UMthetho - sisekelo Njengomsuka Ophakeme Wokwenza Imithetho YaseMelika

UMthetho-sisekelo we-United States usebenza njengomthetho ophakeme wezwe, umisa uhlelo oluyisisekelo phakathi kwalo wonke umthetho wezwe, umbuso, nezindawo. Wamiswa ngo-1788, wathatha indawo yeZihloko zoBunyano futhi wakha isimiso sokubusa esiye sakhuthazelela emakhulwini amabili eminyaka. UMthetho-sisekelo wenza okungaphezu nje kokuchaza amagatsha kahulumeni; umisa imingcele yamandla ombuso, uvikela amalungelo ombuso ngamanye, futhi uqinisekisa ukuthi akukho muntu oyedwa ongabusa isimiso somthetho. Ukuqonda indima yawo kubalulekile ekuqondeni indlela imithetho enziwa ngayo futhi kungani izimiso ezithile ezingokomthetho zihlala ziqinile.

ISiphakamiso VI soMthetho-sisekelo siqukethe iSupremacy Claus, ememezela ukuthi uMthetho-sisekelo, kanye nemithetho kahulumeni nezivumelwano ezenziwe ngaphansi kwegunya lawo, ubumba umthetho ophakeme wezwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma yimuphi umthetho wombuso ophikisana nomthetho-mthetho kahulumeni kahulumeni kumelwe uphume. Nokho, lobu bukhulu busebenza kuphela phakathi kwesikhundla semibuso ephathiswe uhulumeni. ISichibiyelo seshumi asiqiniseki ukuthi amandla angaphathiswa i-United States nguMthetho-Constitution, noma avinjelwe yiwo emibuso, agcinelwe ezindaweni, noma kubantu. Lokhu kulinganisela okubucayi phakathi kwegunya lombuso nombuso kuhlela wonke umzamo womthetho womthetho wombuso wombuso wombuso kuzo zombili imigangatho.

UMthetho-sisekelo ubeka imingcele yokwakhiwa kwemithetho ngokuhlelwa kwemibuso ebalayo, ebala izindawo ezithile lapho uMkhandlu ungathatha khona isinyathelo, futhi ngeSikhathi samalungelo kahulumeni, esivimbela ukuphambana. Ngokwesibonelo, iSichibiyelo sokuqala sivimbela noma yimuphi umthetho ovimbela inkululeko yokukhuluma noma yokukhulekela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngisho noma isimemezelo somthetho sisekela esithandwa kakhulu, asinakumiswa uma siphula isivikelo somthetho-mthetho. Ukuqonda lesi sisekelo sesisekelo kuyagxeka noma ubani ofunda ukuthi imithetho iqala kanjani, inguquko, futhi ekugcineni uphoqelelwe.

Isimiso Somthetho - sisekelo Sokusekela Amandla Angokomthetho

ISiphakamiso I soMthetho-sisekelo sifaka wonke amandla omthetho eSishaya - mthetho eSishaya - mthetho, esihlanganisa iSigele neNdlu yabameleli. Lesi sakhiwo sama-bidamal sasiwukuhleba ngamabomu phakathi kwezifundazwe ezinkulu nezincane, siqinisekisa ukuthi kokubili inani labantu nombuso olinganayo kufeza indima ekukhiqizeni umthetho. Indlu yabameleli, enamalungu ahlukaniswa inani labantu, iqala izikweleti zemali futhi ibonakalisa intando yabantu ngokuqondile. ISigele, kanye nezinkampani ezimbili zesifundazwe ngasinye, inikeza i-ekebondlo engxamiseni esheshayo futhi ifeza izimemezelo zezivumelwano zezikhulu zikahulumeni.

