Table of Contents

I - Filibuster: Ingxenye Ejulile Ethuluzini Lezempikiswano Eliyinhloko LeSigele

I-filbuster iphakathi kwezici ezihlukanisa kakhulu nezihlukanisayo zeSigele sase-U.S. Ivumela iqembu elincane labasizi ukuba livimbe noma libambe umthetho, ngisho noma iningi elicacile liwusekela. Kubasekeli, i-filbuster ivikela amalungelo eqembu elincane kanye nomongo wamandla. Kubagxeki, ibangela ukukhubazeka, inika iqembu elincane amandla okuvimbela intando yeningi, futhi iye yasetshenziselwa ukuvimbela umthetho owesizwe obalulekile. Ukuqonda indlela i-Prinebulister esebenza ngayo ngempela — umlando wayo, amakhekheni, nomongo wanamuhla — kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela imithetho eyenziwa ngayo eUnited States nesizathu sokuba igesabhede esebenza ngokuhlukile kakhulu kweyamatheli yeNdluleki.

Lesi sihloko sikhuluma kabanzi ngomakhenikha be - filbuster, silandelela ukuziphendukela kwayo okungokomlando, futhi sihlola izimpikiswano ezisekelwe futhi ezimelene nokusetshenziswa kwazo kule ndawo yezombangazwe ehlukene kakhulu namuhla.

Iyini I - filibuster?

I-filbuster icebo lephalamende elisetshenziswa eSigeqeni ukusakaza impikiswano engokomthetho, kanjalo ibambezele noma ivimbele ukuvota kokugcina. Ngokungafani nendlu yabameleli, elinganisela ngokuqondile ukuthi amalungu angakhuluma isikhathi eside kangakanani, iSigele sinesiko elide lempikiswano engenamkhawulo. Lokhu kusho isigele esisodwa — noma umfelandawonye — singabamba iphansi amahora amaningi, izinsuku, noma ngisho namasonto, uma nje sisakhuluma.

Nokho, eSigele sanamuhla isenzo sangempela sokukhuluma isikhathi eside singavamile. Kunalokho, abasizi bamane babonise inhloso yabo ku-banbuster, futhi lolo songo kuphela lwanele ukuveza isithiyo se-procedro: imfuneko ye 60 yamavoti ukuqeda impikiswano nokuthuthela evoti yokugcina. Lomnyango — waziwa ngokuthi [ ukuhlanganisa — umoqulo wamandla e-palbuster.

Imfuneko yama-60 evote ayikho kuMthetho-sisekelo. Yakhiwa ushintsho lokubusa kweSigele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-banbuster ayilona ilungelo lomthetho-sisekelo; isiko elingokomthetho ukuthi iSigele singashintsha noma siqede ngevoti elivamile, ngokuvamile elibizwa ngokuthi “icebo lenuzi.”

Uhlobo olubili lweFilibuster: “Ukukhuluma” v. no-“Silanti”

Ngokomlando, i-filbuster yadinga abaququzeleli ukuba babambe iphansi ngokomzimba ngokukhuluma ngokuqhubekayo. Lokhu “kuyingxoxo ekhulumayo ye-banbuster” eyenziwe yaduma ngezenzakalo ezifana nenkulumo yamahora angu-24 kaSenator StromThurnd emelene noMthetho we-Civil Rights ka-1950. Ngaphansi kwengxoxo ye-Parenbuster, uma isikhulumi sima noma siveza indawo, impikiswano ingaphela, futhi ivoti ingaqhubeka.

Namuhla, iSigele sisebenza ngaphansi kwe- “nearbuster.” Amashena awasadingi ukukhuluma. Bamane bazisa umholi omkhulu ukuthi bazomelana nesivumelwano semvume evumelanayo sokuqhubeka nokuvota. Ngaphandle kwamavoti angu-60 okucela i-athora, imvume iphelile ngokuphumelelayo, ngisho noma isigele se-senethi singasho lutho phansi. Lokhu kwanciphisa intengo yesithiyo, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ngeqembu elincane ukuba livimbele umthetho ngaphandle kokukhokha intengo yezombangazwe.

