Indima Ebucayi Yokukhetha Okuyinhloko Kwentando Yeningi YaseMelika

Ukhetho oluyinhloko lusebenza njengesango lokuthola amandla ezombangazwe e-United States. Nakuba ekugcineni kunqunywa ukuthi ubani ophethe isikhundla, kuphakathi kwemincintiswano eyinhloko lapho umkhakha wabazobhapathizwa uncishwa khona, amapulatifomu eqembu futhi amavoti athandwayo kuqala avezwa. Ukuqonda indlela isisekelo sokhetho esilawulayo esisebenza ngayo kokubili abavoti kanye nokukhetha okukhethwayo kubalulekile kunoma ubani ofunda isayensi yezombangazwe, ukukhankanisela, noma ukuhlangana kwesizwe. Lesi sihloko sihlola amakheli, izilinganiso, futhi siveza amandla okhetho oluyinhloko, ukudweba ngomo olungokomlando, ulwazi lwamanje, nochwepheshe.

Okwenza Ukukhetha Okuyinhloko Kube Nendaba

Ukhetho oluyinhloko lungaphezu nje kwesinyathelo sokuqala. Banquma ukuthi yibaphi abazothatha izintambo zezombangazwe okhethweni oluvamile, bahlele kahle ukukhetha okukhona ngokhetho olubanzi. Ukubaluleka kwezindawo eziyinhloko kudlulela nasezindaweni eziningana:

  • Grassroots ukuthatha ingxenye: inikeza amalungu eqembu aphezulu nohele ukuze alolonge indlela yeqembu lawo, ngokuvamile akhulisa amazwi asendaweni ngokuqondisa kweqembu lesizwe.
  • Ukuhluza okungaguquguquki: Inqubo eyinhloko yokhula ekhipha abazohlolwa abangakwazi ukwakha ukusekela okwanele, kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi onyulo abavamile sebebonise izinga elithile lokukhanga kwezombangazwe.
  • Izimpawu ze- Prothery:[ Imiphumela ephambili ithumela izimpawu ezicacile kubaholi beqembu ngezindaba namasiko avumelana nesisekelo, athonya uhlelo lwemithetho kanye nokuthumela kwedili.

Njengoba kuphawulwe Brookings Institution, okhetho oluyinhloko lungasusa isikhungo semibono yeqembu, ikakhulukazi uma ukuvota kubuswa i-athomo ethembiswe kakhulu, ngokuvamile abavoti abaqisa kakhulu.

Izinhlobo Zokhetho Oluyinhloko Nemiphumela Yazo

Imithetho elawula okhetho oluyinhloko iyahlukahluka kakhulu ngokwezwe, futhi lokhu kungafani kushintsha kakhulu ukuziphatha komvoti nokuhlanganyela kwakhe. Ukuqonda izinhlobo eziyinhloko kusekelwe kunoma ikuphi ukuhlaziya.

Izinhlamvu Zemali Ezivalekile

Kuyi-primpmary, abavoti kuphela ababhaliswe neqembu abangavota eqenjini eliyinhloko. Lesimiso sikhuthaza ukwethembeka kweqembu futhi sivimbela ukuvota, lapho amalungu eqembu elithile engase avote khona ngokuyinhloko omunye umuntu ukuze athonye ukukhetha umphikisi obuthakathaka. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi amaprojekthi avalayo aqinisa ubumsulwa bemibono futhi alahle abavoti abazimele. Izifundazwe ezingu-15, kuhlanganise neNew York neFlorida, zisebenzisa izimiso eziyinhloko ezivalekile.

Ukuvula Imisebenzi

Izindawo zokuvota zivumela noma imuphi umvoti obhaliwe ukuba akhethe ukuthi ubani ozohlanganyela ngokuyinhloko ohlwini lokhetho. Lesimiso sigcwele kakhulu, kodwa siphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngokuvota okungokomthetho. Ngokwesibonelo, umvoti othatha imingcele angase avote emoclobeni enkulu yeDemocratic ukuze asekele umuntu ozothatha i-democratic, okungalula ukuwenza buthaka amathikithi e-Democratic. Amazwe anjengeMichigan neVirginia asebenzisa ama-pripritan.

