Indlela Imikhankaso Yokukhetha Esekelwa Ngayo: Incazelo Yesakhamuzi

Imikhankaso yokukhetha embusweni wentando yeningi wanamuhla idinga izimali ezicebile ukuze zisebenze ngokuphumelelayo. Kusukela ekukhangiseni nasekusebenziseni izintambo zotshani, izindleko zokungenela umkhankaso wezombangazwe oncintisanayo zingafinyelela izigidi noma ngisho nezigidi zezigidi zamaRandi. Ukuqonda indlela lemikhankaso ekhokhelwa ngayo kubalulekile ngezakhamuzi ezifuna ukwenza izinqumo ezisekelwe ulwazi ngenqubo yezombangazwe futhi ziqaphele ithonya lemali okhethweni.

Izimali zenkampane zimelela esinye sezici eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu neziphikisana kakhulu zokubusa kwentando yeningi. Indlela imikhankaso ephakamisa futhi isebenzise imali ngemiphumela eqondile engathinta ngayo umuntu ongathatha isikhundla, okuthi imiyalezo ifinyelele kubavoti, futhi ekugcineni, abakhethwayo. Lesiqondiso esibanzi sihlola imithombo ehlukahlukene yezimali zomkhankaso, izisekelo ezingokomthetho ezilawula iminikelo yezombangazwe, nezinhlangano ezifeza indima ebalulekile ekukhetheni izimali.

Imithombo Eyisisekelo Yokuxhasa Kwemikhankaso

Ukuqonda le mithombo kusiza abavoti ukuba baqaphele ukuthi abazofuna imali bayitholaphi nokuthi yini abangayifuna enqubweni yezombangazwe.

Iminikelo Kabani

Umuntu angase anikele ngamaRandi angu - 3 500 ngokhetho kukhetho oluya eNdlu noma eNdlwini Yezigele yaseU.S. ngaphansi komthetho kahulumeni wamanje. Lemingcele yomnikelo ishintsha ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze ukwehla kwamandla emali, kuqinisekwe ukuthi iziqondiso zihlala zihlobene nezimo zezomnotho.

Iminikelo yomuntu ngamunye isuka emalini ewuhlobo oluhlukene, kusuka emalini ethatha imali encane kakhulu kuya ku-R2 evumelekile. Ukwanda kwamapulatifomu afaka imali e-inthanethi kuye kwenza kwaba lula kunanini ngaphambili emikhankasweni ukucela iminikelo emincane evela kwabasekeli abaningi. Lokhu kuhlelwa kwenani lokuxhasa imali kuye kwavumela abazothatha izimali ngaphandle komfelandawo ecebile ukuba bakhe izitsha zempi ezisemqoka ezisekelweni zotshani.

Eminye imingcele yomnikelo isebenza kukhetho ngalunye lapho umvoti kahulumeni ehlanganyela khona. Ngokwesibonelo, ukhetho oluyinhloko noluvamile luthathwa njengokhetho oluhlukile. Umuntu anganikela ngokhetho olungu R1,500 ku-R3 500 kunyulo oluyinhloko; umuntu anganikela olunye u-R3,500 okhethweni oluvamile. Lesi sakhiwo sinikeza abantu imvume yokunikela ku-R2,000 ngomjikelezo wokhetho.

Ukubaluleka kweminikelo yomuntu ngamunye kudlulela ngalé kwamaRandi nje. Imikhankaso ngokuvamile ivimbela inani labantu abanikelayo abanobufakazi bokusekelwa okubanzi. Umuntu ozongenela ukunikela ngezinkulungwane ezingamakhulu eziyizinkulungwane angathola igunya lokugunyaza izimpande zotshani, kuyilapho umuntu othembele kubantu abancane abanikelayo angase abhekane nemibuzo yokuthi bafezani ngempela.

AmaKomiti Empi Yezombangazwe (Ama - PAC)

I-Pithobial Action Committee imelela izinhlangano eziklanyelwe ukuphakamisa nokuchitha imali kwabazokhethwa noma abanqotshwe. Umthetho we-Federal uvumela izinhlobo eziningi zamakomiti ezenzo zezombangazwe (PAC). UMthetho we-Federal Ecomment Campainsel unqabela izinhlangano nezinhlangano zezisebenzi ukuba zenze iminikelo eqondile noma izindleko ngokuphathelene nokhetho lukahulumeni. Nokho, lezinhlangano zingaxhasa izimali "ezingahlanganiswe" (SF), eyaziwa ngokuthi "expontment PaC".

I-PAC exhunyiwe ivame ukumiswa yizinhlangano zezisebenzi, izinhlangano zezentengiselwano, noma ezinye izinhlangano zamalungu.

Ama-PAC angaxhunyiwe asebenza ngokuzimela ngaphandle kwenhlangano exhasayo. I-PAC engaxhunyiwe izimele ngokwezimali, okusho ukuthi kumelwe ikhokhele izindleko zayo siqu zokuphatha isebenzisa iminikelo ekhushulwayo. Nakuba inhlangano ingase isekele ngokwezimali i-PAC engaxhunyiwe, lezindleko zithathwa njengeminikelo e-PAC futhi zingaphansi kwemingcele yamaRandi nezinye izimfuneko ze-Act.

I-PAC yendabuko ibhekene nemingcele engokomnikelo kokubili kulokho ekwazi ukukuthola nalokho engakwenza. Ingamukela imali engafinyelela ku-R35 000 ngonyaka kubantu ngabanye futhi inganikela ku-R150 kukhetho lohulumeni. Lemingcele ihlukanisa ama-PAC angokwesiko kuma-paC abazala bawo abasanda kukhula, i-Super PAC, asebenza ngaphansi kwemithetho ehlukene.

AmaKomiti Eqembu Lezombangazwe

Amaqembu ezombangazwe afeza indima ebalulekile ekuxhaseni ngokwezimali ngamakomiti awo ahlukahlukene esizwe, ezweni, nasezindaweni zendawo. Umuntu anganikela cishe u-R4,300 ngonyaka ekomitini ngalinye lesizwe (umz., i-DNC/RNC, i-DSC/NRC, i-DCC/NRC). Lemikhawulo ephakeme ibonisa indima enkulu yamaqembu ekusekeleni i-stativestiki nezakhiwo zezombangazwe.

Amakomiti eqembu lesizwe angalondoloza futhi ama-akhawunti akhethekile ngenjongo ethile. Umuntu anganikela imali engafinyelela ku-R120,90 ngonyaka ekhalendeni ngalinye ikomiti yesizwe egcina izinjongo ezicaciwe: ukulandisa kokwakha, ukulandisa, (uma kubhekiswa endabeni ye-DNC/RNC). La marekhodi akhethekile avumela amaqembu ukuba aphakamise imali eyengeziwe yemisebenzi enjengokunakekela izakhiwo zasendlunkulu, ukuxhasa ukulandisa nomthetho, kanye nokuhlela imihlangano yomongameli.

