Indima Enkulu Yabahlali Bobugebengu Bezwe EGunjini Lesizwe

Indlela eya kumongameli ayiqali ngokhetho oluvamile. Iqala ezinyangeni ezithile ngaphambili emakamelweni okuhlala, emahholo edolobha, futhi ihlola izindawo kulo lonke izwe phakathi nokhetho oluyinhloko. Lemincintiswano isebenza njengendlela eyinhloko lapho amaqembu ezombangazwe evala khona umkhakha wawo wokufuna ukuthatha izimfene. Abazoqala ukuvela kule ndawo abathunywa abathatha izifunda kodwa futhi bathwale izifundo, izivumelwano, nemithetho eholisiweyo eholwa ukushisa umncintiswano we-tractry. Ukuqonda indlela izikhulu zikahulumeni ezisebenza ngayo kanye nethonya lawo elikhulu kubafundi bezwe abafuna ukuvelela umlando wezombangazwe nowe-Overdal.

Izifundazwe ziyizinqumo eziqhutshelwa ukhetho phakathi kwezifundazwe ukuze kunqume ukuthi yimuphi umbhalisa ozothumela umkhakha kukhetho oluvamile. Nokho, ithonya lawo lidlulela kude kakhulu. Kusukela emincintiswaneni yokuqala e-Iowa nase-New Hampshire kuya ku-rich bonanzas nge-Super Wey, i-Printantary ngayinye i-ibhethring ye-'umncinti. Amakhabethe aphumelelayo afunda ukudlulisa ukunxusa kweqembu elinokhetho oluhlukahlukene lapho lihamba ngemithetho, ukuhlolisisa, nokuguqula izinjongo. Lesi sihloko sihlola omakhensa, umlando, nemiphumela ye-Prissary, inikeza umbono ogcwele ngendlela lenqubo yombuso echaza ngayo lokho ukukhetha ekugcineni okubheke isizwe.

Izinhlobo Nemishini Kuyini Imishini Kahulumeni?

Izikhulu zikahulumeni zihlelwa ngokhetho ohulumeni bezwe − noma ngezinye izikhathi ngamaqembu ezombangazwe ngokwawo — ukuvumela abavoti ukuba baveze ukukhetha kwabo isikhundla esinikeziwe seqembu elithile. Imithetho elawula la maprimendry iyahlukahluka kakhulu ngokombuso nangeqembu, idala isimiso sokuhlanganisa esingathinta imiphumela ephawulekayo. Ukuqonda isimiso, umuntu kumelwe aqale aqonde izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-primerinth nendlela asebenza ngayo.

Izinhlamvu Zemali Ezivalekile

Ngamafuphi, abavoti kuphela ababhaliswe neqembu elithile lezombangazwe abangafaka amavoloti kuleloqembu eliyinhloko. Lesi simiso siklanyelwe ukuvimbela amalungu ezinye izinkolo ukuba athonye ukukhethwa kweqembu eliphikisanayo. Abaxhasi baphikisa ngokuthi amaprimendrime alondoloza ubuqotho bokwenza izinqumo kweqembu, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-mineine abonisa izintando zangempela zamalungu eqembu. Nokho, abagxeki baphikisa ukuthi ama-primmagement awawafaki ngaphandle komvoti ozimele futhi angasunduza abamele eziphelweni eziyingozi kakhulu zeqembu, njengoba abavoti abayinhloko bevame ukubonakalisa ukulingana nokhetho abavamile.

Ukuvula Imisebenzi

Ama-primp avula amavoti avumela noma imuphi umvoti obhaliwe ukuba ahlanganyele kunoma yimuphi umkhandlu oyinhloko, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungowaliphi ilungu. Nakuba lendlela ikhuphulela ukuhlanganyela futhi ivimbela ukuvota okuzimele nokungahlangani, iphakamisa ingozi yokuba "aphinde," lapho amalungu eqembu elithile avote esigabani eliphambili ukukhetha umphikisi obuthakathaka kakhulu. Ekwenzeni, ukuhlasela kuyinto engavamile kodwa kuye kwenzeka ezinhlangeni ezimpini ezishubile. Izindawo zokuvota ngokuvamile zivulelwa zivunywa njengendlela yokukhetha izikhundla ezilinganiselwe, njengomvoti welungu elithile elikhethayo ukuba akhethe inqubo engcono kakhulu.

