Ukuqonda Izinhlansi Ezimpoqo: Lokho Wonke Umthambo Okufanele Ukwazi

Ukuhlola okucindezelayo kuye kwaba isici esiphindaphindwayo semikhankaso yanamuhla yezombangazwe, kodwa abavoti abaningi abaqapheli indlela lamathuluzi akhiwe ngokucophelela asebenza ngayo. Ngokungafani nokuhlolwa kombono womphakathi wangempela oklanyelwe ukulinganisela lokho abantu abakucabangayo, ukusunduza ukuphenya kufeza injongo ehlukile kakhulu: bazama ukuthatha shape lokho abantu abakucabangayo. Ukuqaphela umehluko phakathi kwenhlolo olungokomthetho kanye nophendlo oluphoqelelwe kuyikhono elibalulekile kunoma ubani ofuna ukwenza izinqumo zolwazi ebhokisini lokuhlola.

Inhlolo - vo ephoqelelwe yisu lokukhangisa kwezombangazwe elifihlekile njengenhlolo - vo yokucwaninga. Phakathi nocingo lokuhlola oluphoqelelwe, umvoti uzwa uchungechunge lwemibuzo equkethe ulimi olulayishiwe, ukwaziswa okukhethayo, noma ukuhlanekezelwa okuqondile ngomhlohli noma impikiswano. Imibuzo ayiklanyelwe ukuqoqa ukwaziswa kodwa ukugxilisa izinxulumani ezingezinhle kuvota u &squo; ingqondo. INhlangano yaseMelika ye-Purial Vinion Research (AAPOR) ihlukanisa phakathi kokuhlola okusemthethweni nokuphoqa izicelo, iphawula lokho okuphoqa i-sspool i- “ digical kwaye akufanele idiscial.” Undertive lo mehluko yisisekelo wokuhlola.

Ukuhlola kokusunduza kuvame ukufakwa phakathi nezinhlanga eziyinhloko ezincintisanayo noma okhethweni oluqinile. Bangahlasela amaqembu athile abantu abakhona ngokunokwenzeka ukuba avote okhethweni oluyinhloko noma olujikijelwayo okhethweni oluvamile. Ngoba basebenza endaweni empunga engokomthetho ezindaweni eziningi ezi-— ngokuvamile abafuni ama-diladimer afanayo njengezikhangiso zomkhankaso i-— bangaphumelela kakhulu ekusakazeni udaba olungakhonzi ukuvota okuvamile ngaphandle kokubangela inselele isivikelo esivamile esisekelwe kuso. Inselele ukuthi inselele ekuvoti izicelo ngokuvamile impoqo ephothe imisindo ecucuthe futhi igunyaziwe, ilingisa iphimbo yokucwaninga okusemthethweni.

Indlela Izintuthwane Ezicindezelayo Ezihluke Ngayo Ezinhlamvwini Ezishaya Indiva

Akuyona yonke imicikilisho yocingo noma i-ingosi yocingo ohlangana nayo phakathi nenkathi yokukhetha okunzima ukuyenza. Izinhlangano zokuhlola ezigunyaza umthetho, njengePew Research Center, Gallup, noma imisebenzi yokuhlola esekelwe eyunivesithi, zilandela izindinganiso eziqinile zendlela yokusebenza. Zidweba amasampula angenamkhethelo, zisebenzise amagama okungathathi hlangothi, futhi zibike ngokusobala. Ukuhlola kokuphoqelela, ngokuphambene, ukusebenza ngaphandle kokusebenzisa inqubo enzima. Zivame ukuthembela ekufuneni izinombolo ezihlolelwe futhi zibuze imibuzo enokwaziswa okungaqondile noma okuholayo.