UMthetho-sisekelo ubala amagunya akhethekile eSiphakamiso I, isiqephu 8. Lezi zihlanganisa amandla okukhokha intela, ukuboleka imali, ukulawula intela ephakathi kwezwe nakwamanye amazwe, ukumisa imithetho yemvelo efanayo, imali, ukukhipha impi, ukuphakamisa nokusekela, futhi wenze yonke imithetho idingeke futhi ifaneleke ekufezeni lamandla. I-Livience ne-Faned Clause, esekupheleni kweSiqeshana 8, inikeza uMkhandlu igunya lokushaya imithetho edingekile ekufezeni amandla awo ahlukene, ngisho noma leyo mithetho ingadwebi ngokomthetho. Lomthetho ubengumthombo obalulekile wokuchaza, ukwandisa ukumiswa kwemithetho esemthethweni ezindaweni ezinjengezentengiselwano, ezentengiselwano, nelungelo lomphakathi.

Ngaphandle kokubalwa kwemibuso, uMthetho-sisekelo ubeka futhi imingcele ecacile egunyeni lomthetho. Isigaba I se-9 senqabela i-Congress ukudlulisa izikweleti zomthathi, imithetho yangemva kwe-codo, noma ukumisa i-as corpus ngaphandle kwalapho kuvukele noma kuhlaselwa. Imithetho yethekisi kumelwe ifane e-United States, futhi akukho kukhethwa okunganikezwa izikhungo zikahulumeni othile phezu kwezesinye. Lemithetho iqinisekisa ukuthi amandla omthetho asetshenziswa kahle futhi awasetshenziswangakhonziwa abantu ngabanye noma amaqembu.

Indima KaClaus Odingekayo Nofanele

Ambalwa amalungiselelo omthetho-sisekelo aye adala impikiswano enkulu njengaleyo eshiwo ngokufanele noMthendeleko. Inkantolo ephawulayo inguMcloch v. Maryland (1819), iNkantolo ePhakeme kakhulu ngaphansi kukaMahluleli omkhulu uJohn Marshall yamisa ukuthi iNkantolo inamandla abekweyo ngaphezu kwalawo ahlelwe ngokuqondile eMthethweni womthetho. INkantolo yasekela ukuthi ukwakha ibhange lesizwe kwakuyindlela esemthethweni yokusebenzisa amandla ayo abekwe phezu kwentela, ukuboleka, nemali. Lencazelo ebanzi ivumela iKhomisha ukuba i-ngquthelane emfundweni enkulu yezindaba zanamuhla, kuhlanganise nomthetho wezempilo, i-onqandaweni, ngisho noma umthetho wezezimali ungakhululi. Nokho, iNkathiwe futhi imthetho ibeke umthetho obekwe ngokwemithetho engokomthetho ukuze ilinganiswe futhi ingaphulwane namanye amalungiselelo.

Inqubo Yomthetho: Ukusuka Kuyibhili Kuya EMthethweni

Inqubo yokuba umthetho wesikweleti iningiliziwe, ngamabomu, futhi iklanyelwe ukuvimbela umthetho osheshayo noma ocatshangelwa kabi. Nakuba uMthetho-sisekelo unikeza isisekelo esiyisisekelo kuphela, amakhulu eminyaka okuzigcina aye anezela inqubo. Ukuqonda isigaba ngasinye kucacisa indlela izimiso zomthetho-sisekelo ezihlela ngayo umphumela ekugcineni.

Ukusungulwa Nokuvuselelwa

Noma iliphi ilungu le-Congress lingase lazise isikweleti, esibe sesabelwe inani futhi sibhekiswe ekomitini efanelekile nguSaluyama weNdlu noma umphathi weSishaya-mthetho. UMthetho-sisekelo awugunyazi lesimiso sekomiti, kodwa sekuye kwaba okubalulekile ekuqondiseni izinkulungwane zemali eziqanjweyo. Amakomiti asebenza kakhulu ezindaweni ezisemthethweni ezinjengokulima, ezezimali, ezemali, ezemali, ezezindaba zakwamanye amazwe. Lokhu kuhlola okukhethekile kuvumela ukucubungula ngokuningiliziwe komthetho ohlolwe futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi izikwenziswa amalungu anezikwele ezibukelwe ngobuchwepheshe obufanele.

