Ukuqonda Indima Yesimiso Sokwahlulela Ekuphoqelweni Komthetho

Isimiso sokwahlulela sisebenza njengesisekelo sokuphoqelelwa komthetho kunoma yimuphi umphakathi wentando yeningi. Uma imithetho imiswa yizishaya-mthetho, kuwela ezinkantolo ukuchaza leyo mithetho, ukuxazulula izingxabano, nokuqinisekisa ukuvumelana ngezinqumo ezibophayo. Ngaphandle kwemithetho ebhaliwe, imithetho esebenzayo ayinakuba nesisindo, futhi izakhamuzi azinakukwazi ukufuna ubulungisa noma ukwenza abenzi bobubi bahlulele. Lesihloko sinikeza ukuwohloka okulandelanayo kwendlela isimiso sokwahlulela esimisa ngayo imithetho, kusukela ngalesosikhathi ukube ukuphikisana okungokomthetho kuvela ngomthetho womthetho womthetho wokugcina umthetho, kuhlanganisa zonke izigaba ezibucayi endleleni.

Ukuqonda le nqubo akuyona nje kuphela indaba yochwepheshe bezomthetho kodwa nakunoma ubani ongase afune ukuthatha inqubo yekhodi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumnini webhizinisi obhekene nempikiswano, isisebenzi esifuna umonakalo ngokuphulwa kwamalungelo omphakathi, noma isakhamuzi esikhathazekile ngokuphulwa kwamalungelo omphakathi, isimiso sokwahlulela sinikeza indlela ehleliwe yokuxazulula izingxabano. Ngokuhlola isigaba ngasinye ngokuningiliziwe, uyothola ukuqonda okuwusizo ngendlela umthetho osebenza ngayo ngaphakathi enkantolo nangaphandle.

Izakhiwo Zesimiso Sokwahlulela

Ngaphambi kokuba ungene enqubweni yokuqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo yokugcinwa kwemithetho iyasebenza, kubalulekile ukuqonda izakhiwo i - jaji elisebenza kuzo. Isimiso sokwahlulela e - United States, kanye nezindawo eziningi ezivamile ezilawula umthetho, kulandela isibonelo sezikhulu eziklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukungaguquguquki, ukungaguquguquki, nethuba lokubukeza.

Federal v. Izimiso zeNkantolo yoMbuso

I-U.S. iphethe inkantolo ehlukene, okusho ukuthi kukhona izinkantolo ezihlukene zikahulumeni nohulumeni. Izinkantolo zamaFederal zisingatha amacala ahilela umthetho kahulumeni, imibuzo engokomthetho-mthetho, izimpikiswano phakathi kwezifundazwe, nezinye izindaba lapho uhulumeni uyingxenye yeqembu. Izinkantolo zoMbuso zisingatha amacala amaningi, kuhlanganise namacala obugebengu, umthetho womkhaya, izimpikiswano zesivumelwano, nokulimaza komuntu siqu. Isimiso ngasinye sinezikhundla zaso eziphethe izinkantolo, izinkantolo zesinqumo, nenkantolo yokugcina (iNkantolo Ephakeme yase-U.S. enkantolo ephakeme kakhulu yesifundazweni futhi inkantolo ephakeme yesifundazwe esiphethe isifundazwe).

Abahlaziyi Bamankantolo Abathathu

Phakathi kwesimiso ngasinye, izinkantolo zihlelwe zaba izitezi ezintathu eziyisisekelo:

  • [[QURT:0] Izinkantolo ze-Trial — zibizwa futhi ngokuthi izinkantolo zesifunda noma izinkantolo eziphakeme, lezi ziyindawo lapho amacala aqala khona. Ubufakazi bunikezwa, ufakazi, kanye namajaji (noma amajaji ekuqulweni kwebhentshi) anikeza izinqumo.
  • [ Izinkantolo ze-Appelta — Lezinkantolo eziphakathi zihlola izinqumo ezivela ezinkantolo zamacala lapho iqembu liveza iphutha elingokomthetho. Azibutholi ubufakazi obuphinde buhlolwe kodwa zihlola umbhalo wecala uma amaphutha esebenzisa umthetho.
  • Izinkantolo ze- — inkantolo ephakeme kakhulu esimisweni ngasinye, elalela izikhalo ezivela ezinkantolo ezithatha isigwebo. Lezinkantolo zivame ukunquma, kusho ukuthi zikhetha amacala okuzwa asekelwe ekubalulekeni kwazo emthethweni njengeqembu.

