Isisekelo Sokondleka Kwesikole: Indlela Imithetho Kahulumeni Ethonya Ngayo Lokho Abafundi Abakudlayo

Izinhlelo zesikole zasemini zisebenza njengesivikelo esibucayi ezigidini zezingane kulo lonke elase-United States, zinikeza ukudla okumelekela umthombo wokondleka othembeke kakhulu osukwini lwazo. Izinga, ukutholakala, nokudla okunomsoco kwalokhu kudla akushiywanga ngengozi; ziwumphumela oqondile wolwembuko oluyinkimbinkimbi lukahulumeni, umbuso, nezimiso zikahulumeni wendawo. Ukuqonda indlela lemithetho esebenza ngayo, lapho iphumelela khona, nalapho ihluleka khona ukuba ibaluleke kunoma ubani ohilelekile emfundweni, empilweni yomphakathi, noma emphakathini. Lesi sihloko sihlola ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, ukuhleleka okuqhubekayo, umehluko okuqhubekayo kwezwe, izinselele zikahulumeni, izinselele eziqhubekayo, nokuthambekela okuvelayo okuchaza ubuhlobo phakathi kwesimiso sikahulumeni nezinhlelo zesikole.

Ukuziphendukela Kwemvelo Okungokomlando: Ukusuka Ekuncipheni Kwezinto Eziningi Kuya Endinganisweni Yokudla

Umthetho Ka - 1946 We - National School Lunch: A Postwar Safety Net

Isimiso sesikole sosuku lwanamuhla sezemini silandela umsuka waso weNational School Lunch Act (NSA) ka-1944, sasayinwa umthetho nguMongameli uHarry Truman. Isenzo sashukunyiswa izinkathazo ezimbili eziyinhloko: okokuqala, isidingo sokubhekana nokungondleki kwezinsizwa ezabunjwa phakathi kweMpi Yezwe II, okwaveza ukuswela kokudla okusakazelelwe kakhulu; futhi okwesibili, isifiso sokwakha intengo eqinile yempahla yezolimo. INSA yamisa i-FLDA yeSikole seSikole sasezweni uLunch Programme (NLP) [FLT)] [FLT], eyanikeza ukusekela kwezentengo yomphakathi ukuthi kuhlanganyelwe izimfuneko ezithile zokudla futhi incipheke kakhulu. Lokhu kuveza ukufaneleka kwezentengo yomthetho wesikole sokudla kokubili, isilinganiso sezezolimo yezemfundo yezemfundo yezemfundo.

I - Act ka - 1966 ethi Ukudla Okunomsoco Kubantwana: Ukuthola Imvume Ebanzi Nokunezela I - Breakstant

Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili kamuva, [[FLT: 0] uMthetho weNhlalo yonyaka ka-1966 wandisa i-NSLP futhi wagunyaza ngokusemthethweni i- School Greast Program (SBP)[[FLL:3] njengomqondisi womshayeli wendiza. Isenzo saqaphela ukuthi ukudla kwasekuseni kwakubaluleke ngokulinganayo emsebenzini wolwazi nokusebenza kwemfundo, ikakhulukazi kubantwana abavela emakhaya angenayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-SBP yakhula isuka kumshayeli we-SP yenza uhlelo oluphansi lwezingane oluhlala njalo, manje esezikhonza izingane ezingaphezu izigidi ezingu-14 ngosuku. I-Child Convection Act yaveza futhi i-Dromestry Program nokuqondisa izinga, ibeka isisekelo sokulungisa inguquko kamuva.

