Amalungelo omshado amelela isisekelo sokuqashelwa ngokomthetho kanye nokufakwa kwezenhlalo kwabantu ngabanye, okungadluli kakhulu izimpawu ezingokwesiko. Lamalungelo ahlela indlela abantu abakwehliswayo abasebenzelana ngayo nezimiso zomthetho, athinta yonke into kusukela ekuhlolweni kwempilo ukuze ivikeleke. Uma ukulingana komshado kuqashelwa, asusa imingcele evimbela ukuqina kwezimiso ezingokomthetho eziye zavimbela i-LGBTQ, abantu ekufuneni ubulungisa, ekuvikeleni imikhaya yabo, nasekufinyeleleni izinkonzo zomphakathi ezibalulekile. Nokho, ezindaweni lapho amalungelo omshado ehlala encintiswaneni noma ephiwe, imiphumela iba mincane: LBBTQ ibheke ukukhubazeka okungokomthetho, ukunciphiswa kwezindawo zokuqondisa, izinhlangano zokuphatha, nezokuthuthukisa inhlalakahle. Lesi sihloko sihlola ubuhlobo obuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwamalungelo omphakathi nezokukhokhwazwa ngobulungisa phakathi kwe-LT, i-LGTQ, izibalo ezihlola izinselele ezingokomthetho nokuhlola izinselele ezingokomthetho.

Isisekelo: Ukuqashelwa Ngokomthetho Nezici Zakho Zobulungisa

Ukuqashelwa okungokomthetho kwemishado efanayo obulili kwenza okungaphezu kokwenza ubuhlobo buqine; kudala isimo esisobala esingokomthetho okufanele sivunywe ohulumeni nezinhlangano. Lokhu kuqaphela kumisa uhlelo lwamalungelo nemithwalo yemfanelo ethinta ngokuqondile ukufinyelela ukwahlulela ngokulunga. Uma umshado uqashelwa ngokomthetho, abashadile bathatha ukuma okuzenzekelayo emacaleni angokomthetho, ezindabeni zefa, nezinqumo zokunakekela impilo. Kubantu ngabanye, lokhu kumiswa okungokomthetho kuvame ukusho umehluko phakathi kokuzwakala enkantolo noma ukulahlwa njengesihambi esingokomthetho emikhayeni yabo siqu.

Ukwenziwa Kwesinqumo Nobulungisa Bezokwelapha

Enye yezinzuzo ezisheshayo ezihlobene kakhulu nobulungisa bamalungelo omshado ikhono lokwenza izinqumo zezokwelapha kumngane womshado. Ezindaweni ezingalingani nomshado, iLGBTQ+ abantu baye banqatshelwa ukungena emagunjini abo esibhedlela, bavinjelwa ekuvumeni ukuyela ekwelashweni okusindisa ukuphila, futhi abakhishwayo ekupheleni kokuhlelwa kwamalungelo omshado. ISishaya-Human Rights ISishaya-Human Rights [[[FLLT:1]] Izethende izenzakalo eziningi lapho izisebenzi zasesibhedlela zenqaba khona ukuqaphela abantu abangaboni abafazi-estelene, ziphoqelela imikhaya ukuba iqashe abameli ukuba babe khona ngezikhathi ezibucayi zokwelapha. Umshado ongokomthetho ususa lemingcele ngokunikeza izivumelwano ezicacile zesimo esilandelayo se-snkimbini, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iLGT-Q+ abantu ngabanye ukuba basebenzise ilungelo labo lokwaziswa, nokusebenza kolwazi.

Ifa Namalungelo Empahla

Ngaphandle kokuqashelwa komshado, imibhangqwana engokobulili obufanayo ivame ukungabi namalungelo okuzuza ifa. Leligebe elisindayo liphoqelelwa ukuba kube nezimpi zenkantolo ezithatha isikhathi eside ukuze bafune impahla, ama-akhawunti omhlala phansi, noma ngisho nokuhlala ndawonye kombhangqwana. Imithetho engokomthetho inikeza lezi zinqubo, ukukhulula ifa lokufa nokudlulisa izinkinga ze-probate. Ilungelo lomshado laseMelika i-Covin Liberesties Union ([[FLT: 0]] ACLU) iqokomisa ukuthi ngaphambi kokuba isilinganiso somshado, LGBTQ+ abangane bomshado abashonelwe yizikhathi eziningi lilahlekelwa yikho konke ngenxa yokuthi izinkantolo aziboni ubuhlobo babo. Ngakho amalungelo omshado asebenza njengethuluzi elibucayi lobulungisa bezomnotho, ukuvikela abantu abasengozini ekubulaweni ngemva kokufa komngane wabo.