Indlela I - Filibuster Ethinta Ngayo Ukuqamba Imithetho: Imishini Esetshenziswayo

I-finbuster ngokuyisisekelo ihlela indlela iSigele esisebenza ngayo nendlela edluliselwa ngayo umthetho. Nansi indlela le nqubo esebenza ngayo:

  • Umthetho omningi ufuna imvume yeSigele ukuba siqhubekele ekuvoteni okokugcina. inxusa elilodwa lingase limelane naleyomvume, lishukumise imfuneko yokuvota.
  • Ukucela amahlule, [[FLT: 0] ama-senator angu-60 kufanele avote ukuze kuqedwe ingxoxo. Uma behluleka, izindleko zigcinwa unomphela.
  • Ezinye izigaba zomthetho zikhululiwe kwi-filbuster, ngokuphawulekayo kakhulu bdget frest, okudinga kuphela amavoti alula (51) ukudlula.
  • Ukwahlulela nokumiswa kwegatsha eliphethe kuye kwakhululwa kumntwana ngezindlela eziningi zokulawula “indlela yenuzi” eshintsha ngo - 2013 nango - 2017.

Lendawo ebanzi isho ukuthi ukuze idlulise cishe noma isiphi isiqeshana somthetho esibalulekile, ingxenye enkulu kumelwe yakhe i-bipartismach enkulu kakhulu yamavoti angu-60 noma isebenzise inqubo elinganiselwe yokubuyisana, engasetshenziselwa kuphela izindaba ezihlobene nokuhlelwa kwemali ngaphansi kwe- Congational Bridge Act ka- 1974.

UMdanso Wamavoti Angu - 60: Indlela Olilawula Ngayo Isu

Imfuneko engu-60 enemiphumela ephawulekayo emaqhingani nasemiphumeleni. Isho ukuthi ngisho noma omunye ephethe izihlalo ezingu-55, ayinakudlula noma kuphi ngaphandle kokunqoba okungenani amalungu amahlanu eqembu elincane. La mandla ayekethisa, kodwa futhi adala amandla lapho iqembu elincane lingavimba khona cishe noma yini eliphikisayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umphakathi ucabanga noma ukhetha imiphumela.

Ngokwesibonelo, isikweleti esisekelwa ama-senete angu- 59 singaba namali uma ivoti yama-60 ingabanjwa. Lokhu kunikeza iqembu elincane labasizi abasesilinganisweni abavela kunoma yiliphi iqembu, abangafuna ukuvunyelwa ukuze basekele. Kusho futhi ukuthi umthetho othandwa kakhulu umphakathi waseMelika — njengokuhlolwa kwesizinda sokuthenga izibhamu noma izinguquko ezithile zokufuduka — ungavinjelwa yidlanzana labameleli abamelela idlanzana labantu abambalwa.

Umlando We - FIBUster: Ususuka Ekubeni I - rare Tactic Kuya Ekumisweni Kwezinto Ezingadingekile

I - filbuster inomlando omude noyinkimbinkimbi obalulekile ukuze uqonde indima yayo yamanje. Nakuba impikiswano engenamkhawulo yayiyisici seSigele kusukela ebuntwaneni bayo, i - filbuster njengethuluzi lenhloso lokuvimbela akuzange kuvame kuze kube ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le - 19.

Inkathi Yokusungulwa Nenkathi Ye - Antebellum

ESigele sokuqala, lapho igumbi lihlukana kancane futhi lihlukene phakathi, kwakungekho sidingo semithetho yempikiswano. ISigele sasisebenza kakhulu ngokuvumelana. Nokho, njengoba igumbi lalingakhula futhi izingxabano zezombangazwe zikhula, ukungabi nasikhathi sokuxoxa kwaba isikhali sedlanzana.