Lesi sakhiwo esinezinhlu siqinisekisa ukuthi amaphutha angalungiswa futhi izimiso zomthetho zihlale zivumelana kuzo zonke izindaba. Iwebhusayithi yeNkantolo yase-U.S. inikeza ukucaciswa okungokomthetho kwendlela lesi sakhiwo esisebenza ngayo kuhulumeni.

Ukuthuthukisa Intuthuko Engokomthetho

Ukuqonda indlela lenqubo esebenza ngayo kubalulekile ngoba amaphutha abangelwa yilokho okushiwoyo kuleli qophelo angaphazamisa lonke icala ngaphambi kokuba lifinyelele umahluleli.

Ukukhononda Noma Ukunxusa

Isinyathelo sokuqala kunoma iliphi icala lomphakathi ukuqubuka kwecala lomphakathi. Lesisikhalo kumelwe sibekwe enkantolo efanelekile, okuxhomeke ezicini ezinjengendaba engokomthetho (inkantolo inegunya kuloluhlobo lwecala,) futhi ichaze ukukhokha okufunwayo, ukuthi izindleko zemali, umthetho, noma isahlulelo sokulahla. Isikhalo kumelwe sibekwe ezinkantolo ezifanele, okuxhomeke ezicini ezifana nezindaba ezingokomthetho (ikhona inkantolo inegunya kuloluhlobo lwecala?) kanye nesinqumo somuntu siqu (ikhona yini inkantolo inegunya phezu kommangalelwa?).

Ukukhononda okususwe kahle kuhlanganisa izici eziningana ezibalulekile:

  • Izindawo ezihlanganisa [ — Ukukhombisa i-plattiff(s) nommangalelwa
  • Juridiction — Amazwi achaza ukuthi kungani lenkantolo ethile inegunya lokulalela icala
  • Amaqiniso endaba [ — Ukulandisa okucacile, okulandelanayo kwezenzakalo okubangela impikiswano
  • [[QURT:0] I-Legal isho[[[QURT:1]] — Izimiso eziqondile noma izimfundiso zomthetho ezivamile okufunwa kuzo ukukhululeka
  • [ Umthandazo wosizo — lokho umkhangisi afuna ukuba inkantolo ikuyale

Inkonzo yenhlelo

Lapho isikhalo sesiquliwe, inkantolo ikhipha izimemezelo, futhi ummangalelwa kumelwe ahlele ukuba izicelo nokukhononda kudluliselwe kummangalelwa. Lesi sinyathelo, esaziwa njengenkonzo yenqubo, siqinisekisa ukuthi ummangalelwa uthola isaziso esingokomthetho samacala futhi unethuba lokuphendula. Inkonzo kumelwe ihambisane nemithetho eqinile, ngokuvamile idinga ukuthunyelwa komuntu siqu noma iposi egunyaziwe. Ukuhluleka ukukhonza ngokufanele ummangalelwa kungaphumela ekuxoshweni kwecala.

Khona - ke ummangalelwa unesikhathi esilinganiselwe (izinsuku ezingu-21 kuya kwezingu-30) sokubhala impendulo, ephendula kumangalelwa ngakunye ekukhonondeni futhi ingaphakamisa ukuzivikela noma iphikise. Uma ummangalelwa ehluleka ukuphendula, ummangalelwa angacela isahlulelo esiphelele, awine ngokuphumelelayo icala ngaphandle kokuqulwa kwecala.

