Imishini Eyimfihlo Yommeli

Isifungo sobumongameli sehhovisi singaphezu kakhulu kokufunda amagama abhalwe ngomcimbi. Siwunyaka owodwa oqonde kakhulu ngomthetho womthetho phakathi nakho konke ukushintsha kwamandla — isikhathi okumelwe sife ngaphandle kwephutha ngaphansi kwamehlo esizwe nokuhlolwa komthetho. Nakuba izibukeli zibona isenzakalo esifushane, esicwebezelayo kuthelevishini, iqiniso liwukuthi lokhu kulandelana kwemisho okufushane kuwumkhiqizo wezinyanga zokubukezwa okungokomthetho, ukubhalwa kwezakhiwo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kakhulu kokubukeza.

Isifungo ngokwaso, esisekelwe eSiphakamiso II, Ingxenye 1 yoMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S., silula ngokukhohlisayo: Ifunga ukuthi ngiyolikhipha ngokwethembeka iHhovisi likaMongameli wase-United States, futhi ngizolisebenzisa kahle kakhulu iqhinga lami, sigcine, sivikele futhi sivikele uMthetho-sisekelo wase-United States. Kodwa ukulungiselela kwalo kuhlanganisa isizinda esiyinkimbinkimbi sesiko, isimo esingokomthetho, kanye nokuhlela okuvumelanayo ukuthi bambalwa ngaphandle kweqembu loguqulo abake bafaka ubufakazi. Lesi sihloko sihlehlise ikhethisi ukuze sembule indlela umongameli acwaningwa ngayo, apraficiwe ngayo, futhi akhululwe ngokunelisayo.

Isisekelo Somthetho - sisekelo Nobukhulu Bomlando

Ukuqonda ukulungiselela kwanamuhla ngemva kwe-scences kudinga kuqala ukuqonda ukuthi kungani isifungo sinamandla amakhulu angokomthetho nangokomfanekiso. Abahleli boMthetho-sisekelo bafaka imfuneko yesifungo eSigabeni II ukuba babopha umongameli ngokomuntu siqu emthethweni ophakeme wezwe. Yonke imininingwane — ukusetshenziswa kwe "ingubo" vs. "Ingaqiniseki" ukubekwa ngesandla okungahlelekiyo embhalweni wenkolo, amagama aqondile — kuye kwaphikiswa futhi kwaxazululwa phakathi namakhulu eminyaka. Ikomiti ye-Constanalion Committery on Indial Ceremonies (JCIC) manje yengamela lesi senzakalo, kodwa isifungo ngokwaso ngokwaso siyaqhubeka singashintshiwe kusukela ngo-1789.

Phakathi neminyaka, izikhathi ezimbalwa zokufunga zaqala ukuchaza izinkumbulo zesizwe — kusukela kuGeorge Washington unezela "So ngisize ngithi Nkulunkulu" (umsho ongewona embhalweni womthetho-sisekelo kodwa manje ongokwesiko) kuMahluleli omkhulu uJohn Roberts okhubeka amagama phakathi nokunikezelwa kokuqala kukaBarack Obama, ukuveza izimpawu zangasese ngosuku olulandelayo. Lezizenzakalo zigcizelela ukuthi kungani ukulungiselela kungesona isenzakalo sokunethezeka kodwa isidingo. Isifungo asisona nje esingokomfanekiso; sigcwalisa imfuneko esingokomthetho sokugabisa isikhundla. Uma isifungo sinikezwa ngokungafanele — ngisho nangohlamvu olulodwa olulahlekileyo — umthetho-sisekelo wesimemezelo.

Isibonelo esingokomlando sinikeza futhi iziqondiso zokulingisa. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemva kokuphambuka kuka-2009, i-Obama White House yasungula inqubo enzima kakhulu yokufunga esikhathini esizayo, kuhlanganise nokuzilungiselela ngasese eMapu House of White House. I-JCIC inikeza iziqondiso eziningiliziwe [ eziye zashintsha ukuze zingahlanganisi nje umbhalo kodwa isifungo, ukubekwa kwezandla, nokubekwa kwesandla, kanye nesikhathi esihlobene nedilitha lentambo yezibhamu lama- 21. Iqembu ngalinye lomphathi ukuhlolwa ngalezi zifundo ezingokomlando ukuze ligweme amaphutha aphindanayo.