I - filbuster yokuqala ephawulekayo yenzeka ngo - 1837, lapho iqembu lezigena zeWhig livala umthetho ohlobene nokususwa kwezindawo ezigciniwe zikahulumeni eBanki lase-United States. Kodwa kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwawo - 1800 lapho i-monilbuster yaba icebo elivamile, elisetshenziswa amanxusa aseningizimu ukuvimbela umthetho wesizwe nezinye izinyathelo ababeziphikisa.

Ushintsho Lombuso Ngo - 1917: Ukuzalwa Kokukhishelwa Phansi

Ngo-1917, lapho kunxuswa uMongameli Woodrow Wilson, iSigele samukela uMthetho 22, owavumela amavoti amabili-ntathu ukuba aqede impikiswano. Lokhu kwakuwumthetho wokuqala ongokomthetho wokulawula. Ushintsho lwenzeka ngemva kweqembu lama-geneta angu-12 abaphathi be-Parenbuster Wilson ahlongoza ukuhlobisa imikhumbi yabathengi ngenkathi yeMpi Yezwe I, futhi umongameli wabiza iSigele ngokuthi “isigungu somthetho kuphela emhlabeni esingenakuthatha isinyathelo lapho iningi lilungele isenzo.”

Nokho, ngisho nangemva kuka-1917, amahlule ayengavamile ukusetshenziswa. inqubo yeSigele yokuhlahlela [ yahlala inzima ukuncenga, futhi i-filbuster yaqhubeka ikhula.

Inkathi Yamalungelo Omphakathi Nokuphakama Kwe - Filibuster Yanamuhla

I-filbuster yafinyelela isikhathi sayo esidume kakhulu phakathi nomzabalazo wamalungelo abantu. Abameli baseNingizimu bayisebenzisa ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuvimbela imithetho emelene nokuvinjelwa, umthetho wamalungelo okuvota, noMthetho wamalungelo e-Civil Act ka-1957 no-1964. Isikhulu se-Stom Thurmond yaseNingizimu Carolina samisa umlando we-lon filbuster emlandweni weSigele lapho sikhuluma amahora angu-24 nemizuzu engu-18 ngokumelene noMthetho ka-1957 we-Povile Rights Act.

I-Civil Rights Act ka-1964 yabhekana nomthetho wezinsuku ezingu-60 we-geneon ye-asenator yaseningizimu. Yanqotshwa ekugcineni lapho iSigele sivotela ukuhlalwa kwezamalungelo omphakathi okokuqala ngqa ezikwesibhakabhakeni zelungelo lomphakathi, abavoti abangu- 71 bevota ukuqeda impikiswano — okungaphezu kwezine kwezintathu ezazidingeka ngaleso sikhathi.

Izinguquko Zango - 1970: Ukunciphisa Ibanga Ne - Filibuster Ethulile

Ngo-1975, iSigele sehlisa umnyango wamahlule osuka kuma-intshi amabili anezikhotha ezikhona novota kuyimfuneko yamanje yama-intshi amathathu, noma amavoti angu-60. Lokhu kwenza kwaba lula kakhulu ukuqeda impikiswano, nakuba umnyango omusha wawusamelela ibhande eliphezulu.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iSigele sabona ukuphakama kokuthatha amaza amabili, inqubo yokuhlela eyavumela igumbi ukuba liqhubekele kwelinye ibhizinisi ngesikhathi isikhwama se-banbuster sibekwa eceleni. Le nqubo yasiqeda ngokuphumelelayo isidingo sokukhuluma nge-finbuster, ngoba abakhomishani kwakungasadingeki ukuba babambe iphansi ukuze bavimbe isikwe. Kwadingeka nje ukuba baphike, futhi umthetho wawuzobekwa eceleni unomphela. Lena isiqalo ‘ se-banverbuster,” esusa imbukwanekwane yomphakathi nesibopho sokulandisa kwezombangazwe esithathelwe ijubane.