Isenzo Sekomiti Nophawu

Uma isikweleti sesisemakomitini, sithatha izigaba eziningana. Ikomiti ingaba nokuqulwa lapho ochwepheshe, abagcini bezimali, nezikhulu zikahulumeni benikeza khona ubufakazi. Ngemva kokuzwa, ikomiti imisa isimiso sokubhalisa lapho amalungu ahlongoza khona ukuthunyelwa nokuvota ukuthi i-coverdings igcizelela yini imvume yokulungisa izindleko. Ikomiti ingavumela lomthetho njengobhaliwe, iwuqede, noma iwulahle ngokuphelele. Uma umthetho ungabikwanga ekomitini, uyafa ngokuphumelelayo, inhlekelele eyenzekayo ekwahluleleni okukhulu kwenkokhelo ezaziwayo. Lesi sibonisa ukugcizelela komthetho-mthetho-mgaqo wokuhlela nokucunganisa izindleko, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umthetho ubhalwe kahle ngaphambi kokuba ufinyelele endlini yonke.

Impikiswano Nemisebenzi Yokucula Eyindawo Ezungezile

Ngemva kokuba ikomiti isike yabika isikweleti, iqhubekela phansi egumbini lokuvula. Endlini, impikiswano ilawulwa ngokwesiko lemithetho emisa imingcele yesikhathi nezimiso. ESigeqeni, impikiswano ivulekile kakhulu, futhi i-monicbuster ivumela isigele esisodwa noma iqembu ukuba libambezele izenzakalo ngaphandle kokuba abavoti abangamashumi ayisithupha abavoti bokuvala impikiswano. Umthetho-sisekelo ngokwawo awuwukhulumi ngemithetho ye-Preacebuster, kodwa iSigele siye sayamukela ngemithetho yaso siqu. Lelithuluzi le-procrateba liye laba isiciso esibalulekile ekulungiseni umthetho kwanamuhla, libonisa indima yeSigelethi selungu esinezinganiso esiwubala ukuthi isilinganiso sokusebenza. Uma nje impikiswano iphethe, i-pane yokuvota okuphelele. Uma i-pagemconda idluliselwe kwenye inqubo, lapho inqubo idluliselwa khona.

IKomiti Yengqungquthela Nokuvunyelwa Kokugcina

Uma iNdlu neSigele kudlulisa izinqumo ezihlukene zesivumelwano esifanayo, ikomiti yengqungquthela enamalungu asemagumbini womabili isebenza ukuhlanganisa lokhu okungafani. Ukuvumelana kokuvumelana kumelwe kuvunyelwe yiwo womabili amagumbi anesimo esifanayo ngaphambi kokuba ithunyelwe kuMongameli. Lesisigaba siqinisekisa ukuthi izindikimba zomthetho ziyavumelana ngolimi oluqondile lomthetho, zivimbela ukungaqondani nokulondolozwa kwemfuneko engokomthetho yengxenye ye-badamal.

Isenzo Sobumongameli

Uma nje uKhongolo ludlulisa umthetho, unikezwa uMongameli, onezinsuku eziyishumi (zidlule amaSonto) ukuba enze okuthile. UMthetho-sisekelo unikeza imiphumela emine engenzeka. Okokuqala, uMongameli angasayina isikweleti emthethweni. Okwesibili, uMongameli angawubuyisela umthetho, awuwubuyisela eKhongosweni ngemithetho ebhaliwe. UKhomishane angawudlulisa u-veto kanye no-35% egumbini ngalinye, lapho umthetho uba umthetho ngaphandle kokuvunyelwa nguMongameli. Okwesithathu, uma uMongameli engathathi nyathelo ngesikhathi somhlangano, isibambiso sivele sibe umthetho ngemva kwezinsuku eziyishumi. Okwesine, uma umongameli engenzi senzo nesishaya umthetho phakathi naleyo nkathi eyishumi, isigebethi esifayo esibizwa ngokuthi iphakethena.

