Isingeniso: Isivumelwano Esihle NgoLwesihlanu Nendlela Eya Ekuthuleni

I-Good Wearth Agreement, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi i-Belfast Recovement, yasayinwa ngo-10 April 1998, okwaphawula isikhathi esibalulekile emlandweni we-Northern Ireland. Yaphela iminyaka engamashumi amathathu yempi enobudlova eyaziwa ngokuthi iziNkingo, eyabulala abantu abangaphezu kuka - 3 600 futhi yashiya amanxeba ajulile. Isivumelwano siwukuthula okugcwele okuhlanganisa izindaba zomthetho, amalungelo abantu, ukwahlulela, ukwahlulela, nokukhulula iziboshwa zempi. Phakathi kwezindawo zayo ezibucayi nezibucayi kakhulu ziwukuhlelelwa kwezikhali kanye nokunqanda impi. Lezi zihlela zaziklanyelwe ukususa amathuluzi angokomzimba obudlova nokwakha indawo elondekile edingekayo ukuze izinhlangano zezombangazwe ziqale ukusebenza futhi ziqale ukuthembana. Ngaphandle kwentuthuko ethembekile ekukhipheni izikhali futhi zinciphe inqubo yombuso wempi, yonke inqubo yokuvikela imfuneko yokuhlola inqubo edingekayo ekuthuthweni kwezimiso zeze i-Erre, futhi izinhlelo ze-Estrie, ezimisiwe, eziwunyakaza enzisiwe, futhi zikhona ezinziswa izinhlelo zeze zeze zeze ze

Amalungiselelo Okulahlekelwa Izikhali Esivumelwaneni

Umbhalo we-Good Wearvey Agreement ngokuqondisisa ufuna wonke amaqembu ukuba asebenzise "noma iliphi ithonya angase abe nalo" ukuze afinyelele ukukhishwa kwezikhali zezempi phakathi neminyaka emibili ye-mesendium yokugunyaza isivumelwano. Lesi sivumelwano safakwa engxenyeni ethi "I-Decominging" (Anex A of the Recommentation) futhi ihlanganiswe ngokuqondile nokumiswa kwezinhlangano zezombangazwe ezihlukene. Ohulumeni base-Irish kanye ne-British bavumelana ngokuthi ukuthulwa kwaba ingxenye ebalulekile yalenqubo. Ukulawula ukubhujiswa kwezikhali, i-Entependentssion International Commission on Decomingling (ICD) ekhona. Kwamiswa ngokuqondile. Ucingo lwe-Canada General John de Chastein, i-Creain ehlangeneyo i-United States ne-Finland. I-I-IVVrediom, i-od ngokomthetho othembekile wombuso wagunyaza i-hulumeni wonke wagunyaza inguquko engokomthetho wezombangazwe.

Inqubo Enqamukayo: Izinyathelo Zokwethembana

Inqubo yangempela yokukhipha izikhali yabonakala inzima kakhulu kunezikhathi zokuqala zesikhathi ezithembekile, i-U.N.E. eminyakeni embalwa ngemva kwesivumelwano, iqembu elikhulu kakhulu lebutho lempi, i-Irish Republican Army (IRA), yenqaba ukunikeza noma iziphi izikhali, iphikisa ukuthi iSivumelwano asifuni ezinye izikhali ezingasetshenziswanga. Nokho, inqubo yayisehlela futhi yafihla, futhi ihlangene yabangela ukubonakala okugcwele. Phakathi kuka-20065 no-200, i-1962 i-custom ezindaweni eziningi ze-Tomontry, kodwa i-indementssssss, iMinie ye-IICRCD yaqala lapho ithatha isilinganiso futhi isilinganiso. IMinyaka ka-200 ilandelana izikhali, idla izikhali ezithile zadlula isilinganiso salezi zinqola ezingeni ezisendleni ezisendleni ezisendleni ezisezini ezisezingeni eziningi kakhulu, nakuba lezi zikhona izikhali ezisezingeni eziningi ezisezingeni eziningi kakhulu. Izikhali eziningi zale kanye nezinkulukazini zale kanye nezinkulu zale zi

Izinyathelo Zokungalwi

Ngaphandle kokuncishiswa kwezikhali, i-Good Wearth Reagument yacela izinguquko ezinkulu ekwakheni izakhiwo zezokuphepha eNyakatho Ireland. Ukulwa kwahilela ukuncishiswa kwebutho lezempi laseBrithani, ukuguqulwa kwenqubo yamaphoyisa, nokususwa kokubonakaliswa kokuzivikela okungokomfanekiso nokungokoqobo kokulawula amabutho. Lezi zinyathelo zazihloselwe ukwenza ukuphila okuvamile emiphakathini eyayihlala amasosha ajikelezayo, izindawo zokuhlola, nokuba khona njalo kwebutho. Umgomo wawuwukusuka endleleni yokuvikela esekelwe ekwakheni kwelungelo nasemphakathini okusekelwe ekwakheni umthetho nasebuthweni. Ukulwa kwempi kwakubosheke ngokuqondile emiphakathini ehlangene eyayihlala amaqembu amaqembu aphakeme ezombangazwe: njengamaqembu empi ayesusa izikhali zawo, futhi aqeda ubudlova, isimo sasizoncishiswa ngokuncishiswa kwezikhali zawo.