Indlela Yenuzi: Indlela Ukwahlulela Okwashintsha Ngayo Umdlalo

Kuwo wonke umlando waseMelika, ukuqulwa kwamagama kwamacala kwakungagunyazwanga i-monilbuster. Isiko lalithi iSigele sasizoqinisekisa amajaji ngeningi elivamile, nakuba izinyunyana ngazinye zazinganqikaza ukuvota ezindaweni zokuvota noma kwamanye amaqhinga. Lokho kwashintsha ekuqaleni kwawo- 2000, lapho bobabili abantu beqala ukusebenzisa i-Rebelbuster ukuze bavimbele ama-mine ahluleli abawaphikisayo.

Ngo-2003, iSigele uDemocrats filbusters idla idlanzana loMongameli uGeorge W. Bush’s apnellate enkantolo. Ekuphenduleni, izigebengu zasongela ukuqeda i-Republicass ukukhipha i-palbuster yezomthetho ngokuthatha isinyathelo sokukhipha i-procedro ngokubiza i- “evolution yenuzi.” Ukuhlehla kwemithetho eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Gang of 14 u-Bush kwayinqabela okwesikhashana le nkinga, kodwa indaba eyabuya ngo-2013.

Ngo-2013, iSigele uDemocrates, sakhungathekiswa yiRepublican filbusters kaMongameli Barack Obama negatsha eliphethe, sasebenzisa lendlela yenuzi ekunikezeni i-monicster kuzo zonke iziqu ngaphandle kwejaji leNkanto ePhakathi Ephakeme. Ngo-2017, i-Republicans yandisa ukhetho lwenuzi eNkanto ePhakathi-Prime Gor Gorfore, ikhubaza indlela yokugunyaza i- Justice Neille Gor.

Lezinguquko zayishintsha kakhulu inqubo yokuqinisekisa. Namuhla, zonke iziphakamiso — kusukela kumajaji enkantolo yesifunda kuya kuziphathimandla zeKhabhinethi — zingavunyelwa ngeningi elivamile, ziqede imfuneko yamavoti angu - 60 eyayisetshenziswe ngaphambili.

Isizathu Sokuba Abasekeli Bavikele I - FILIBUster

Abasekeli be - filbuster banikeza izimpikiswano eziningana zokuthi kungani imfuneko yama - 60 kufanele ilondolozwe, ikakhulukazi ukuze kubekwe umthetho.

Ukuhlehla Okukhuthazayo

Impikiswano eqinile esekela i-filbuster ukuthi iphoqelela iningi ukuba lixoxisane nedlanzana. Ngokufuna ukuba intela enkulu idlulise izikweleti eziningi, iSigele siphoqelela imifelandawonye enqamule imigqa. Abaxhasi baphikisa ngokuthi lokhu kuveza umthetho oqinile, osekelwa kakhulu ongashiyi wonke umjikelezo wokhetho. I-Dialbuster, kulombono, isebenza njenge-chemistruction.

Ukuvikela Amalungelo Amancane Esimiso Sezisebenzi Ezikhulu

ISigele sasiklanyelwe ukuba sibe yindikimba edelelayo lapho abambalwa benezwi elinamandla khona. Amagama athatha iminyaka eyisithupha ama-senery ayehloselwe ukubavikela ekucindezeleni kwesikhashana kwezombangazwe. I-finbuster ihlanganisa leli cebo ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi iningi alinakumane livale idlanzana leqembu ezindabeni eziphikisanayo. Abasekeli, lokhu akuthikathinti; kuyisivikelo ekucindezeleni kweningi.

Ukuthuthukisa Ukuhlala Ngokubambezela Ushintsho Olusheshayo

Ngokukwenza kube nzima ukushaya umthetho, i-filbuster ibambezela ijubane loshintsho kumthetho kahulumeni. Lokhu kunciphisa ingozi yokuthatha izikweletu ngokunganaki, futhi kunika umphakathi nenzalo isikhathi esengeziwe sokusabela nokuhlela. Esimisweni samagunya ahlukene, i-filbuster inezela ungwengwezi oluthe xaxabana olubonwa abaningi njengelunempilo ukuze balawule.