Amabhande Angenalutho Avalekile Nemifece

Ezinye izifundazwe zisebenzisa isimiso esivalwe kancane, lapho abavoti abangakholeki bengakhetha khona iqembu eliyinhloko ukuba livote ngosuku lokhetho, kuyilapho amalungu eqembu abhalisiwe kumelwe avote emncintiswaneni weqembu lawo siqu. Ingubo enkulu [1] esetshenziswa kakhulu esikhathini esidlule futhi manje ethathelwa indawo yizintambo eziphezulu-mbili eziphambili, ezithatha bonke abavoti abavela kuyo yonke isigaba esikodwa, kanye nezingamele ezimbili ezithuthukela phambili kukhetho oluvamile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bangaba bangane neqembu labo. California neWashington manje isebenzisa isimiso esiyinhloko esingu-2 se-costailnion kanye namahhovisi ezwe, okungaveza ukuhlobana kokhetho abavamile phakathi kwabathathi ababili abathatha isigaba esisodwa, ngokuthanda ukuguqula amavoti amabili anezimo eziphezulu, abasondelayo ezimeleli zeqembu elivamile.

Izindlu zabesifazane

Ngaphezu kwezindawo ezithathelwa phambili, amazwe ambalwa asasebenzisa ama-caucuuse, ayimihlangano yamalungu eqembu aphikisanayo futhi abese evota (kaningi) ngokutshengisa izandla noma ngokuthutha ngokoqobo aye engxenyeni emisiwe yegumbi. Ama-Caucuuse aye agxekwa ngokuba nesikhathi esifinyele futhi angafinyeleli, njengoba efuna ukuba abakhona bahlanganyele esikhathini esithile kunokuba kube usuku lonke. Noma kunjalo, banikeza inqubo yokukhulula izakhiwo ezingakha intshiseko yotshani. Ama-Iowa aqala-incope-ous aye adlala indima engcono ekuhleleni insimu, naphezu kokuba isigaba esincane sikahulumeni.

Isinqumo phakathi kwezindawo eziphezulu nezingaphucuzeki senziwa amaqembu ezwe, ngaphansi kwemithetho yesifundazwe. Ukuthambekela emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule bekulokhu kuyikho kupringi, njengoba imibuso ifuna ukuthatha iqhaza eliphakeme nokuphathwa okulula. Namuhla, izifunda ezimbalwa kuphela eziphethe iziphakamiso zobupresidenti, futhi lezo ezisalokhu zibhekene nokucindezela kokushintshela emaprimenti ukuze zithuthukise ukufinyelela nokuphatha.

Ukuziphendukela Okungokomlando Kwemilandu KaHulumeni

Isimiso sanamuhla esiyinhloko siyisici esisanda kuqala kwezombangazwe zaseMelika. Engxenyeni enkulu yekhulu le-19, abaholi abambalwa bakhethwa yiqembu labaholi emihlanganweni yesizwe — "amagumbi agcwele i-oke" lapho amabhizinisi ayehlatshwa khona ngemva kweminyango evaliwe. Ukuqhubekeka kwenkathi yokuqala yama-1900 kwabekela le nqubo ekhethekile yokulwa ne-demokratistiki inselele, iphikisana ngokukhetha okuqondile nokuthatha iqhaza kakhulu ekukhetheni abavoti.

Inkathi Eqhubekayo Nokuvela Kwesisekelo Esiqondile

Kusukela kuWisconsin ngo-1903, amazwe aqala ukwamukela imithetho eyinhloko eyayivumela abavoti ukuba bakhethe abaphethe abaphethe iqembu labo kunokuba bashiye isinqumo kubaphathi beqembu. Ngo-1917, cishe wonke amazwe ayenohlobo oluthile lwe-injini eqondile. Nokho, lezi zindawo zakuqala zazingaboshi ngaso sonke isikhathi; izihambeli eziningi zemihlangano yesizwe zazisakhethwa ngamakomiti enhlangano kazwe, futhi iziqu zamazwe zazivame ukuba "imiqhudelwano eqinile" eyayinikeza abazokuhlola umphakathi kodwa ezazingaqinisekisiwe izihambeli.

