Isisekelo Sokululama Kwamanzi Emadolobheni

Izimiso zamanzi zasedolobheni ziphakathi kwemigoqo yamanzi enamandla kakhulu ohulumeni basemadolobheni abangadonsa ukuze bavuselele imvelo yendawo yendawo. Njengoba izindawo zasedolobheni ziyanda, ukulawulwa kwamanzi angcolile, amanzi angcolile, amanzi aphuzwayo kunquma ngokuqondile ukuthi imifula iba yizindawo zokusindisa ukuphila noma izindawo ezifile, noma amaxhaphozi akhona, nokuthi iziqhingi ezishisayo zasedolobheni ziyakhula noma ziyancipha. Izimiso zamanzi ezisebenzayo zingenza okungaphezu kokuvimbela izikhukhula nokukhucutha indleko lendle — zilungisa ngokuhlela izakhiwo zokuhweba imvelo, izimiso zendawo ezisebenzisa imvelo, nezinhlelo zomphakathi, amadolobha angaguqula izindawo eziqinile zibe indawo zokuthutha impova, izinhlanzi, izinyoni, nezitshalo zomdabuko. Lesi sihloko sihlola indlela imithetho yamanzi ephambili ekhuthaza ngayo ukubuyiselwa kwendawo ezungezile embulukeni emhlabeni wonke.

Indima Ebucayi Yokuphathwa Kwamanzi Emadolobheni Empilo Ye - Ecosystem

Ukuhlala emadolobheni kushintsha umjikelezo wamanzi. Indawo ewuphawu olufana nemigwaqo, uphahla, nendawo yokupaka izimoto zivimbela amanzi emvula ukuba acwile emhlabathini. Kunalokho, ukuphuma kwemibhobho empompini ekhipha amanzi, kuthwele izinto ezingcolisayo — uwoyela wenjini, izinsimbi ezisindayo, umanyolo, kanye nokulahlwa kwemfucumfucu — kungena ngokuqondile emifuleni, emachibini, nasemanzini asogwini asogwini. Le hydrasyy hyy [ isusa imifula, igcwele izindawo ezihlala kuzo, futhi ikhiphe ukungcola okubulala izinhlobo ezizwelayo.

Kodwa ukuphatha amanzi emadolobheni akuyona inhlekelele ngokwemvelo. Uma imithetho isuka ku-“ ihlanganisa futhi ilahla” ukuya “kugcina nokubuyisela,” amadolobha aba abaphathi kunabaphikisi bemvelo. Ngokwesibonelo, idinga ukuba intuthuko entsha ilawule zonke imvula ngokusebenzisa amatheku noma ukuvuthwa kwamanzi kungalingisa ukukhuliswa kwe-hydrology. Izindawo ezilawula ukuqhekeka kwemingcele yemingcele yemingcele yezindawo zivimbela ukwakhiwa kwezindawo eziseceleni kwamanzi, zivumela uhlazalo ukuba luphume nemisele yethunzi. Futhi uma ukungcola kuvusendlelwa izitshalo ukuze kususwe i-phorus ne-ozansi kwe-ozoni, izimbali ezifileyo. — Izindawo ezikhiqiniswe ngokuphawulekayo. —

I-United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) ilinganisela ukuthi intengo yokuwohloka kwemvelo yasemadolobheni ihamba ngezigidigidi zamaRandi ngonyaka lapho kulahleka ukudotshwa, ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi, nesivikelo sesikhukhula kubhalelwa [ [isisekelo]. Ngokusho kwalokho, ukutshala amanzi asekelwe emvelweni kungaveza ukubuya kwezikhathi eziyisihlanu kuya kwezingu-15 izindleko zokuqala ngenxa yomonakalo nobuhle bokuphila.