Amakomiti eqembu lezombangazwe anganikela ngokuqondile ngemali kwabazohlolwa, ngaphansi kwemingcele yomnikelo obekwe ngenhla. Amakomiti eqembu lesizwe nesifundazwe angase enze imingcele eyengeziwe "izindleko ezihlelwayo," ngaphansi kwemingcele, ukuze asize abameleli bawo okhethweni oluvamile. Amakomiti eqembu lesizwe angase enze "izindleko ezizimele" zokusekela noma ukuphikisa abameleli bakahulumeni. Lendlela ehlukahlukene ivumela amaqembu ukuba asekele abazakwabo ngeminikelo eqondile, ngemisebenzi yemikhankambiso, nangokuzisebenzela ngokwawo.

Ukuzithwalisa

Enye yezindlela ezivelele kakhulu ezihlukene nemingcele yomnikelo ihilela abazoyisebenzisa imali yabo siqu. Abathathi-mkhakha bangasebenzisa imali yabo siqu emkhankasweni wabo ngaphandle kwemingcele. Kodwa kumelwe babike isilinganiso esichithwa yi-FEC. Lelikhono lokuzijabulisa elingenamkhawulo liye lasiza abantu abacebile ukuba balwe nemikhankaso yokuncintisana ngaphandle kokudinga ukwakha iziphana ezinkulu.

Ikhono lokuzijabulisa lidala kokubili amathuba nezinkathazo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, livumela abantu bangaphandle bezombangazwe ngaphandle kokusungulwa ukuba bancintisane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuphakamisa imibuzo yokuthi ingcebo inganikeza inzuzo enkulu yini ekufuneni ihhovisi lomphakathi. Abanye abazofuna imali baye bachitha amashumi noma ngisho amakhulu ezigidi zamaRandi abo emikhankasweni, ngokuyisisekelo beguqula indawo yokuncintisana.

Nakuba abazobhapathizwa bengasebenzisa imali yabo siqu engenamkhawulo, incazelo "imali yomuntu siqu" inezilinganiso ezingokomthetho ezikhethekile. Ngokuvamile, ihlanganisa impahla ozocela ukukhokhelwa okungokomthetho nokulawulwa yiyo, kanye neholo elivela emsebenzini neminye imithombo. Nokho, abazofuna ukubhalisa abazungazweyo abanakumane baboleke imali engenamkhawulo besebenzisa umkhankaso wabo njengomthetho wokuvikela.

Imithetho Engokomthetho Nemigoqo Yomnikelo

Umthetho wezezimali we - United States umelela isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi semithetho, imithetho, nezinqumo zasenkantolo eziye zavela isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka. Lemithetho izama ukulinganisela izithakazelo ezincintisanayo: ukuvikela ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile nokuhlanganyela kwezombangazwe kuyilapho ivimbela ukonakala nethonya elingadingekile.

Umkhankaso Wokwahlulela Kahulumeni Nokuziphendukela Kwawo Imvelo

Umthetho wezezimali wokuqala kahulumeni, i-Tillman Act, wamiswa ngo-19907. Wanqabela amabhange nezinhlangano eziqashwe ngokwesizwe ukuba zenze iminikelo kahulumeni. Lomthetho ophawulayo wamisa isimiso sokuthi izinhlangano ezithile kufanele zivinjelwe ekuthonyeni ngokuqondile okhethweni lukahulumeni ngezindawo zazo zokukhokha.

Imingcele yokunikela nokuchitha imikhankaso kahulumeni yamiswa ngokumiswa koMthetho we-Federal Ecommunity Act ka-1971. Lomthetho obanzi wasungula uhlelo lwanamuhla lwezimiso zezezimali zomkhankaso, ukumisa imingcele yomnikelo, ukuchitha imingcele, nokuveza izimfuneko. Nokho, umthetho uye washintshwa ngokuphawulekayo ngokulungisa okulandelayo nezinqumo zenkantolo.

NgoJanuary 30, 1976, iNkantolo Ephakeme yaseUnited States yanquma eBuckley kanye naseValeo ukuthi umkhankaso wezombangazwe ochithwayo wemithetho yeSichibiyelo Sokuqala soMthetho - sisekelo waseUnited States. Lesi sinqumo esiklanywe ngokuyisisekelo sawuhlukanisa phakathi kweminikelo nezindleko. INkantolo yasekela imingcele yeminikelo kwabazocela ukukhohliswa njengendlela yokuvimbela inkohlakalo, kodwa yabeka imingcele emalini yokuzibusa njengesephula umthetho wenkululeko yokukhuluma.

Imingcele Yamanje Yengxenye

Imingcele yomnikelo womphakathi iyalungiswa njalo ngemva kweminyaka emibili ukuze kukhishwe ukwehla kwamandla emali. Ngo-January 30, 2025, i-Federal Ecount Commission (FEC) ikhulula isilinganiso esisha, esihlelelwe ukunyuka kwamandla emali emjikelezweni wokhetho wama 2025-2026. Lokhu kulungisa kwasikhathi sonke kuqinisekisa ukuthi imingcele yomnikelo ilondoloza inani langempela.

Lemingcele yamanje yakha isimiso esineziqephu esisekelwe ohlotsheni lomuntu onikeleyo nowamukelayo:

• Abantu ngabanye banganikela ngamaRandi angu - 12 500 okhethweni kuhulumeni
• Abantu ngabanye banganikela amaRandi angu - 1 800 ngonyaka kuma - PAC angokwesiko
• Abantu ngabanye banganikela ngamaRandi angu - 124 300 ngonyaka emakomitini eqembu lesizwe
• Ama - PAC anezigaba eziningi anganikela amaRandi angu - 350 ngokhetho kuhulumeni
• Amakomiti eqembu lesizwe anganikela ngesilinganiso esilinganiselwe kwabazobhapathizwa kokubili ngeminikelo eqondile nangezindleko ezihlelekile

Kulandela isinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme ngo-2014 kuMcCutcheon v. FEC, akusekho isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokuthi umuntu anganika bonke abazobhapathizwa, ama-PAC namakomiti eqembu ndawonye. Ngaphambi kokuba lesi sinqumo, abantu ngabanye babhekene nemingcele eqinile kanye nesehlo seminikelo yezombangazwe ephelele. Ukukhishwa kwemingcele ye-aggread kuvumela abanikeli abacebile ukuba banikele inani elikhulu kakhulu lamanani abazohlolwa kanye namakomiti.

Imithombo Yeminikelo Egunyaziwe

Umthetho kazwelonke awuvumeli izinkampani nezinyunyana zezisebenzi ukuba zinikele ngemali ngokuqondile kwabazohlolwa ("imali enzima") noma amakomiti eqembu lesizwe. Lokhu kwenqatshelwa, okusekelwe e-Tillman Act ka 1907 futhi kuqiniswe umthetho olandelayo, kubonisa ukukhathazeka ngethonya elonakalisayo lamandla ezomnotho agxile.

Amazwe akwamanye amazwe futhi anqatshelwe ukwenza iminikelo noma iminikelo ngokuphathelene nokhetho lukahulumeni, umbuso, noma lwezwe. Lokhu kwenqatshelwa kubhekiselwa kohulumeni bakwamanye amazwe, amaqembu ezombangazwe, izinhlangano zakwamanye amazwe, nabantu bakwamanye amazwe abangakho izakhamuzi ezihlala njalo ezisemthethweni e-United States. Lemingcele ihlose ukuvimbela ukugxambukela kwamanye amazwe okhetho lwaseMelika.

