Ukuqonda Amaphepha Asemaphepheni Asemoyeni Wanamuhla

Ibhalwe emakhulwini amabili eminyaka adlule ngu-Alexander Hamilton, uJames Madison, noJohn Jay ngaphansi kwegama elibhalelwe ndawonye elithi “Publicas,” amaFederalist Paper aselengomunye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yemibono yezombangazwe yaseMelika. Lezizincwadi ezingu-85 zakhishwa ekuqaleni emaphephandabeni aseNew York phakathi kuka-1787 no-1788 ukuze zinxuse umphakathi ukuba uvume ukuthi u-U.S. uMthetho-sisekelo wamazwe osanda kumiswa. Nakuba umongo wekhulu le-18(16) nezincwadi zawo ze-abhanders, i-quill, nezimpikiswano ezinamandla ngokulinganisa umbuso nombuso we-ohulumeni phakathi kuka-1787 no-88888 zibonakala zikude, izimiso eziyisisekelo ezibekwe kulezindaba zibekwe kakhulu kuhulumeni wase-United States namuhla. Ngokwezimoye-omiphakathi kwezakhamuzi banamuhla, i-Federals ayizinsial ezindaweni eziphambili nje ezisebenza ngohlelo; iziyalezo zezindaba zezombangazwe ezisebenza kakhulu, zingasebenza kakhulu eziwusizo zezombangazwe ezisebenzayo, futhi zisebenza ezisekelwe ezisebuningi zezokubusa

Izindaba ziphendula imibuzo engaphelelwa isikhathi: Ingasakazwa kanjani amandla ukuze kuvinjelwe ubushiqela? Irepublic enkulu nehlukahlukene ingahlala kanjani iqinile? ingaba kanjani izakhamuzi ukuba ziphendule abameleli bazo? Ngokuphinda lemibuzo ngelens yeFederalist Papers, uthola uhlelo lokuhlaziya izindaba zamanje − futhi iyisinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme, umthetho kamongameli, ukuqulwa kweqembu, noma ukuphikisana kwendawo. Imibono ekulezincwadi iyaphila futhi ibalulekile, futhi inikeza amathuluzi anamandla anoma ubani ofuna ukuhlanganyela ngokunenjongo enqubweni yentando yeningi.

Ukuhlukana Kwamandla: Isiqinisekiso Sokulandisa Kukahulumeni

Enye yemiqondo edumile kuyiFederalist Papers ukwahlukana kwamagunya, okuyindawo yokuhlukanisa uhulumeni kahulumeni ube amagatsha amathathu ahlukene: i-pagion (Conren), umphathi (uMongameli nezinhlangano zikahulumeni), kanye neyahlulelo (izinkantolo), lomqondo uhlolisiswe kakhulu [[Foct:0] uNo. 47 kanye [[FONT]] no-No., lapho uJakobe Magnomessss , lapho aphikisa khona ukuthi “ukuhlanganiswa kwawo wonke amandla, umthetho, umlawuli, nomphathi, nojudiary, ezandleni ezifanayo, noma kwenye, noma kwenye, enkulu, noma eminingi, incazelo ekhasaziwayo." Injongo yalethwa kakhulu.[FOctredater No.[5]

Njengesakhamuzi, ukuqonda ukuhlukaniswa kwemibuso kukusiza ukuba uhlaziye izenzo zikahulumeni ngeso eligxeka kakhulu. Uma uMongameli ekhipha umyalo ophethe, ungabuza: Ingabe lomyalo wehlela phakathi kwegunya legatsha eliphethe umthetho-sisekelo, noma ingabe ungena endaweni egcinelwe iKhongolo? Lapho inhlangano kahulumeni ikhipha umthetho, ungase ucabange: Ingabe leli nxusa linegunya elingokomthetho elinikezwe yiKhongolo? Lapho iNkantolo ePhakeme ishaya umthetho, ungabuza: Ingabe iNkanto echaza uMthetho-sisekelo, noma iphula indima yayo? Lena kuyizinhlobo zemibuzo abaFramersestor ababefuna ukuyibuza, futhi bayazi ukuthi ibaluleke ngendlela efanayo namuhla njengoba kwakunjalo ngo-17888.