Umehluko wesihluku phakathi kwenhlolo ezingokomthetho nokucindezela uhlanganisa:

  • Ukukhetha okungakhonjwa: Ukuhlola okungahleliwe kusebenzisa izimpawu ezingaqondakali ukuze kumelelwe inani labantu abachaziwe. Ukuvota kokucindezela ngokuvamile kuhlasela izinhlu ezithile zomvoti noma abasekeli abaziwayo bomphikisi.
  • Amazwi okuphendula: Ukuhlola okusemthethweni kusebenzisa ulimi olungathathi-hlangothi, olulinganiselayo. Ukuhlola kokuxosha kusebenzisa amagama athathekayo ngokomzwelo njenge “corrupt, ” &lquo; adical, ” or “ or "o-exquo; i-Actrectumst.&quo;
  • Iqoqo: I-Legitimate iqopha futhi ihlaziye izimpendulo. Ukuhlola kokusunduza kungenza kungaqophi izimpendulo ngoba umgomo ukuhambisa umlayezo, hhayi ukuqoqa ukwaziswa.
  • Umehluko: Izimboni ezihloniphekayo zembula indlela yazo yokuhlola, ubukhulu, nobubanzi bephutha. Abasebenzi benhloli ababhulayo abavamile ukunikeza noma yikuphi ukwaziswa okuphathelene nezindlela zokuhlola.
  • I-Length:[ Inhlolo engokomthetho iqukethe imibuzo engu-10-30 nemizuzu engu-10-20. Ukuhlola okusunduzayo kungaba yi-&mdash emfushane kakhulu; ngezinye izikhathi umbuzo owodwa noma emibili i-— ngoba umsebenzisi unesithakazelo sokutshala imbewu yokungabaza kuphela.

Uma imibuzo izwakala sengathi izama ukukuthonya kunokuba ifundwe nguwe, cishe usuke ubheke i - computer ecindezelayo.

Amasu Asetshenziswa Ekubhujisweni Kwezimpova Ezicindezelayo

Izisebenzi zezombangazwe ziye zalungisa izindlela zokuhlola ezigqugquzela amashumi eminyaka. Ukuqonda la maqhinga kusiza abavoti ukuba bazibone ngesikhathi sangempela. Ezinye izindlela ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa:

Imibuzo Eholelayo Ethwele Ulwazi Olubi

Umbuzo wokuhlola ophambili uveza ukugomela okuphambene njengokungathi kuyiqiniso. Ngokwesibonelo: u-“ Ubengakhetha kakhulu noma kancane u-Candidate Smith uma wazi ukuthi uvotelela ukuphakamisa izintela emikhayeni yesigaba esiphakathi kathathu? U-” umbuzo awuqiniseki ukuthi i-Candite Smith ngempela yavota leyo ndlela; umane nje ungenisa ukuvota kwe-provotor ’ ingqondo. Ngisho noma umvoti ethi i “ ngokunokwenzeka, i-” umonakalo wenziwe ngenxa yokuthi inhlangano iye yatshalwa.

Inkululeko Yamanga

Abanye baphoqelela abavoti ukuba bakhethe okungamanga phakathi kwezinketho ezimbili ezingakhangi. Umvoti angase abuze: “ yini ekukhathaza kakhulu: I-Candidate Jones ’ ukuhluleka ukwakha imisebenzi noma izibopho zakhe ezithakazelweni ezikhethekile? ” zombili lezi zinketho zithatha izimfanelo ezimbi ezingase zingabi zeqiniso. Umvoti ukhuthazwa ngokucutha ukuba amukele umbhalo kunokuba awungabaze.

Ukuthonya Nokuthonya

Izinqumo zokuhlola zokusunduza ngezinye izikhathi zisetshenziswa e- “ i - inculate ” abavoti ngokumelene nophikisi u &ssquo; olindele ukuhlasela. Ngokwesibonelo, umkhankaso ungahlola umyalezo ophambene ekuqaleni: “ uma uzwa ukuthi i-Candite Garcia yamukela iminikelo enkampanini engcolisa umfula wendawo, lokho kungakwenza ungakhululeki kakhulu ukuba uyivotele? &ldor; Uma ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi lo myalezo uyasebenza, lomkhankaso ungawusebenzisa ezikhangisweni. Kodwa umvoti othola ipethi yokuhoxa kakade usechayeke ezindaweni zokuhlasela, ngezinye izikhathi emasontweni ngaphambi kokuba izindiza zezindiza zishaye.

Amazwi Ashukumisa Umzwelo

Imibuzo yokuhlola yokubhokoza ihlotshiselwe ngokucophelela ukuvusa izimpendulo ezingokomzwelo. Amagama anjenge-“ &lrdquo; “ i-ngozi, i-” i-“disfonist, i ” i-&lquo; i-un-Melika, i-” noma i-&lquo; i-extremistrist ” ivamile. Lamagama adlula ngokuhlaziya futhi afake ekuhlolweni kwangaphambi kokwesaba noma ukugxeka. Uvoti ozwa amazwi alo ozwayo embuzweni wenhlawulo kufanele asolwe ngokushesha.