Umbuso weveto uyinhlolo egxekayo yomthetho-sisekelo evumela igatsha eliphethe ukuba lenqabe umthetho eliwubheka njengongavumelani nomthetho, ongahlakaniphile, noma ongavumelani nezithakazelo zesizwe. Nokho, lendlela yokulawula iqinisekisa ukuthi uMkhandlu unegunya eliphelele lokumisa imithetho uma kunokuvumelana okwanele. Lokhu kuveza isimiso sokuhlola nokulinganisela okwamiswa ngamabomu nguMthetho-sisekelo.

Amasheke Nokulinganisela Enqubweni Yokwenza Imithetho

Iziphetho zomthetho-mthetho nokulinganisa kuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho gatsha elilodwa likahulumeni elingabusa inqubo yokwenza umthetho. UMkhandlu wenza imithetho, uMongameli uyayilawula futhi uyayiphoqelela, futhi ummeli uyayichaza. Igatsha ngalinye linamathuluzi okuvimbela abanye, liveza ukulinganisela okunamandla okuvikela ekucindezeleni.

Umphathi - sisekelo Uyahlola

I-veto ye-presidente iwukuhlolwa okuqondile kakhulu kweSishaya-mthetho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMongameli anganikeza iziyalezo zesikhulu neziqondiso ezihlela indlela imithetho esetshenziswa ngayo. Nokho, isenzo sokubusa asikwazi ukuphikisana nomthetho wemithetho, futhi uMkhandlu ungawulawula noma ulungise iziyalezo zokulawula ngomthetho. UMongameli futhi uthonya ukumiswa komthetho ngokutusa umthetho eState of the Union kanye nokunxusa amalungu eSishayamthetho ngokuqondile.

Ukubukeza Kokwahlulela

Amandla okuhlola komthetho, asungulwa yiNkantolo Ephakeme emacaleni amaMarbury v. Madison [1803], avumela izinkantolo zikahulumeni ukuba zikhiphe imithetho ephula umthetho. Lamandla awashiwo ngokuqondile embhalweni womthetho, kodwa iNkantolo yacabanga ukuthi ifa e-judicary yendima yokwaziwa komthetho. Uma inkantolo ithola umthetho ongekho ngokomthetho, lowo mthetho uyize futhi awuvunyelwe. Ukubukeza umthetho kudala umthetho waseMelika ngokujule kakhulu, kusukela emithetho ehlabeni Brow v. Board yemfundo yezemfundo [FLT] [FFFF:5] [5] [egg.] [4]

Ingqungquthela Ihlola Isikhulu Nomkhandlu

UKhongolo lunamathuluzi amaningana okuhlola amanye amagatsha. ISigele siqinisekisa ukumiswa komongameli, kuhlanganise namajaji angokomthetho namalungu ekhathektha. ISishaya-mthetho silawula ukuqulwa kwemithetho, okusho ukuthi ingasusa izenzo zokubusa eziphikisayo. I House ingazisusa izikhulu zikahulumeni, kuhlanganise noMongameli, ukuvukela, ukufumbathisa, noma amanye amacala amakhulu kanye nokungalungisi, futhi iSigebengu siqhube ukuqulwa kwecala. ISishaya uhulumeni sibuye sishintshe imingcele yenkantolo yezikhulu zenkantolo, nakuba singenakukwazi ukuqeda igunya leNkanto ephakeme. Lezi zimiso ziqinisekisa ukuthi iSishayamthetho siyaqhubeka inethonya eliqinile ekubulaweni nasekuchazeni imithetho.

Izimiso Eziyinhloko Zomthetho - sisekelo Ezithonya Umthetho

Ngaphandle kwesimiso sesimiso, izimiso eziningana eziyisisekelo zomthetho - sisekelo zinikeza ukwaziswa ngokuqondile ngendlela imithetho efakwa ngayo, ephikiswana ngayo, nenqunywayo.