Amafektha awenqatshelwa ukunikela kuhulumeni ozothatha izivumelwano namakomiti. Lemithetho ivimbela ukubonakala noma isimo sangempela sezinhlelo ezikhokhelwayo lapho izivumelwano zikahulumeni zingaklonyelwa khona ngokusekelwe ezibonelweni zezombangazwe kunokuba zifaneleke.

Izimfuneko Zomchamo Nezokubonisana

Uma kukhulunywa kabanzi, imikhankaso kumelwe ibike yonke iminikelo kulomkhankaso; ingathola kuphela isilinganiso esilinganiselwe kumuntu ngamunye nenhlangano ngayinye; futhi ingasekelwa ngokungaqondile ngokusebenzisa imali ezimele. Lezimfuneko zokuveza zifeza izinjongo eziningi: bavumela abavoti babone ukuthi ubani osekela izimali, benze ukugcinwa kweminikelo kube nemingcele, futhi benze umlando womphakathi ongavimbela ukonakala.

Umkhankaso wokuxhasa umthetho wezimali ezisezingeni likahulumeni udinga amakomiti acela ukubhaliswa, amakomiti eqembu, namaPACI ukuze abhale phansi imibiko yezikhathi ezithile echaza imali abayiphakamisayo neyisebenzisayo. Ngokwesibonelo, amakomiti afuna ukuvocasha amaPACIC kanye namakomiti eqembu awanika iminikelo, futhi kumelwe anikeze amagama, imisebenzi, abaqashi namakheli abo bonke ababanika ama - dollar angaphezu kuka - R5 000 emjikelezweni wokhetho.

Lemibiko igcinwe ne-Federal Commution Commission futhi yenziwa ukuba itholakalele umphakathi ngezindawo zokuxhumana ze-inthanethi. Izintatheli, abacwaningi, amaqembu okuphatha izigebengu, nezakhamuzi ezivamile zingahlola ukuthi ubani osekela imali nokuthi isetshenziswa kanjani. Lokhu kusebenza njengokuhlolwa kwenkohlakalo futhi kusize abavoti benze izinqumo zolwazi.

Imithetho Yezimali KaHulumeni NeyaseMkhankasweni Wendawo

Iminikelo kwabangayifuni abafuna ukukhokhelwa, njengalabo abafuna umbusi, ummeli jikelele, noma umphathi-maya, ilawulwa imithetho kazwe neyomphakathi. Lemithetho ingahluka kakhulu ngokwezigaba zombuso, ngakho kubalulekile ukuqonda imithetho eqondile esebenza eminikelweni yakho ezindaweni zombuso nasezindaweni.

Ezinye izifundazwe zinemithetho yezezimali evimbela kakhulu nemingcele ephansi yeminikelo nezimfuneko zokudalulwa okukhulu. Ezinye zinemingcele elinganiselwe, zivumela iminikelo engenamkhawulo evela kubantu ngabanye ngisho nasezinhlanganweni. Izifunda ezimbalwa ziye zasebenzisa izimiso zezimali zomphakathi ngokhetho lukahulumeni, zinikeza izimali zikahulumeni ukuze zifanelekele abazovuma ukulinganisela ukuqoqa nokusebenzisa imali.

Intuthuko yamuva yombuso wezinga eliphezulu ibonisa ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okuqhubekele phambili kumthetho wezezimali wezezimali. Ngokwesibonelo, iMassachusetts iye yasebenza kakhulu ekuqiniseni imithetho yayo yezezimali yomkhankaso, i-octivess entsha egxile ezidingweni zokubonana nokudalula imikhankaso yezezimali namakomiti ezombangazwe.

AmaPapic Aphakeme Neziphetho Ezizimele

Ukuvela kwezinhlangano eziphambili ze - PPAC, ezikwazi ukuphakamisa nokuchitha imali engenamkhawulo ukuze zithonye okhethweni, kwashintsha kakhulu lapho kuvela izimali zezimali zomkhankaso, uma nje zingaba nengxenye ngokuqondile kubazohlolwa noma zihambisane nemikhankaso yazo.

Isisekelo Esingokomthetho Seziphakamiso Eziphambili

Iqembu labahluleli abayisishiyagalolunye abahlangene beNkantolo Yokudlulisa Amacala yase-U.S. linqume i-D.C. izifundazwe manje, ezincike kuzakhamuzi ezihlangene ukusekela ukuthi iminikelo ayinakulinganisela izinhlangano ezenza izindleko ezizimele kuphela, okungukuthi, izindleko ezazithi "ezingalawulwa" ngomkhankaso wombhesho-mbhede. Lezi zinqumo zaholela ekunyukeni kwe-"i-PCs" kuphela, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi "Super Pas".

I-Super PACs, ngaphansi kwe-Citizens United and Speich Now, ingaphakamisa imali engenamkhawulo evela kubantu ngabanye nasenkampanini futhi isebenzise leyo mali ekukhangiseni ngezikhangiso zokukhetha, uma nje i-Super PAC ingaxhumani nombhalisa. Loluhlelo olungokomthetho lwakha indlela entsha yokusebenzisa imali yezombangazwe ehambisana neminikelo engokwesiko.

Isinqumo se-Citizens United v. Federal Envotion Commission ngo-2010 sathi uhulumeni akanakulinganisela izindleko zezombangazwe ezizimele zezinhlangano zezisebenzi, nezinye izinkampani. INkantolo yacabanga ukuthi imingcele enjalo iphula isivikelo seSichibiyelo Sokuqala sokukhuluma ngenkululeko. Nakuba kwakudidana, lesi sinqumo saguqula umkhankaso wezezimali.

Indlela Ama - parocco Aphakeme Ngayo

I-construction-exentiture kuphela amakomiti ezombangazwe (ngezinye izikhathi abizwa "i-PCs") angamukela iminikelo engenamkhawulo, kuhlanganise nezinhlangano zezisebenzi. Lelikhono lokwamukela iminikelo engenamkhawulo evela kunoma yimuphi umthombo ngaphandle kwamazwe angaphandle kwenza ama-PCs anamandla kakhulu ukuze asebenzise imali yezombangazwe.

Izikhulu ze-PAC kumelwe zibhalise kuyiFederal Ecomfition Commission futhi zifake amafayili imibiko yembula njalo ukuthi ziziphi iminikelo nezindleko. Nokho, azinamingcele yokuthi zingaphakamisa noma zisebenzise malini, uma nje imisebenzi yazo ihlala izimele emikhankasweni yokufuna ukuthatha isinyathelo.

Imfuneko yokuzimela ibalulekile. Abantu ngabanye, amaqembu ezombangazwe, ama-PAC aphezulu, amabhizinisi, izinyunyana nezinye izinhlangano bangasebenzisa imali engenakulinganiswa ezikhangisweni ezithi ngokukhethekile abazokhetha uma nje behlala bezimele emikhankasweni yezombangazwe (eyenzelwe ukuyisebenzisa ngokuzimele). Uma i-PUC enkulu ihlanganisa imisebenzi yayo nomkhankaso wombhalisa, izindleko zayo zingabhekwa njengeminikelo engaphansi kwemingcele evamile.