Izindlela Zokuthatha Iminyaka Emide

Phakathi kokuncenga kokuqala nokuqulwa kwecala ngokwako, kuba khona umsebenzi omningi. Izinqubo zangaphambi komthetho ziklanyelwe ukuvala izimpikiswano, ukushintshisana kokwaziswa, futhi kungaxazululwa ngaphandle kwesidingo sokulingwa ngokugcwele.

Ukutholakala: Ukushintshana Kolwazi

Ukuthola isikhathi esiningi sokuthola izinto kuyisimo esibiza kakhulu sobufakazi, kodwa futhi kungenye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu. Phakathi nokutholaka, bobabili baqoqa ubufakazi komunye nomunye nakubantu besithathu ukuze bakhe izindaba zabo. Isizathu sicacile: ukuqulwa kovivinyo kufanele kunqunywe ngezimfanelo, hhayi ngobufakazi obumangalisayo noma ukwaziswa okufihliwe. Imithetho yezwe efana naleyo inikeza uhlelo lokuthola izinto, okuhlanganisa amathuluzi amaningana:

  • [ Izinqumo [ — imibuzo elotshiwe omunye umuntu ayithumela komunye, okumelwe iphendulwe ngaphansi kwesifungo. Lezi ziwusizo ekutholeni ukwaziswa okuyisisekelo nofakazi abahlukanisayo.
  • [ Izimo[ — Umbuzo owenziwe ngokunye ufakazi noma iqembu, owenziwa ngaphansi kwesifungo nentatheli yasenkantolo ekhona. Izimvume zivumela abameli ukuba bahlole ukuthembeka nokhiye kofakazi.
  • Izicelo ze production — izicelo zezincwadi, ama-imeyili, izivumelwano, amarekhodi ezokwelapha, noma obunye ubufakazi obuphathekayo obuthinta icala.
  • Izicelo ze-Active — izisho omunye acela omunye ukuba avume noma aphike, ezingavala ukuqulwa kovivinyo ngokususa amaqiniso angaphikiswanga.

Isilinganiso sokuthola into sibanzi; amaqembu angathola ukutholakala ngokuphathelene nento engavunyelwe evumelana nokusho noma ukuzivikela kombaleki. Nokho, izinkantolo zingalinganisela ukutholwa uma kunqwabelana ngokungenangqondo, ukwenza amakhophi, noma ukutholakala emthonjeni ongcono kakhulu. I-Cornell Legin Information Institute [ inikeza umbhalo ogcwele we-Federal Lave 26, ebusa ukutholwa ezinkantolo zikahulumeni.

Ukuhamba Kwangaphambili

Ngaphambi kokuqulwa kwecala, bobabili bangase bathathe amaphutha becela inkantolo ukuba ithathe izenzo ezithile. Ezinye zezenzo ezivamile zangaphambi kokwahlulela zihlanganisa:

  • Ukukhipha — Ummangalelwa uphikisa ngokuthi ngisho noma zonke izikhalo zommangalelwa ziyiqiniso, ukukhononda kwehluleka ukusho okusemthethweni. Uma kuvunyiwe, icala liphela kuleliqophelo.
  • Motion for Compuple Justice Justice Justice [[[FT:1]] — Kunoma yimuphi umbaba uthi akukho ukuphikisana kwangempela nganoma yiliphi iqiniso eliphathekayo nokuthi banelungelo lokwahlulela njengendaba yomthetho. Lokhu kudinga inkantolo ukuba ihlole ubufakazi, hhayi ukuncenga nje.
  • i-Motion ku- Compel — Uma omunye ehluleka ukuveza izimpendulo zokuthola, omunye angacela inkantolo ukuba ikhiphe ukuthobela, ngezinye izikhathi ngezijeziso.
  • Motion ku-Limine — Isicelo sokukhipha ubufakazi obuthile ekunikezelweni enkantolo, ngokuvamile ngenxa yobandlululo noma ukuvala i-inrelev.