Amalungelo Abazali Nelungelo Lokuthola Ilungelo Lomntwana

Umshado uvikela futhi amalungelo abazali abangongqingili kubazali ababodwa. Kulokhu kungaqashelwanga, abazali abangewona amalungu esizwe ebuhlotsheni obufanayo bobuhlobo obungokomthetho obuzenzekelayo ezinganeni abazikhulisayo. Leligebe lidala ukushendeka okukhulu: ezimpikiswaneni zelungelo lokuhlala nabantwana noma ukuhlukana, umzali ongaqashelwa ngokomthetho anganqunywa ngokuphelele ezinganeni zabo. Ukulingana komshado kuqinisekisa ukuthi bobabili abashadile baqashelwa njengabazali abasemthethweni, ukunikeza isisekelo sokuzwana ngokungakhethi kwelungelo lokugcina inyumba futhi kuvimbele ukucwa kwecala lomkhaya.

Ukungalingani Kwendlela Yokuthola Ubulungisa Phakathi Kwe - LGBTQ + Inani Labantu

Nakuba amalungelo omshado esiza abantu abaningi abashadile, izinzuzo azinakwa ngendlela elinganayo. Izici eziphikisanayo njengohlanga, ubuzwe, izenhlalo, ubulili, kanye nokufuduka zihlanganisa izinselele ezibhekene nokwehlukana okukhulu emphakathini. Kulamazwe, ngisho nasemazweni anesilinganiso somshado, imingcele engokobulungisa ihlala ibalulekile.

Izithiyo Ezingefani: Uhlanga, Isigaba, Nezimpawu Zohlobo

U-Black no-Indida LGBTQ, kanye nalabo abavela kwezinye izizwe, ngokuvamile babhekana nobandlululo olungokwesimiso olungenakulungiseka amalungelo omshado kuphela. Ngokwesibonelo, owesifazane omnyama okhaphela i-translate emshadweni oqashelwe ngokomthetho angase abhekane nonya lwamaphoyisa, ukucwaswa, noma ubandlululo lomsebenzi okungekho kuwo i-cesder nolwemithetho emhlophe. International Lesbian, Gay, Bieana, Transatex Association (Izwe Lomhlaba) imibiko yokuthi emazweni amaningi, ngisho nalapho ukulingana komshado kukhona, ukumiswa kwemithetho elwa nomthetho elwayo elwayo i-LGBT+ abantu abambalwa. Ukunciphisana kwezomnotho kuhlala kunezici ezingenise izimpikiswano eziphansi: i-LT Transenexten Association (ILGA Exten Association) syncreat Association (indect) izikhulu ze-mist projectssssssssswords, inqaba, abaqashi abambalwa, abaqashi, aba

I-Gender inezela olunye ungqimba lobunkimbinkimbi. Abantu abangekho ababhilidi bavame ukubhekana nezithiyo zomthetho ezihlobene nezinguquko zegama nezingabobulili, ezingabangela ukuba kube nzima ukuhlanganisa izivumelwano zomshado. Amanye amagunya adinga ukuhlinzwa kobulili ngaphambi kokuvuselela, ukwakha imingcele yokuthola imvume yomshado ebonisa ukuthi umuntu ungubani ngempela. Ngaphandle kwezincwadi ezifanele, ukudlulisa abantu kungase kungakwazi ukufinyelela izinzuzo ezingcono noma ukufakazela isikhundla sabo somshado enkantolo, futhi ngokuphumelelayo ukuwaphika isivikelo sobulungisa okuthi umshado ulindeleke ukuba unikeze.