Umhlangano Wentando Yeningi Ka - 1968 Nezinguquko ZaseMcGovern-Fraser

Isimiso esiyinhloko esibophayo sanamuhla savela ngemva kweSivumelwano seDemocratic National Convention eChicago, lapho umlandeli wempi u-Eugene McCarty alahlekelwa khona ilungelo lokukhethwa kukaMongameli uHubert Humphrey naphezu kokunqoba amavoti ayinhloko. Ababhula imicimbi baphikisana namaphoyisa, futhi umhlangano wabhekwa kabanzi njengongekho emthethweni. Lokhu kwaholela ekukhuleni kwe-Democratic Party McGovern-Fraser Commission, eyathimba ukuba amabutho ahulumeni akhethe izihambeli ezihambele ezimisweni ezivulekileyo nezinqulu-fafa ze-hele nokuthi i-ziququ zamazwe zaqala ukuba inqubo ephambili. Lokhu kwaholela ekukhuleni okuphawulekayo enanini yeqembu le-prigamus, futhi iRiphabliki ye-Riphabliki yalandela ngokushesha. Ngo-1976, izihambeli zezentengi ezikhethiwe ezikhethwe kakhulu kwezezombangazwe.

Izinguquko Ezilandelayo Nezinselele Zanamuhla

Kusukela kuma 1970, isimiso esiyinhloko siye saqhubeka siguquka. Bobabili abaphathi baye bahlela imithetho engcono yokusekela abaqhubi bama-athon noma ukukhuthaza ukulingana. Superdeelagens(abameleli abanezikhundla ezihlukene ezihlanganisa abaholi beqembu nabakhethiwe) abasuka ku-Democrat (okanye izikhulu ezikhethiwe) baqala ukumiswa amaDemocrates kuma- 1980 ukunikeza i-inquisitiontiontion, nakuba baye bathola ukugxekwa okukhulu ngo-2016 futhi kusukela lapho becindezelwa. Ukuphakama kokuvota kwakuqala, izimboni zeposi, futhi umkhankaso wolwembutho owe-inthanethi owenziwe ngengozi phambi kokuba abaqala abangenisi. Izizwe ziye zancintisana ukuze zikwazi ukuhambisa ama-prishicishin, into eyaziwa ngokuthi "ukulayisha i-mbobo yomphakathi," ithonya eliyidlana, futhi ithonya elincane, lingaba nethuba eliphawulekayo emasimini amaningi ngaphambi kokuba zilinganise.

Indlela Ithonya Lemidanti Elithuthukiswa Ngayo Isizwe

Ithonya lezikhulu zikahulumeni kubantu abazobhapathizwa liqondile futhi linezici eziningi. Kusukela ngesikhathi lapho umlandeli engena emncintiswaneni, zonke izinqumo, (hhono okumelwe kugcizelelwe, iziphi izimpikiswano, indlela yokwaba imithombo yemithombo ("ilolongwe ikhalenda eliyinhloko nemithetho elawula ukuqoqwa kwesabelo.)

Ukuzuza Insimu

Inqubo eyinhloko isebenza njengenqubo yokuhlela enzima. Abangatholi ukuphumelela emincintiswaneni yokuqala balahlekelwa ngokushesha ukuhlanganiswa kwemithombo yezindaba, ukuqoqa amakhono, nezisebenzi zomkhankaso. Umfundi oqeda okwesine noma okwesihlanu e-Iowa naseNew Hampshire angase alwele ukuthethelela ukuhlala emncintiswaneni, ngisho noma enolwazi oluqinile noma ukusekela okukhulu phakathi nesimiso sokuxhumana. Lokhu kugxilisa ukunakekela kwesizwe eqenjini elincane lababekisi besikhathi, ngamunye wabo abe esethi athole ingxenye yemidiya ebonakalisa izimpawu zesizwe.