Iqembu Elibonakala Kule Mikhakha

Ukulungiselela isifungo sobumongameli akuwona umzamo owedwa. iqembu elizinikezele liqala ukusebenza ezinyangeni ezithile ngaphambi koSuku Lokwahlulela, ngokuvamile liqala ngokushesha ngemva kwemiphumela yokhetho.

Iseluleko Esingokomthetho Esishintshile Nabaqondisi Bomthetho - sisekelo

Iqembu elincane labameli bomthetho-mthetho olawulayo phakathi kweqembu loguqulo lomongameli lihola ekuqinisekiseni amagama esifungo avumelana noMthetho-sisekelo nanoma yiziphi izimfuneko zombuso owengeziwe. Babonisa ukudlula okuqondile okuvela eMgqonyeni weSivumelwano, baqinisekisa ukuthi umongameli ukhetha "isifungo" noma "isibambiso," futhi babhale isinqumo. Ama-Lawyy abuye afushane umongameli okhethayo ezicini ezingokomthetho — ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi isifungo sibabophambanisa ukuba basekele uMthetho - sisekelo ngisho nalapho uphikisana nezinkolelo zabo siqu noma izithembiso. Lesi sisekelo esingokomthetho siwungwengwengwengwe sokuqala sokulungiselela.

IKomiti Yezomthetho Nezazi Zemithetho Ekhethekile

U-JCCIC umisa "umxhumanisi omisiwe" ophatha ama-logastics angokomzimba: ukubekwa kwama-dais, ukubekwa kombhobho, ukukhethwa kweBhayibheli noma enye incwadi, kanye nesikhathi sokungena koMahluleli Omkhulu. Lomphathi-mnyango usebenza eduze nenhloko yendlu yemithetho elandelwayo neqembu lomphathi ophumayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho mininingwane. Bahlela futhi "ukuhamba-cavar" ukudwebela — ngokuvamile kuthathelwe emasontweni amabili ngaphambi komkhosi, bese kuthi futhi kuphinde kufike ubusuku obungaphambili, futhi ekugcineni umnyango ovaliwe uhamba ekuseni ngoSuku Losuku lwe-Inugronation.

Abalobi Nezinkulumo

Nakuba isifungo ngokwaso silungisiwe, izikhathi ezisizungezile — njengommeli owenziwe ngekhanda kamongameli, icue ukuba aphakamise isandla sokudla, futhi ame phambi "kaNkulunkulu" — zihlelwa ngababhali abakhulumayo nabaphathi bezokuxhumana. Basungula izinkulumo ezishintshayo ezandulela isifungo futhi baqinisekise ukuthi umongameli wazi kahle lapho eqala ukukhuluma. Ekubukeleni, laba babheki bagijima phakathi kwawo wonke amaqoqo, kuhlanganise nezingxenye ezingezona ezivamile: ukuxhumana kwamehlo, ukuphakama kwesandla, nokuma kwesandla sobunxele phezu kweBhayibheli. Abanye abaholi baye basebenza ngisho naphambi kwesibuko ukuze bathole indawo engokoqobo.

Izindawo Zokuphepha Nezokuvikela

INkonzo ye-Slem, i-Capitol Police, ne-Joint Task Force-National Community Community konke kunengxenye ekuvikelweni komkhosi wesifungo. I-Remeals zihlanganisa izimo zokuvikela ezifanisweyo — kusukela ekubambezeleni isimo sezulu kuya ekuphazamisekeni kwesixuku — ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isifungo singanikezwa ngokuphephile ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezingalindelekile. Inkonzo yeSigqi sobuphini iqinisekisa indlela umongameli noMahluleli ophethe i-galelo lwenhlamvu, kanye nokubekwa kombhobho ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-telvice tradio.