Ama - semi - Primicrial Avalekile

Ama-semi accined primier avumela abavoti abangafifi abakhetha ukuthi obani abazovota, kuyilapho amalungu eqembu abhalisiwe engavota kuphela emncintiswaneni weqembu lawo. Lokhu kulinganisela okuhlanganisa ukuthembeka kweqembu. Izwe njengeNyakatho Carolina neConnecticut lisebenzisa lesi sibonelo.

Imidlalo engaphezulu-2 (noma “Jungle”)

Ngaphansi kwesimiso esiphezulu-smbili, bonke abazongena ehhovisi elinikeziwe bavela ebhokisini elilodwa eliyinhloko, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bahlanganyela kuphi. Abavoti ababili abathwele phambili baqhubekela phambili kukhetho oluvamile, ngisho noma bebomunye umkhandlu. Lesi simiso sihlose ukunciphisa i-gridlock futhi sikhuthaze abathatha i-colock ephakathi. California ne Washington basebenzisa ama-printaries aphezulu. Ukucwaninga okuvela ku- [[[FLT:] Varote kusikisela ukuthi izimiso eziphezulu-zimbili zingandisa ukukhetha kodwa zinganciphisa ukumelelwa kweqembu elincane.

Izindawo zokudayisa eziphezulu

Muva nje i-Alaska ithathe ukuvota okuphezulu okune okuhlangene nokuthatha iziqu ezine eziphezulu kukhetho oluvamile. Kulesi simiso, abavoti abane abaphezulu kakhulu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bangene eqenjini, baqhubekela phambili kukhetho oluphezulu. Le nguquko iklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa ukumelelwa okukhulu nokunciphisa ukuhlukana kwezwe.

Indlela Ukukhetha Okuyinhloko Okuyithonya Ngayo Iqembu

Inqubo eyinhloko inamandla kulabo abafuna ukufakwa kweqembu. izihloko kumelwe zihambe endaweni lapho imishini yokukhetha incane, ihlukanisa kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile yeqisa kakhulu kunenani labantu.

Ukuthola Imibono

Ukuze bawine, abafuna ukubhalisa bavame ukuthatha izikhundla ezidlulisa isikhalo kumshisekeli weqembu. Lokhu kungaholela “ekweqiseni,” lapho abafuna ukubhapathizwa bencintisana khona ukuze babhekwe njengomvikeli oqotho wezimiso zeqembu eliyinhloko. Ezingeni eliphansi, abazofuna ukubhalisa inqumo bangathatha izimo ezikude kakhulu kumvoti wezindaba, kuphela ukulinganisela phakathi nomkhankaso wokhetho oluvamile. Lento, eyaziwa ngokuthi “imiphumela ewumphumela womthetho,” ibhalwe kahle ezincwadini zesayensi yezombangazwe.

Ukukhokhela Nokusekela

Impumelelo eyisisekelo ithonywa kakhulu ukukhokha imali kanye nokugunyaza abantu abaphezulu. Imali yokuqala evela kwabanikeli abancane nabaphani i-PACs ingabonisa ukuphumelela. Izimpawu zezibalo ezinethonya, njengamongameli noma izihlalo zeqembu lendawo, zingaqinisa ukusekela kanye nokuvimbela. Ukwanda kwe-inthanethi yezimali ezincane ze-odolar ebhandeni, ikakhulukazi emapulatifomuni anjenge-Act Blue ne-Win Red, kuye kwaguqula indawo, kuvumela abaqhubi ukuba bavinyiswe insela izinselele zokusungula izicelo.

Ukuhlaselwa Kwezimpande Ezinkulu

Abazothatha ama-asethi abaphumelelayo bavame ukwakha imisebenzi eqinile, bencike ekungqongqozeni emizini, ekubekeni izingcingo, nasemicimbini yendawo. Lokhu kuqina kwenhlangano kungaqhubekela phambili okhethweni oluvamile, kunikeze isiqalo esiphambili. Nokho, ukugxila kakhulu emincintiswaneni eyinhloko kungaqeda futhi imithombo, okwenza abazobhapathizwa babe yizisulu ezilula kuwonke.