Izithiyo Ezingokomthetho Ekungakuqapheli Ukulahlwa Kwecala

Ezindaweni lapho ukulingana komshado kungafinyelelwanga khona, ukuswelakala kokwazisa kubangela imiphumela engathi sína yokucwaswa ngokomthetho. Ngokwesibonelo, engxenyeni enkulu ye-Afrika, i-Asia, nezingxenye ze-intshi, ubuhlobo obufanayo obungaqondakali nje kuyaphazanyiswa, hhayi nje ukuba kungaqashelwa. Kule mibandela, ukufuna ubulungisa ngenxa yobudlova basekhaya, ukungezwani kwefa, noma ukufa okungalungile kubangela ukuba ubudlelwane ngokwabo bungavunyelwe ngokomthetho. Amaphoyisa anganqaba ukuphenya ubugebengu obumelene neLBBTQ+ abantu ngabanye, futhi izinkantolo zingawalahla ngokuphelele amacala. Icala Bll v. [United Kingdom neNkanto efanayo yeNkakhulu yaseYurophu yokubusa kwabantu kungabonisa indlela ukungana kobuswa kwenkululeko nokuphila komkhaya.

Ngisho nasemazweni aqaphela ngokwesilinganiso, njengenyunyana yomphakathi noma ubudlelwano basekhaya, izikhala zobulungisa zibalulekile. Izinyunyana zombango ngokuvamile aziwaniki wonke amalungelo ahlangene nomshado, ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene nokuqashelwa kwesizwe, izinzuzo zokufuduka, noma isivikelo sobungane ngaphansi komthetho wobugebengu. Ngokwesibonelo, umbhangqwana osenhlanganweni yomphakathi komunye uhulumeni wase-U.S.

Intuthuko Nezinselele Eziqhubekayo: Ukubheka Imbulunga Yonke

Ukulingana komshado kuye kwashintsha kakhulu emashumini eminyaka amuva. Kusukela ngo-2025, amazwe angaphezu kuka-35 aye abhalisa umshado ongokobulili obufanayo, anika izigidi zabantu i-LGBTQ ukuqashelwa ngokomthetho kanye nesivikelo esihambisana nawo. Kodwa intuthuko ayikalingani, futhi ngisho nasemazweni anezilinganiso zomshado ezimisiwe, izinselele ziyaphikelela.

Amazwe Alinganayo Emshadweni: Inzuzo Nezigebengu

E-United States, isinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme ngo 2015 sembula ukuthi imibhangqwana emnyama ne-Latinx isanda kuthola ukulingana kwemishado ezweni lonke. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ukucwaninga kuye kwabonisa ukwehla okuphawulekayo kobandlululo olumelene ne-LGBTQ+ abantu abanobukhazikhazi bezempilo. Nokho, ukuhlola kwembula nokuthi imibhangqwana efana ne-Latinx isalokhu ithola isilinganiso esiphansi somshado nemiphumela engcono yempilo uma iqhathaniswa nemibhangqwana emhlophe, kusikisela ukuthi amalungelo omshado kuphela awanakunqoba ubandlululo lwezinhlanga. ENingizimu Afrika, esemthethweni emisha efanayo ngo-20065 + abantu abansundu futhi ekhulelane izingandophini ezingaphezulu zobudlova, futhi iveza ukuqamba ubudlova obungagunyazelele ekulandweni noma ekulandweni okungokomthetho kwezenzweni.

Izifunda Ezingaqashelwa: Ukulwa Kuyaqhubeka

Ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, ukulingana komshado kusalokhu kuwumgomo oqhele kakhulu. E-Uganda, i-Anti - Homotheratity Act ka-2023 iphonsa izijeziso ezinzima ebuhlotsheni obufanayo bobuhlobo bobulili, iphumelela ukonakalisa noma yiluphi uhlobo lobungane. Imithetho efanayo ikhona eRussia, eNigeria, nezingxenye zeMpuma Ephakathi. Kulezi zifunda, ukufinyelela ekwahlulelweni kwe-LGBTQ+ abantu abakhohliswanga nje kuphela kodwa bacinezelwe ngokunamandla. Izenzo zokulwa, futhi izisulu zobudlova noma ukucwaswa azina nalutho ngokomthetho ngenxa yokuthi zona ngokwazo ziphathwa njengobugebengu. [[FLT:] Izenzo zezizwe zonke[FLT:] zisebenza ukuze kukhishwe futhi kuviswe isivikelo sezizwe zonke, kodwa ukuvinjelwe izikhali zomshado ezivamile aziphumi ngokomthetho.