Inqubo Yokuhlola Ngenyathelo

Ukulungiselela isifungo ngempela kuyinqubo eklanywe ngendlela ehlukahlukene. Uma umphakathi ubona inyathelo lokugcina kuphela, izinyathelo ezilandelayo zenzeka ngemva kweminyango evalekile:

Isinyathelo 1: Ukuqinisekiswa Kombhalo Ongokomthetho

Emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambi komkhosi, abameli bathatha umbhalo ongokomthetho eMtatsheni Wesishaya-mthetho futhi bawuqhathanise nenguqulo enyatheliswe ekunikezelweni kwangaphambili. Noma ikuphi ukuhluka — njengokususwa kwekhefu noma ukusetshenziswa "kwesifungo" esikhundleni se "isifungo" — kuyabhanyathiswa futhi kunqunywe. Iqembu lenguquko likhipha umbhalo owodwa, wokugcina ofakwa ebhokisini lokusebenzisa umongameli womhleli ngosuku. Lombhalo awushintshiwe ngemva kokuba uvunyelwe yisikhulu esingokomthetho.

Isinyathelo Sesibili: Ukubuyisela Inhliziyo Ngasese

Cishe emasontweni amabili ngaphambi koSuku Lokwenziwa kwe-Inaugtion, imikhuba yokhetho yokuphindaphinda isifungo ngokuzwakalayo endaweni yangasese — ngokuvamile ikamelo elincane lengqungquthela endlunkulu yokuguqula noma indawo yokuhlala yesekela likamongameli. Bahambisana nomphathi omkhulu wesizwe nonobhala wevideo obhala isimiso ukuze bakwazi ukubukeza isimo nokubhula. Umongameli uphinda isifungo nomaphi na kusuka kumashumi amabili kuya kulawomazwi azwakala ezenzakalelayo. Abanye amongameli baqhuba ngoMahluleli oyinhloko ozokhipha isifungo; abanye basebenzisa i-sme-scrediopt ukuze balinganisele uMahluleli omkhulu.

Isinyathelo 3: Ukugcwala Okuphawulwa Ngokuhamba

Phakathi nesonto lokunikezelwa, umongameli noMahluleli oyinhloko bahlanganyela ekuhambeni ngokugcwele eNtshona Front yeCapitol (noma endaweni ehlukile uma isimo sezulu siyinto ebangelayo). Lokhu kubukeza kuyafana nesenzakalo esiphilayo: ukukhanya okufanayo, amazinga ombhobho ofanayo, ukuhlelwa okufanayo. UMahluleli oyinhloko ufunda isifungo ngendlela efana nsé naleyo esizodluliselwa ngayo, futhi umongameli usisho ngesandla esiphakanyisiwe. Amalungu eStaff amela izikhulu, futhi isimiso sesisekelo sivivinywa uma kuvela ukuhluleka kobuchwepheshe. Lokhu kuhlelwa kwandisa ngendlela efanayo kangangokuba ngisho nokubekwa kwamalungu omkhaya kamongameli ku-dais kudlalwa.

Isinyathelo 4: Ekuseni Amaphuzu Athintayo

NgoSuku lokuHlaziya, umongameli ohlela u-Inaugation uhlola umbhalo wesifungo isikhathi sokugcina — ngokuvamile phakathi nokudla kwasekuseni — futhi wenza iphimbo elimfushane neqembu labo lokuxhumana. Ilungu leNkonzo Yemfihlo liqinisekisa ukuthi iBhayibheli (noma umbhalo ohlukile) lisendaweni eyiyo edais. UMahluleli Oyinhloko nomphathi-kamongameli bahlanganyela ekuxhawuleni ngasese futhi baqinisekise isikhathi. Khona - ke, uma amakhamera eqedwe, ukunyakaza okudlalwayo kuyaqala.