Isenzo Nokulindela

Mhlawumbe amandla amakhulu kakhulu enkathi yokuqala amandla. Ofuna ukuphumelela awedlula amathemba awo emncintiswaneni wokuqala . njengokunqoba okumangalisayo kukaBarack Obama e-Iowa ngo- 2008(__uveza igalelo leminikelo, izisebenzi zokuzithandela, kanye nenkokhelo evumayo. Ngokuphambene, umdlali owenziwe ngempoqo, ngisho noma ewina, angabona amathemba awo ewohloka uma umngcele uwumngcingo ulinganiselwe kakhulu kunokuba kulindelwe. Amakhathi avame ukuhileleka ekulindeleni, alulaze alulaze amathuba awo, abese ethi "umdlali" ngokuqeda okwesibili noma okwesithathu, ukunyakaza okungagcina umkhankaso wawo uphilile kuze kube khona ivoti engcono kakhulu.

Iqhinga lokuphathisa abanye

Abameleli babala umncintiswano wezibalo. Imithetho ngayinye ikhipha imiklomelo ethile yabameleli, futhi abameleli badinga iningi ukuze baqinisekise ukufakwa kwenombolo. Imithetho enika abameleli iyahlukahluka: ezinye zisho ukuthi zithola imvume ngokulinganayo, kuyilapho ezinye zisebenzisa izinhlelo eziphumeleleyo noma ezixubile. Lemithetho iphoqelela ukuba zingabali nje kuphela lapho zingawina, kodwa lapho zingandisa khona inzuzo yokuphathiswa. Ngokwesibonelo, ekwakheni isilinganiso esithatha wonke umbuso, ukunqoba okuncane kuveza zonke izihambeli, kanti esifundeni esilinganiselwe, ukulahlekelwa kuka-5% kuya ku-49% kungaveza ukudonswa okukhulu, ukugcina umncintiswano. Amakhasime aqonda ukuthi ayakwazi ukuhlala ephila ngokumelene nomphikisi omkhulu, aqhube umncintiswano.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwesimiso Esibi Nezobuchwepheshe

Omasipala bacindezela abazohlolwa ukuba banelise isigaba somcimbi, esibonakala siqine kakhulu kunesabo bonke abakhethayo. Ukuze bawine ukufakwa kwezitho zokufakelwa, abazothatha izimo ezinika amandla asekela abangaphakathi(a amandla avame ukubadonsela kwesokudla (ku-Riphablikins) noma kwesobunxele (kuyiDemocrates). Lokhu "umphumela wokuziphatha" kungenza kube nzima ngabameleli uku-athíka esikhungweni sokhetho oluvamile ngaphandle kokubekwa icala ngokujikijela. Nokho, abazokuhlola i-modula bafunda isigijimi sabo kwesokudla, ngokusebenzisa inkathi yokuqala yokuhlola izimpikiswano futhi ukwakha i-stensho kamuva.

Ukuphonsa Imithombo Yezindaba Nemali

Izindawo zikahulumeni zenza inqwaba yezindaba −, izibalo, imiphumela, egcina abazofunda bephambi komphakathi. Imisebenzi enamandla iletha ukunakekela okukhululekile kwemithombo yezindaba, okubaluleke kakhulu emikhankasweni elinganiselwe. Imali, futhi, iboshelwe ekusebenzeni okuyinhloko; umdlali owinayo oqalayo ubona ukukhula kweminikelo yemidlalo emincane yemisebe yelanga enamandla. Ngokuphambene, uhlu lwezimali ezilahlekileyo zingaba nohluzo oluphambili futhi ziholele enkathazweni yokuhamba kwemali. Ngakho isimiso esiyinhloko sikhokhela abangayiwini nje kuphela kodwa futhi bazuze umsebenzi okhokhelwayo.

Ukuhlola Icala: Izenzo Zobugebengu Ezashintsha Izombangazwe Zesizwe

Imincintiswano embalwa eyinhloko ivelele njengezindawo ezishintshayo emlandweni wezombangazwe waseMelika, ibonisa amandla okhetho lwesifundazwe okushintsha ukugqugquzelwa kwayo yonke imikhankaso, futhi kwezinye izimo, ukuqondisa izwe.