Iziteshi Eziwuhlelo Zokudlulisela Ukufinyelela Ekulungeni

Ukuthuthukisa ukufinyelela kobulungisa ku-LGBTQ + imiphakathi idinga indlela eqondene kakhulu edlula ukuqashelwa komshado kuphela. Nakuba ukulingana komshado kuyithuluzi elinamandla, kumelwe kuhlanganiswe nezinguquko ezingokomthetho ezibanzi, ukuqeqeshwa komphakathi, kanye namandla okwakha ushintsho oluhlala njalo.

Izinguquko Ezingokomthetho Neziyalezo Eziqanjiwe

Abameleli kumelwe baqhubeke bephoqelela ukulingana komshado ngemithetho lapho kungaqashelwa khona, besebenzisa kokubili izimiso zenkantolo yesizwe namalungelo abantu emhlabeni wonke. Ukuhlelwa kwamacala, njengamacala alethwa phambi kweNkantolo yaseMelika Elwela Amalungelo Abantu noma iKomiti yeZizwe Ezihlangene yamalungelo Abantu, kungamisa izibonelo ezibophayo ohulumeni okumelwe bazilandele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinguquko ezingokomthetho kufanele zixazulule izigebe ezikhona ngisho nasemazweni anesilinganiso somshado, njengokuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu abangewona amabhange abakhiphi abakhi abakhi bemithetho yomshado, nokuthi imishado efanayo iqashelwa emingceleni yesizwe ngenxa yezinjongo zokufuduka, ifa, nokulondeka komphakathi.

Ukuqeqeshelwa Izisebenzi Ezingokomthetho Nezezokwahlulela

Ngisho noma amalungelo omshado ekhona ephepheni, awasho lutho uma amajaji, amaphoyisa, nonobhala basenkantolo bengawaphoqeleli. Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha ezingokomthetho zokugcinwa komthetho, izikhungo zosizo olungokomthetho, nezikhulu zokwahlulela zibalulekile. Ukuqeqeshwa okunjalo akumelwe kuhlanganise nje izimfuneko ezingokomthetho zokulingana komshado kuphela kodwa futhi nendlela yokusebenzelana ngenhlonipho ne LGBTQ + abantu ngabanye, baqaphele ubandlululo olusobala, nokusingatha amacala ahilela ukudlulisa noma ukuhlangana kwezindawo ngesithunzi. Izifunda zika-U. izifunda zika-U.S. eziningi ziye zasungula ukuqeqeshelwa okungokwesiko okungokweqikelelwa abahluleli benkantolo yomkhaya, okuholela ekubeni kube nemiphumela engcono kakhulu ekuboshweni ngelungelo nokutholwa nangangeniswa abazali abadinga abazali abakanye.

Imfundo Yomphakathi Nokufunda Ngokusemthethweni

I-LGBTQ eningi, ikakhulukazi labo abahlala emiphakathini ephansi, abaziwa amalungelo anikezwa umshado noma indlela yokusebenzisa lawomalungelo. Izinhlelo zemfundo engokomthetho ezisekelwe emphakathini zinganika abantu amandla okuhlela izimo eziphuthumayo, ukuhlela iziqondiso eziphambili, futhi baqonde indlela yokuthola izinzuzo eziphezulu empilweni, ezintela, nenhlalakahle yezenhlalo. Izinhlangano ezinjengeNational Center for Lesbian Rights (] NCLR) zinikeza iziluleko ezingokomthetho ezikhululekile futhi zazi izikhundla zakho ezigxile ezingeni ezigxile ekuvikeleni zomshado ezihlobene nezomthetho, zisiza ibhulohobe phakathi kokuqashelwa okungokomthetho nokutholakala kobulungisa.