Ukuhlobana Kwesimiso Sokusebenza Kwamanzi Phakathi Komthetho Nendawo Evamile

Ithonsi ngalinye lamanzi eliwela edolobheni liyithuba. Uma lilawulwa kabi, liba yisihlukumezi. Uma lilawulwa ngokuhlakanipha, libuyisela amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, ligcina ukugeleza komfutho, futhi lisekela izitshalo ezinamanzi. Izimiso zamanzi zase Urban ezihlela ukuthuthuka okungalawulekiyo [ kanye] [[FLT]] ne [FLT] amanzi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka [[[FLT]]] abuye alungisele ngokuqondile izimo ezingokomzimba namakhemikhali ukuphila okudingeka emanzini emanzini asemanzini. Ngokwesibonelo, imiyalo edinga umgwaqo ehambayo ezindaweni zokupaka igelezayo igeleza igeleza ngaphambi kokuba ifinyelele imifuleni. Ngokufanayo, imithetho evikela amanzi aseqophethuleni ezindaweni ezigqini noma ezigqini ezigqiliwe ezindaweni ezingokwemvelo ezincikene zezinhlanzi eziphila ngayo.

Iziteshi Zokulungisa Isimiso Sezokusebenza

Ukulungisa imvelo ngokuphumelela ngenqubo yamanzi asedolobheni akuzenzakalelanga. Kuvela kumacebo ahlangene asebenza ngamasampula amaningi — kusukela ekwakheni inkatho ngayinye kuya kuyo yonke i-ash. Ngezansi amadolobha aphumelela kakhulu asebenzisa inqubo yokungena namuhla.

Izinqubo Zokwakha Zaluhlaza Nezinhlansi

Izakhiwo zohlaza zibhekisela kunoma yisiphi isimiso esisebenzisa uhlaza, inhlabathi, nezinqubo ezingokwemvelo zokulawula amanzi lapho ewela khona. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izingadi zemvula, i-bioswales, uphahla oluluhlaza, uphahla oluluhlaza, indawo evulekile evulekileyo, nasemaxhaphozini akhiweyo. Amathuluzi ohlelo lokuthuthukisa izakhiwo eziluhlaza zihlanganisa:

  • Intengo yezethulo ze-asitha yosizo: abanikazi bezakhiwo abafaka izakhiwo eziluhlaza bakhokhela izindleko eziphansi ngokuncishiswa kwendawo abangayifaki.
  • [[Ukwehla] Ukubeka ithala: Ukufuna isilinganiso esincane sendawo ukuba ihlale ikhona ngokucasuka noma ihlanganise ukwelashwa kwamanzi esiphepho.
  • Ikhodi lokwakha uvulo: ifulela uphahla oluluhlaza phezu kwezakhiwo ezintsha ezinkulu noma idinga ukuvunwa kwamanzi emvula ukuze kuniswe ngezwe.
  • [[[NT:0] Izinhlelo ezinkulu ze-Municipal: ufaka ibhayoloji ngokuqondile emigwaqweni futhi ufaka amapaki omphakathi afanele ukuthathwa amanzi esiphepho.

Idolobha le Filadelphia, Pennsylvania, linikeza isibonelo esiphawulekayo. IDolobha lalo eliluhlaza, iGreen, i-Greenters Clean Waters isebenzisa izakhiwo eziluhlaza ukuthatha amaphesenti angu-85 amanzi aphuma ezindaweni ezingangeni. Ngokufaka amapayipi ampu anezingadi zemvula nasemabalaleni avulekile, uhlelo alunciphi nje kuphela indle kodwa futhi ludala amaphasishi ezinyoni ezithutha izinyoni nempova. Umphumela uwukugcinwa kwaminyaka yonke [act] [i] [inani]] ngokuqhathaniswa nokusondela komhubhe okuvamile [FLD:4]] [OFFOLT]]

Imithetho Yamanzi Elawula Ukubuyiselwa

Amazinga amanzi anezinga eliphezulu ayizici ezinamandla zokubuyisela imvelo. Ngaphansi komthetho Womthetho Wamanzi ococekile e-United States, ingqikithi yemithwalo yansuku zonke (TMDLs) engcolise ukungcola okunjengesidleke, iphosphorus, noma amandla amabacterium asebenza ezindaweni zokuhlela ukungcola ukuze kuncishiswe ukungcola kwamanzi angcolile namanzi angcolile. Ngaphansi kwempendulo, amadolobha ngokuvamile amukela imithetho ebuyisela indawo ezizungezile ezonakele. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Sayseatts’s [FLTY:2]] i-Cutrutherhamter Infrature Planture Plan[[ i-octedrial enzicess zomfos ze-Pult. Idolobha manje lidinga zonke intuthuko ukuze lilungise i-ingentrayworms ezisetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezihlukene.

