IQembu Le - Ulster Union Namagebe: Uhambo Lwezombangazwe Olusebenzisa Impi Nokuthula

Izinkinga eNyakatho Ireland (cishe ngo-1988) zimelela esinye sezahluko eziyaluzayo emlandweni wanamuhla waseBrithani nowase-Ireland. Isikhungo sokumiswa kwezombangazwe sasekela i-Ulty Unionsist Party , eyasebenza njengezwi eliyinhloko labashisekeli bobuProthestani banamuhla. I-UP yaphendula inhlekelele esheshayo (kusukela ekuvikelweni kwayo kokuqala kwesikhundla se-UPUlty ku-Flup ku-Averence elungile kuLwesihlanu (--*] yayiyinkimbinkimbi, ngokuvamile ihlukene phakathi, futhi ekugcineni iguqula. Lesi sihloko sihlola amashumi eminyaka amasuntrysuntry, izinqumo eziyinhloko, nefa lokuhileleka kwayo.

Isizinda: I - uup Ngaphambi Kwezinkinga

I-Ulster Union Union yasungulwa ngo - 1905, i - Ulster Union Party yayiyinqola eyinhloko yezombangazwe yokulondoloza ukuhlangana kweNyakatho Ireland neGreat Britain. Engxenyeni enkulu yekhulu lamashumi amabili, leliqembu lajabulela ukubambelela okuqinile ekulawuleni iTormont, libusa ngesimiso esasibhekwa njengesaphulamthetho. UUP yayibuswa kakhulu, isekela ukuphakama kwamaProthestani, nokumelana nobuzwe base-Ireland. Nokho, ekuqaleni kwawo, izingcindezi zenguquko zaqala ukunyuka, kokubili kusukela kuhulumeni we-UK nakuvela amalungelo omphakathi.

Umphathi - mbuso uSerence O’Neill (1963-1969) wazama ukusungula izinguquko ezisesilinganisweni ezihloselwe ukuthuthukisa ubuhlobo nedlanzana lamaKatolika − njengokudalwa kwe-Londonderry Development Commission nesimemo sokuya e-Irish Taoistheach, Seán Lemass, ukuze kucaciswe izinkulumo ezingokomthetho. Lokhu kwabangela ukuphikisa okukhulu phakathi kweqembu lakhe siqu kanye nomphakathi wezokuhlanganisa izinyunyana. Abaningi e-UP babheka noma isiphi isiphi imvume njenge-spresent exwent ebumbene e-Ireland. Lokhu kuphikisana kwangaphakathi phakathi kweqembu labashicinjwayezi ne - trilins kungachaza ukusabela kwalo eminyakeni engaphambili. Ukucatshatshalwa okukhulu kwesimo sezombangazwe phakathi kweqembu lakhe eliphethe iNhlulo, bona [FL:] BB [FF]

Isiqinisekiso Sika - Uup Sokuqala: Ukuvikela Ubumbano Phakathi Kwezingxabano Eziya Ziphakama

Lapho kuqala ukumasha kwenkululeko yomphakathi ngo-1968, i-Ulster Union Union Party yabanjwa ingasebenzi kahle. Inhlangano ye-Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association (NICRA) yafuna isiphelo sokulungisa, ukuhlawuliswa kwezindlu ngokungakhethi, nokuncishiswa kwemithetho ekhethekile yeSigunyazo sombuso nezindlela okwase kukudala kulawulwa inyunyana. Ukusabela kokuqala kwe-UUUP kwakunokuqonda futhi kuvikelekile. Nakuba u-O’NEill wavuma isidingo sokuguqula inguquko ethile, wagcizelela ukuthi ushintsho kumelwe lufike phakathi komthetho okhona futhi ngaphandle kokululaza inyunyana.