Ukuze usebenzise lesi simiso, ungasebenzisa:

  • Igatsha elithatha isinyathelo [ ezindabeni ozikhathalelayo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ukhathazekile ngesimiso sokunakekela impilo, qaphela ukuthi lolu shintsho luvela kuKhomishane (ukuhleleka kokubulala) noma umthetho wenhlangano, noma izinkantolo (ukubusa). Igatsha ngalinye linokwehlukana kwemingcele nezihlolo.
  • Landela izindaba ezimpini eziphakathi kwezikhawu, njengalapho uKhongolo luhlola igatsha eliphethe, lapho uMongameli ekhipha incwadi, noma lapho izinkantolo zibusa umthetho-mgaqo womthetho-mthetho. Lezikhathi zingamachashaza lapho ukuhlukana kwemibuso kubonakala kakhulu.
  • Ukuhlanganisa abameleli bakho nemibuzo enolwazi. Kunokuba nje uthi “imali isekelwe kulomthetho,” ungathi“ Lomthetho unganika igatsha elisha eliphetheyo," kungadingeka lawomandla ahlolwe ngokuhlola kokwahlulela?” Abameleli bakho bathambekele kakhulu ekuthatheni ukwaziswa kwakho ngokungathi sína uma ubonisa ukuthi uqonda uhlelo lwemithetho-mthetho-sisekelo.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwemibuso akuyona into engavamile; iphenduka ngokuyichaza nangokuyenza. Ngokuhlanganyela nayo, uba umthengi onokuqonda ngokwengeziwe wokwaziswa okungokombangazwe futhi ube umsekeli ophumelela kakhulu wokubusa ngokulinganisela.

Ukuhlukana Kwamandla Okusebenza: Izibonelo Ezintathu Zezwe Langempela

Ukubona lesi simiso sisebenza namuhla, cabangela izimpikiswano ezintathu zamuva. Okokuqala, impikiswano ngeziqondiso zokufuduka: Omongameli abavela kuzo zombili izigaba baye basebenzisa iziyalezo eziphetheyo ukuze bamise imithetho yokufuduka, kodwa abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi izinguquko ezinkulu kufanele zivele ngomthetho odluliswe yiSishaya-mthetho. Ukuqonda ukuhlukaniswa kwemibuso kukuvumela ukuba ulinganise ukuthi yiluphi uhlangothi olunempikiswano eqinile engokomthetho. Okwesibili, ukusetshenziswa kwemithetho yokushaya umthetho iveto: iSishaya - sisekelo ngezinye izikhathi siye sazama ukudlulisa imithetho evumela ukuba ikhiphe imithetho yezinhlangano zezikhulu, kodwa iNkantolo Ephakeme ibambe la malungiselelo angawenziwa yizimpikiswa yizicimbi ngokomthetho ngenxa yokuthi aphula imithetho kaMongameli yokukhipha imithetho engokomthetho. Okwesithathu, ukulwa kokumiswa kwemithetho engokomthetho kuhilela kokubili amajajinga (ukuhlanganiswa) namagatsha (iqiniswa), kodwa ingxabano phakathi kwawo izimpawu zemithetho ezombangazwe.

Amasheke Nokulinganisela: Ukubeka Amandla Esibopho Sokulandisa

Okuhlobene kakhulu nokuhlukaniswa kwemibuso isimiso sokuhlola nokulinganisela, esinikeza igatsha ngalinye ngamathuluzi akhethekile okulinganisela izenzo zezinye. Amapheshana anikeza ukunakekela okukhulu kulesihloko, ikakhulukazi ku-[Forlist:0]. no-No] . [5] No. U-Madison ubhala ngokudumile ukuthi “isifiso kumelwe siwenziwe ukuba silwe,” okusho ukuthi ukuzithakatha amagatsha ngamanye kungasiza ukugcina amanye ehlola. [[FLT:] futhi [FLT] [FLT] [2] [iv:] no-No. [[FLT] [[FLT] [5:3] [i] [inke].] [[FLT] [i

Kusakhamuzi esivamile, ukuhlola nokulinganisela yizinqubo ezisebenzayo eziqinisekisa ukuthi alikho igatsha elilodwa elingabusa. Ukuqonda indlela lomsebenzi ophenya ngayo kukunika amandla okuba ugcine izikhulu zinecala. Ngokwesibonelo:

  • Lapho uMongameli esayina umthetho ophikisanayo, ungabuza ukuthi iziKhomishane zazinamavoti yini okungathathwa kuwo, nokuthi izinkantolo zingawushaya yini kamuva.
  • Lapho umahluleli kahulumeni ekhipha umyalo ovimbela umthetho ezweni lonke, ungahlola ukuthi izenzo zalowomahluleli zihlolwa yini inkantolo ephakeme noma iSishaya - mthetho.
  • Lapho inhlangano kahulumeni iphamba, ungasekela noma uphikise imizamo yomthetho yokunciphisa imali ewuxhasayo, unciphise igunya layo lokubusa, noma uyibeke ngaphansi kokuqulwa okunzima.