Isizathu Sokuba Abagxeki Babize I - Filibuster Probletatic

Abaphikisa i - filbuster baphikisa ngokuthi izindleko zayo zinkulu kakhulu kunezinzuzo zayo, ikakhulukazi enkathini yanamuhla yokuhlukaniswa okujulile kwabantu.

Ibangela I - grid Livaleke Futhi Ivimbela Isenzo Somthetho

I-critique eqondile ye-nfilbuster iwukuthi ivimbela iSigele ekwenzeni izinto ezindabeni ezisekelwa iningi. Kulenkathi yamanje, lapho kungekho khona iqembu elingawina ngokuthembeka izihlalo ezingu-60, i-monicbuster ngokuphumelelayo isho ukuthi iningi alinakudlula ezimisweni zalo ngaphandle kwemvume yabambalwa. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ekubeni lithathe imingcele eqhubekayo yezindaba ezisukela ekwamukeleni kwezindaba ezisukela ekuvoteni kuya ekushintsheni kwenye indawo kuya ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu.

Akusekelwe Emthethweni - sisekelo

I-finbuster ayiveli eMthethweni. Yakhiwa ngumthetho weSigele, futhi abaphikisi baphikisa ngokuthi ukusungulwa koFata kwakungahlosile ukuba kubekwe umthetho ovamile ukuze kudinge ngokuphumelelayo wonke umthetho obalulekile. Umthetho-sisekelo udinga iziqu ezinkulu ezindaweni ezimbalwa eziqondile (njengokuqinisekisa izivumelwano noma ukulahla isikhulu esingahlolwanga), futhi abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi lokhu kubonisa abasunguli bazi ukuthi bangazi kanjani ukufuna amavoti amakhulu lapho befuna umuntu oyedwa.

Indima Engokomlando Ekuvimbeleni Amalungelo Omphakathi

I-filbuster inomlando onenkinga enkulu. Yasetshenziswa ngokuphindaphindiwe kulo lonke ikhulu lama-20 ukuvimbela imithetho emelene nokuvinjelwa kwemithetho, ukuvinjelwa kwamalungelo okuvota, noMthetho we-Civil Rights ka-1964. Abaphikisi baphikisa ngokuthi noma iliphi ithuluzi le-procedrodual elasetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo ukuvikela ukucwasana nobandlululo lobuhlanga kufanele libhekwe ngokungaqiniseki okukhulu, uma lingaqedwa ngokuphelele.

Amandla Amancane Ezindikimba Ezimelela Ubuncane Benani Labantu

Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi isifundazwe ngasinye sithola izinyunyana ezimbili kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zinani inani labantu, iSigele kakade simelela izifundazwe ezincane, zasemaphandleni. I-finbuster ihlanganisa lokhu kungalingani. Iqembu lezigelekeqe elimelela amaphesenti acishe abe ngu-18 abantu base-U.S. lingavimbela umthetho, ngokwezibalo ezithile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inani elincane lezigele ezimelela ingxenye encane yabantu baseMelika lingavimbela isenzo esisekelwa iningi kakhulu lalelizwe.

Izinguquko Ezisikiselwayo Nekusasa Le - Filibuster

Impikiswano ngezingane ezizalwayo iye yakhula eminyakeni yamuva, lapho iziphakamiso eziningana zokulungisa zithola ukunakekela okungathi sína eWashington naphakathi kwabahlaziyi bezombangazwe.

Ukubuyela ku “Filibuster Yokukhuluma”

Enye inguquko exoxwa kabanzi iwukubuyisela “i-filbuster ekhulumayo,” idinga amanxusa ukuba abambe idolo futhi akhulume ngokuqhubekayo ukuze avimbe isikweleti. Abasekeli baphikisa ngokuthi lokhu kungaphakamisa izindleko zezombangazwe ngokuphoqelela abaphikisi ukuba bavikele isikhundla sabo obala. Ngaphansi kwalesisibonelo, abambalwa bebengahlehlisa umthetho, kodwa kuphela uma bezimisele ukwenza ukuma okubonakalayo, okuqinile. Lenguquko ingalondoloza i-banfinbuster kuyilapho isusa isithiyo esithule esibonakalisa isimiso samanje.