Izikhulu zeqembu zazivame ukuveza inhlangano yamalungelo omphakathi njengendawo ephambili yokugumbuqelwa kwesizwe noma amakhomanisi. Lokhu kufushaniswa kwavumela i-UUP ukuba igxeke ababhikishi kuyilapho igwema ukubopha izikhalo zabo ngokuqondile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinyunyana zotshani ziqinile, zinomuzwa wokuthi yona kanye indwangu yezwe lazo yayihlaselwa. Ukuhluleka kuka-UUUP ukuthatha inguquko enzima ehlukanisiwe nezizwe eziningi futhi zanikela ngokuqondile ekuvusekweni kobudlova basemgwaqweni ngo-1969.

Ukusabela Ezindlini Zasezimpini ZaseBrithani Zango - 1969 Nokufika Kwamabutho AseBrithani

Izibhelu zangoAugust 1969 eDerry nase Belfast zanqoba iRoyal Ulster Consabulary (RUC). Amabutho aseBrithani athunyelwa ukuba alungise ukuhleleka, aphawula inkathi yokushintsha. IUUP ngaphansi koNdunankulu uJames Chichester-Clark (owalandela i-O’Neill ngoMay 1969) wamukela ukumiswa kwesakhiwo njengesilinganiso esidingekile [1] kodwa iqembu lalingathandi ukuba iWestminster ithathe indima eqonde kakhulu eNyakatho ye-Ireland. Izinhlangano eziningi zezesaba ukuthi uhulumeni waseBrithani ungaphoqelela ithonya lobuProthestani elizoncithayo.

Ngemva kwesiyaluyalu, i-UUUP yabhekana nokucindezela kokusebenzisa izinguquko ezatuswa yi-Cameron Report futhi kamuva iHunt Report, eyathi inqabela ukuncishiswa kwe-RUC futhi yakha inqolobane entsha yamaphoyisa. Leliqembu lasekela lolu shintsho ngokudabuka, lazi ukuthi ukuhluleka ukwenza kanjalo kungabangela ukubusa okuqondile eLondon. Kodwa ukusebenzisa ngisho nezinguquko ezilinganiselwe kwabonakala kunzima ngenxa yokuphikiswa kwamaqembu athembekile kanye namaUP asekela ama - bank. Lenkathi yadalula ukuhlukana okujulile kwaleliqembu phakathi kwalabo abazimisele ukumelana nanoma iyiphi inseleleko yokuphakama kwenyunyana.

IUUP Phakathi Nobude Bobudlova (1917 - 1976)

Ekuqaleni kwawo - 1970 kwabhebhetheka kakhulu emsebenzini wezempi. i-Pitural IRA yaqala umkhankaso oqhubekayo wamabhomu, kuyilapho amaqembu athembekile njengeUlster Defence Association (UDA) neUlster Woornitor Force (UVF) aphindisela ngokubulala kwamahlelo. IUP, eyayiseyiqembu elibusayo eSponsontt kwaze kwaba yilapho kumiswa ukubusa okuqondile ngo - 1972, yazama ukugcina ukuhleleka ngesikhathi esifanayo ivikela isisekelo sayo sezombangazwe.

Enye yezinyathelo eziphikisana kakhulu ezathathwa uhulumeni we-UUP wabekwa yi- ukungenela ngaphandle kokulingwa , eyaqala ngoAugust 1971 ngaphansi koNdunankulu uBrian Faulkner. Internament yahloselwe ngokuyinhloko ukusola amarepublic asolwayo, kodwa yabulawa kabi, ngokuhlakanipha okudala okuholela ekuboshweni kwamaKatolika amaningi angenacala. Inqubo yabangela inhlekelele: yandisa ukusekela kwe-IRA, yahlukanisa umphakathi wamaKatolika, futhi yakhipha ukulahlwa kwezizwe ngesilinganiso esidingekile sokuphepha, kodwa yaba uphawu lwenhlangano ye-transigen.