Izibalo Ezikhethwayo Noma Ezixakile

Okunye ukuhlola okuphoqelelayo kuhlanganisa izinombolo ezidukisayo noma ezingelona neze iqiniso. Umbuzo ungase uthi: “ bewazi yini ukuthi amaphesenti angu-80 abavoti kulesifunda amelene nokusungulwa kwezindlu ezintsha? ” izibalo zingase zingasekelwe ngokoqobo, kodwa zizibonakalisa zinegunya. Abazwa izinombolo ezinjalo bangase bazifake ngaphakathi.

Okwenza Impova Eshukumisayo Iphumelele Kakhulu

Ukuhlola okubhalwe kahle kusebenzisa ubandlululo oluningana lwengqondo. umphumela weqiniso [ kusho ukuthi ukuchayeka ngokuphindaphindiwe ekutheni, ngisho nakuyinkohliso, kwandisa amathuba okuthi abantu bayokukholelwa. Uma ukuphenya okuphoqelelwe kufaka isisho esiphambene engxoxweni, ukuphindaphindwa kwalokho okushoyo kamuva noma izingxoxo kuqinisa iqiniso lako elicatshangelwayo. Ngisho noma umvoti elahla ukuhlolwa ngokuthi kuphambene, lokho kusuke sekufakwe engqondweni.

ubandlululo lwezimo ezingafani [ lwenza ukwaziswa okuphambene kube okukhumbulekayo nokunethonya kunezinto ezakhayo. Izazi zezombangazwe ziyazi ukuthi abavoti basengozini kakhulu yokushintsha izinhloso zabo zokuvota ezisekelwe ekwazisweni okungakhiyo ngomvoti kunokwaziswa okuqondile. Ukuphenya kuqinisa lokhu bandlululo ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi imiyalezo ephambene ifinyelela ngqo, ngaphandle kwesehluzo senhlangano yezindaba.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlola okusunduzayo kuyazuza ekudidekeni . Abathola ucingo bangase bakhohlwe kamuva lapho bezwa khona okuthile. Bangase bakhumbule ukumangalelwa okuphambene kodwa bakhohlwe ukuthi kwavela ekuhloleni okuphoqelelwe okuhlobene nomkhankaso ophikisayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuzisholo kuba yi- “ into ethile engayizwa endaweni ethile i ” futhi bazuze ukuthenjelwa okungadingekile.

Isiqondiso Ngokulandelana Sezimpondo Zokusakaza Izimpova Zokusunduza

Uhlelo olulandelayo lunikeza indlela ehlelekile ongayisebenzisa noma nini lapho uthola ucingo lokuhlola, umbhalo, noma ukuhlola nge - Internet phakathi nenkathi yokhetho.

Isinyathelo 1: Thola Isigubhu

Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukubuza ukuthi ngubani oqhuba lenhlolo - vo. Abashayeli be-gragite bazoziveza bona kanye nenhlangano yabo exhasayo. Abaqondisi benhhosho bangase bagweme noma bathi baqhuba i- “research ” ngaphandle kokuqamba ikhasi. Uma ucingo lunganikezi impendulo ecacile noma ukunika igama elifiphele njenge “ Citizens yeBeto Engcono, i-” leyo eyifulegi ebomvu. Ungabheka futhi inhlangano kulayini uma ikhona. Amawebhsite amaningi ezombangazwe agcina ama-webhsayithi agcina izinhlelo zokuhlola ezaziwayo.

Isinyathelo Sesibili: Hlola Imibuzo Yokungathathi - hlangothi

Lalela ulimi lwemibuzo ngayinye. Ingabe umbuzo uveza kokubili impikiswano eqondene kahle, noma ingabe usho into ephambene? Imibuzo ye-Neutral isebenzisa ulimi olulinganiselayo. Ngokwesibonelo, umbuzo ongathathi hlangothi ungabuza: “ ungawuthatha kanjani u-Canditete Lee &’ ukwenza okusezinkingeni zezomnotho? ” umbuzo onzima ungabuza: I- “ Ingabe uyakuvumela ukulandisa ngemisebenzi entengayo okuye kwabiza izinkulungwane? &squo; Ukuba khona kwemizwa engokomzwelo nezimpawu zokuhlola okungagunyazi.