Ukunciphisa Ithuba Lokuhamba

Enye indlela ukunciphisa inani lamavota adingekayo ukuze kutholwe ama-althare, kusukela ku-60 kuya ku-55, 53, noma ngisho naku-onke. Lokhu kungenza kube lula ngabaningi ukunqoba ukuvinjelwa kuyilapho besafuna izinga elithile lokusekela isiphambano. Abavikeli besimiso samanje baphikisa ngokuthi noma ikuphi ukwehla komnyango kungasheshisa ukuthambekela ekuthatheni izikhawu zomthetho futhi kwandise ukungahleleki kwemithetho.

Ukuhlolelwa Imithetho Ekhethekile

Abanye abashisekeli bezinguquko bahlongoza ukukhishwa ngokuphelele kwezigaba ezithile zomthetho ku-banbuster, njengokuvumelana nemali yokubuyisana kakade sekuye kwakhishwa. Ngokwesibonelo, kuye kwenziwa iziphakamiso zokukhulula umthetho wamalungelo okuvota, izinyathelo ezithile zokuphepha kwesizwe, noma izikweleti ezihlobene nokubalwa kwabantu okungapheli nokugcinwa kwemithetho. Lokhu kungavumela iningi ukuba lithathe isinyathelo ezindabeni ezithile ngaphandle kokuqeda i-banbuster ngokuphelele.

Ukuvinjelwa Kwemithetho Esemthethweni

Ekugcineni, inani elandayo lamazwi liphikisa ngokuqeda ngokuphelele inqubo yokushaya umthetho ye-province. Ngaphansi kwalesisimo, iSigele sisebenza njengendlu ezindabeni eziningi, futhi iningi lanele ukukhipha umthetho. Abasekeli baphikisa ngokuthi lokhu kuyokwenza iSigele sisamukeleke ngokwengeziwe futhi sibe nentando yeningi, kuyilapho abaphikisi bexwayisa ngokuthi kungaholela emjikelezweni osheshayo wenqubo edlulele njengoba amandla eshintsha.

Izimpikiswano Zamuva Nesimo Sezombangazwe

Kuyi-171th Congress (2021-2023), i-nfilbuster yayisenkabeni yempikiswano enkulu yezombangazwe. ISigele sahlukana phakathi phakathi kuka-50-50-50 nomongameli wase-Pace Kamara Harris efaka amavoti okuvota okubulala uthayi, uDemocrat waba namavoti amaningi ngegama kodwa ayengenawo amavoti angu-60 ayedingeka ukuze kuqhutshekiselwe phambili umthetho omkhulu. Lokhu kwaholela ekubizeni izisholo ezishisekeli zezombangazwe eziqhubekayo kanye nezingameleli zeDemocratic ukuze kuqedwe noma kulungiswe i-Pricionbuster ukuze kubekwe umthetho wenkululeko yokuvote, i-Focratic Act, ne-Dish Reving Reving Revement Act, ne-Act.

Izikhulu zika-Senator Joe Manchin (D-WV) no-Kyrsten Sinema (I-AZ) bamelana obala nokushintsha i-inbuster, bephikisa ngokuthi yayivikela amalungelo edlanzana nokuthi ukulisusa kungajulisa ukuhlukana okuhlukene phakathi. Ukuphikiswa kwabo kwavimbela ukushintshwa kwemithetho, futhi izikweleti zokuvota zemali zahluleka ukuqhubekela phambili. Kunalokho, amaDemocrates asebenzisa inqubo yokuhlela ukudlula u-Inflatiodition Reduction Act ka-2022, isibambiso esikhulu sezempilo esasingeke sidlule ngaphansi komnyango we-60.