Izikhulu Zokulondeka Nobuhlobo Be - UP Ne - ruc ne - UDR

Kuyo yonke iNhlupho, i-UUUP yasekela ngamandla amabutho ezokuvikela, ikakhulukazi i-RUC ne-Ulster Defence Regiment (UDR). Iqembu laphikisa ngokungaguquki ukuthi ukubuyisela umthetho nokuhleleka kwakuyinto yokuqala, ngisho noma kwakusho ukuthi kuvinjelwe inkululeko yomphakathi. Amalungu amaningi e-UUP asekela i-UDR, ibutho elibuthelweyo lendawo elaba i-soshana elikhulu kakhulu eMfuleni waseBrithani. Nokho, izimpikiswano zokuncintiswa kwempi phakathi kwebutho lempi elithembekile nebutho lokhuseleko kanye nezokuvikela izikhali zempi (kakhulukazi i-UDRCUP endaweni enzima.) i-UP yazilahla kakhulu izikhalo ezinjalo njengenkulumo yezempucuko yeze-rbacticism, kodwa kamuva (njengeziwase-Stevenn nedess desCalband) ezimweni ezithile) ezibonisa ukuvinjiwe.

I-UUP yabuye yasebenzisa ithonya enkambisweni yomthetho womthetho womthetho. Ngokwesibonelo, izinkantolo ze-Diplock ``icala le-UUP'' zaqala ukuqulwa''''''''''ekungamangalela ngo-1937' ukuze kulwisanwe nokwesatshiswa kwejaji ```isekela lo qembu eliphelele'. Nakuba zazihloselwe ukukhoselelwa kwezempi, lezi zinkantolo zagxekwa ngezinhlangano zamalungelo abantu. I-UUUP’s imodeli enkolelo yokuthi i-kuvivironts kumelwe ukuba inqobe ubuphekulawu.

Ukusabela Kwezombangazwe: Ukusuka ESunningdale Kuya Esivumelwaneni SamaNgisi

Naphezu kokuma kwayo kokhuseleko lokuqala, i-UUP yayingenakusigwema isidingo sokuxoxa kwezombangazwe. Ukuwa kwe-Stormont ngo-1972 nokumiswa kokubusa okuqondile kwaphoqelela abahlanganisi ukuba bajoyine ohulumeni baseBrithani nase-Irish ezimisweni ezintsha zezombangazwe.

Isivumelwano SaseSunningale (1903) Nomphumela Waso

I-Sunningdale Agreement yayiwumzamo wokuqala ongathi sína wokwakha isikhulu esilawula amandla e-Northern Ireland. I-UUP, ngaphansi kuka-Brian Faulkner (owase enguNdunankulu ngo-1971), yahlanganyela ezinkulumo futhi yavuma kuhulumeni ohlangene owawuhlanganisa i-Social Democratic and Labour Party (SSDLP) ne-UUUP, ngaphansi kwe-All Faulkner. Isivumelwano samisa futhi i-Council of Ireland, inikeza iRepublic i-a i-authorice indima yokuhlola.

Kubantu abahlangene ngokulandelana okungavumelaniyo phakathi kwe-UP ne-Democratic Union Paulkner, Suningdale wamelela ukuhlehlela emuva okungokomthetho: amandla avikela inyunyana phakathi kwe-UK, kuyilapho uMkhandlu wase-Ireland wawungalingani. Nokho, abaxhumani abaqinile phakathi kwe-UUP kanye ne-Democratic Union Paucist Pauc) ababeholwa yi-Ian Paisley yamisa umkhankaso onzima ngokumelene nesivumelwano. Ulkner wahlela umkhosi omkhulu ohlelwe yiSivumelwano sezisebenzi zase-Ulster eMpheni wangonyaka ka-1970946, waletha i-Nyakatho ye-UPulk futhi waphoqa i-kalela phansi isikhundla esinzima. I-UUUPUPlain, ngalesosikhathi, i-Faulner yenza umbarn umbarn umbarn umbarn u-N (up) entshona yeNtshona kweNtshona yeNtshona-Australia, manje, yasuka kakhulu.