Inqubo, umehluko phakathi kokuxhumanisa nokuzimela ungaba yisimanga. I-PAC Ephakeme ngokuvamile ilawulwa izisebenzi zasemkhankasweni noma abangane abaseduze abazohlolwa. Bangase baqashe ochwepheshe abafanayo, basebenzise imiyalezo efanayo, futhi bahlanganyele ngisho nokwaziswa okuwusizo ngezindlela ezikhona obala. i-FEC iye yazama ukuchaza nokuphoqelela imithetho yokubambisana kulendawo ezungezile.

Umphumela Weziphakamiso Eziphakeme Ezikhethweni

Emijahweni yomongameli neyomncintiswano weSigele, imali esetshenziswa kakhulu ingafinyelela amakhulu ezigidi zamaRandi. Lemali esetshenziswayo igxile ekukhangiseni kwethelevishini nakumanani, nakuba amaPucie PaC ebuye aqongelele iposi eliqondile, ukucwaninga ngokuphikiswa, neminye imisebenzi yomkhankaso.

Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi amaPUA SAUTS alulaza imingcele yomnikelo futhi avumele abantu abacebile nezinhlangano ukuba babe nethonya elingalinganiseki okhethweni. Ibhiliyoni elilodwa lamadollar linganikela amashumi ezigidi zamaRandi kulowo othanda i-PAC, ongase aphuce amazwi ezakhamuzi ezivamile. Abasekeli baphikisa ngokuthi iPUCs ivumela abantu ngabanye nezinhlangano ukuba bahlanganyele ngokugcwele engxoxweni yezombangazwe.

Ukukhula kwemali esetshenziswa kakhulu kuye kwaba yingqopha - mlando. Izindleko zezikhulu zezinhlanga zikahulumeni ziye zakhula kusukela ezimalini ezilinganiselwe ngaphambi kuka - 2010 kuya ezinkulungwaneni zezigidi zamaRandi emijikelezweni yokukhetha yamuva nje. Lokhu kuqhuma kwemali esetshenziswa ngaphandle kuye kwashintsha umkhankaso omkhulu, ngezinye izikhathi abazofuna ukuwuqeda bazithole bewusekela noma bephikisa.

Ezinye Izinhlobo Zamaqembu Angaphandle Asebenzisa Imali

Inhlangano engu-527 noma iqembu lama-227 luhlobo lwenhlangano ekhuculula intela yaseMelika ebizwa nge-"Uhlelo 597" lwe-International Revolution Code". Ngokwesayensi, cishe wonke amakomiti ezombangazwe, kuhlanganise nombuso, namakomiti ezwe, nohulumeni, amakomiti ezenzo zezombangazwe ezingokwesiko, "Umpempemper PACs", kanye namaqembu ezombangazwe abizwa ngokuthi "ama-27" kodwa ngokuvamile leli gama lisetshenziswa ezinhlanganweni ezinjalo ezingalawulwa ngaphansi kwemithetho yezentengo yezentengo yezentengiselwano ngenxa yokuthi awameleli "ngokucindezela" ekukhethweni noma ekunqotshweni kweqembu.

Uma isetshenziswa ngaphakathi komthetho, ayikho imingcele ephezulu eminikelweni efinyelela kuma-527 futhi akukho mingcele kulowo ongase anikele. Akukho mingcele ebekelwe lezinhlangano. Nokho, kumelwe zibhalise i-IRS, zembula obala abanikele ngayo nemibiko yezikhathi ezithile yeminikelo nezindleko.

Amaqembu ezenhlalakahle ezenhlalo, alawulwa ngaphansi kwe-From 501(c)(4) yemithetho yentela kazwelonke, achazwa ngokuthi "izinhlangano ze-cvic ezingahlelwanga ngenjongo yenzuzo kodwa ezisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yomphakathi kuphela. Lezinhlangano azidingeki ukudalula abanikeli bazo. Lokhu kungatyhilwa kuye kwenza izimoto eziphikisanayo zemali yezombangazwe, ngokuvamile ezibizwa ngokuthi "imali eyimboni emnyama".

501(c) Izinhlangano zingahlanganyela emsebenzini wezombangazwe uma nje kungeyona injongo yazo eyinhloko. Zingakhipha izikhangiso ezikhuluma ngabazokufaka i-CS, zithelele eSuper PACs, futhi zihlanganyele ekuqoqeni imizamo yokuvota. Ngenxa yokuthi akudingeki ukuba zithulule abanikeli bazo, zinikeza indlela yokuba abantu ngabanye kanye nezinkampani zithonyele okhethweni ngokungaziwa.

Ukukhokha Imali Yomphakathi Ngezinqumo

Nakuba imali eningi esekelwa emikhankasweni ivela emithonjeni yomuntu siqu, izimiso zezimali zomphakathi zikhona kokubili ezilinganisweni zikahulumeni nohulumeni ukuze kunikezwe imali kahulumeni ukuze kufaneleke abazobhapathizwa.

Ukuhloma Kwama - Presidenti

Nakuba imali eningi esetshenzisiwe kuhulumeni isekelwa ngasese (ngezisebenzi ezinkulu ezisebenza ezimbonini ezisezingeni eliphansi), izimali zomphakathi ziyatholakala ukuze kusetshenziswe abazokufanelekela ukuba uMongameli wase-United States phakathi nakho kokubili amaprime kanye nokhetho oluvamile. Izimfuneko zokuthola uhulumeni kumelwe zigcwaliseke ukuze kufanelekele ukuxhaswa imali engaphansi, futhi labo abamukela ukuxhaswa kukahulumeni ngokuvamile bangakwazi ukuchitha imingcele yemali.

Isimiso somphakathi sezimali zomphakathi sasungulwa ngawo - 1970 ukuze kufezwe ihlazo leWatergate.

Nakuba umuntu engase anikele ngesilinganiso esiyinhloko kulowo obhaliswe ngumongameli, u-R250 kuphela womnikelo womuntu ngamunye obalelwa emalini kahulumeni ehambisana naye. Lesi simiso sikhuthaza abathekelisayo ukuba baqoqe imali evela kwabancane ngokunikeza uhulumeni imali elinganayo yokuqala engu-R250 yomnikelo ngamunye.

Umnikelo eqenjini elikhulu (Republican or Democratic) womkhankaso wokhetho wobumongameli awuvunyelwe uma umnyundeli ekhetha ukuthola izimali zokhetho oluvamile. Abasekela izimali zomphakathi ezisekela ukhetho oluvamile bathola isamba semali esigunyazwayo futhi bavuma ukungaphangi noma ukuchitha noma iyiphi enye imali yangasese kumkhankaso.

