukuze uqhubeke ufunda, hlola [ i-Senate yegunya lekhasi le-[Foldbusters kanye ne-jamplication [[FLT:] [FLT:]], [[FLT]] [FLT]], [[FLT]] Brenan] i-Crenaltalment yocwaningo lwenkonzo ye-Filiverst [[FLT:] [[FLT]] umbiko wezenemist, futhi unikeze i-Pronsone, nohlelo lwezimposiso se-Prome.