I - UUP Nesivumelwano SamaNgisi (1985)

Ukushaqeka okukhulu kwezombangazwe kwalandela ngokusayinwa kweSivumelwano se-Anglo - Irish ngoNovember 1985 nguNdunankulu waseBrithani uMargaret Thaycher no-Irish Taoisseach Garret FitzGerald. Isivumelwano sanika uhulumeni wase-Ireland indima engokomthetho yokuhlola eNyakatho Ireland, ngeNgqungquthela ye-Intergational Conference. I-UP, ngalesosikhathi yaholwa nguJames Molyneaux, yasabela ngolaka. Iqembu elihlangene limemezela ukukhaphela, futhi lahlela umkhankaso wokungathathiwe-yo nohulumeni waseBrithani. Zonke i-UPUPUPUP zasusa izihlalo zazo eNdlweni yeNdlumontraywe abahleli (ngobawo wonke laphinde lamiswa).

Naphezu kokuphikiswa okunamandla, iSivumelwano sama-Anglo - Irish asizange siholele ekuweni kwe-UP; kunalokho, saqinisa isinqumo sokuhlangana futhi sasunduzela iqembu ekuhlelekeni okuseduze ne-Dup phakathi nomkhankaso “Ulster Athi Char”. Nokho, isivumelwano futhi senziwe sacaca ukuthi abaxhumanisi babengasakwazi ukuhlanganisa inkambiso yaseBrithani. Lokhu kusebenza kwangempela kwahlela indlela yokusondela kwe-practumment kamuva kuma-1990. Isivumelwano esinemininingwane ye-Anglo-Irish singatholakala kuMbuthonjeni [[[FL:]]

Ukuhlukana Kwangaphakathi Nokuya Ekuthuleni Isikhathi Eside

Phakathi nawo 1980 kanye nasekuqaleni kwawo-1990, i-UUP yahlala ihlukene phakathi kokwamukela inqubo yezombangazwe ehlanganisa zonke kanye nokulondoloza isimo esiqinile sobunye. Umholi weqembu ngaphansi kukaJames Molyneaux (1979-19995) wayeqaphe, ekhetha ukusebenza emizileni yomthetho-sisekelo waseBrithani − njenge House of Commons −rather kunokuhlanganyela ezingxoxweni eziphakeme.

Kodwa indawo yashintsha ngemva kokuba uBukhoma beSimemezelo sonyaka ka-1994 nonyaka ka-1994 wokuyeka ukubuswa kweNdlu Yezempi eHlazekile ne-IRA. i-UUP ngaphansi kukaMolyneaux ayizange ikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezindawo, futhi ukugxeka kwangaphakathi kwakhula. Ngo-1995, uDavid Trimble waba umholi, emelela isizukulwane esisha esizimisele ukuhlola amathuba enqubo yokuthula. Ukuhola kwe-Trimble kwakuzoba yimfuneko, nakuba futhi kwafaka isibopho sokuhlangana ngokunye.

UDavid Akavumelani Nesivumelwano Esihle SangoLwesihlanu

David Trimble wathatha i-UUP wanquma ukuxoxa ngedolobha elalingaqeda izinkathazo ngesikhathi elondoloza ukuhlangana. Wangena ezinhlabeni eziningi ezazihlanganisa iSinn Féin, naphezu kwenzondo ejulile yokuhlangana. Umphumela Good Wear Act [[FLD:1] [Isivumelwano se-Belpistrial Treagument] sangonyaka ka-1998 sasiyingqopha - mlando: sadala isikhulu esinciphile amandla esinonyayo, saqaphela isimiso semvume (Inyakatho ye-Northern Ireland yayingashiya i-UK kuphela ngevoti enkulu), futhi kwamiswa izinhlangano ezihlanganisa iziphambano.