Umthetho Ka - 2010 Ophathelene Nokuphila Okunempilo, Okhululekile Kakhulu: Inkathi Yezokudla

Isilinganiso esibaluleke kakhulu sezindinganiso zokudla zasesikoleni safika nge- Heary, Honger-Free Kids Act (HHFKA) ka-2010, esekelwa yi-Four Lady Michelle Obama. Lomthetho waqondisa i-U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) ukuvuselela izinga lokudla okunomsocolo kuzo zonke izikole, kuhlanganise nokudla okuthengiswayo kanye neziphuzo ezithengiswe ngemishini ethengisayo kanye ne-à lacarte migla. Izinguquko eziyinhloko zahlanganisa ukufuna ukuba abafundi banikezwe izinhlobonhlobo zezithelo nemifino, okuyizingasindolo ezingaphezulu kakhulu kwezingu 50% ezicebile, futhi ezithengwayo noma ezingekho kakhulu. I-HFA futhi inzuzo yezenyuka ezikoleni ezinikezwayo futhi inzuzo yezenezenezezezeze izikole zesikole futhi ithole lokudla intela yesikole.

Imithetho Yamanje Engokwesifazane: Umsebenzi Olawula Isikole Namuhla

Izindinganiso Zokudla Ezise - USDA Zezokudla Esikoleni

I-USDA’s Food ne Nutrition Service [[FFLT:1] imisa izimfuneko eziningiliziwe zokudla okudingwa yizo zonke izikole ezihlanganyela kuyi-NSLP kumelwe zilandele. Lezizindinganiso zisekelwe kumaDiatery Guideline aseMelika futhi zibuye zishintshwe ngezikhathi ezithile. Okwamanje, ukudla kwasemini kwasemini okufanele kunikeze isilinganiso esisodwa sesithathu semali edliwayo yemali ephuzwayo, iprotheni, i-icium, i-iron, i-vitamin, i-vithamini C. Isidlo kumelwe sihlanganise izakhi ezinhlanu: inyama, izikhwebu, izithelo, imifino, nobisi. Imithetho ethile ilawula izinga lebanga lezinga, isilinganiso sadium namafutha, nokuvithiwe. Izikole ezidayiswayo ezinkomeni ezimbalwa nje ngosuku olulodwa, futhi kumelwe zihlanganiswe nakusetshenziswa ezinkonzweni zezithelo ezithenjiswe ezisezweni zesikoleni ezisemuva, ezisezweni zesikoleni ezihlanganisa i-F3, ezisenya, ezise zithe, ezihlanganisa imishini,

Ukusebenzisa Imali Kahulumeni Nokusetshenziswa Kwayo Ngemishini

Imali eyisisekelo yezinhlelo zesikole zokudla kwasemini. Izikole zithola imali eshisiwe kuhulumeni yokudla okudliwayo, nezinga eliphakeme lokudla okulungiselelwe abafundi abafanele ukudla okukhululekile noma okuncishisiwe. Ngonyaka wesikole wamashumi amabini24-2025, i-USDA izikhokhelo zezikole cishe ezingu-R3,25 ezikhokhelwa ukudla kwasemini kwamahhala, amaR3, amaR3,85 ngenani elincishisiwe lesidlo sasemini, kanye nama-$0, ama-$0 (0) ekudleni kwasemini okukhokhelwa. Izilinganiso zemali ehlawulwa ngesihle sokudla ezinikezwayo ngonyaka ngokusebenzisa i-Consumer Price Index. Ukukhokha imali enciswayo, izinhlelo ezikhokhelwayo, inzuzo, izinhlelo zemali kanye nezinhlelo ezikhokhelwayo, izindleko zokudla, izindleko zesikole, izindleko ezikhokhelwayo, nezimali ezikhokhelwayo, futhi ezikhokhelwayo ezimponywayo, ezinye izimali zezisebenzi, noma ezinkosweni zemali ezikhokhelwayo, ezikhokhelwayo, ezinye izimali zezisebenzi.

Ukuphepha Nokugada Kokudla

Amakhefi esikole kumelwe avumelane nemithetho kahulumeni neyomnyango wezempilo wendawo kanye neziqondiso zikahulumeni ngaphansi kwe- Food Safety Modertization Act (FSMA). Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukugcina amazinga okudla afanele, ukuvimbela ukuncitshiswa kwemisebe, nokusebenzisa izinqubo zokuhlasela kwe-Humousticus Critical Control Point (I-HACCCC). Izikole nazo zihlelwa ukubukezwa ngezikhathi ezithile yizinhlangano zemfundo ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthi isilinganiso sokudla sihambisana nezimfuneko zokudla. Ukuhluleka ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso kungaphumela ekunciphiseni intengo yemali noma ukulahlekelwa izinhlelo zohlelo. Eminyakeni yamuva, ukukhathalela ukuqubuka kokudla okuhlobene nokudla okuhlobene nesikole esidla ukudla kuye kwabangela ukuhlolwa kakhulu nokulandele, ikakhulukazi ukukhiqiniswa kwemizwa kwemizwa kakhulu kwemizwa emisha emisha emisha.