1960 West Virginia Democratic Primary: John F. Kennedy

Ngo-1960, uMphathi uJohn F. Kennedy wabhekana nombono owandile wokuthi umKatolika wayengenakuphumelela kumongameli. Umkhankaso wakhe wahlasela iNtshonalanga Virginia, umbuso wobuProthestani onamandla, ukuze abonise ukuvota kwakhe. Kennedy wafaka imali eningi kuhulumeni, efaka umkhankaso futhi ekhanga abavoti ezindabeni zezomnotho kunokuba abe yinkolo. Ukunqoba kwakhe okuwujuqu eNtshona Virginia kwaphula isithiyo esingokwenkolo futhi kwaqinisekisa iqembu elingaphakathi ukuthi anganqoba ekukhethweni. Ukunqoba kweze kwaphumelela ngokuphumelelayo futhi kwavula indlela yokungahlangani kwakhe nokunqoba kwakhe uRichard Nixon. Lokhu kubonisa indlela eyinhloko engasusa ngayo icala nokulunga okukhulu nokuhle kwe-volo.

2008 I - Democratic Primary: I - Obama v. Clinton

IDemocratic ephambili phakathi kukaBarack Obama noHillary Clinton yayingomunye wemincintiswano emikhulu emlandweni wanamuhla. Yanwetshwa kwaze kwaba ngoFebruary noMarch, i-Clinton iphumelela izisekelo ze-Clinton eziyinhloko njenge California, Ohio, neTexas, kuyilapho i-Obama yakha inqongoza inqobela e-Iowa, South Carolina, kanye nentambo ye-caucus. Lo mjaho wanqunyushelwa ngokufaka isandla, no-Obama wakha isilinganiso esingenakulinganiswa nesilinganiso somdlalo oqinile emazweni amancane. I-Obama yaphoqelelwa ukuba ithuthukise i-teins systeont ne-ography kamuva eyayizomthwala nge-croult.

Isiqalo Sama - Republic: UDonald Trump

Ukunqoba kwe-Donald Trump ku-2016 Republican kwaqedwa ngokuyinhloko ukuhlakanipha kwezombangazwe okungokwesiko. Wathembela kakhulu ekunakeni kwemithombo yezindaba nakumyalezo we-populist owaheha kakhulu ngokuvota abavoti abasebenza ngesigaba seqembu abadumele ukumiswa. Trump wawina intambo yezifunda zakudala, kuhlanganise neNew Hampshire ne South Carolina, ngemigqa emikhulu, esebenzisa inhlanganisela yesimo se-crebration, ukushukuma okuvusa inkanuko, necebo lokuwina ngemisebenzi eminingi emasimini amaningi. Ubuthakathaka obusobala emithethweni yeqembu lezempi, [1]winner-oll joversss ayinik ayiniza uTrump jovss jovern, nakuba isikhuluminst .

2020 I-Procester yentando yeningi: I-South Carolina kaJoe Biden's Ibuya

Ngo-2020, umkhankaso kaJoe Biden wabonakala engcupheni yokuwa ngemva kokuqeda i-Iowa, i-New Hampshire, ne-Nevada. Nokho, ukunqoba kwakhe eSouth Carolina eyinhloko, egqugquzelwe ukusekela okukhulu okuvela ku-Afrikan American covotation, wavuselela ubuqotho bakhe. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, iphikiswana ngokulinganiselayo iPete Buttigieg no-Amy Klobuchar kwaphumela ngaphandle futhi kwagunyaza i-Biden, okwaholela egagangeni lokuzini lokuhamba elamthwala phakathi noLwesibili olukhulu nakuyiphanganisa. Lokhu kubonisa indlela iqhaza eliyinhloko elingaguqula ngayo ukuphumelela kwenhlanhla, ikakhulukazi uma ibonisa ukudluliswa kweqoqo elibalulekile eqeshelwe yiqembu lezikhulu.

Izinselele Nokugxeka Kwesimiso Esiyinhloko

Naphezu kwendima yaso eyinhloko okhethweni lwaseMelika, isimiso esiyinhloko sibhekene nokugxekwa okuphikelelayo okuvela ezimfundini, abashisekeli, nabahlaziyi bezombangazwe.