Ukuhlukana Kwamandla

UMthetho-sisekelo uhlukanisa igunya likahulumeni phakathi kwamagatsha amathathu azimele, ngalinye elinemisebenzi yalo ehlukile. Lokhu kwahlukanisa kuvimbela noma iyiphi into eyodwa ekuqongeleleni amandla eqile. Amandla emithetho asemaSivumelwaneni, amandla aphetheyo kuMongameli, namandla okwahlulela ezinkantolo zikahulumeni. Umthetho ofiphaza lemigqa, njengoMkhandlu ozama ukumisa abaphathi bezikhulu noma uMongameli ophinde wabekwa imithetho, uphakamisa izinkathazo ezingathi sína zomthetho-mthetho-sisekelo. INkanto ePhakakhulu iye yagunyaza lokhu kwahlukana ezicaleni ezifana .[FLT] [198], owashaya umthetho phansi izintambo zomthetho zokwenziwa kweze ze-atho, owephula izimfuneko ze-biordialism ne-bialism.

Ubumbano Nokusakaza Kwegunya Lokwenza Imithetho

I-Federalism ihlukanisa amandla omthetho womthetho phakathi kukahulumeni wesizwe nezwe. Umthetho-sisekelo unika uhulumeni amandla athile abalikiwe, kuyilapho iSichibiyelo seshumi sigcina wonke amanye amagunya ezwe noma abantu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi sinegunya elikhulu lokumisa imingcele ezindabeni zezwe, njengomthetho wempahla, umthetho womkhaya, imfundo, nempilo yomphakathi. Nokho, uma imithetho kahulumeni iphikisana nomthetho kahulumeni ohlangene phakathi kwesigaba segunya lombuso, iSupremacy Claus eqinisekisa ukuthi umthetho kahulumeni uyaqhubeka. Izingxoxo zanamuhla zomthetho-mthetho-sisekelo zivame ukugxila emingceleni eqondeneyo yegunya likahulumeni, ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene nentengiselwano yezentengiselwano ka Claus, intela nezentengiselwano yemithetho ka-Claus, kanye nezimiso zemithetho ye-Genethiwe-14656.

Isiqinisekiso Samalungelo Nenkululeko Yabantu Ngabodwa

Izinguquko zokuqala eziyishumi zimisa imingcele eqondile ekubekeni umthetho. ISichibiyelo sokuqala sivikela ukukhuluma, inkolo, ukunyathelisa, ukuhlangana, nokunxusa. Isichibiyeli Sesibili sivikela ilungelo lokugcina nokuphatha izikhali. Isichibiyeli sesine sivikela ukuphehlwa okungacabangeli nokuquleka. Isichibiyeli sesihlanu siqinisekisa inqubo efanele, isivikelo ekuzibekeleni imingcele eyisisekelo, futhi imbuyiselo yokuthatha imithetho. ISichibiyelo seSinxephelo se-8h sivimbela ibheyili ephakeme nesijeziso esinonya nesiphithiphithizelayo. Lamalungelo awona azimeleyo, kodwa nanoma yimuphi umthetho owathwesayo kumelwe wanelise ukuhlolwa kwemithetho engokomthetho. Imithetho ehlasela amalungelo ayisisekelo anjengesizwe noma asodwayo, izinkantolo zisebenza ngokucuphelisisa, zifuna uhulumeni ukuba ubonise isithakazelo esinelisayo futhi umthetho owenzile.

Izinselele Zomthetho - sisekelo Wanamuhla Ekwenzeni Umthetho

Ukwenziwa komthetho-mthetho kwangesikhathi kubhekene nezingxabano zomthetho-sisekelo eziningana ezazingekho enkathini yabasunguli. Ukukhula kombuso wokuphatha, ukwanda kwamandla kahulumeni nge-Chwestern Clause, nezimpikiswano ngobukhulu begunya eliphethe ziye zahlola yonke imingcele yomthetho-sisekelo.