Izinguquko Zesilinganiso Sezwe: Indlela IPolicies Yendawo Elungisa Ngayo Inguquko Yendawo

Imidlalo yepulazi neyasendaweni eqalayo

Nakuba uhulumeni kahulumeni emisa i-baseline, usho ukuthi inenkululeko enkulu yokuyingenisa. Enye yezinyathelo ezithandwa kakhulu zikahulumeni yi- Farmar-tool[ ukunyakaza, okukhuthaza izikole ukuba zithenge ukudla kubalimi bendawo nabenzi be-indawo. Njengesibonelo, amazwe angaphezu kuka-2023, amise umthetho noma asungule izinhlelo zokusekela ipulazi-tomi ukuya esikoleni. Lezi zinhlelo zingathatha isimo se "Harvest yeNyakathi", imisebenzi yesikole, izinhlelo zesikole, noma izivumelwano zesikole, noma ukuthenga ngokuqondile izivumelwano zamapulazi eziseduze. [[FOLD:] i-FORD] i-D [FF:3] isekela izinhlelo zesikole zokuxhasa ukuqoqa ipulazi zemfundo, ukulungiselela izinhlelo zezindawo zensimu, ukuhlanganisa izinhlelo zezemfundo zezemfundo zezemfundo, noma izinhlelo zokuhlola izinhlelo zezentengo.

Imfundo Yokudla Nokushintsha Kwesimiso Sokwelapha

Izifunda eziningi zigunyaza ukuba izikole zihlanganise imfundo yokondleka njengengxenye yezifundo zempilo noma zesayensi. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Oregon ifuna ukuba abafundi abasemamakini e-K-12 bathole imfundo efanelekile ngemikhuba yokudla okunempilo, ukuphepha kokudla, nezinzuzo zokusebenza ngokomzimba. Ezinye izifundazwe, njenge New York, ziye zafuna ukuba imfundo yokudla ukudla ihlanganiswe nesimiso sokudla sasesikoleni ngokwaso, njengasemikhosini yokunambitha noma emibhikisweni yokupheka. Lemizamo isiza abafundi ukuba bathuthukise ulwazi namakhono ukuze benze izinqumo ezinempilo kokubili esikoleni nasekhaya.

Enye Indlela Yokudla Nezindawo Zokudla

Izimiso zikahulumeni zithonya futhi uhide lwezindlela zokudla ezikhona. ICalifornia ne New York bezingabaholi ekukhuthazeni izihloko ezisekelwe ezitshalweni nakumasiko asodwa. Ngo-2019, iDolobha laseNew York laba isifunda sokuqala sesikole esikhulu sokusebenzisa "UMvulo ongenalutho" kuzo zonke izikole zomphakathi, isimiso esisekelwa yisilinganiso sesigaba sokudla esikhona. Ngokufanayo, inani elandayo lamazwe afuna izikole zinikeze imifino noma iziqondiso ezicacile noma ivegan njengendawo yokuhlala ekhethekile, ebonisa kokubili izinqubo zokudla nokucabangela okungokwenkolo. I-United States iyahluka futhi ngendlela abasingatha ngayo ukulungisa ukudla ngenxa yokudla kwabafundi ngokudla okungenamdla, izimo zezokwelapha, noma imingcele yokudla, ngokunikeza iziqondiso ezicacile nokushintshashintshashintshashintshashintshashintshayo kunezenye ezinye izinkolo.