Isinyathelo 3: Ukuhlola Ukuthi Izimpendulo Zakho Ziqoshwe Kangakanani

Ukuhlola okubhaliwe ngokucophelela ngenxa yezindaba zokwaziswa. Ekuhloleni okucindezelayo, umbhexeshi angase angayithathi nhlobo impendulo yakho, noma angaceli ukucacisa ngokulandela. Uma oshayele ucingo ebonakala engayinaki impendulo yakho eqondile futhi esheshisela ngokushesha kumbuzo olandelayo, cishe kuyisiphendulo esiphoqelelayo. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukusunduza izingcingo zokuhlola kuyenzeka ngemishini futhi akunikezi ngisho nokunikezangakho ukusabela okunengqondo.

Isinyathelo 4: Qaphela Ukuphindaphinda Nendlela Efanele Yokuphila

Ukuhlola okucindezelayo ngokuvamile kuphinda amazwi aphambene ngezindlela eziningi. Ukuhlasela okufanayo okuyisisekelo kungavela emibuzweni emithathu noma emine ehlukene, ngamunye obekwe ngokwehlukile. Lokhu kuphindaphinda kungamabomu: kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwaziswa okuphambene kuyaqiniswa ngisho noma umvoti enqaba okokuqala. Uma uqaphela ukuthi yonke imibuzo ibuyela emuva esithombeni esifanayo esiphambene, cishe uhlangana nenhlolo yokuhlola ecindezelayo.

Isinyathelo Sesihlanu: Bheka Ukuthi Awefani Namaqiniso Aziwayo

Awudingi ukuba ube uchwepheshe kunoma iziphi izihloko ukuze uhlole lokho okushiwo yi-athonsi. Uma umbuzo uqinisekisa iqiniso lokuthi uphikisana nokwaziswa okubone emithonjeni ethembekile, lokho kuyisibonakaliso esiyisixwayiso. Bheka amaqiniso avezwa njengosobala kodwa abonakala enehaba, ehlelwe ngokukhetha, noma angamanga ngokuphelele. Ukukhetha lokho okuzwayo ngemithombo yezindaba ethenjwayo noma amawebhusayithi angenayo afuna iqiniso anjenge-Politifact noma CNNNN&qusto; Facts Facts Wokuqala.

Isinyathelo 6: Cabangela Isikhathi Nesimo

Inkathi yokuhlola okuphoqelelwe ingaveza injongo yayo. Ukuhlola kokucindezela kuvame kakhulu emasontweni okugcina ngaphambi kokhetho, ikakhulukazi lapho omunye umuntu ezama ukuvala igebe ekuhloleni. Kubonakala futhi phakathi nokhetho oluyinhloko lapho abavoti abaningi abavela emcimbini ofanayo bencintisana nesisekelo esincane sabavoti. Uma uthola ukuhlola okubonakala kunesihluku noma okuphambene kakhulu eMhlabeni wokhetho, yiba nokungabaza.

Isinyathelo Sesi - 7: Thembela Umquba Wakho Nemile

Ekugcineni, akudingeki ukuba uqede ukuhlola okuphoqelelwe. Uma uqaphela izimpawu, unelungelo lokuqeda ucingo noma ukuvala isitebhu lesiyaluzi. Ngokufanelekile uthi “ anginasithakazelo ekuhlanganyeleni kuloluphenyo i ” lwamukeleka ngokuphelele. Ungabuza futhi oshaya ucingo ngokuthulula: “ ingabe lokhu kuyinhlolo yokuhlola ecindezelayo? ” abasebenzisi abaningi baqeqeshelwe ukukuphika, kodwa umbuzo ngokwawo ungafundisa. Ukuvikela ukunaka kwakho siqu namandla engqondo kuyimpendulo esemthethweni.

Izibonelo Zangempela Zezinhlansi Zokubhucunga

Ukuqonda incazelo efiphele yezicelo eziphoqelelwayo kuwusizo, kodwa izibonelo ezicacile zenza lomqondo ucace. kuye kwafakazelwa ngokhetho lwaseMelika ngazo zonke izinga, kusukela emijahweni yesikole yasendaweni kuya emikhankasweni yomongameli.