Ukusekela kuka-Trimpble lesi sivumelwano kwamenza waphikisana nabaningi abaseqenjini lakhe kanye ne-Dup. Esinyangweni esingokomlando, uTrimble waba nguNgqongqoshe wokuqala wase-Northern Ireland ngoDecember 1999. Kodwa ukuhlukana kwe-UUP ngaphakathi kwamane kwaba kubi kakhulu. Ukulwa kwezindaba ezinjengokuthi i-IRA yayeka ukuphonsa umthetho, leliqembu lasekela i-DuP, elasenqaba isivumelwano. UTrimble wayeka njengesikhonzi sokuqala ngo-2006 futhi waphinda waphoqa u-1960 ukuba awine uMklomelo wokuthula kaNobel ngo-1998 uJohn Hume, u-Trimble wakwazi ukusekela i-UUUUP.

Ifa LeziNkawu Eziye Zasabela Kulo Mcimbi

Uhambo lwe-Ulster Unionist Party luyindaba yokuzivumelanisa nokwehla kwezinkinga. Ekuqaleni kwalempi, leliqembu laliyizwi elingenakungatshazwa lobunye; ekugcineni, lalithathelwe i-DuP engcono kakhulu ngokwezisekelo zokukhetha. Kodwa indima ye-UUP ilokhu ibalulekile.

Okokuqala, leliqembu lanikeza isisekelo sezombangazwe sokusabela kwezentengiselwano ezingokwezombangazwe eziqukethe ubudlova − ngisho noma ezinye zezimiso zalo zazibonakala zingasizi. Okwesibili, naphezu kwempi yangaphakathi, abaholi be-UUP abasuka eFaulkner kuya eTrimble bahlehlisa ukuvumelana okunzima okwagcina ithuba lokuba nesakhiwo sezombangazwe siphila. Okwesithathu, ukuziphendukela kweqembu ekuvimbeleni ukuvimbela ukuhlangana kweGood Wearver Agreement kuveza izinselele zokusuka ekulondolozeni ubuzwe kuya ekuvumelaneni kwentando yeningi.

Izazi mlando ziyaqhubeka ziphikisana ngefa lika-UUP. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi ukwehluleka kwaleliqembu ukwamukela inguquko ngokugcwele ngawo-1960 kwaba nengxenye esilinganisoni sobudlova. Abaxhasi baphikisa ngokuthi ngaphandle kokuzinikela kuka-UP enyuk enyukweni nokuzimisela kwakhe ekugcineni ukuhlanganyela amandla, akukho ukuthula okuqinile okwakungatholakala. Ukuze uthole umbono olinganiselwe, bheka i-Irish Times enqolobaneni ye-UUP[[FLT]].

Amakhiye Okuthatha Izindawo

  • Ekuqaleni ama - UUP ayenqaba izinguquko zamalungelo omphakathi, okwaba nengxenye ezingxabanweni ezakhula zaba izinkathazo.
  • Leliqembu lasekela izinyathelo zokuzivikela eziqinile njengezinkantolo zokuvikelwa nezinkantolo ezingamanga, ezazihlukanisa amaqembu esizwe.
  • Ama - UUP ahlanganyela futhi abe esephikisa iSivumelwano SaseSunningdale, esibonisa ukuhlukana okujulile kwangaphakathi.
  • Ngaphansi kokukhungatheka kukaDavid Trim, leliqembu lamukela iSivumelwano Esihle NgoLwesihlanu, elamtholela uMklomelo Wokuthula KaNobel.
  • Kwalandela ukwehla kwe - Electoral njengoba iDup yabamba ivoti eqinile ngokwengeziwe yomsizi wenyunyana.

Ukusabela kwe-Ulster Unionist Party eMhlukweni kwakungekhona ukuzwela. Abaholi bayo basebenzisa indlela ekhohlisayo phakathi kokuvikela isibopho nokusabela ezimfunekweni zomphakathi oshintshayo. Ukuphumelela nokuhluleka kweqembu kunikeza izifundo ezihlala njalo zesinqumo sempi kanye nobuholi bezombangazwe emiphakathini ehlukene kakhulu. Ukuze ufunde, hlola [Oxford] i-Ulster Union Direfection [[ kanye nokungena kwe-BRINCE [ult] emiphakathini ehlukene kakhulu ye-UP[FLT].