Ukuncishiswa Kwamabutho Awokulondeka

I-British Army yayibekwe e-Northern Ireland ngo-1969 ekuqaleni kweZimpi zempi, futhi eqophelweni layo eliphakeme, kwamiswa amasosha angaphezu kuka-20 000. Ngaphansi kwe-Good Wearverence, uhulumeni waseBrithani wazibophezela ukunciphisa amazinga ebutho lamasosha nokuqeda inqubo yamasosha ehlala njalo ezindaweni zasedolobheni. Lenqubo ayizange isheshe, kodwa yashesha kakhulu njengoba isimo sokuphepha sathuthuka. Ngo-200, ngemva kokuba i-IRA yaphunyulwa ngokugcwele futhi amandla kahulumeni owembuyise ezindaweni ezivamile, uhulumeni we-UK waqeda ngokusemthethweni umsebenzi iBanner, i- 38-arstern Ireland ne-Ault, futhi i-Aultoce yayisiza kakhulu indikimba yezikhali zempi ezindaweni ezisembulukweni zembutho nezikhululwayo. Izikhulu zamazwe ayenziwa kakhulu i-Embuwa yimpondo yebutho lamaphoyisa ezindaweni ezisembusweni zempi, futhi isikhulu senyuka isikhulu sezwezwe ngezikhathi zezindawo zezindawo zempi, isikhulu sesifundazwe kakhulu sawodwa isikhulu se

Ukususwa Kokufakwa Kwempi

Esinye isici esibonakalayo sokususa impi kwakuyisikhala nokususwa kwamakhulu ezikhungo zempi, izigqebhezana, kanye nezikhungo zokuhlola ezazisuthe indawo, ikakhulukazi emngceleni nasezindaweni zesizwe. Lokhu kufakwa kwakuyizikhumbuzo ezingokoqobo zempi futhi ngokuvamile okwakubangela ukucasuka nokucindezeleka. Uhulumeni waseBrithani waqala uhlelo lokususa noma ukulungisa lezizikhungo. Izibonelo eziphezulu zihlanganisa ukuvalwa kwezisekelo zempi njenge-Abercorn Barrackers eBlykinler, ukususwa kwezinqaba zokuhlola izakhiwo ezibhekene nodonga lokuthula eNtshonalanga Belfast, nokususwa kwezakhiwo zezindawo zokuhlolwa emngceleni. Eziningi zalezizindawo zabusweni zabuyiselwa emphakathini ngenxa yemfundo, intuthuko. Ukukhishwa kwezindawo zempi kwakungekhona ukulondeka okungokoqobo kodwa futhi isilinganiso esiqinile esikhona ekuthulweni kwendlela yokuthula i-Foffregned, futhi kwasetshenziswa ngokusekela kwezikhali zempi eziningi.

Izinselele Nemisebenzi Efeziwe

Ukuncishiswa kwezikhali nokuncishiswa kwesimiso sokulwa ngaphansi kwe-Good Wearth Agreement iye yafinyelela imiphumela emikhulu, engokomlando. Izikhali eziningi ezingekho emthethweni ziye zasuswa, iButho laseBrithani alisaqasheli imigwaqo, futhi amaphoyisa manje angabantu abangameleli. Lokhu kuphumelela kwakubalulekile ekusebenzeni kweNyakatho ye-Ireland neSivumelwano sombuso, nasekulawuleni, nasekwenzeni ukuthula okukhulu okuye kwabonwa ukuthi kuncishisiwe kakhulu ebudloveni bezombangazwe. Umsebenzi we-III CD kanye nokumiswa kwe-Paten Reportssss, manje uyizisebenzi eziphumelelayo ze-oflamsting. Nokho, izinselele zihlala zikhona. Izinkinga ezincane zezezempini emisha, njengoba i-IRA ne-IReal Ira, ikhona futhi ayizange ikwazi ukuqeda izikhali zayo. Nakuba imibuso yemibuso yemibuso yemibuso yemibuso yasendulo nezimpi iphinde ishiye imibuso yemibuso yemibuso yamazwe neyakhe ihluleka ihluleka kakhulu ukuhlasela imibuso. IZimpimpi zezwe isuke iyakwazi ukuhlasela iziphethu, i