Phakathi nonyaka ka 2000 weRepublican purezileprial primpmiry, uphenya uJohn McCain eSouth Carolina wabuza abavoti ngobuntu bakhe nempilo yakhe. Omunye umbuzo odume kakhulu wabuza: “ Bekungenzeka yini ukuba uvotele uJohn McCain uma wazi ukuthi unengane emnyama engekho emthethweni? ” Lombuzo wawunecala elingamanga lokuthi uMcCaine wayengazi lutho ngisho nangesikhathi. Le ngxoxo yafaka ihemuhemu elicasulayo ezingqondweni zabavoti, futhi umonakalo owaba umphumela waba nengxenye ekulahlekelweni kukaMclean &squorso.

Ku-2016 i-Democratic primeries, kubikwa ukuthi kwasetshenziswa izinqumo zokuhlola eziphoqelelwe kuBernie Sanders ezifundazweni eziningi. Voters wabika ukuthi wathola izingcingo eziholayo ezibuza imibuzo ephambili ngoSanders ’ unyuswano nomlando wakhe ekulawuleni izibhamu, emenza abonakale njengongakhethwe noma eqinisiwe. Imibuzo yayiklanyelwe ukutshala ukungabaza phakathi kwabavoti abayinhloko beDemocratic abacabangela uSanders.

Kusetshenziswa iziphetho zendawo ezicindezelayo emikhankasweni yesilinganiso noma imijaho yedolobha ephikisanayo. Umthuthukisi ophikisayo woshintsho lwezindawo angafaka impoqo ebuza: “ Uzosekela icebo elizokwandisa ukuminyana kwezimoto futhi lehlise izinga lempahla endaweni yakini? ” Umbuzo uhlanekezela isihlongo futhi ufake isikhala esibi phambi kokuba umphikisi asho ngisho nokusho ukuthi bakhona.

Lezi zibonelo zibonisa indlela engaguquki: ukuphenya okuphoqelelwayo kuncike ezindaweni ezingamanga noma ezidukisayo futhi kuklanyelwe ukuveza ukusabela okungokomzwelo kunokuba kuhlolwe.

Izinsalela Ezisakazwayo Enkathini Yamanani

Nakuba ukuphenya okuphoqelelwe kuye kwenziwa ngocingo ngokomlando, inkathi yokuhlola izinombolo iye yandisa ukufinyelela kwayo.

I-Internet isakaza ukuhlola okuphoqelelweyo nge-operation e-'m'nist' lapho kubonakala sengathi kuyizinhlolo ezisemthethweni noma i- “quizes. ” Osebenzisa i-odo kungathi abone iposi elithi: “ thatha lokhu kuhlola okusheshayo ukuze ubone ukuthi imibono yakho iqhathaniseka kanjani nabanye abavoti esifundeni sakho. & ” Nokho, imibuzo ihlolwa ngokucophelela ukuze ithuthukise umbono ophambene nomfundi othile noma umthetho. Ngokungafani nezingcingo zocingo, lezi zingcingo zemishini ezicindezelayo zingahlanganelwa kabanzi futhi zingafinyelela izinkulungwane zabavoti.

Umyalezo ophoqelela ukuvota uyinto evame kakhulu. Umvoti uthola umbhalo obonakala uvela enhlanganweni ehlolayo ngemibuzo emibili. Umbhalo ungahlanganisa umxhumanisi othatha umenzi we-’ izimpawu, uvumela umkhankaso ukuba ulande imiyalezo elandela leyo mpendulo. Imisebenzi efanayo enzima lapha: hlola umthombo, funa ulimi olulayishiwe, futhi ucabangele isikhathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhankaso emincane ivumela imikhankaso yokuthumela imiyalezo yenhlolo-zincwadi ecindezelayo emaqenjini ahlukahlukene amanani abantu. Umama wasemaphethelweni angathola ukuhlolwa okuphoqelelwa mayelana nemfundo, kuyilapho umhlalaphansi wasemaphandleni esifundeni esifanayo engathola enye mayelana nentela yempahla. Zombili iklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa umbono ophambene ngomfundi oyedwa, kodwa ngamunye uhlotshaniswa nowamukelayo u ’ ngokunokwenzeka ukhathazekile. Lomkhakhakha wokuzime ubangela ukuhlolwa kwezifundo zomuntu siqu kube nzima nakakhulu ukuqaphela ngoba umbuzo ungase uzizwe ubaluleke ngokuqondile kuvotir ’ ukuphila.