Ukudideka Kwezinto Eziphilayo Nokuhlanganyela Ezinqikazayo

Amahholo avalelwe akhipha izigidi zabavoti abazimele nabayingxenye yesithathu ekuhlanganyeleni ekukhetheni ama-opinter ayinhloko. Lokhu kunenkinga kakhulu ukuthi cishe abathathu kwabayishumi abavoti baseMelika baveza ukuthi bazimele. Ezifundeni ezivalekile, laba bavoti abanakusho lutho kubavoti abazovela ebhanseni labo lokukhetha, okuholela ekunciphiseni ukuthembisana kanye nomuzwa wokulahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithetho eqinile yemithetho ye-ID yabavoti elinganiselwe, ukuvota kwasekuqaleni, noma izindawo zokuvota okungenwa ngokungafanele zingakuvimbela ukuhlanganyela phakathi kwedlanzana nabambalwa nabangenayo, ukuveza abavoti abakhethiwe abadala, abaphezulu, abacebile, nabavoti kakhulu.

Ithonya Lokufakelwa Nokukhubazeka Kwangaphambili

Isimiso samanje sinikeza ithonya eligunyaziwe inani elincane lezifunda zakuqala, ikakhulukazi i-Iowa ne-New Hampshire. Lezi zifundazwe zimhlophe kakhulu, zisemaphandleni, futhi azikho kuwe ukuthi zikhona abantu besizwe. Amakhansi kumelwe achithe izinyanga eziningi ethandana nabavoti kulezifunda, athathe izikhundla ezihloselwe ukukhathalela kwendawo okungase kungazwisiseli sizwe. Lokhu kugcwala kwekhalenda kusho ukuthi abavoti abaningi kamuva bamazwe, kuhlanganise namazwe ahlukene, njenge-California ne-Texas. Iziphakamiso zokushintsha, njengaleyo ejikelezayo eqalayo, ihlombe ukuxoxa ngaleli lelizwe elikhona kodwa elinolwazi oluncane ngenxa yezezezezombangazwe.

Ukuvula Imibala Nokukhipha Igazi

Ngoba abavoti abayinhloko baqine kakhulu ngokwemibono kunanoma i-votorota, abacela ukuthathwa kwezikhundla ezisezikhundleni ngokuvamile bathatha izikhundla ezikude kakhulu kuvoti bemithombo yezindaba. Lokhu kungaholela ekuncipheni kwabavoti abashaye isigaba esiphansi, kubangele ukuba abavoti babhebhekiswe ngokungenanjongo, babangele ukuba amathuba eqembu ekukhetheni okuvamile. Inkinga ikhulu kakhulu ezindaweni ezilondekile namazwe lapho okukhetha okuyinhloko kuwukuphela komncintiswano. Ezinye izazi ziphikisa ngokuthi ukuvota okuvula amaprogranti noma i-coce i-cooce kunganciphisa ukubheta okunga ngokukhuthaza abavota ababhenele ekudluliseleni phambili kweqembu, kodwa lezinguquko zibhekene nokuphikisa okuvela ezindaweni ezimiswe amaqembu akhetha kakhulu ukuthi akunakunciphi ngokomthetho.

Indima Yemali

Umongameli oyisigebengu uyabiza, futhi abafuna ukunyuswa kwemali eshisiwe ngaphambi kokuba amavoti okuqala aphoqelelwe. Ithonya labacebi abacebile ne-PACS lingayinqanda inqubo yokuthola abazongena ezinhlanganweni ezinemali, kunokuba kube yilabo abasekela kakhulu. Ukunyuka kwe-divolontiya encane engosini ye-inthanethi ye-inthambi ye-inthanethi kuvame ukubhinqisa (njengoba kubonwa noBernie Sanders ngo-2016 nango-2020) kusenenzuzo encishisiwe ngokwezeko yomkhankaso, kodwa kusenenzuzo kwababezokwazi ukuveza izenzakalo kanye negama elithandwayo ekuqaleni komjikelezo. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi ukugcizelela kwezimali ezisekela izimali eziphambili kanye nezingadiyo ngaphansi kokungena ngisho nangaphansi komjahobo wohlanga.