Imisebenzi Enamandla

Ubugebengu yindawo yokulwa amaqembu angaphakathi. Ku-Democratic Party, amaphiko athuthukayo nalinganiselwe avame ukuphikisana ngezindaba ezinjengokunakekelwa kwempilo, isimiso sezulu, nobulungisa bobugebengu. ERiphablikian Party, umehluko phakathi kokumiswa kwamalungu anokudla nomthetho ohlukile noma abamelene nokumiswa kwe-propolist usuke uyisici esichaza imijikelezo yamuva. Lempi yezentengiselwano ayikhi nje kuphela isici esinesikhathi eside kodwa futhi nobudlelwane beqembu.

Ukukhetha Ukuhambisa Izincwadi Ezikhethwa Emkhakheni Oyinhloko

Abavoti abayinhloko bathambekele ekuhlukeni kubavoti abavamile, bathembisene kakhulu kwezombangazwe, bahlukanisa kakhulu, futhi badala kakhulu. Ukuqonda ukuthi yini ebangela ukukhetha kwabo ukuba bachaze imiphumela eyinhloko.

Ulwazi neMidiya

Abavoti abayinhloko bancike kakhulu ekwazisweni okuqondile: izikhundla zesimiso, izinkulumo zengxoxo, nokugunyaza. Imithombo yezindaba, kokubili ngokwesiko nangokwenhlalo, inendima enkulu. Abakhiqizi bezikhathi zamagciwane noma abathola inzuzo engcono kumanani anethonya bangathola amandla asheshayo. Nokho, ukuqamba amanga nokuchayeka okukhetha kungahlukanisa futhi i-protatortive.

Ukuchazwa Kweqembu Nemibono

Kubantu abaqalayo, ukubonakala kweqembu kunikezwa, ngakho abavoti basebenzisa iziphakamiso zemibono ukuze bahlukanise abantu. Umvoti ochaza ngokuthi “umthetho oqinile” cishe uzokhetha umvoti ogcizelela ukusikwa kwentela, amalungelo ezibhamu, nezindinganiso ezingokwesiko. “okhululekile kakhulu” angase abeke abavoti abasekela ukunakekelwa kwempilo yonke indawo noma intela eqhubekayo. Ukwanda kwemibono yokuhlelwa kwe-vota yaseMelika kwenza abavoti bathathi abaphambili abaxhasi abaphambili, kodwa futhi bamelana kakhulu nokuhlehla.

Izici Ezingokomzwelo Nezithintayo

UCharisma, ubuqiniso, kanye nokukhetha okuthathwa njengethonye elinamandla kakhulu. Abavoter bavame ukubuza: “Lombheki-mvume anganqoba okhethweni oluvamile?” Ngenxa yalokho, abavoti ababhekwa njengabakhulu ngokweqile noma abangakufaneleki bangalahlwa ngisho noma behlanganyela umqondo womvoti. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abavoti bangajezisa abavoti ngokushiyeka kwabo noma izimpikiswano zesikhathi esidlule, nakuba ukwethembeka kwesizwe kunganqoba ukukhathazeka okunjalo.

Ukusuka Ezindaweni Ezithile Nokuhlanganyela

I-parter iphansi kakhulu − ngokuvamile i-20-40% kuphela yabavoti abafanele ezifundazweni abangenakho ukuncintisana kobumongameli. Lokhu kuthatha izikhala kuqinisa amandla amaqembu enzalo, abashisekeli, nabavoti abavunyiwe kakhulu. Imizamo yokwandisa ukuthatha isinyathelo, njengokubhalisa, ukuvota kwasekuqaleni, nokufaka iposi ezindaweni ezingcono, iye yaboniswa ukuthuthukisa ukuvuselelwa kwezindawo eziphezulu, kodwa umphumela ulinganiselwe uma uqhathaniswa nokhetho oluvamile. Isikhungo sokucwaninga sobuProputement imibiko yokuthi ukuvota okuyinhloko kulokhu kubhekwe, ukuvota, ukuvota, nokufaka inxenye enzisweni le-posi, kuye kwaboniswa ukuthuthukisa ukuthatha indawo engaphezulu, kodwa umphumela ukwenziwa kwezombangazwe lwezwe lonke. [FT.PLT:0]

Ithonya Lokukhetha Okuyinhloko Ekukhetheni Okuvamile

Imiphumela yezikhulu zabefundisi ingena okhethweni oluvamile, ithinta yonke into kusukela ekuguqukeni kuya ezimpikiswaneni zesimiso.