Ukubukeka Okungokomthetho Nokuhle

Umthetho wokuhlola okuphoqelelwayo uyahlukahluka ngokwemithetho. E-United States, awukho umthetho kahulumeni ovimbela ngokuqondile ukuhlolwa. Nokho, eminye imibuso iye yamisa imithetho efuna ukuba abashayeli bezicelo bafune ukutshelwa ukuthi bangobani kanye nomkhankaso oxhasa imali. Okunye kudinga ukuba noma yiluphi ucingo oluchazwa njenge- &lquo; Poll ” kumelwe luvumelane nezindinganiso zokucwaninga. I-Enforcement iyaguquguquka, futhi eminingi icindezela ukuhlola okusebenza endaweni empunga esemthethweni kodwa esobala.

INhlangano yaseMelika ye-Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) iye yathatha ukuma okuqinile ekunqandeni ukuhlolwa kwemibuzo okuphoqelelwe, ithi i- “ ayikona ukucwaninga okungokomthetho i-” nokuthi i- “ undermine ithemba lomphakathi ekucwaningeni. i-” AAPOR ilondoloza uhlu lwezenzakalo ezaziwayo eziphoqelela umphakathi ukuba uqaphele ukuthi zikhona. Inhlangano futhi ikhuthaza abavoti ukuba basole ukukhomba izicelo ukuze zibhalwe.

Kukho ukuphenya okubonisa ukuthi kungumzamo wamabomu wokukhohlisa abavoti. Basebenzisa ukuthemba abantu abaningi abakubeka ekuhloleni, besebenzisa lokho kuthemba njengemoto ekukhankasweni okubi. Ngisho noma ukuphoqelela kungokomthetho, kulimaza inqubo yentando yeningi ngokusakaza ukwaziswa okunganembile nangokunciphisa izinga lenkulumo yomphakathi. Abavoter abaqaphela la maqhinga bangasiza ekunqandeni umonakalo ngokubabiza ngokuwakhipha lapho bewabona.

Kubacosheli bezindaba nabahlola amaqiniso, ukulandelela ukuhlolwa kuye kwaba yingxenye ebalulekile yokukhokhwa kokhetho. Uma kubikwa ukuvota okusolayo, izintatheli zingahlola umxhasi, ziqinisekise izicelo, futhi zazise umphakathi. Abashicileli abahlangana nokuhlola okuphoqelelwe banganezela kulomzamo ngokubhala ucingo nokubika kulo mbiko ezinhlanganweni zezindaba zendawo noma ezingezizodwa.

Ukuzihlola Okubucayi Ekuphileni Kwansuku Zonke

Amakhono owakhayo okuhlola ukuphenya okuphoqelelwe adluliselwa kwezinye izindawo eziningi zokusetshenziswa kokwaziswa. Indlela efanayo yokuhlola i — ukuhlola imithombo, ukuhlola ulimi, ukuqhathanisa izinkulumo namaqiniso aziwayo, nokuqaphela ukusetshenziswa kwemizwelo okungalawuleki kwezombangazwe, izikhangiso zezokuxhumana, izihloko zezindaba, ngisho nezingxoxo nabangane namalungu omkhaya.

Okunye okuwusizo ukuhlola izikhangiso zezombangazwe nge - lens egxekayo efanayo obungayifaka ekuhloleni. Zibuze: Ikuphi ukusho okwenziwayo? Ingabe kusekelwa ubufakazi? Ukusabela okungokomzwelo okuzama ukukwenza kusekelwe kuphi? Ubani owasekela ikhangiso, futhi isiphi isithakazelo sabo emphumeleni? Lapho uqhubeka uhlola lokhu kuhlola, kulapho kuba khona okuzenzakalela ngokwengeziwe.

Omunye umkhuba owusizo ukufuna ukwaziswa okuvela [ku- ngokulandelana kwemithombo ezimele ngaphambi kokwakha umbono kombhalisa noma umbango. Uma uzwa ukusho okuphambene ekuhloleni noma ekuhlolweni, funa ukubika ezinhlanganweni zezindaba ezinedumela elihle, abahloli bamaqiniso abangathathi-khadi, namarekhodi asemthethweni. Umthombo owodwa, ikakhulukazi osolekayo, akumelwe neze wanele ukushintsha umbono wakho.