Indima Yemisebenzi Yamalungelo Abantu Emhlabeni Wonke

Umthetho wamalungelo abantu wezizwe zonke unikeza indlela ebalulekile yokuthuthukisa amalungelo omshado nokuthola imvume yokulunga kwe-LGBTQ+ yezakhamuzi. ISimemezelo somhlaba Wonke samaLungelo angabantu siqinisekisa ilungelo lokushada futhi sithole umkhaya, izindikimba ezinamalungelo abantu eziye zachazwa ngokwandayo ukuba zihlanganise imibhangqwana efanayo ehlangene nobulili obungafani. I-Yogankarta Principles, isethi yezimiso zamazwe onke ekusetshenzisweni komthetho wamalungelo abantu ekuqondiseni isimilo socansiswni nobuhlobo obubodwa nobulili, iqinisekisa ngokucacile ilungelo lokuqaphela ngokomthetho ubuhlobo obubodwa. Nakuba lezi zinsimbi zingaboshiciwe kuwo wonke amazwe, zinikeza uhlaka lwemithetho efuna ukuvikelwa kwemithetho yezentethelelo ebekela inselele phambi kwemiyamazwe.

Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-2018, iNkantolo yaseMelika yamaLungelo abantu yakhipha umbono wesimemezelo esithi zonke izifundazwe ezisayinayo kumelwe zivume umshado ofanayo wobulili. Lo mbono uye wabangela izinguquko ezingokomthetho emazweni amaningana ase-Latin America, kuhlanganise neCosta Rica ne-Ecuador. Ngokufanayo, iNkantolo yaseYurophu yamaLungu yamaLungelo abantu iye yanquma ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi ukuhluleka ukunikeza ukuqashelwa okungokomthetho kobuhlobo obufanayo bobuhlobo obusebuhlaleni buphula iSiphakamiso 8 (kungaphandleni nasemikhayeni) soMhlanga waseYurophu weSivumelwano Wamalungelo Abantu. Lokhu kunqoba kwezizwe kuveza ukuthi amalungelo esizwe awakona nje kuphela ukuzikhethela kwemithetho kodwa amalungelo abantu ayisisekelo athinta ukufinyelela isahlulelo sezigidi.

Isiphetho

Amalungelo omshado ayisu lokuthuthukisa ukufinyelela kobulungisa obuncishisiwe kwe-LGBTQ+ imiphakathi, kodwa awayona indinganiso ehlangeneyo noma ihlangane. Ukuqaphela ngokomthetho ubuhlobo obufanayo bobulili kunikeza ukuma okubalulekile ezinkantolo, izilungiselelo zempilo, nezinhlelo zefa, ukunciphisa ukungezwani okuye kwashiya i-LGBTQ ngokomlando ngaphandle kokukhokha. Nokho izinzuzo zomshado zicwengisiswa ngezimiso zezinhlanga ezikhona, ezezomnotho, nezezezezezesilisa ubulili, okusho ukuthi abantu abaningi abahlala bengaphansi kwemithetho bagcinwa ngisho nangemva komshado. Ngoba labo abasezandleni zomshado abalinganayo, ukungazinaki kuyisithiyo engokomthetho ekwazi ukunqotshwa kuphela ngokushintsha kwezenhlalakahle nezenhlalo.

Indlela engaphambili idinga ukuqhubekelwa phambili ukuhlanganiswa kwe-LGBTQ ukuze ifanelane nomshado kuzo zonke izindawo, ihlangene nezinguquko ezihleliwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukuqashelwa okungokomthetho kuguqula kube yisivikelo sangempela sezwe. Ukuqeqeshelwa ochwepheshe bezezomthetho, imfundo yomphakathi, namalungelo omphakathi emhlabeni wonke konke kudlala indima enzima. Ekugcineni, ukufinyelela ekwahluleleni iLGBTQ elinganiselweyo esemthethweni, kodwa inqubo eqhubekayo yokususa umthetho, izenhlalo, nezomnotho ezivimbela abantu ekusebenziseni amalungelo abo ngokugcwele. Amalungelo omshado ayisinyathelo esibalulekile kulolo hambo, kodwa indawo esendaweni lapho iLBGTQ ingumuntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungowesitho lwesizwe, noma uqobo, angathola khona isithunzi.