I- ye-Eupan Union igunyaza ukuba wonke amanzi angaphezulu afinyelele “ukuma okuhle kwendawo ezungezile.” Lenkambiso iye yashukumisela amazwe ukuba athathe amadamu, aphinde abuye abuye abuye abuye abuye abuye avuselele ama-flampression ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. ECopenhagen, eDenmark, uhlelo lwesimo sezulu oluzinzile luhlanganisa izinhloso zamanzi ngokulungisa ipaki, akha ulwelwe olune olusekela ama-eblae eeans nezinyoni ngesikhathi sokulawula iziphepho.

3. Isifunda Semvula Nesiyisivikelo SaseRiparian

Izindawo ezihlala imvelo ziyizinso zemvelo, ukuhluza izinto ezingcolisayo nokunikeza indawo yokuhlala ebucayi. Nokho izindawo ezingamadolobha ziyaqhubeka zikhiqizwa noma zigcwaliswe ukuze zithuthuke. Izimiso eziqinile ezikhetha izindawo ezakhiweyo [ ezindaweni ezishisayo, zidinga izithiyo emifuleni, futhi i-incentivigate wetland ibalulekile. Amanye amadolobha, njenga [[FLT:] Austin, Texas[FLT], [[FLT:]], adala [[FLT:]] Izindawo ezithambileyomfucuthule, futhi andisa izinhlobonhlobo zezilwane. [izinhlobo ezingezinye izinhlobonhlobo] [FLT] [5] ezingekho thui eziseduze nezindawo]

Ngokufanayo, i-curban ye-witland junigation banki inqubo idinga abakhi ababhidlizi ababhubhisa i-metland ukuze balungise noma bakhe indawo ezungezile ezungezile ezungezile. Nakuba impikiswano ingaba ikhona uma indawo ezungezile esendaweni ezungezile ezungezile esendaweni ezungezile, izinhlelo zokubuyisela i-micu ehlelekile ziye zaholela ekubuyiselweni kwamahektare ayizinkulungwane amaxhaphothime angcolile emadolobheni anjenge CICAG kanye ne [FLT] i-Litos Angeles [[FL:5]].

4. Ukuphinda Kuhlaselwe Amahlathi Ezindaweni Ezinamanzi

Umphetho wemithi ufeza indima enkulu ekuqondiseni amanzi emadolobheni. Amakhefu avimbela imvula, izimpande zidonsa umswakama futhi ziqinise inhlabathi, futhi athoba izinga lokushisa kwamanzi — elibaluleke kakhulu kwinhlanzi yamanzi abandayo njenge-traut. I-policies ekhuthaza ukukhucululwa kwemithi

  • [[[UMTL:0] Izimiso zokulondolozwa kwesihlahla [ ezivikela izihlahla ezinkulu eduze nemifula.
  • [ Izindawo zokutshala amahlathi zigunyaza izindawo ezintsha ezidinga inani elithile lezihlahla ezitshalwe ku-skwele endaweni engangenwa yilutho.
  • Ingxenye yemikhumbi engenisa inzuzo ukutshala izinkulungwane zezihlahla ezigudle imifula yasedolobheni.

I- I-NYC Inyathelo lokuqala le-Million Treat, kuyilapho ekuqaleni kwakuhloselwe ukuthuthukisa izinga lomoya nokunciphiswa kokushisa, kwaveza nezinzuzo zamanzi abangelwa yisiphepho. Izimiso zomuzi zaqondisa ukutshala ezindaweni ezigudle umphetho ophansi naseduze kwamapayipisi, kucwelelwa amathayitha ayizigidi eziyikhulu aphumayo minyaka yonke. Izihlahla eziningi zatshalwa emapakini ngaseBronx nasemifuleni i-Harlem, ukuvuselelwa kwendawo yezindawo zasempumalanga yokhuni-pewee, izimvemvala zenkosi, namabhange.