Amacebo Okuzivumelanisa Nakho: Lapho Isicathulo Siphambana

Naphezu kokulungiselela ngokucophelela, izinto zingahamba kahle — futhi ziye zaphambuka. Isenzakalo esidumile samuva senzeka lapho kunikezelwa uBarack Obama ngo-2009, lapho uMahluleli omkhulu uJohn Roberts ethatha isifungo ngokungeyikho, engaqondi enezela "ngokwethembeka" ngemva "Ukulwa" esikhundleni sangaphambili. U-Obama wamisa, waphinda amazwi abhalwe kabi. Ukugwema noma yimuphi ukungabaza komthetho, uMahluleli omkhulu uJohn Paul Stevens wanikeza isifungo ngokufanele emkhosini wangasese wendlu yabamhlophe ngosuku olulandelayo. Lesi senzakalo saholela ekushintsheni okuhlala njalo: ihhovisi ngalinye manje lihlanganisa ukubukeza ngokunye ukuvumelana nobulungisa obungahambisani iNkakhulu — ngokuvamile iNkanto ethathe umhlala - ngokomthetho — ohlala elungele ukubuyisa isifungo uma kudingekile.

Ezinye izinto eziphuthumayo zihlanganisa:

  • Izikhawu ze-Weather: Uma umsitho uphoqelela kakhulu, imvula, noma iqhwa endlini, konke ukubukeza kuvuselelwa kwenye indawo (umz., i-Capitol Rotunda). Ukunikezelwa kwasetshenziswa imikhosi ebekwe phansi ngaphandle kodwa kwadlalwa uhlelo lwangaphakathi ngokufanayo.
  • Inkonzo eyimfihlo inemithetho elandelwayo yesenzakalo sokwelapha phakathi nesifungo. Udokotela uhlala ngamamitha aphakathi kwama-dais angu-30, futhi isifungo singamiswa noma sifushaniswe uma kudingekile — nakuba uma umongameli eqaphela futhi ekwazi ukuphendula.
  • Ukuhluleka kwezentengiselwano: Ama-Microphone aphindeka kabili (ofakwe ucingo olulodwa, olunye lungenacingo), futhi ukudla komsindo kuhamba ngezimiso ezimbili ezihlukene. Uma ukudla okuyinhloko kwehluleka, i-secreen ephakathi komzuzwana. Ikhophi yokusifungo ifakwa ngaphakathi kumongameli webhantshi lesambatho somkhethi — isiko esidala esisizayo uma i-telempters ihluleka.

Indima YeBhayibheli Nezinduna Ezingokomfanekiso

Nakuba uMthetho-sisekelo ungadingi ukusetshenziswa kweBhayibheli — ababusi bangasebenzisa noma iyiphi incwadi noma baphakamise isandla sabo nje kuphela — abaningi bakhetha iBhayibheli elinencazelo yomuntu siqu noma engokomlando. Iqembu elilungiselelayo lisebenza nomkhaya kamongameli ukuze likhethe umqulu, ngokuvamile izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambili. IBhayibheli kumelwe lihlolwe ukuze lithole isimo; ngezinye izikhathi amakhasi ayalungiswa noma aqiniswe ukuze avimbele ukudabuka phakathi nomkhosi. Ukubekwa kwalo edais kuchazwe ngokuqinisekiswa ukuthi lihlala phezulu ngokunembile nase-engileni yesandla sobunxele sikamongameli.

Eminyakeni yamuva, abanye amongameli baye basebenzisa amaBhayibheli amaningi — ngokwesibonelo, besebenzisa elinye lika - Abraham Lincoln eduze neBhayibheli lomkhaya. Uma kunjalo, iqembu lisebenza ngokuphatha izincwadi ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa, liqinisekisa ukuthi ziqiniswe kahle futhi isandla sikamongameli simi kahle kuzo zombili. I-JCCIC futhi ihlangene ne-Library of Congress ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amaBhayibheli angokomlando athambile aphathwa ngamaglove futhi abekwa ezinkonzweni ezivamile.