Izinselele Eziqhubekayo Ezibhekene Nezinhlelo Zesikole Zokudla

Iziteshi Zokusetshenziswa Kwemali Nezindleko Zokuhweba Ngezindleko

Naphezu kokusekelwa uhulumeni, iminyango eminingi yezokudla yesikole isebenza ngokubomvu. Ukuhlolwa kweSimiso sobuhlaziyi kwathola ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angu-80 ezinhlelo zokudla zasesikoleni abika amaphutha emali engokwezimali, kanye nezindleko ezinyukayo, iholo lezisebenzi, kanye nokungahleleki okungasho ukuthi bashayeli abaphambili. Uma izimali ziqinile, izikole zingashintsha zibe ukudla okushibhile, okushibhile okuhlangabezana nezindinganiso ezilinganiselwe zokudla okunomsocoko kodwa okungathandeki nokukhanga ukudla okuphelele. Inseleleka ngenxa yeqiniso lokuthi izindleko zemali zivame ukulahlekelwa izindleko ezingokoqobo, kuphoqelela izifunda ukuba zikhuphule intengo yemali yokudla okukhokhelwa abafundi noma ukukhushulwa kwemishini futhi zikhushushiswe.

Ukudla Okubi: Inkinga Yesimiso Somzimba

Izikole zokudla zikhiqiza izilinganiso ezinkulu zokudla okungadliwe, kokubili kusukela ezintweni ezidiliziwe ezithayiwe kubafundi nasekhishini. Izibalo zisikisela ukuthi i-30% kuya ku-50% yakho konke ukudla okudliwayo kuyachithwa ezikoleni. Izici eziningi zinezela kulenkinga: izikhawu zemini zokudla okufushane ezinganikezi abafundi isikhathi esanele sokudla; ukuhlela okuvimbela ukuba ukudla kunikezwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma sebusuku kakhulu; futhi izinto zemenyu abafundi abazithola zingaphunyuliswanga, ikakhulukazi isithelo nemifino edingekayo. Uma kuphendulwa, ezinye izikole ziye zasungula amatafula" amashabhu anele" lapho abafundi benganikela khona ngokungadingwanga izimpahla, noma izinhlelo zokuphothanga ezikhucushwayo. Nokho, izinhlelo ezinjalo, futhi azina nezinguquko ezisemkhambini zeze ngokuncishiswa kwemifikishosho yezakhi ezimposo ezimposo.[FL:]

Imithwalo Yokubambisana Nenhlakanipho Yokuphatha

Ukumisa izimfuneko ezilayishwayo zikahulumeni, umbuso, kanye nezimiso zendawo kuyinselele enkulu kubaphathi besikole. i-USDA idinga ukugcinwa kwenani lokugcinwa kwenani lokudla, ukuqinisekiswa, kanye nokwaziswa kwemenyu. Izikole futhi kumelwe zivumelane nezimfuneko [ I-Community Eliganity Evementation (I-CEP), ezivumela izikole eziphezulu ezigcina ukudla ukuba zinikeze ukudla kwangaphandle kubo bonke abafundi ngaphandle kokuqoqa izinhlelo ezithile zomsebenzi othile. Izindawo ezincane noma zasemaphandleni ezinezikhungo zokuqondisa ezilinganiselwe, imimesesho nokuqeqesha kungakhuphula, ngezinye izikhathi kuholele ezikoleni eziphezulu ezingekho zincwadi kanye nenkokhiwo yemali.

Iziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo Nemikhuba Eyanqwabelana

Ukulondolozwa Kwezinto Nezimo Ezizungezile

Indawo ezungezile iqala ukuba ukucabangela okubaluleke kakhulu ekuhleleni ukudla esikoleni. Ezinye izigodi zithatha uhlu "lobuhlobo obunye" olugcizelela amaprotheni asekelwe ezitshalweni, ukunciphisa ukudla okubomvu, nokuhlela kabusha izithako ezisendaweni yazo. Izethulo ze-USDA zihlela futhi i-Daod ne Entertive Climate Act Plan ihlanganisa izibophezelo zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi eshisayo ezindaweni zesikoleni zokudla, nakuba izifiso eziqondile zisasungulwa. Izikole zizama ukunciphisa imfucucucucu, njengokusebenzisa amathi amabalazwe nezitsha ezithi ezithi, nokudla okudla okungena emaphakaleni. Lezi zihlolo eziza ukudanisa imfucumfucumfucu wezinga elibanzi nezokudlayo futhi zingaveza izindleko zesikhathi.