Ukuhlola Icala: Izenzo Zezikhulu Zokuziphatha Emhlabeni Wonke

Izibonelo zangempela zezwe zibonisa indlela izimiso zamanzi ahlangene asedolobheni ezidala ngayo ukubuyiselwa okubonakalayo kwezinto eziphilayo nendawo yazo ezungezile. Ngezansi kunamadolobha amathathu afinyelele imiphumela ephawulekayo.

ISingapore: Isimiso Samanzi E - ABC

Isimiso se-Singapore sidinga zonke izinhlelo ezintsha zokuhlanganisa ukuvunwa kwamanzi kanye nokuvinjelwa okuhlanzekile, futhi kuguqulela imisele yamanzi akhona emfuleni. Eshumini leminyaka elidlule, ama-ABC Amanzi avuselelwe ezindaweni ezibandayo, awemvelo. Izimiso zesimiso zidinga intuthuko entsha ukuze kuhlanganiswe ukuvunwa kwemvula nokugcinwa kwayo, kuyilapho kusetshenziswa futhi imisele ekhona ezindaweni zokuhlala. [F4] [F][5] [5] [5] [F] [F], kubonisa ukuthi ukubuyiselwa kwemifula ehlala khona manje kuhlala emadolobheni.[5] [F] [5] [F] [F]

Portland, Oregon: Green Street and the Waters Health

Uhlelo lwePortland Luyisibonelo sezwe lonke sokusebenzisa isimiso sokubuyisela impompo yasemadolobheni. Umthetho wedolobha ufuna ukuba zonke intuthuko zemigwaqo zihlanganise ukunqanda amasimu ngezivande zemvula — amancane acukunyukile aphuma emgwaqweni. Angaphezu kuka-500 alezi zakhiwo manje asekhona, anezela amahektare angaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu ezindawo ezintsha zokuhlala impompoza-mpost phakathi kwedolobha. Uhlelo luye lwanciphisa indle elihlangene likhukhuleka ngama-90% nangaphaza amanani angokokwenyuswayo [[FLT:] ama-fregn] ama-trattout aphuma emgwaqweni. [[FLT] [FLD:3] eCreg3], ububanzi obuncane boMfula. I-ose-ose-osemfula i-ose.[Flat] futhi i-oglective i-ose.[Foglet projectivesssssssss proant

Belo Horiyonte, Brazil: Ukuphathwa Kwamanzi Angenamsoco

Kunyaka owenziwe idolobha embulungeni yonke ngaseningizimu, iBelo Horionete iye yasungula izimiso ezihlanganisa ukubuyiselwa kwamanzi ehlathini. I-Progressivative Water Policy (Política Municipal de Sanemento) [ ifuna abathuthukisi bemali yokukhokha imali yokubuyisela amanzi amanzi edolobheni. Lokhu kuye kwaphumela ekuvuselweni kwe-Atlantic Forty eFotal eGrings edingss efulls. Inqubo futhi inikeza usizo lwezobuchwepheshe ekuvuleni amanzi ezindaweni ezingenisa amanzi aphansi, ukunciphisa amanzi agelezayo futhi athuthukisa amanzi. Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi manje kubuyiselwe izihlahla ezisendleni ezisezinhlobo ezingu-1, kuhlanganise nezingu-Foterrust [5] [5] [5]

Indima Yezikhungo Zamanzi Anesiphepho Nemishini Ekhokhelwayo

Ayikho inqubo ekhona ngenhla engasebenza ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imali. Amadolobha amaningi athathe intela yenzuzo yamanzi [[FLT: 1] ekhokhisa abanikazi bempahla ngokusekelwe ekutheni indawo engangeni ndawo abahlala kuyo idala kangakanani. Lemali iveza imifudlana enikezelweyo yemisebenzi yokubuyisela indalo. Shynton, D.C., uhlelo lwe-MurlySmart lunikeza izinsoo zezindawo zamakhaya ezifaka amasimu, uphahla oluluhlaza, namaqula, okuncishiswa yimali yesiphepho. Uhlelo lubuyiselwe ngamahektare angama-30 ezindawo ezihlala ngaphesheya kwezwe [FLT:] [FLD] [FFFF]