Nokho, isimiso somphakathi sokuxhasa imali kamongameli siye sangasebenzi kakhulu. Emijikelezweni yamuva nje yokukhetha, abakhokhi abakhulu baye baye bayenqaba ukuxhasa izimali zomphakathi kokubili ezingeni eziqanjweni nakukhetho oluvamile, bakhetha ukuphakamisa imali yabo siqu engenamkhawulo kunokuba bamukele imingcele yokusebenzisa imali yomphakathi. Izinga lemali yezimali zesimiso alizange lihambisane nezindleko zangempela zemikhankaso yabaholi banamuhla, iyenze ingabi yinzuzo kakhulu kubancintisana.

Isimiso Sezwe Nesimiso Somphakathi Sasendaweni

Izifundana namadolobha amaningana ziye zasebenzisa izimiso zazo siqu zezimali zikahulumeni nokhetho lwendawo.

Ukuhlanganisa izimali, ezifana nesimiso esiyinhloko sikamongameli kahulumeni, kunikeza izimali zikahulumeni ezihambelanayo ngeminikelo emincane. Ngokwesibonelo, iDolobha laseNew York linikeza i-8 kuya ku-1 emdlalweni wokuqala kaR250 onikelwe izakhamuzi zedolobha, liguqula umnikelo wamaRandi angu-2050 ube ngu-R22 000 emikhankasweni yemikhankaso yonke.

Izimiso zokukhetha ezihlanzekile zinikeza isamba semali enikezwa abazovuma ukulinganisela ukuqoqwa nokusetshenziswa kwemali. i-Arizona, i-Connecticut, ne-Maine ziye zasebenzisa izinqubo zokukhetha ezihlanzekile emahhovisi kahulumeni. Izikhulu zezwe kumelwe zibonise ukufaneleka ngokuqoqa iminikelo emincane efanelekayo, bese zivuma ukuthi aziyitholi imali eyengeziwe.

Abasekeli baphikisa ngokuthi ukuxhasa ngezimali umphakathi kunciphisa ithonya labanikela ngezimali ezicebile, kuvumela abazonikela ngezimali ukuba bancintisane ngaphandle kwengcebo yomuntu siqu noma ukuxhumana okucebile, futhi kukhulula izikhulu ezikhethwayo ekukhokheleni izikhwama njalo.

Indima Yezigebengu Nezigebengu

Nakuba imingcele yomnikelo ngamunye ilinganisela ukuthi umuntu anganikela kangakanani ngokuqondile kulowo ozobhapathizwa, abathungi banendima ebalulekile emalini yomkhankaso ngokuqoqa iminikelo kubantu abaningi nangokuyithumela ndawonye emikhankasweni.

Ngokuqoqa iminikelo eminingi noma amakhulu abantu abasebenza nabo futhi bayinikeze njengomphako emkhankasweni, abaqoqa imali eningi kakhulu kunaleyo abangayinikela ngomnikelo wabo kuphela.

Inkampane iyazisa kakhulu izinqwaba ngoba zinikeza kokubili imali nobufakazi bokusekela emiphakathini ethile noma ezimbonini ezithile. Umnqwazi ongenisa imali engu - R150 000 ngeminikelo evela kubaphathi bezentengiselwano zezobuchwepheshe ibonisa kokubili izimali nethonya kuleyongxenye. Imikhankaso ivame ukulandelela izimpahla kanye nengqikithi yazo, ngezinye izikhathi idala izinhlelo zokuqashelwa noma amathuba okuthola imali ephakeme.

Umthetho we-Federal udinga imikhankaso kamongameli nomholi i-PAC ukuze kuvezwe ukwaziswa mayelana nabangenisi abaqoqe iminikelo eqoqiwe. Uma umshicileli kahulumeni obhaliwe efaka izinyathela ezingaphezu kwenani elithile leminikelo, lo mkhankaso kumelwe ubike ukuthi ungubani umsekeli wesimo nengqikithi yemali ehlanganisiwe. Lemfuneko yokuthola inhloso ihloselwe ukwandisa ithonya elisobala labangenisi emikhankasweni.

Nokho, abathuthi abaningi ababhaliswanga futhi ngakho abavuli izimfuneko zokudalula. Abantu abacebile, izikhulu zenkampani, nabanye abaqoqa iminikelo bavame ukungabonakali emarekhodini emali yomkhankaso womphakathi, ngisho noma bengase babe nethonya elikhulu emikhankasweni nakubantu abazothatha igalelo.

Umkhankaso Wokusebenzisa Imali Nendlela Esetshenziswa Ngayo Imali

Ukuqonda izimali zomkhankaso akudingi nje ukubheka lapho imali ivela khona, kodwa nendlela imikhankaso eyisebenzisa ngayo.

Ukukhangisa Nemithombo Yezindaba

Izindleko ezinkulu kakhulu emikhankasweni eminingi ukukhangisa, ikakhulukazi ukukhangisa ngethelevishini ngemincintiswano. Ukukhangisa okukodwa kwethelevishini okumenyezelwa phakathi nesikhathi esiphambili emakethe yezindaba enkulu kungabiza amashumi ezinkulungwane zamaRandi.

Ukukhangisa ngamanani kuye kwaba okubaluleke kakhulu, lapho imikhankaso ichitha imali eningi ezikhangisweni zezokuxhumana, ekufuneni izikhangiso zezokuxhumana, nasekukhangiseni. Ukukhangisa ngamanani kunikeza izinzuzo kunezikhangiso ezingokwesiko, kuhlanganise nokuzifunela izithakazelo eziqondile, ukulungisa isikhathi sangempela, nokulungisa imishini yezokusebenza.

Izikhangiso zikanomathotholo, iposi, nokukhangisa ngaphandle (izindonga, izimpawu zegceke) nakho kusebenzisa imithombo yomkhankaso ephawulekayo.

Abaqashi Nabahloli

Imikhankaso yokukhankasela iqasha amalungu amaningi noma ngisho amakhulu ezisebenzi, kuhlanganise nabaphathi bemikhankaso, abahleli bensimu, abaqondisi bezokuxhumana, abaqoqi bezimali, nezisebenzi zokuqondisa.

Ochwepheshe abaphezulu bezombangazwe bakhokhela izindleko ezinkulu, futhi ubuchwepheshe babo bungaphumelela kakhulu. Imboni yokuhlola iye yaba isici esiyinhloko sesayensi yezezimali engokwesayensi, imithombo yezindaba, amasu emishini, ukucwaninga ngokuphikiswa kwezobuchwepheshe, nokwenza ucwaningo lwezezombangazwe.

Ukuxhumana Nemisebenzi Yasensimini Nezingosi Zokuxhumana

Izinhlangano zitshala imali eningi kakhulu emikhankasweni yezebhizinisi eklanyelwe ukuhlukanisa abasekeli, ukunxenxa abavoti abangahloniphi, futhi ziqinisekisa abasekeli ukuba bavote. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izindleko zendawo yehhovisi, amabhange ocingo, izisethi zomvoti, izinto zokuvota, nezisebenzi zasemasimini.

Imikhankaso yanamuhla ixhomeke ekwazini okuyinkimbinkimbi ukuze ibambe imizamo yabo yokuthola imvume. Bathenga noma baqashe amafayela abavoti aqukethe ukwaziswa okuphathelene nabavoti ababhalisiwe, bese bethuthukisa lo kwaziswa ngokwaziswa kwabathengi, imiphumela yokuhlola, nokufakelwa kwemishini. Le mishini idinga ukutshala imali ephawulekayo kodwa ivumela imikhankaso yokusebenzisa ingcebo yabo ngokushelela.