Izindlela zokuthatha ama-athom ngaphambi komthetho zingaxazulula amacala ngokuphumelelayo, zonga isikhathi nengcebo. Nokho, izimo eziningi (olinganisela ukuthi zisikisela ukuthi zingaphezu kuka-95%) zixazululwa ngokuhlaliswa noma ukuxoshwa kwangaphambi kokuqulwa kwecala kunokuba ziyoqulwa icala.

Ukuxazulula Impikiswano Nezimpikiswano Ezihlukile

Izinkantolo zikhuthaza izikhulu ukuba zicabangele ukuqulwa kwecala ngaphambi kokuqulwa kwecala. Izinkantolo eziningi zifuna ukuba amaqembu ahlanganyele ekuquleni icala, lapho icala lesithathu lingaba nethuba lokuxoxa. Ukunqanda ukuthatha icala kungokunye okungasetshenziswa, lapho ummeli ezwa khona ubufakazi futhi ekhipha isinqumo esibophekile ngaphandle kwesimiso senkantolo sesiko. Lezizindlela zingashesha, zinciphe kancane, futhi zingabi yizigebengu, kuyilapho zisafeza isinqumo sokugcina.

Inqubo Yokuqulwa Komthetho

Uma icala lisinda ekuthatheni isigwebo ngaphambi kwenkantolo futhi lingaxazululeki, liqhubeka liqulwa. Icala liwukuhlola ubufakazi obuhleliwe kanye nezimpikiswano phambi kwamajaji noma amajaji, futhi kulandela ukulandelana okuhlelwe kahle.

Ukukhethwa kwe Jury

Ezimweni lapho icala lejaji licelwa khona, isinyathelo sokuqala sikhetha ijaji. Ama-Attorney asohlangothini lombili abuza abajaji abangase bahlolwe phakathi nenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-voir jadad. Umgomo uwukuveza ubandlululo noma izingxabano zesithakazelo ezingavimbela ijaji ukuba lingakhethi. Uhlangothi ngalunye lungasebenzisa izinselele zokuxosha inani elithile lababasizi ngaphandle kokunikeza isizathu, kanye nezinselele zembangela, ezidinga ukuvunyelwa umahluleli.

Ukuvula Izinkulumo

Uma ijaji selihlezi phansi, zombili izinhlangothi zinikeza izinkulumo zokuvula. I-plattiff iyaqala, ichaza lokho ubufakazi obuzokubonisa futhi inikeze umkhohlisi imephu yecala. Ummangalelwa angase anikeze inkulumo yokuvula ngokushesha noma ayigcine kuze kube ngemva kwecala lomphathi. Izinkulumo zokuvula azibonakali; ziyisiboniso salokho uhlangothi ngalunye olulindele ukukufakazela.

Ukuboniswa Kobufakazi

Ingxenye enkulu yecala iwukunikeza ubufakazi. i-paltiff ithwele umthwalo wobufakazi, okusho ukuthi icala layo lifakazelwe ngokubheka ubufakazi (cishe hhayi). Emacalani obugebengu, umshushisi kumelwe abonise ukuthi unecala ngokungenakungatshazwa, indinganiso ephakeme kakhulu.

Ubufakazi bunikezwa ngezindlela eziningana:

  • Ukuhlola [ — Ummeli ubiza ofakazi futhi abuze imibuzo ukuze athole ubufakazi obusekela icala labo
  • Cross-Expatration — Ummeli ophikisayo ubuza ufakazi ukuze abeke inselele ukuthembeka noma adalule ukungavumelani
  • Ukuhlola okuqondile[ — Ummeli wokuqala angabuza ufakazi ukuze acacise amaphuzu aphakanyiswe esiphambanweni
  • [ — amabhukwana, izithombe, izinto ezingokoqobo, nobufakazi bobuchwepheshe bobuchwepheshe bemishini kuyafakwa futhi kuphawulwe njengemibukiso
  • Ubufakazi obungagunyazi — ofakazi abakhethekile banikeza imibono esekelwe ebuchwepheshini babo ezindaweni ezinjengezokwelapha, ubunjiniyela, noma izimali

Phakathi naso sonke isikhathi esisobala, abahluleli bayabusa ngokuphikisa okuphakanyiswa abameli, banqume ukuthi yibuphi ubufakazi abahluleli abangabucabangela.