Ukushintsha Izakhiwo Zanamuhla: Imishini Ye - eleopromet Nezimiso Zokuhlobisa

Nakuba isifungo singamagama angu-35 kuphela, amongameli ngokuvamile kulindeleke ukuba basidlulisele ngaphandle kwe-teleprompter — isikhathi sibhekwa njengesiseduze kakhulu futhi singcwele kakhulu ukuze kusizwe ubuchwepheshe. Nokho, ngemva kwezindawo ezibukwayo, amakhadi akhiwe njengesisekelo. Umbhalo unyatheliswa ngohlobo olukhulu, olucacile oqweqweni olubekwe ngaphandle kwekhamera yilungu lezisebenzi. Lo mphathi uhlolwa ukuba amelane nobuso obukhethekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhodi ezindlebe asetshenziselwa ukudlulisa ububanzi obusuka kumphathi wesiteji, kodwa awavamile ukusetshenziswa phakathi nesifungo ngokwaso ukuze agweme isithiyo.

Kulokhu kuvulwa kwango-2021, leli qembu lasungula isibani esicashile se-LEDcue esifakwe kuyi-dais esasibonisa isikhathi esiqondile umongameli aqala ngaso ukukhuluma. Lobu buchwepheshe, obuye bathuthukiswa ngokuvumelana ne-JCCIC, bavumela ukuba kuqashelwe isikhathi ngaphandle kokuqamba i-comcious. Izindlela ezinjalo zihlolwa okungenani ezinhlangothini ezimbili zokuzikhumbuza ngaphambi kokuba isenzakalo siphile.

Ukubambisana NoMahluleli Oyinhloko

Isici esiyingqayizivele sokulungiselela isifungo ukuprakthiza ngoMahluleli oMkhulu wase-United States — noma, uma uMahluleli oPhakeme engekho, ukwahlulela okukhulu kakhulu. Ngokwesiko uMahluleli omkhulu unikeza isifungo, kodwa ukusebenzelana akuzenzakaleli. Okubili kuprakthiza ukubiza-fushana no-rephonsi: UMahluleli oyinhloko ufunda isigaba ngasinye, futhi umongameli uyaphinda. Isikhathi sokunquma phakathi kwezinkulumo sibuye sihlolwe ukuvimbela umongameli ukuba angangenisi noma akhulume kusene kakhulu.

Phakathi nonyaka ka-2009 wokuzilungiselela, uRoberts no-Obama babevumelene ngesigqi, kodwa kuthelevishini ephilayo, uRoberts wafaka igama elingaphezulu. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, umthetho wokuzilolongela uhlanganisa ukuqinisekisa okucacile kombhalo oqondile, kuhlanganise nokuhlola ukunezelwa "ngokwami uNkulunkulu" (okukhethwa abanye amongameli ukunezela futhi bashiye). Iqembu loMahluleli omkhulu liphinde lilungise ikhadi lesisekelo ngombhalo wesifungo uma uma uMahluleli omkhulu edinga icebo. Lelikhadi libekwa kahle ngaphakathi nje kwengubo yoMahluleli Oyinhloko.

Isiteshi Sesizwe: I - Broadcasting Nezikhathi Zokushaya Indlwabu

Isifungo sisakazwa emhlabeni wonke, futhi iqembu elilungiselelayo lisebenza eduze nesikhungo sezokusakaza ukuze liqinisekise ukuthi indawo yokuthwebula ikhamera, ukukhanya, kanye nomsindo kuphelele. IWhite House Communications Agency ihlola ukudla izikhathi eziningi, futhi ukubukeza kubhalwe kusetshenziswa imishini efanayo ezakusetshenziswa ngosuku. Umphathi wesiteji ubuka iwashi elibekwe phansi elihambisana nesimiso sesazi se-JCIC, esiphinda-phindwayo. Uma isifungo sihlelelwe 12:00 PM ET, isikhathi ngasinye siqala ngaso kanye leso sikhathi ukuhlanganisa amawashi enziwe.