Okokugcina, khuluma ngalamacebo nabanye abavoti, abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi kukhona ukuphoqelela ukuvota, futhi ngisho nalabo abaye bahlangana nabo bangase bangakuqondi lokho ababhekana nakho. Ngokuhlanganyela lokho okwaziyo, ungasiza ekwakheni ivoti enolwazi kakhulu. ubuqili bezombangazwe budlanga buthule futhi bungaqondi; ukukhanya nemfundo kuyizithasi zayo ezingokwemvelo.

Imithombo Yemfundo Eqhubekayo

Abaqondisi abafuna ukujulisa ukuqonda kwabo izinhlelo eziphoqelelwe namanye amasu okusebenzisa izombangazwe atholakala ngemithombo emihle kakhulu.

  • American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) ikhipha izitatimende zesikhundla ekuhloleni okusunduzwayo futhi inikeza isiqondiso emphakathini. Iwebhusayithi yabo ihlanganisa ingxenye ewusizo yeFAQ echaza ukuthi ungahlukanisa kanjani phakathi kokuhlolwa okungokomthetho nokucindezela.
  • Isikhungo sokucwaninga seProt inikeza ukwaziswa okubanzi mayelana nenqubo yokuhlola nezindlela ezingcono kakhulu. I-Ioldquo; Polling & i-Alytics ” ingxenye ihlanganisa izihloko ezisiza abafundi ukuba baqonde ukuthi ukuhlola okuhle kusebenza kanjani nokuthi bangachaza kanjani imiphumela yokuhlola ngokunembile.
  • i-Politifact ithatha iziphakamiso zezombangazwe, kuhlanganise nezinkulumo zokuhlola eziphoqelelwe. Izihloko zabo ezihlola iqiniso ngokuvamile zilandelela umsuka wezinkulumo zamanga futhi zinikeze umongo ukuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani emikhankasweni.
  • I-Roper Center for Public Opinion Research ilondoloza enye yezinqolobane ezinkulu kakhulu zemininingwane yomphakathi emhlabeni. Imithombo yabo ingasiza abavoti ukuba baqonde ukuthi ukuvota okusemthethweni kunjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
  • ibhodi yakho yokhetho noma ukuhlukanisa kwezwe inganikeza ukwaziswa ngezindlela zomkhankaso endaweni yakini futhi ingathola imibiko yemisebenzi yokuhlola esolekayo.

Isiphetho

Ukuhlola okucindezelayo kumelela elinye lamathuluzi akhohlisayo kakhulu ezikhalini zezombangazwe ngenxa yokuthi zifihla ukuxhaphaza njengokucwaninga. Abaqondisi abaqonda indlela le nqubo esebenza ngayo, baqaphela amasu angokwengqondo abawasebenzisayo, futhi basebenzise izindlela zokuhlola ezihlelekile cishe azinakukhohliswa yizo. Umgomo awukona ukugxeka konke ukwaziswa okungokombangazwe kodwa ukuthuthukisa ukuqonda phakathi kokucwaninga okuqotho nenkulumo - ze efihlekile.

Izindlela zokukhetha ziveza izindlela ezintsha ezingafani. Imibuzo ingase ishintshe, futhi ubuchwepheshe bungashintsha, kodwa isimiso esiyisisekelo sihlala sikhona: othile uzama ukutshala umqondo engqondweni yakho ungaqapheli. Ngokuhlala unolwazi, ubuze imibuzo efanele, futhi uthembe imizwelo yakho ebucayi, ungavikela ukwahlulela kwakho futhi usize ekusimweni esingcono sezombangazwe.

Lapho uhlangana nenhlolo - vo ezwakala icindezela, isinqumo sakho sokulahla nokusakaza ukuqapha yisona ngokwaso kuyisenzo sezombangazwe. Wenqaba ukuba ukwamukela inkulumo - ze ungenzi lutho futhi ukhethe ukuba isakhamuzi esikhuthele, esibophekile. Lokho kuzimisele ukugxeka kungelinye lamathuluzi anamandla kakhulu atholakala kunoma yiliphi idemokrasi.