Imithetho Eyinkimbinkimbi Neguquguqukayo

Inhlanganisela yemithetho kahulumeni nemithetho yeqembu edinga ukusetshenziswa. Izindawo ezibekwayo ziyahlukahluka ezifundeni, njengoba kunjalo ngezikhawu ezilandelwayo, amahora okuvota, nokuthatha inxaxheba. Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kungadida abavoti futhi kubangele amathuba okusebenzisa imishini eshayelela. Ngokwesibonelo, umkhankaso ungakhuthaza abaxhasi ukuba babhalise neqembu elithile enyangeni eziyinhloko ezivaliwe, kuyilapho ezifundeni ezivulekile, bangakhuthaza ukuvota. Ukuntula ukuvumelana kwezimiso kululaza isimiso somuntu oyedwa, ivoti futhi kungaholela ekutholeni imiphumela engabonisisiyo yonke intando yeqembu.

Izimfuneko Zenguquko: Ngasesimisweni Esilungile Nesesimiso Esihlanganisa Abantu Abaningi

Ngenxa yokugxekwa okunesikhathi eside kwesimiso esiyinhloko, iziphakamiso ezihlukahlukene zenguquko ziye zathuthukiswa izazi, izikhulu zokhetho namaqembu okuphatha izigebengu.

Usuku Lwempela Lwesizwe

Enye inhloso ukuthatha ikhalenda eliyi-testamente lithathe usuku olulodwa oluyinhloko, lapho zonke izizwe zingathatha khona imincintiswano yazo ngesikhathi esifanayo. Lokhu kungaqeda ukulayisha phambili futhi kunike wonke umvoti iphimbo elilinganayo ekuhlohlaneni. Nokho, abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi ngeke kuphumelele abazazisayo abantulayo abantulayo abadinga izimali zokukhankanya kanyekanye kulo lonke izwe, befuna ngokuphumelelayo imali eyengeziwe ukuze bancintisane. Kunganciphisa namathuba omkhankanti wotshani wotshani kanye ne "Izombangazwe ezivamile" ajabulisayo manje.

Ukushintsha Izindawo Zokuhlela Izifunda

Ngaphansi kwesimiso esiyinhloko sesifunda, izwe lizohlukaniswa libe yizifunda eziningana, futhi indawo ngayinye ingavota ngokulandelana okushintshashintshanayo njalo eminyakeni emine. Lokhu kungaqinisekisa ukuthi akukho sifunda esisodwa noma iqoqo lezifunda elilawula ngokungaguquki. Izinhlangano zesizwe zingahlela izifunda ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthi izibalo zamanani ahlukahlukene kanye nezimpikiswano ezikhona enqubeni ngayinye. Lesi siphakamiso siye sagunyazwa yiwo womabili amaqembu ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene kodwa siye sahluleka ukuthola amandla embusweni ngenxa yokuphikisa okuvela ezimweni zamanje ezizuzisayo ezisekelwe ezikhundleni zakuqala.

Imishini Evulekile Nemibili

Ukwandisa amaprim avulekile noma ukwamukela izimiso ezimbili eziyinhloko eziphezulu kuzo zonke izifundazwe kungandisa ukuthatha uhlangothi ngezikhulu futhi kungathatha ukuziphatha okulinganiselwe. Kuphezulu-kabili, bonke abavoti bavela ebhandeni elifanayo, futhi abakhiqizi ababili abaphezulu baqhubekela phambili kukhetho oluvamile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bahlanganyela eqenjini. Lesimiso siye sasetshenziswa eCalifornia naseWashington futhi saholela okhethweni olungcono oluncintisanayo futhi sanciphisa ukuhla kwe-Criffalo empini ethile. Nokho, siye sabhekana futhi nokugxekwa kokulawula iqembu elilulaza futhi sinciphisa ukukhetha okuvamile uma bobabili abagcini beqembu bengaba abambalwa beboshelwe kuleyo nhlangano.