Amampikiswano Okuvala

Lena ithuba labo lokugcina lokuthonya abasizi bejaji ngokufushanisa ubufakazi, ukuqokomisa amaqiniso ayinhloko, nokuchaza ukuthi kungani umthetho usekela ukuma kwabo. Umfundisi uhamba kuqala futhi angase abeke isikhathi sokuphikisa ngemva kokuphetha kommangalelwa.

Ukufundisa Nenkululeko

Leziqondiso zichaza umthetho osebenzayo, izici okumelwe zivunywe, nezindinganiso abahluleli okumelwe bazisebenzise. Khona - ke amajaji asebenza ngasese, axoxa ngobufakazi futhi azame ukufinyelela isinqumo esivumelanayo ezicabeni zobugebengu. Ezindabeni zomphakathi, ukungalingani okudingekayo kuyahlukahluka ngokwezimiso.

Isiyalo

Uma ijaji selifikile esinqumweni, kumenyezelwa enkantolo esobala. Ecaleni lasebhentshini (emahlulelweni kuphela), ijaji likhipha isinqumo kanye namaqiniso neziphetho zomthetho. Isinqumo sixazulula umbuzo onecala, kodwa icala alipheli ngempela. Uma ummangalelwa ephumelela, kungase kudingeke ezinye izinqumo ukuze kutholakale isilinganiso esiqondile sengozi noma izimfuneko eziqondile zomthetho.

Izindlela Zokuphoqelela Nokuphoqelela Izimoto Zangemva Kwempi

Isinqumo secala siyingqophamlando ebucayi, kodwa asiphumeli ngokuzenzakalelayo. Izinqubo zangemva kwenkantolo ziqinisekisa ukuthi isahlulelo siyakhishwa futhi kulungiswe noma iziphi iziphambeko ezingokomthetho.

Ukuhamba Kwangemva Komsindo

Ngemva kwesinqumo, umphini olahlekelwayo angafaka inqubo yesikhashana yangemva kokuqulwa kwecala ecela umahluleli ukuba abeke eceleni isinqumo noma ahlele ukuba kuqulwe icala elisha. Izenzo ezivamile zihlanganisa:

  • Ukukhetha njengoMdaba woMthetho [ — Ama-Argues ukuthi asikho isisekelo esisobala esingokomthetho esikhona ukuba ijaji elinengqondo litholele iqembu elikhona
  • [[QULT:0] Ukuqulwa kwecala elisha [ — iziphakamiso ezithi amaphutha enqubeni yokuqulwa kwecala, njengemiyalo engafanele yabahluleli noma ukuziphatha okubi, zikhetha umphumela
  • Ukuhlangana ku-Alter noma uku-meta Isahlulelo — izicelo zokuthi inkantolo ishintshe isahlulelo esisekelwe ebufakazini obusanda kutholwa noma ukushintsha umthetho

Inqubo Yokukhanga

Uma inqumbi inqaba ukuthatha izikhawu zangemva kwecala, umkhandlu olahlekile angadlulisa icala enkantolo ephakeme. Ukudluliswa kwecala akulona icala elisha; inkantolo ethatha icala ihlola umlando wokuqulwa kwecala ukuze ithole ukuthi amaphutha angokomthetho ayenzeka yini athinta umphumela. Amaqembu anikeza izimpikiswano ezibhaliwe futhi angase anikeze izimpikiswano zomlomo. Inkantolo ingasiqinisekisa isinqumo senkantolo secala, isenze sibuye sithathelwe emuva, noma iphinde idlulise icala ngecala eliqhubekayo.