Umbuso Ophethe Negunya

Izihambeli ze-Congress zivame ukusekela iziphathimandla okuqondisa izinhlangano zikahulumeni, ezinikeza imithetho enamandla omthetho. UMthetho-sisekelo ufaka wonke amandla emithetho eSishayamthetho eKhongomeni, uphakamisa imibuzo ngokuphathelene ngokomthetho wamanxusa abanzi. INkantolo Ephakeme ivame ukusekela abameleli uma nje inikeza iziphathi izimiso ezicacile zokuqondisa izinkonzo. Whitman v. American Trucking Associations [[FLM] [200]] [2001], iNkantolo iphinde yaqinisekisa lendinganiso, inqaba inselele inselele isigaba se-Celeanight Air Acts's's yombuso we-Actss. [irreacts] ephethe i-Accompatment Agement Agement. Nokho, ezinye izazi zezethisigcounts ezisekela kakhulu kwezentelligames ezingoko zezombangazwe ezibanzi. [iv]

Ezentengiselwano UClaus Nombuso Wesifunda

I-Choomer Claus, etholakala eSiphakamiso I, Ingxenye 8, iye yaba imoto eyinhloko yokwandisa igunya lemithetho ye-offalo ye-outhorian kusukela kuyi-New Accounting. Incazelo ebanzi yeNkantolo enjenge NLB v. Jones & Laughlin Corp. [1937] [193] [193] ne [[FL:] Wickard v.[FLT] v.[FLT] [2] [12] [192] [192] [iiiiiimvume] yokulawula cishe wonke umsebenzi wezezomnotho. Nokho, [inani elingekho ikhefu ezindaweni ezingaphezulu kakhulu, i-Empepho yomphakathi (inani eliphansi]).[4] i-secustomston (inter.[9] i-censensenser.[empepho yombuso engaphezulu]

Izimiso Eziphethe Nemingcele Yokwenza Umongameli Umthetho

Abaholi baye basebenzisa iziyalo zokuqondisa ezisebenzayo ukuze benze izinguquko zenqubo ngaphandle kokuvunyelwa kwenhlangano. Nakuba iziyalezo zabaphethe ithuluzi elisemthethweni lokuqondisa imisebenzi yamagatsha aphetheyo, abakwazi ukwakha umthetho omusha noma ukuphikisa imithetho ekhona. Uma iziyalezo zezikhulu zidlula imingcele yomthetho-sisekelo, izinkantolo zingazishaya. Ngokwesibonelo, iNkantolo Ephakeme yazenza umthetho wesikhulu sikaMongameli Truman waphelelwa amandla ekubambeni izinsimbi phakathi neMpi yase Korea intsha efind & Tube Co. Sawter (1952), iphethe ukuthi uMongameli ungenalo ngokomthetho wegunya lokusebenza ekuphumeni kwemvume yokumiswa kwenhlangano. Lokhu kuhlala kuyisibonelo sesisekelo sezenzo zokulawula izikhulu.

Inqubo Yesichibiyelo: Ukushintsha Umthetho - sisekelo Ozibusa Ngawo

UMthetho-sisekelo uhlanganisa indlela yawo siqu yokushintsha nge-Atign V, enikeza izindlela ezimbili zokulungisa izinqumo futhi ezimbili zokuhlukanisa. Izigwebo zingahlongozwa ngevoti yezindawo ezimbili noma ngomhlangano wezwe obizwa ngama-mitathu amabili ezimiso zikahulumeni. Ukukhuliswa kudinga ukuvunyelwa ngezinqumo ezintathu zesifunda-sizwe noma ngemihlangano yesifunda. Le nqubo enzima iqinisekisa ukuthi umthetho-sisekelo ushintsha kuphela ngenqubo ebanzi, uvikela idokhumende enqubweni enqubeni enkulu yezombangazwe. Ama-antententente angamashumi amabili nambili kuphela anezinhlanu agunyaziwe kusukela ngo 1789, ngokulinganisela kwamuva kwezinganiso ezingu-20 zesifunda, ezikhokhwayo, ezilinganiselwayo, ngemva kwamakhulu amabili eminyaka ukucatshangelwa kwenqubo yomthetho-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho. Inqubo yokulungisa i-Geneka i-senziwayo yokwayo yokwahlu lwezisekelo oluqinile.