Izindaba Zokulondeka Eziqhubekayo

Isilinganiso sosongo esivela kumaRepublic avukelayo sisala "eyeve" (okusho ukuhlasela okungalindelekile) eNyakatho Ireland ngokwe-MI5. Lamaqembu aye ahlasela amaphoyisa nabaphathi basejele ngezikhathi ezithile, kanye nokuhlasela kwamabhomu kanye nokuhlasela okuncane. Ukususwa kwezikhali ezifakwa emfunqweni nasemagunyeni ezweni alwayo kuyaqhubeka kudinga ukusekela okuhlonyiwe nokuhlasela kokuhlakanipha. Ngokufanayo, amabutho athembekile amabutho awazange axoshe ngokuphelele, futhi ahileleke ekukhankanyeni kwezidakamizwa nesibindi kuseyinkinga yomphakathi. Ukususwa kwemifashoni yempi nokuncishiswa kwezikhali nokunganyelwa kwamabutho amasosha akuzange kuqede lezi zinkinga eziqhubekayo, kodwa kwashintsha isimo sawo. Ngokunjalo, amabutho amabutho awazange agxile ekuhleleni kokuhlakanipha nokuhlanganisa umphakathi. Nakuba empini, inguquko inguquko inselele yeze inselele yempi ezindaweni ezisebenza kuyo kodwa i-Ruclugad

Ukuqinisekiswa Nokuqondiswa Kwamazwe Ngamazwe

Impumelelo yokuqeda izikhali nokususa impi yasekelwa ukuhileleka okukhulu kwezizwe zonke. I-ICCD yayiyindikimba eqinile eyayihlanganisa amalungu angaphandle kwe-UK ne-Ireland, iqinisekisa ukuzimela. Izindlela zayo zokuqinisekisa njengokungathi isebenzisa ochwepheshe bempi base-US ukuze babone ukuqedwa kwezikhali nokusebenzisa ubufakazi bokukhipha izikhali. (I-Independent Moniting Commission (IMC), esungulwe ngo-2004 njengengxenye ye-St Andrews Recomment, futhi yafeza indima. I-IMC i-AMC ifeza indima ethile engathi amaqembu amabutho ase-Unithodist ayazinzisa izikhali futhi asebenzise ubufakazi bokususa izikhali, futhi imibiko yayo yasikhathi sonke isiza ukuba agcine amaqembu amaqembu afaka isiqinisekiso senyuknversase, futhi awezwe lonke izwe ukuba avikele imibuso elina. I-194 i-R4, ibone ukumiswa kweminye i-R.

Isiphetho: Ukusekela Ukuthula

Ukuncishiswa kwezikhali nokususwa kwezikhali eziye zafakwa e-Good Frive Agreement kuye kwasiza ekuguquleni i-Northern Ireland ukusuka engxenyeni yempi yentando yeningi ukuba ibe i-demokrase. Ukukhishwa kwezikhali zempi kwasusa izindlela zobudlova obukhulu, kuyilapho ukuncishiswa kwezikhali zesizwe kwasiza ekubuyiseleni ukuthembana phakathi kwemiphakathi yesizwe. Lokhu kushintsha akwenzekanga ngokushesha, futhi inqubo edingwayo edinga ukuqashelwa, ukuqondisa kwezizwe zonke izizwe, nokuzimisela kwazo zonke izinhlangothi ukuba zithathe izingozi zokuthula. Nakuba izinselele ziqhubekela ku-$(crepublican) emfundweni yesikhathi esidlule, izakhiwo eziyisisekelo ze-Adrometic commentss arences azizange zibuyise ukuvikelwa ngokugcwele kwempoqolo yezelo eqinile kodwa zibonise ukuvinjelwe ngokunamandla kakhulu ukuvinjelwa okunokuthula kwempi ezindaweni ezivamile.

Ukuze ufunde okwengeziwe ngamalungiselelo akhethekile, bheka umbhalo ogcwele wesivumelwano sangoLwesihlanu esihle . Ukuhlaziya okungokomlando kwenqubo yokuqeda impomposo kungatholakala ekhonzweni [ le web[. I- Independent International Commission on Decomting's Active provice ikhona [[FLT:] [FLT:] [FLT:]][FLT][5]. Ukuhlolwa okubanzi kwePaten Report noshintsho lwamaphoyisa kunikezwa BB[FLT]]. [FLT] [FLT]]. Ukuhlola inset, [FLT] i-ARGenetic:[5]