Izenzakalo Nokuhamba

Izenzakalo zomkhankaso, kusukela emaphathini amancane endlu kuya emibuthanweni emikhulu, izimiso zomsindo, ukumisa, ukumisa, ukuphepha, ukuphepha, nokunye okungokomthetho kudinga ukumiswa kwezindawo zokuhamba.

Izenzakalo zokukhokhela imali zimelela isigaba esikhethekile, njengoba zingenisa inzuzo ngesikhathi zingenisa izindleko. Amasheya aphakeme ezinkanyezi axhasa intela ezindaweni zokudlela noma emakhaya abantu, izilinganiso ezinkulu zokuqoqa ukudla kwakusihlwa, kanye nemikhankaso yokuqoqa imali kulayini, konke kudinga ukutshala imali elungiselelweni, ukubulala, nokulandela.

Ukubambisana Nomthetho

Izinhlangano kumelwe zifake imali ehambisana nemithetho yezimali yomkhankaso, kuhlanganise nabaqashi bezimali, abalondolozi bezimiso ezifanele zokubhalisa nokubhala imibiko edingekayo.

Ithonya Lemali Kwezombangazwe

Indima yemali okhethweni iphakamisa imibuzo ebalulekile mayelana nentando yeningi, ukumelela, nokulingana kwezombangazwe. Ingabe imali ithenga okhetho? Ingabe abanikela ngeminikelo abacebile banethonya elingenakulinganiswa ezimisweni?

Ingabe Imali Inquma Izinzuzo Zokukhetha?

Ubuhlobo phakathi kokusetshenziswa komkhankaso nempumelelo yokukhetha buyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokujwayelekile, ozofuna ukuchitha imali eningi uwina kaningi kakhulu kunobukho, kodwa lesi sivumelwano asibonisi ukuthi sihambisana. Abazohlolwa kahle bangathola ezinye izinzuzo, njengokuqamba, ukuqashelwa, noma izimo zezombangazwe ezivumayo, ezibasiza ukuba bazuze imali futhi bawine kukhetho.

Imali ibonakala ibaluleke kakhulu ekunikezeni izinga eliphansi lokuncintisana. Abakhokhi badinga imithombo eyanele yokudlulisela isigijimi sabo kubavoti, futhi labo abaphasa kakhulu ngokuvamile bazama ukuncintisana. Nokho, ngalé komnyango othile, imali eyengeziwe ibonisa ukuncipha kwembuyiselo. Umuntu osebenzisa izigidi ezingu-5 zamaRandi angaba nenzuzo enkulu kunomuntu ochitha izigidi ezingu-R2,50,7,7.

Ukuphumelela kwemali esetshenziswayo kuxhomeke ezicini eziningi, kuhlanganise nezinga lecebo lomkhankaso, isimo sezombangazwe, izimfanelo zomuntu siqu, nezenzakalo zangaphandle. Imali ibalulekile kodwa ayinele ukuba iphumelele.

Ithonya Lomnikezi Enqubweni

Ucwaningo lwango-2022 lwathola ukuthi osozigidi basebenzisa ingcebo yabo siqu kanye neyezinhlangano abazilawulayo, "bakhiphe amazwi abavoti abavamile" lokhu kutholakaliswa ngombiko ka-2015 wabacwaningi baseNyakatho ntshonalanga University abathola ukuthi abacwaningi base-U.S. abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane banikela ngemali ezinhlangano zezombangazwe noma abameleli kanye nesithathu sabo ba "babopha" iminikelo evela kwabanye, abaxhasi bezezombangazwe, noma bobabili.

Izikhulu eziqashelwayo zingachitha isikhathi esiphawulekayo ziqoqa futhi zisebenzelana nabanikelayo, okungase kulolonge izinto eziza kuqala nezikahle. Ngokuvamile abanikazi banezinzuzo ezithile eziqondile, futhi iminikelo yabo ingase ishukunyiswe isifiso sokuthonya isimiso kulezozindawo.

Nokho, izinga nenkani yethonya lomnikelo kusaphikiswana. Ucwaningo lusikisela ukuthi abathekelisayo ngokuyinhloko basekela abazovuma imibono yabo kakade, kunokuba bashintshe izikhundla zabo. Ubuhlobo phakathi kweminikelo nezimiso bunzima ukuhlukanisa kwezinye izici, njengemibono, izikhundla ezithandekayo, kanye nezikhundla zeqembu.

Izithiyo Zokuhileleka Kwezombangazwe

Izindleko zemikhankaso zingadala izithiyo zokuhlanganyela kwezombangazwe, kokubili kwabazohlolwa kanye nezakhamuzi ezivamile. Abangase bafune ukuzuza ingcebo yabo siqu noma ukuvunyelwa ukuba banikele ngezicebi bangase bangavunyelwe ukugijima befuna isikhundla. Lokhu kungaphumela echibini elingefani futhi elimelela abazobhapathizwa.

Uma ukhetho lubhekwa njengolunqunywa abacebeyo kunokuba luvote, izakhamuzi zingase zingakuthandi ukubusa ngentando yeningi futhi zingahlanganyeli ekuvoteni noma kwezinye izinhlobo zokuthembisana komphakathi.

Ukuphoqelelwa Nokubuswa

I-Federal Evotion Commission (FEC) iphoqelela ukuba kufakwe umthetho we-Federal Ecomment Act ka- 1971 (FECA). I-FECA ilinganisela ukuthi imali engakanani umuntu ngamunye nezinhlangano zezombangazwe ezingayinika umuntu ozongenela ukungenela isikhundla sikahulumeni. I-FEC iyinhlangano ezimele ephethe umthetho ongokomthetho wokuqondisa nokumisa umthetho wezezimali kahulumeni.

IKhomishane Yokukhetha Yama - compatel

I-FEC inezikhulu eziyisithupha ezimiswe uMongameli futhi eziqinisekiswa iSigele, ezinezikhomishane ezintathu ezivela eqenjini elifanayo lezombangazwe. Lesi sakhiwo se-bipartis sihloselwe ukuqinisekisa ubulungisa kodwa futhi siye saholela ekuboshweni kwemithetho eqinile, njengoba izenzo ezinkulu zokuphoqelela zidinga amavoti amane.

Imithwalo yemfanelo ye-FEC ihlanganisa ukunikeza imithetho yomkhankaso wezezimali, ukunikeza isiqondiso emikhankasweni yezezimali, ukubukeza imibiko yembubhiso, nokuhlola ukuphulwa kwemithetho. Ngokwe-Federal Evolution Commission (FEC), ukuphulwa okukhulu kwe-Federal Econstruction Campaigment Act (FECA) kuphumela ekujezisweni kwemithetho yezezimali, kodwa ukuphula ngamabomu amalungiselelo athile e-FECA kungaholela ekuboshweni. I-FEC inegunya lomthetho womphakathi elikhethekile futhi ingabhekisela ekuphathweni ngecala kwezephula umthetho e-U.S.