Ukulinganisela Nokucwenga

Lapho iziqu ziveza izimpondo eziyingozi kakhulu, okhethwe abaningi bangase balwele ukudlulisa isikhala kubantu abasesilinganisweni nabazimele. Ukucwaninga kubonisa ukuthi abachaphazelekayo ngebanga elivalekile bavame ukuhlukana kunalabo abafakwe ngezimiso ezivulekile noma ezimbili eziphezulu. Nokho, umphumela uyacaciswa. Ezifundeni eziphephile, izingcindezi eziyinhloko zibusa; ezindaweni ezincintisanayo, abazofuna ukubhapathizwa banezisusa ezinamandla kakhulu zokulinganisela.

I - Voter Turrout Nentshiseko

I-protein ephakeleyo nephezulu ingathuthukisa ukubolekisana kwabavoti. Izikhulu zika-2016 no-2020 ze-Democratic Primerial zabona irekhodi eligciniwe, likhuliswa isithakazelo esikhulu kubo bobabili abazobhapathizwa kanye nezimpikiswano. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-primetics engahlolwanga noma eyisikhiphi esiphansi ingacindezela ukuphenduka, okungase kuqhubekele kujenene. Uma iqembu liphethe isigaba esihlukanisayo, abanye abasekeli benkomfakelayo bangahlala ngaphandle kokhetho oluvamile noma ukuvotela iqembu lesithathu.

Ubunye Beqembu

Izingxabano zingashiya amagqubu angapheli, okwenza kube nzima ngomnumzane ukuba ahlanganise leliqembu. Ngokwesibonelo, iRepublica ya 2016 ngokuyinhloko yaveza izimpi ezibuhlungu phakathi kukaDonald Trump nezimbangi zakhe, nokho iningi lamaRepublic lagcina lisemuva kweze-omminee. Kodwa kwezinye izimo, njengabanye abadukile, abahlulwa kakhulu nabasekeli babo bangase bagodle noma bavumele ngisho nokusekela umsekeli weqembu eliphikisayo, balulaze amathemba okukhetha.

Ukuthola Imali Nemithombo Yezinto

Abaholi ababhekene nezigebengu ezikhungethwe kakhulu bavame ukulahla izimali zomkhankaso, zibashiye bengenamali ngokumelene nabaphikisi abaphambili abathandwa kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abazuza izigebengu ngokusekela okukhulu bangasebenzisa amandla anamandla awenziwa asebenzele. Amakomiti eqembu lesizwe angase futhi anike izimali ezisekelwe ekuncintisaneni okuyinhloko, okuqhubekayo okulungisa imiphumela.

Izinselele Nokugxeka Okuthandwa Abantu Abayinhloko

Naphezu kwesithembiso sabo sentando yeningi, okhetho oluyinhloko lubhekene nokugxekwa okukhulu okuye kwabangela ukuba kudingeke ukuba kwenziwe izinguquko.

Inkathi Ephansi Nengamele

Ukugxeka okuphikelela kakhulu ukuthi abavoti abayinhloko abameleli inani labantu elibanzi. Bamhlophe, badala, futhi bacebile kakhulu kunabo bonke abavoti abavamile nesizwe sisonke. Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi abavoti abayinhloko bakhulu ngokwemibono futhi basengozini kakhulu yokuba nemibono enamandla yokukhetha, engaholela ekuthatheni izitho zomlingi ezinyaweni emphakathini.

Ukwenelisa Nokususa

Izenzo zobugebengu zingandisa ukuhlaziywa kwezombangazwe ngabathandi bezombangazwe abavuzwayo abanxusa amalungu athembekile kakhulu eqembu, ngokuvamile okweqisa kakhulu. Lokhu kushukumisa kuye kwahlotshaniswa nokunyuka kwabaphangi nabamelene nokumiswa nhlangothi zombili, nakuba umphumela uvezwa kakhulu ezifundeni ezinokulondeka lapho ukhetho oluvamile lungasheshi.