Lokhu kuveza ukushuba kwempikiswano yezingane: inqubo yokubuyisana yavumela amaDemocrates ukuba adlulisele umthetho obalulekile, kodwa kwafika imithetho eqinile eyawavimbela ukuba abhekane nezinye izinto eziningi eziza kuqala. Umbuzo wokuthi i - filbuster kufanele isebenze yini kuwo wonke umthetho, omunye umthetho, noma ayikho ehlala ingaxazululiwe.

IFilibuster Nentando Yeningi YaseMelika: Umbuzo Obanzi

Impikiswano nge-filbuster ekugcineni iyimpikiswano yemibono emibili encintisanayo yentando yeningi. Omunye umbono ubeka umthetho we- ngokomthetho , uphikisa ngokuthi iqembu eliwina ukhetho kufanele likwazi ukubusa futhi lisebenzise amacebo alo. Omunye umbono ubeka isivikelo esiphambili [ ubumnewuni obuyisivikelo [[], uphikisa ngokuthi uhulumeni wentando yeningi udinga ukuhlola amandla okuvimbela ukucindezelwa kwedlanzana.

Yomibili imibono ibalulekile, futhi yomibili isekelwe esimisweni somthetho-sisekelo waseMelika. I House of Messagers ibonisa isimiso sobukhoma, kuyilapho iSigele sibonisa isivikelo sombuso nezithakazelo zedlame elincane. I-filbuster ihlala ekwahlukaneni kwalezimiso, futhi ikusasa layo liyonqunywa amandla ezombangazwe eminyakeni ezayo.

Ezinye izazi ziphikisa ngokuthi i-banbuster ayivumelani nokubusa kwanamuhla ngoba imfuneko engama-60 inika idlanzana elivame ukuhluka kwezwe nemibono ehlukile kweyeningi. Ezinye ziphikisa ngokuthi ukususa i-monilbuster kungamane kususe isithiyo esiphansi kweSigele siye kwezinye izingxenye zesimiso sezombangazwe, njengeziqondiso zezikhulu noma ukubukezwa kokwahlulela.

Isiphetho: I - filibuster Njengesibuko Sezimemezelo Zezigele

I-filbuster ayiwona umthetho we-procedro noma isimiso somthetho-sisekelo esingcwele. Liyithuluzi eliye lavela phakathi namakhulu amabili eminyaka, elibunjwe yizidingo namasu abenzi be-sene aye alisebenzisa. Ngokungcono kakhulu, liye lakhuthaza ukucabangisisa, ukuvikela amalungelo amancane, futhi lavimbela umthetho oweqisayo. Okubi kakhulu ukuthi liye labangela ukuphazamisa, ukugcinwa kokungabi nabulungisa kwezinhlanga, futhi lalimaza uhulumeni.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-filbuster iyaguqulwa, igcinwe, noma iqedwe, impikiswano ngekusasa layo iveza impikiswano ejulile mayelana nesimo sedemokrasi yaseMelika. Uma iSigele kufanele sibe indawo lapho ukubusa kweningi kulawulwa khona imvume yabambalwa, noma ingabe kufanele kube indawo lapho iningi lingabusa khona ngaphandle kokulibala? Impendulo ngeke inqume indlela imithetho eyenziwa ngayo, kodwa futhi namazwi ayozwiwa emahholo anamandla.

Ukubheka ngokujulile imithetho yangaphakathi yeSigele kanye nomlando wokwaluleka, iziqondiso ezingokomthetho ze- filibusters kanye ne-racteriture zinikeza ukucaciswa okuphelele. [[[FLT:]] Umbiko weNkonzo yokucwaninga nge-Dialorionbuster unikeza ukuhlaziya okuningi, okungahlanganisiwe kokuziphendukela kwemvelo nemiphumela yayo. Ekugcineni, ngenxa ye-mongomongo ezimpikiswaneni zamuva kakhulu, [[FLT:] i-Brennan Center yeJanust ye-Drustrusts [FFFFFFF].