I - FEC ilondoloza ingosi yomphakathi yokwaziswa okuphathelene nezimali, ivumela izakhamuzi, izintatheli nabacwaningi ukuba bahlole ukuthi ubani osekela imali nokuthi isetshenziswa kanjani.

Izinselele Eziphoqelelwayo

I-FEC iye yagxekwa ngokugcinwa kwemithetho yezezimali engekho kahle. Le khomishane iye yafakelwa imithetho evimbela abashokobezi, ingakwazi ukufinyelela amavoti amane adingekayo ukuze iphishekele uphenyo noma ikhiphe izijeziso. Izincwadi zekhomishane ngezinye izikhathi ziye zayishiya ingenayo imvume yokusebenza, ivimbela ukuba iqhube ibhizinisi elingokomthetho.

Imithetho yezezimali eyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokusungulwa kwezinhlangano zezombangazwe ekutholeni izaba ezibangela izinselele eziqhubekayo. Izindlela ezintsha zokusebenzisa imali nenhlangano yezombangazwe zilokhu zivivinya imingcele yemithetho ekhona. I - FEC kumelwe ilinganisele ukugcinwa komthetho ngokuhlonipha amalungelo eSichibiyelo Sokuqala nokulinganiselwa okusebenzayo kwemithombo yayo negunya.

Ukuphoqelelwa Kukahulumeni

Imithetho yezimali yoMbuso iphoqelelwa yizinhlangano zikahulumeni ezihlukahlukene, ngokuvamile ezibizwa ngokuthi amakhomishane ezimiso zokukhokha, amabhodi ezezimali, noma ukuhlukaniswa kokhetho.

Izenzakalo zamuva zezwe ezisezingeni eliphezulu zibonisa ukuqashelwa komthetho nokukhanya. Amazwe agxila kakhulu ezidingweni zokudalula, ikakhulukazi emikhankasweni yokuzimela yezindleko kanye nemikhankaso yokuthola isilinganiso, ukuqinisekisa abavoti ukuba bakwazi ukuthola ukwaziswa ngokuthi ubani oxhasa umsebenzi wezombangazwe.

Izinguquko Nempikiswano Eqhubekayo

Izimali zempi zisengomunye wezindaba eziphikisana kakhulu kwezombangazwe zaseMelika, nezimpikiswano eziqhubekayo mayelana nendlela yokulinganisela inkulumo ekhululekile, ukulingana kwezombangazwe, nokuvimbela ukonakala.

Izinguquko Ezisikiselwayo

Various reform proposals have been advanced to address concerns about money in politics. These include:

• [ Imingcele yomnikelo we-lambu: Ukunciphisa isilinganiso somuntu ngamunye nezinhlangano zinganikela emikhankasweni nasekomitini
• Ukwambulwa okungaqondakali: Ukwambulwa okubanzi nokufike ngesikhathi kwemali esetshenziswayo yezombangazwe, kuhlanganise nePucs kanye namaqembu emali amnyama
• Ukwanda kwezimali ezingokwezimali: Ukwakha noma ukwandisa izimiso zezimali zomphakathi ukuze kuncishiswe ukuthembela kwabathekelisi bomuntu siqu
• Inguquko ye-Constigal: Ivumela umthetho-sisekelo ukuba uvumele umthetho owengeziwe wokusebenzisa nokugumbuqela izinqumo ezinjengezakhamuzi i-United
• Imfakela encane efana: Ukunikeza uhulumeni izimali ezihambelanayo zeminikelo emincane ukuze kwandiswe amazwi ezakhamuzi ezivamile
• [ Imfihlo yokusebenzisa imali engokombangazwe: Izinhlangano ezifuna ukuveza ukusetshenziswa kwazo kwezombangazwe ukuze zinike ababambi

Lezi zinqubo zenguquko zihlanganisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kokubili ukuxhaswa nokusetshenziswa kwemali ngemikhankaso yezombangazwe, ukubeka imingcele enengqondo kuleyomibuso exhasayo nekhuthazayo kanye nezindawo ukuze kwamukele ukuxhaswa kwezimali kokhetho emphakathini. iCLC isiza ekumiseni izimiso ezinjalo kuhulumeni, emazingeni endawo nawamazwe, futhi isebenzela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iFederal Evolution Commission imisa imithetho yamanje yezimali.

Izimpikiswano Zenguquko Nokumelana Nazo

Abasekeli bemithetho eqinile yezezimali ewumthetho wezezimali baphikisa ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa ngokungenamingcele kwabantu abacebile nezinkampani bonakalisa intando yeningi, kufiphaza amazwi ezakhamuzi ezivamile, futhi kwakha isimiso lapho izikhulu ezikhethiwe zisabela khona kakhulu kubanikeli kunabo abavotayo.

Abamelene nemithetho eqinile baphikisa ngokuthi umkhankaso wokusebenzisa imali uwuhlobo lwenkulumo yezombangazwe evikelwe yiSichibiyelo Sokuqala, nokuthi imingcele yokusebenzisa imali elinganiselwe ekunciphiseni ikhono lezakhamuzi lokuhlanganyela empikiswaneni yezombangazwe. Baphikisa ngokuthi izimfuneko zokuveza umbono wanele, futhi imizamo yokulinganisela ukusetshenziswa kwemali ayivumelani nemithetho futhi ayisebenzi, njengoba imali iyothola izindlela zokuthola izindlela zokumelana nemingcele.

Lempikiswano ibonisa ukungezwani okuyisisekelo emfundisweni yentando yeningi phakathi kwenkululeko nokulingana, phakathi kokuvikela amalungelo abantu nokuqinisekisa ukuzikhethela kwabantu abahlukene. Abantu abahlukene bawacabangela ngokungafani lazindinganiso, okuholela ekungavumelani okuqhubekayo ngendima efanele yemali kwezombangazwe.

Imibono Yomhlaba Wonke Ngezimali Zomkhankaso

Ukuhlola indlela amanye amazwe alawula ngayo izimali zomkhankaso kunikeza umongo owusizo nezibonelo ezingase zishintshwe.

Ngokwesibonelo, i - United Kingdom ilinganisela ukuthi abazobhapathizwa nabazohlanganyela kuyo bangasebenzisa malini phakathi nezikhathi zomkhankaso. ECanada bachitha imingcele yabo bobabili abazobhapathizwa kanye namaqembu, kanye nemingcele yeminikelo nezimali zomphakathi.

Amanye amazwe avinjelwa noma avinjelwe kakhulu ukukhangisa kwezombangazwe okukhokhelwayo kuthelevishini nasemsakazweni, esikhundleni sokunikeza amadili nabazobhapathizwa isikhathi somoya sokukhululeka.

Izimali zomphakathi zivame kakhulu futhi ziphana kakhulu kwezinye imibuso eminingi ebusa ngentando yeningi. Amazwe anjengeJalimane neSweden anikeza izimali ezinkulu emphakathini emaqenjini ezombangazwe ngokusekelwe ekukhetheni kwawo, ukunciphisa ukuthembela kwamaqembu kubantu abanikelayo ngabanye.