Enye izimali ezintsha zihlanganisa ukuthenga ngesikweleti samanzi, lapho abakhi bengathenga khona izikweleti kubanikazi ababuyisela izindawo ezingamaxhaphozi noma izikhawu zezitshalo. Lendlela esekelwe emakethe yaqala khona i-Baltimore County, Maryland, lapho imakethe ebekweyo ikhokhele ukubuyiselwa kwamahektare angaphezu kuka 500 emvula ekhuhlakele ngesikhathi isavumela intuthuko. Lezimiso zezentengiselwano zihlanganisa izisusa zezomnotho nemiphumela yendalo, ziqinisekisa ukuthi ukubuyiselwa kwemvelo akufuneki ukuba kube yizindleko zomphakathi ngokwezimali. — Ingakho inzuzo yezemali.

Ukunqoba Izinselele: Intando Yezombangazwe, Ukuvumelana Nokungakhethi

Naphezu kwezinzuzo ezivunyiwe, ukusebenzisa izimiso zokuguqula imvelo kubhekene nezithiyo zangempela. Izimiso ezikhubazayo zivame ukukhonjwa, kodwa njengezibonelo ezingenhla, izindleko zamanzi anesiphepho kanye nezindlela zokuhweba zingakuxazulula lokhu. Izinselele eziningi ezingalawuleki zihlanganisa:

  • [ Ukwehlukana okulawulayo: izinga lamanzi, ukusetshenziswa kwendawo, neminyango yamapaki ivame ukusebenza eSilos. Izimiso ezihlangeneyo zidinga ukuhlelwa komzimba noma amandla aphakathi. Amanye amadolobha, njenga i-Los Angeles[, ikhile inqubo eqeshiwe ephethe [[[FLT:]]] i-water ephethe i-galelo.[[]
  • Ukumelana nesisekelo esiluhlaza: Abanye abahlala khona bakhathazeka ngokuthi izingadi zemvula azibukeki noma ziyazala omiyane. Izinhlelo zokukhipha eziphumelelayo — njenge-Portland’s “amatheko okutshala” — zibonisa ukuthi izakhiwo eziqinile eziluhlaza zikhanga futhi empeleni zinciphisa indawo yokuhlala yomiyane ngokususa amanzi amile (amanzi azungezwa phakathi namahora angu-24).
  • Izinkinga ezithe ngqo: ngokomlando, izindawo ezicebile zathola izimali eziluhlaza kakhulu. I-Pricies kumele ibeke izakhiwo ezingcono kakhulu emiphakathini egciniwe ehlushwa izikhukhula nokuntuleka kwepaki. Luhlaza oluthi alunakho oluyi-Equalic Equity Framework[[FLT:] olusetshenziswa yiNew York City kuqinisekisa ukuthi amazungezwana anengozi enkulu yamanzi nezihlahla eziphansi athola indlela yokuqala yokuxhasa i-Stockwales.
  • Ukungaqiniseki okungaqiniseki: Ukuhlela izimiso zokuhlela imiklamo yemvula yesikhathi esizayo kunzima. Umkhuba ongcono kakhulu uwukwamukela izindinganiso ezivumelanayo ezivumela ukulawulwa kwezimiso zemvelo, njengokudinga ukuba izimiso zesakhiwo eziluhlaza zibhekane nesenzakalo sesiphethu se-95 percentile, ngokuphinde zibuye zibuye zingene.