Izifundo Ezitholakala Emlandweni: Amalungiselelo Aphawulekayo Nemishapu

Wonke abaphathi bafunda esikhathini esidlule, futhi incwadi yokulungiselela ishintsha ngomjikelezo ngamunye. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa ezingokomlando ezathonya umkhuba wanamuhla:

  • George Washington (1789): Isifungo sokuqala sasingabukezi; iWashington yanezela ngokungaqondi kahle "Ngakho ngisize uNkulunkulu" futhi yakhothamela isixuku. Lokhu kwathonya omongameli bamuva ukuba bacabangele ukuthintana komuntu siqu — kodwa futhi kwagcizelela isidingo sokuvumelana okubhalwe phansi.
  • Franklin D. Roosevelt (1945): Ukunikezelwa kwesine kwaqhutshelwa eWhite House portic ngenxa yemingcele yempi. Ukuzihlobisa kwakukuncane, futhi kunguRoosevelt, okwakubonakala kugula, kwakunikeza isifungo endaweni yokuhlala. Ngemva kwalokho, imithetho eqinisekisiwe yokuvumelanisa isifungo nezindawo ezihlukene.
  • Lyndon B. Johnson (1963): Ukuzuzwa emoyeni Odwa ngemva kokubulawa kwe-JFK, uJohnson wasebenzisa i-discial yamaKatolika esikhundleni seBhayibheli. Lomkhosi ongenakusetshenziswa waqokomisa isidingo sokuhlela ngokuvumelana phakathi nesenzakalo soshintsho oluzumayo — okuholela emkhubeni wamanje wokugcina ikhophi ebhaliwe yesifungo kumongameli welimoon ngazo zonke izikhathi.
  • Donald Trump (2017): Trump wakhetha ukusebenzisa amaBhayibheli amabili (elinye kusukela ebuntwaneni nalelo elisetshenziswa nguLincoln). Iqembu lawahlela futhi laqinisekisa ukuthi ubude obuhlangene babungcono. UTrump waphulwa futhi ngokubheka isixuku futhi waphakamisa isandla sakhe ngaphezulu kunavamile — ukulungisa okwenziwa phakathi nokuhlela.
  • Joe Biden (2021): Umqedazwe odinga ukugqoka izifihla - buso nokuxega phakathi nokuzilungiselela. Iqembu lalisebenzisa amasiteji okuma elungele uMahluleli omkhulu futhi lalithatha izigqoko ezintathu eziphelele, kuhlanganise nelodwa elinokudla okuhlekisayo ukuze lihlole izimiso ze-sethi.

Isiphetho: Ukubonakala Kwangaphandle Okubangela Ukuhogela

Isifungo sikamongameli sibonakala emphakathini njengesenzo somzuzwana, esizenzekelayo sokwethembeka komthetho-sisekelo. Eqinisweni, siwumphumela wamakhulu amahora okuqinisekisa okungokomthetho, ukuzihlolela ngokomzimba, ukuhlola kobuchwepheshe, nokulungisa okungokomzwelo. Iqembu elingemva kwezindawo ezibukwayo — kusukela kubameli abachitha amasonto bechaza amagama aqondile kubaphathi abahlola ukunqamuka okuphuthuma — lisebenza ngomgomo owodwa: ukuthi isifungo sidlula ngaphandle kwesenzakalo, sivumela ukudluliswa okunokuthula kwamandla ukuze aqhubeke ngesithunzi nangesokulondeka.

Ngokulandelayo lapho ubuka umongameli okhethwe indawo ebhalelwe phezu kweBhayibheli futhi usho isifungo, khumbula izingqimba ezingabonakali zomsebenzi owenza ukuba kuvele lowo mzuzu. UMthetho-sisekelo ungagunyaza amagama, kodwa kulungiselelo olucophelelayo, oluthule oluqinisekisa ukuthi anikezwa ngokuqondene — umholi omusha emthetho ophakeme wezwe futhi uthembeke kubantu baseMelika. Kulabo abanesithakazelo kuwo wonke umlando ongokomthetho, [ izinqolobane zesizwe [[ unikeza umbhalo wokuqala, kuyilapho [[FLT:] [FLT] [FL:] [F] [FLT] [F] [2] [iright Library] [FLD] [FL:3] unikeza ukuqonda endleleni umongameli wesiko odlule ngayo. ukulungiselela ukulungiselela izitebhici, [FLD]