Lezi zibonelo zomhlaba wonke zibonisa ukuthi izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuthuthukisa izimali zezezimali zingenzeka nokuthi isimiso saseMelika simelela ukukhetha okukhethekile kokulinganisela izindinganiso ezincintisanayo.

Isiqondiso Esiwusizo Ezakhamuzini

Ukuqonda izimali zemali zomkhankaso kunika izakhamuzi amandla okuhlanganyela ngokuphumelelayo nenqubo yezombangazwe, kungaba njengabavoti, abanikeleyo, noma abameleli benguquko.

Ukucwaninga Ukwaziswa Kwemali Ngomkhankaso

Izakhamuzi zingathola ukwaziswa okuningiliziwe ngezimali zomkhankaso ngemithombo eminingana. I-Federal Evotion Commission ilondoloza i-memodari ephenywayo e FEC.gov lapho abasebenzisi bangabheka khona iminikelo futhi bayisebenzise abazokucela, amaqembu, namakomiti. Ingosi ivumela ukuseshwa kombhalisa, umnikeli, ikomiti, noma indawo yendawo.

Izinhlangano ezinjenge-Opensecrets.org (zilawulwa yiCentre for Responsive Politics) zihlela futhi zihlaziye imininingwane yezezimali, zenza kube lula ukuqonda izindlela zokupha nokusebenzisa imali. Lezi zindawo zinikeza izimpawu zobungane nokuhlolwa okungasiza izakhamuzi ukuba ziqonde ukuthi ubani omikhankaso yezimali nokuthi iziphi izithakazelo ezingamelelwa.

Ukhetho lwezwe nelwendawo, izifundazwe eziningi zigcina imithombo yezezimali ngamahhovisi okhetho noma ngezimiso. Izinga nokutholakala kwalezi zingosi zezincwadi kuyahlukahluka, kodwa manje izifundazwe eziningi zinikeza imibiko yezimali kuyi - Internet.

Ukwenza Izinqumo Ezinolwazi Njengesibhakabhi

Ukwaziswa kwezimali kungazisa izinqumo zokuvota ngezindlela eziningi. Ukuhlola ukuthi ubani ozocela ukubhapathizwa kunganikeza ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izithakazelo ezingase zimelelwe naziphi izimiso ezingazisekela. Umhlohli oxhaswe kakhulu yimboni ethile angase axhase kakhulu ukusekela lokho okuthandwa yileyo nqubo yemboni.

Nokho, ukwaziswa kwezezimali zomkhankaso kufanele kuhlolwe kanye nezinye izici, kuhlanganise nezikhundla ezishiwoyo zabavoti, amarekhodi, izimfanelo, nobuntu. Imithombo exhasayo iyingxenye yokwaziswa phakathi kwabantu abaningi abavotayo okufanele bakucabangele.

Ukuhlanganyela Njengomnikazi

Izakhamuzi ezikhetha ukunikela emikhankasweni kufanele ziqonde imithetho elawula iminikelo. Iminikelo kumelwe ithathwe ngemali yomuntu siqu, hhayi ezinkokhelweni zenkampani noma zezinhlangano. Abanikazi kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi bahlala phakathi kweminikelo futhi banikeze ukwaziswa okuqondile lapho benza iminikelo.

Abanikeli abancane bangafeza inzuzo, ikakhulukazi emijahweni yendawo noma ngezinhlelo ezincane ezihambelanayo. Ngisho neminikelo elinganiselwe, uma idluliswa phakathi kwabanikeli abaningi, inganikeza imithombo emikhulu emikhankasweni. Imikhankaso eminingi manje yenza kube lula ukunikela ngenani elincane le-inthanethi, elinciphisa imingcele ukuze uhlanganyele.

Ukusekela Inguquko

Izakhamuzi ezikhathazekile ngendima yemali kwezombangazwe zingasekela izinguquko ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nokusekela abazofaka kuqala umkhankaso wezezimali, ukuxhumana nezikhulu ezikhethiwe ukuze ziveze imibono kule ndaba, nokusekela izinhlangano ezisebenzela izinguquko.

Izinhlangano eziningana zigxile ekushintsheni kwezezimali, kuhlanganise Campaign Legional Center, Imbangela evamile, iSintu somphakathi, ne-Isease One. Lamaqembu acwaninga, asekela izinguquko zezimiso, futhi asekela ukugcinwa nokuqinisa imithetho yezezimali.

Esifundazweni nasendaweni, izakhamuzi zingasekela izinyathelo zokusungula ukuguqula izimali zezezimali, eziye zadlula ngezindawo eziningi. Izintambo zokudla ziye zaphumelela ekuthuthukiseni izinguquko kuhlanganise nemingcele yeminikelo, izimfuneko zokudalula, kanye nezimiso zezezimali zomphakathi.

Isiphetho

Izimali zenkampane zimelela esinye sezici eziyinkimbinkimbi neziwumphumela wentando yeningi yanamuhla. Indlela imikhankaso exhaswe ngayo ithinta ongaba nesikhundla, imibiko efinyelela kubavoti, futhi ekugcineni, abalawulayo naziphi izinqubo ezisungulwayo. Ukuqonda imithombo yezimali zomkhankaso, izisekelo ezingokomthetho ezilawula iminikelo nemali, nabadlali abahlukahlukene abahilelekile ekukhetheni ngezimali kubalulekile ukuze babe nezakhamuzi ezinolwazi.

Isimiso samanje siveza ukukhetha okukhethekile kokulinganisela izindinganiso ezincintisanayo: inkululeko yokukhuluma nokuhlanganyela kwezombangazwe, ukuvimbela ukonakala nokulingana kwezombangazwe. Lokhu kukhetha kufakwa emikhawulweni yomnikelo, izimfuneko zokudalula, izinhlelo zezimali zomphakathi, nezinqumo zenkantolo ezichaza isivikelo somthetho-mthetho semali.

Ingabe kufanele kube nemingcele yokuthi zingaba malini izigaba zabantu nezinhlangano ezingasebenzisa ekuthonyeni okhethweni?

Njengezakhamuzi, singahlanganyela kulemibuzo ngokuzifundisa ngezimali zomkhankaso, sisebenzise ukwaziswa okukhona ukuze senze izinqumo zokuvota ngolwazi, sihlanganyele enqubweni yezombangazwe njengabanikeli noma izisebenzi zokuzithandela uma sikhetha, futhi sisekela izinguquko esikholelwa ukuthi zingathuthukisa isimiso. Indima yemali kwezombangazwe iyoqhubeka ishintsha, iklanywe yintuthuko engokomthetho, izinguquko zezobuchwepheshe, nokusekela kwezezesayensi. Ngokuqonda indlela imikhankaso exhaswa ngayo, singahlanganyela kangcono ekulolongeni ukuthi ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kuse esimisweni sezombangazwe esinentando yeningi nemelelayo.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngemithetho yezezimali kahulumeni kanye nokuthola ukwaziswa kwezezimali zomkhankaso, vakashela i-website ye- ye-FUMFURAL COUMENT [. Ukulandelela imali kwezombangazwe nokuhlaziya izindlela zezimali zomkhankaso, ukuhlola imithombo yemali e e-Openserets. org[.