Ithonya Elihlala Njalo Lomthetho - sisekelo Ongokomthetho Wanamuhla

Wonke umthetho omiswe yiKhomishane kumelwe udlulisele ukucusumbulwa komthetho-mthetho, kungaba ngenqubo yomthetho ngokwayo noma ngokuhlola okulandelayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukucatshangelwa komthetho-mthetho kuqashelwa kuzo zonke izigaba zokwenza umthetho, kusukela ekuqaleni ukuhlelwa kwemithetho kuya ekuqikelweni komthetho wokugcina. Abenzi bomthetho babheka inqubo yomthetho lapho benza izikweletu, neHhovisi Lezeluleko kuMnyango Wezomthetho linikeza isiqondiso somthetho - sisekelo egatsheni eliphethe. Amaqembu acabangela amathakathakatha, nezazi ziphikisana ngokuqhubekayo ngokusekelwe kwemithetho ehleliwe, zithonya umbono womphakathi nemiphumelo yemithetho.

Ithonya loMthetho-sisekelo lidlulela ngalé kwesigaba sikahulumeni. Umthetho-sisekelo woMbuso, nakuba ngokuvamile uningiliziwe futhi kulula ukuqeda, kumelwe uvumelane nezindinganiso ezilinganiselwe zomthetho-sisekelo we-U.S. zamalungelo abantu ngabanye nokubusa. Imithetho-mthetho eminingi yezwe inikeza ezinye izivikelo ezingaphezulu kwesisekelo sikahulumeni, ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene nemfundo yezemfundo, imfihlo, namalungelo endawo ezungezile. Lomthetho-sisekelo owenziwe ngomthetho uveza indawo ecebile neyinkimbinkimbi engokomthetho lapho abenzi bomthetho kuzo zonke izigaba kumelwe basebenze khona.

Ukuqonda indima yoMthetho-sisekelo ekulolongeni isimiso sethu somthetho akuyona nje indlela yemfundo. Kubalulekile ukuba isakhamuzi esinolwazi, siphumelele ekulawuleni, futhi sibe nomthwalo wemfanelo. Wonke umuntu ovotayo, okhonza ejajini, noma ohlanganyela enkulumweni yasobala uhlanganyela esimisweni somthetho-sisekelo esamiswa ngabasunguli. Ngokuqonda indlela imithetho emiswa ngayo nendlela uMthetho-sisekelo olawula ngayo, abantu bangagcina abameleli babo ngokuphumelelayo futhi banikele eproject yempathi eqhubekayo.

Kulabo abanesithakazelo ekuhloleni lezi zihloko ngokuqhubekayo, imithombo enegunya enjenge inikeza i-Constitution Antritution elungiselelwe yi-Library of Congress inikeza ukucaciswa okuningiliziwe kwelungiselelo ngalinye lomthetho-sisekelo. [ Inqubo yemithetho ye-Oyzez[[[FLT:]] inikeza izitebhisi ezifihlwayo neziqophamisiwe zemizwayo zeNkathi ePhakathi echaza umthetho we-mthetho. Ukuze kucatshazwe inqubo yemithetho, [[FLT] i-Coctivective project. inikeza izincazelo-endleko] ezihambelayo kanye nezingcweti zomthetho ezinikeza izakhamuzi kanye nokuqonda umthetho wemithetho yaseMelika.