Ukuthembisana komphakathi kuwuphawu oluhlanganisa zonke izinqubo eziphumelelayo. Amadolobha angenisa izenzakalo zesihlahla i-attury board , abambe asayine ama-hirepes[ emisebenzi yepaki, futhi anikeze izitimela zesihlahla se-voluverteer [[FLT] i-lunteer ezakha ukusekela komphakathi okudingekayo ukuze kuxhaswe izimali nomfutho wezombangazwe. Isibonelo, [[FLT:] Mwaubee] uhlelo lwe-Fortgards [FLT] [FLD] [FLT]] iziti ezingenisa izindawo ezingeniselwe futhi zigcine amapulani emvula, lapho kulungiswa khona imisebenzi ezindaweni ezingamashumi eminyaka.

Ukuthutha Umthetho Wamanzi Ngemigomo Yokuzigcina Ebanzi Esemadolobheni

Isimiso sokulungisa inqubo yamanzi asenzeki ngokuzihlukanisa. Amadolobha aphumelela kakhulu athuthukisa lemizamo phakathi yokuhlela, amasu ezinhlobonhlobo, kanye namasu empilo yomphakathi. Izinhlelo zokulungisa i-. Izimiso ezidala amaphasishi aluhlaza abangela ukushisa kweqhwa edolobheni zinciphisa imiphumela yesiqhingi, zithuthukisa impilo yengqondo ngokufinyelela emvelweni, kanye ne-sequester carbon enhlabathini nasemithini. Vancuver, Canada, inecebo lokulungisa idolobha [FLT:] [FLT] i-rain i-octivesting City [[FLD:][FLD] [FLD]] ihlanganisa ukufinyelela imvelo, kanye ne-meosekuglomesssss, ngokuphatha idolome elingu-200%, futhi i-evitived projectivessssssssss" i-d ye-olltiveri

Ngokufanayo, i- World Bank’s City Resilience Program abasekeli bamakhambi okusekelwe ekuhleleni amanzi ekulawuleni amadolobha, inikeza isiqondiso sobuchwepheshe sokuhlela i-co-benoficity njengesivikelo sesikhukhula, izinga lamanzi, nenzuzo yezinhlobonhlobo () [World Bank). Abenzi bemithetho bangasebenzisa amathuluzi anjenge i-Nature Actals[FLD[FLD:7] [ult:]] [indawo yokusekela izakhiwo ze-NBS] ukuveza inzuzo edluliselwe amadolobha abo.

Isiphetho: Kusukela Enqubweni Yesimiso Kuya Emanzini Okuhlala

Izimiso zamanzi zasedolobheni azizona nje ngamapayipi nezindawo zokwelapha izitshalo ezinamanzi — zingamathuluzi okuphulukisa imvelo ewohlokile. Uma amadolobha enikezela ngezakhiwo eziluhlaza, evikela izindawo ezingamaxhaphozi, ephoqelela isilinganiso samanzi anele, futhi eqoqa intela yokulungisa ngokunikezela, aguqula indawo ezungezile yasedolobheni ibe yindawo exubile yamanzi aphilayo. Izinhlanzi zibuyela emifuleni eyake yahlala ingenalutho. Izinyoni zibuyela ezidlekeni ezidla imvula emigwaqweqweni ematasa. Izinyoni zisendleni engcolisa indle kuyilapho zinikeza iziphephela emhlabeni. Futhi izakhamuzi zizuza umoya ohlanzekile, ihlobo elipholile, nezindawo ezihlangene ukuze zixhumane nemvelo.

Indlela engaphambili idinga isibindi sezombangazwe, ukubambisana okunganqamuki, nokugcinwa kwemali. Kodwa ubufakazi bucacile: wonke amadollar asetshenziselwa ukubuyisela izimiso zokubuyisela imvelo ezindaweni ezizungezile abuya kangango-amaRandi amaningi ezinhlekelele ezigwenyiwe, engcono, futhi alondolozwe izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Amadolobha asebenzisa lezi zinqubo namuhla ayoba awekho achumayo emvelweni yemvelo, ngokwezomnotho, nangokwezenhlalo emashumini eminyaka ezayo. Amanzi angena emigwaqweni yethu awalahlwa — ayizinto ezingalungiseki. Izimiso zamanzi zasemadolobheni ahlakaniphile zenza lokho kusebenze.