Ukuyinkimbinkimbi Nokudideka

Isimiso esixubile semithetho eyinhloko ekhona ezindaweni sibangela ukudideka kwabavoti. Umuntu osuka esimweni esivulekile waya esimweni esivalekile angangazi ngezikhathi ezimisiwe zokubhalisa noma izimfuneko zeqembu lokuhlangana. Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kuthinta ngokungenakuqhathaniswa abasha, abanothile abancane, nabavoti abangafundile kakhulu, abathatha ingxenye eqhubekayo.

Izindleko Nesikhathi Eside

Imikhankaso eyinhloko ingathatha izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka, isebenzise ingcebo enkulu. Izikhulu kumelwe ziphakamise imali yokuncintisana ezifundeni eziningi, ngokuvamile ngaphambi kokuba kukhishwe amavoti okuqala. Inkathi enkulu ingaholela futhi ekukhathaleni kovoti futhi inciphise ukunaka ezimpikiswaneni ezibalulekile zemithetho.

Ukuqondisa Okungathí sina

Ezindaweni ezivulekile, ngezinye izikhathi amaqembu abhekene nengozi “yokuvota ngokunye,” lapho abasekeli beqembu elimelene nalo bewela khona ngamabomu ukuze bakhethe umuntu obuthakathaka. Nakuba ubufakazi obunamandla bokuvota obuthinta imiphumela yokuvota buxubene, ukumane nje kuphembele izimpikiswano ngobuqotho obuyinhloko.

Izinguquko Nekusasa Lokukhethwa Okuyinhloko

Ngenxa yalezi zinselele, kuye kwatholakala izihlongozo eziningi zenguquko.

  • Phezulu-mbili nangaphezulu-kane-primerive: yaklanyelwa ukunciphisa ububanzi bezwe nokukhuphula ukuncintisana ngokuvumela inani labazolandela isigaba esisodwa ukuba liqhubeke.
  • ukuvota okunezintambo eziphambili: kuvumela abavoti ukuba bakhethe izigaba, kukhuthaza ukuvumelana nokuncishiswa kwemiphumela yezokwenakele yabathathi bengxenye yesithathu.
  • Ivula izitembu ngokubhalisa kosuku olufanayo: ihloselwe ukuthatha indawo ebanzi futhi yenza ummeleli ongcono.
  • Ngokusekelwe ngokwezimali amaprime: Ukunciphisa ithonya labacebi abacebile nePCs enkulu, okunganciphisa indawo yokudlala.
  • [ Nonpartans primiaris: Kwezinye izindawo, amaprimethi asuswa ngokuphelele ngenxa yokhetho olungelulo isigaba, luvumela bonke abavoti ukuba bakhethe kubo bonke abazoqala.

Lezinguquko ziyavivinywa emfuthweni wezwe nasendaweni. Ngokwesibonelo, I-Alaska ephezulu-yone ephawulwe ngokwezigaba yakhishwa ngo-2022 futhi yadonsa ukunakekela kwesizwe njengesibonelo esingase sinciphe izindawo ezibandayo. Ukuhlola kwakuqala kusikisela ukuthi isimiso sakhuthaza isakhiwo sesiphambano semifelandawonye futhi savumela abahambeli abangcono ukuba baqhubeke phambili.

Isiphetho

Ukhetho oluyinhloko luyisici esiyisisekelo kodwa esingaqondwa kahle sentando yeningi yaseMelika. Babumba abazohlomela ukubusa, banikeze izwi kumalungu eqembu, futhi bathonye ukuqondisa kwemibono yesizwe. Nokho futhi babhekene nezinselele ezinkulu, kuhlanganise nokubuya okuphansi, ukuhlaziywa, nokungalingani. Ukuqonda indlela amaprotheni asebenza ngayo, futhi indlela angaguqulwa ngayo kunoma ubani ofuna ukuzihlanganisa nesimiso sezombangazwe. Njengoba indawo iqhubeka ivuleka, kokubili abafundisi novota kumelwe kuhlale kuzazi ngezimiso ezinquma ukuthi amaphutha ombangobo. Impilo yedemocralitives ixhomeke empilweni, ngokwengxenye, empilweni yokhetho lwawo.