Ilayisishi elishiwe-Choice

Uvota olunechoice (RCV) luvumela abavoti ukuba bahlele abavoti abafuna ukukhethwa ngokulandelana. Uma kungekho mvoti othola iningi lamavoti okuqala e-choice, umvoti wokugcina uqediwe, futhi amavoti adluliselwa kwezinye izinqumo zabavoti abalandelayo. Le nqubo iyaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho umvoti efinyelela inani elikhulu. i-RCV inganciphisa isidingo sokhetho oluhluliwe oluyinhloko (njengase-Maine nase-Alaska, lapho lusetshenziselwa khona kokubili ama-primp kanye nokhetho oluvamile) futhi ingakhuthaza abavoti ukuba bakhe imifelandawo ebanzi. Abaphikisayo baphikisayo bathi i-RCV iyadidanisa inani elikhulu lempatho, kodwa ukuhlola kusikisela ukuthi ukuqonda kungcono ngokusebenzisa.

Ama - caucuuse Akhiqizayo

Uma kuqalwa amazinga aphansi okuhlanganyela kanye nemingcele ehlangene nama-caucuse, abasekeli benguquko abaningi bafuna ukuba bathathelwe indawo ngokuphelele yizigebengu zikahulumeni. Izifundazwe eziningi kakade seziye zashintsha, zicaphuna isidingo sokutholaka okungaphezulu kanye nokungavumelani nokungavumelani. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Iowa Democratic Party, ishintshe i-caucus isuka kwi-posi-impela ngo-2024, zilandela izinkinga zobuchwepheshe nokugxeka ngo-2020. Ukususa i-cauclus kungenza inqubo ibe nethonya labashisekeli benkolo abakwazi ukuchitha amahora amaningi emhlanganweni, kodwa futhi kunganciphisa ne-coliba i-cusmfonto ethile ephakathi.

Isiphetho

Ukhetho oluyinhloko lukahulumeni lungaphezu nje kokuba indinganiso yokuqala emncintiswaneni wobumongameli. Bayisimiso esinamandla futhi esivame ukuphikisana esihluza, simile, futhi siphakamise abazohlolwa ngezindlela zokunanela ngokhetho oluvamile nangalé. Kusukela ohlobo lweziqu eziyinhloko (ezivaliweyo, ezivulekile, eziphezulu-mbili) ukuya esikhathini kanye nokubekwa imithetho, zonke izitho zemisebenzi abazofuna ukumiswa ezisinda, okukhona impikiswano ebusayo, futhi yiziphi ezizwakalayo. Ukuqonda abakhiphi bemishini nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwezindlu zezindawo kuhlobisa abafundisi nabafundi ngamathuluzi okuhlaziya inqubo yezombangazwe kanye nemiphumelo yevolo.

Isimiso esiyinhloko sisalokhu siwumsebenzi oqhubekayo, ophikiswa yizindaba zokulunga, ukuhlanganyela, nokumelela. Njengoba izwe likhula lihlukahluka kakhulu futhi abavoti bezimela kakhulu, ukucindezela kokuguqulwa cishe kuzoba kwanda. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngokuhlelwa kwezincwadi ezisemthethweni, ngokushintsha uhlelo lwezifunda, noma ngezindawo zokuvota, ushintsho oluvulekayo kuloluhlelo lwamanje lungaveza izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zama-minenes", kanye nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zomongameli. Okwamanje, indlela eya eHolweni emhlophe isahamba phakathi kwezifundazwe ezingamashumi amahlanu, ngalinye ngemithetho yalo, i-votatortate, kanye nekhono lalo lokulungisa ikusasa lobuholi baseMelika. Ukusebenza ngalenqubo, kokubili njengo-cconsons kanye nezakhamuzi abaziwayo, kubalulekile empilweni yommeleni yombuso wentando yentando yentando yeningi.

Imisuka yokufunda okuqhubekayo: [[FT]] Isikhungo sokucwaninga - Inkonzo; Brookings Institutions – Equalitions; iKhomishane ye-FOD [; [[FTLT:8]] ingqungquthela yesizwe ye-Legistus projecterss-Proquations.]