Inqubo yokudlulisa izicelo ingathatha izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka, kodwa ifeza umsebenzi obalulekile: ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umthetho usetshenziswa ngokungaguquguquki nangokulungile. Iwebhusayithi yeNkantolo Ephakeme [ ichaza indlela amacala afinyelela ngayo enkantolo ephakeme kakhulu nokuthi yiziphi izici eziyothinta noma icala lizozwakala.

Ukuphoqelelwa Kwezahlulelo

Ukunqoba isahlulelo kuyingxenye yempi; lowo okhona kumelwe aqoqe lokho okukweletwayo. Uma lowo olahlekelwayo engavumelani ngokuzithandela, inkantolo ingagunyaza izenzo zokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwamaphoyisa, kuhlanganise nalezi:

  • Imali efakwayo — Ingxenye yomholo wobolekwayo igodlwa umqashi wabo futhi ikhokhwa umkweletu
  • I-akhawunti yelungu le-Levy — izimali zithathwa ngokuqondile kuma-akhawunti obolekisi
  • [ Izentengiselwano [ — Icala libekwa esabelweni somhlaba nendawo, kuvinjelwe ukuthengiswa kuze kusuthiswe isikweletu
  • Ukukhohliswa kweNkantolo — Uma isahlulelo sidinga izenzo ezithile (njengokuguqula izincwadi noma ukuyeka isicefe), inkantolo ingamdelela umuntu ongayifuni, iholele ekukhokheni noma ngisho nasekuboshweni

Ezinkantolo zobugebengu, ukuphoqelelwa kwamaphoyisa kuhilela igatsha eliphethe. Inkantolo igweba ummangalelwa ejele, ekuhlolweni, noma emahlawulweni, kanye nasemaqulwini aqinisekisa umthetho afeza lezo zigwebo. ihhovisi le program yeJaji linikeza izimali zokuthi iziyalezo zenkantolo ziphoqelelwe kanjani emacaleni obugebengu.

Ukubukezwa Kokwahlulela Nokuphoqelelwa Komthetho - sisekelo

Ngaphandle kwecala ngalinye, isimiso sokwahlulela sifeza indima enkulu ekuqinisekiseni imithetho ngamandla okuhlola kokwahlulela. Lamandla, asungulwe ecaleni eliphawulayo Marbury v. Madison (103] [183]), avumela izinkantolo ukuba ziwise imithetho ephula umthetho. Uma inkantolo imemezela umthetho ongagunyazi umthetho, lowo mthetho uba ongagunyazi.

Ukubukezwa kokwahlulela kusebenza njenge-search mayelana namandla omthetho nawabaphathi, iqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amagatsha kahulumeni asebenza phakathi kwemingcele engokomthetho-mthetho. Le misebenzi ibaluleke kakhulu ezimweni ezihilela amalungelo ayisisekelo, njengokukhuluma ngenkululeko yokukhuluma, isivikelo esifanayo, nenqubo efanele. Izakhamuzi nezinhlangano zingabekela imithetho ezikholelwa ukuthi ayivumelani nemithetho, futhi izinkantolo zinikeza igama lokugcina.

Amasheke Nokulinganisela: Ingoma Engaphakathi Kuhulumeni

Ijaji alisebenzi endaweni engenalutho. Liyigatsha elilodwa lesimiso se-ratarte eliklanyelwe ukusakaza amandla nokuvimbela noma iliphi igatsha ukuba libe namandla kakhulu. Igatsha lemithetho lidala imithetho, igatsha eliphethe liyiphoqelela, futhi igatsha lokwahlulela liyayichaza. Nokho, i-interlive ichazwa kangcono:

  • Umqondisi omisa amajaji kahulumeni (enezinsika ezigunyazwayo), enikeza umongameli ithonya engomeni yamajaji
  • ISishaya - mthetho singaphazamisa futhi sisuse amajaji kahulumeni ngenxa yokuziphatha okubi
  • Imithetho engokomthetho ingashintsha futhi uma izinkantolo ziyichaza ngezindlela eziphikisana nenhloso yokushaya umthetho
  • Igatsha eliphethe linomthwalo wemfanelo wokumisa iziyalezo zenkantolo, okusho ukuthi ijaji lixhomeke kumphathi ukuze afeze izinqumo zalo

Lesimiso sokuhlola nokulinganisela siqinisekisa ukuthi abahluleli bahlala bezimele ekwenzeni izinqumo kuyilapho behlala belandisa ngezinqubo zentando yeningi.

Izinselele Nezinguquko Esimisweni Sokwahlulela Sanamuhla

Asikho isimiso esiphelele, futhi isimiso sokwahlulela sibhekene nezinselele eziqhubekayo ezithinta ikhono laso lokuphoqelela imithetho ngokuphumelelayo.

Izenzakalo Zecala Nezikhathi Zokulibala

Izinkantolo kulo lonke izwe zibhekene nenqwaba yamacala, okuholela ekubambezeleni okukhulu ekuqulweni kwecala nasekudluliseleni izikhalo. Kwezinye izindawo, amacala omphakathi angathatha iminyaka ukufinyelela icala. Lokhu kululaza isimiso sokuthi ubulungisa bephumile ukwenziwa ngokulunga, njengoba izinkumbulo zofakazi ziphela, ubufakazi buyawohloka, futhi amaqembu abhekana nokungaqiniseki okuqhubekayo.

Ukufinyelela Ekulungeni

Ukumelelwa okungokomthetho kuyabiza, futhi abantu abaningi abanamali yokukhokhela ummeli ezindabeni zomphakathi. Nakuba abamangalelwa benecala benelungelo lokwelulekwa, abamangalelwa bavame ukusebenzisa isimiso ngokwabo, bababeke engozini abamelene nabaphikisi abangcono. Izinhlangano zosizo ezingokomthetho nezinhlelo ze-prono zisiza ekusizeni leligebe, kodwa bafuna izikhala ezingaphezulu kakhulu.

Ubuchwepheshe Nendlela Yokusebenza Kwanamuhla

Izinkantolo eziningi zamukela ubuchwepheshe ukuze zithuthukise inqubo ephumelelayo, kuhlanganise nemishini yokuhlela ama - computer, ukuqulwa kwecala kanye nezinqumo zesinqumo se - Internet. Lezi zinqubo zinganciphisa izindleko futhi zenza isimiso sitholakale kalula, kodwa ziphakamisa nemibuzo ngenqubo efanele nokufinyelela okulinganayo kulabo abangenakho ukuxhumana okunokwethenjelwa kuyi - Internet.

Isiphetho

Isimiso sokwahlulela singaphezu kakhulu kweqoqo lenkantolo namajaji. Yinqubo eshukumisayo, eneziteji eziningi eguqula imithetho ebhaliwe ibe imiphumela ephoqelelwe. Kusukela ekuququlweni kokuqala kwecala ngokuthola, ukuqulwa kwecala, ukudluliswa, nokugcinwa kwemithetho, isigaba ngasinye sifeza injongo ekhethekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izingxabano zixazululiwe ngokulunga nokuthi umthetho usekelwe.

Kubantu besizwe, ukuqonda le nqubo kubanika amandla okuvikela amalungelo abo, ukubheka izinselele ezingokomthetho, nokugcina abenzi bokubi benecala. Umphakathi ugcwele ukuthi ikomiti ephumelelayo nezimele ingenye yezindlela ezinamandla kakhulu zokuvikela amandla onyantisana nokungabi namthetho. Ngokugcina ubuqotho benyathelo ngalinye ekuphoqeleleni umthetho, isimiso sokwahlulela sifeza indima yaso ebalulekile ekulondolozeni ukuhleleka, ekukhipheni ubulungisa, nasekulondolozeni ukuthembela komphakathi emthethweni.