Ukushintsha Kwezobuchwepheshe: Ukusuka Ekuyani Kuya Emishinini

Ubuchwepheshe bulungele ukushintsha indlela izinhlelo zokondleka zesikole ezisebenza ngayo. Izimiso ze-Online zohlelo zivumela abafundi ukuba bakhethe ukudla okuthandwayo, banciphise udoti futhi banciphise ukukhiqizwa kwekhishi. Izimiso zekhofi-zomso-lethi ezixubene nemishini ehlanganisa ukudla kusiza ukubikezela nokulandelana kwezakhi zokudla ngesikhathi sangempela. Imishini yokunciphisa i-allytic ingahlukanisa izinto ezithandwayo nezingathandwayo nengathandwayo, ukwenza ushintsho lwemenyu olusekelwe ekukhetheni ukudla okuthandwayo kwabafundi. Ezinye izifunda zizama ukusungula ukuhlakanipha [ ukusungula nokuhlela ngokulinganisela, ukuncishiswa kwemfucumfucuko ngo-20% noma ngaphezulu. Nokho, izindleko eziphezulu zemishini yohlelo lwezinombolo zihlala ziwumngcele, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezindawo ezisezakhiwe phansi kwezindawo.

Ukuhlanganyela Emphakathini Nesidlo Somhlaba Wonke

Isifo se-COVOVAD-19 sandisa ukuthambekela ekudleni kwesikole okukhululekile emhlabeni wonke, njengoba abahluzi besikhashana bevumela izikole ukuba zinikeze ukudla ngaphandle kwenkokhelo yabo bonke abafundi. Nakuba lezo zigelekeqe zafa ngo-2022, amazwe amaningana (kuhlanganise iCalifornia, iMaine, iColorado, neMinnesota) zenza ukuba ukudla kwesikole okukhululekile kuhlale njalo. Lemithetho iqeda ihlazo elihlangene nezinhlelo zokudla kwasemini zamahhala, ukuphatha imfutho, futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi akukho mntwana olambayo. Ubufakazi bakuqala obuvela ezizweni ezinjengoCalifornia bubonisa amanani andayo nokunciphindwa kwemfucuko yokudla. Ukuhamba kwezindawo zokudla kuyo yonke indawo cishe kuyokhula, kanye nabameleli beveza ukuthi ukufinyelela ukudla okunomsoco kuyinto eyisisekelo okungaxhomekile okungaxhomekile eholweni yomkhaya.

Isiphetho

Izimiso zikahulumeni zikahulumeni, uhulumeni, nomphakathi wakhona zihlela kakhulu izinhlelo zesikole zasemini zasemini ezisiza amashumi ezigidi zezingane zaseMelika nsuku zonke. Kusukela kumthetho weSisekelo seSikolo seSikolo uLunch ka- 1946 kuya eMthethweni wokondleka oweHlathiwe, iNyango-Hunger-Free Kids Act ka 2010, umthetho kahulumeni umise ukumiswa komsombululo nokusebenza. Imithetho yoMbuso inezela izakhi zezinhlelo zokudla, kungaba ngezindlela zokuthuthukisa ipulazi kuya esikoleni, iziqondiso zemfundo yokondleka, noma izinhlelo zembulunga yonke. Kodwa izinselele eziphikelelayo zezentengo ezithiyo, imfucucucucu, imfucucu, imfucucu, imfucu, imfucu, imfucu enci yenkani eqinile. Njengoba izinhlangano ngamazinga amanani okudlayo, imfuno engeziwe, imfuneko yokudla, nokudla, inzuzo, imfuneko sokudla, nokukhula.

[[UMTH:0] Imithombo yemali ye-External:[