Ungasebenzisa futhi ukuqonda kwakho ukuhlola nokulinganisela ukuze uhlole ukusebenza kwezikhulu ezikhethiwe. Uma ilungu loKhomishane liqhosha ngokuthi “liyinja,” ungabuza ukuthi liyawasebenzisa yini ngempela yini amathuluzi akhona − njengama-subpona, amakomiti, uphenyo, namandla esikhwama semali (ukuhlola igatsha eliphethe. Uma uMongameli efuna amandla amakhulu, ungahlola ukuthi amanye amagatsha ahle kakhulu yini. Isimiso sisebenza kangcono uma izakhamuzi zinikeza ukunakekela futhi zifuna ukuba abameleli bazo basebenzise amashekeshi lapho belahla khona.

Indlela Izakhamuzi Ezingasebenzisa Ngayo Inqubo Yokuqondisa

Esinye isici esivame ukubhekwa esiyisici se-checks kanye nokulinganisela yindima yokuhlanganyela komphakathi ekuqondiseni. Amakomiti amaningi enhlangano amukela ubufakazi basobala, futhi kulindeleke ukuba kukhishwe imithetho ehlongozwayo yokunikeza impendulo yomphakathi. Ngokunikeza iziphetho noma ukufaka ubufakazi ekuqulweni kwamacala, ungafaka umbono wakho esimisweni. Lokhu kuwukusebenza okuqondile kwesimiso sikaFederalist sokuthi abantu bahlolwa ngokuphelele kuhulumeni (emuva kwakho konke), wonke uMthetho-sisekelo usekelwe ebukhosini obuthandwayo. Uma ungenela ekuqondiseni komphakathi, usebenza njengesakhamuzi esihlakaniphile okholelwa ukuthi iFramers ingavikela inkululeko.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungasekela izinhlangano eziqondisa ukulinganisela kwamandla, njengamaqembu alandela iziyalezo zezikhulu, imizamo yobuphathi, noma imithetho yokwahlulela. Izinqolobane zesizwe [ zinikeza imithombo eyinhloko njenge-Federalist Papers ngokwayo, kuyilapho i-Legal Information Institute [ inikeza izinguqulo eziphawulwe zomthetho-mthetho-sisekelo. Ngokufunda lemithombo, uhlolelwa ukubona uma i-evie oye wasetshenziswa noma wadelwa.

Uhulumeni: Ukulinganisela Ubunye Besizwe Nokuzisebenzela Kwendawo

I-Federalist Papers yenza isimo esiqinile sombuso-mhlaba ." ukuhlukanisa amandla phakathi kukahulumeni wesizwe nezwe. Fateralist No. 39, uJames Madison wachaza uhulumeni ohlongozwayo ngokuthi “awunasizwe siphelele noma uhulumeni,” kodwa i-projected ozothola amandla kuwo womabili amazinga. [FLT:] Ficerast No., waveza ukuthi amandla aphathiswe uhulumeni wombuso kahulumeni kahulumeni ayengelutho futhi achazwe” kuyilapho lawo asele nezizwe ayengu-“ nongafiki. ” Nakuba ukulinganisela kuye kwashintsha kakhulu kuhulumeni phakathi namakhulu amabili eminyaka edlule, isimiso sesisekelo sesimiso se-Melika.

Kubantu abahlala ezakhamuzini namuhla, uhulumeni usho ukuthi izimpikiswano eziningi ezithinta ukuphila kwakho kwansuku zonke zinqunywa ngokuqondile esifundeni sombuso noma endaweni yakhona (ngokufundisa, ukuthutha, ukubopha, amaphoyisa, iziqondiso zempilo yomphakathi, nezici eziningi zesimiso sendawo ezungezile. Ukuqonda lokhu kukuvumela ukuba wakhe amandla esizwe yakho ngokuphumelelayo. Uma ukhungathekile ngemishini yesizwe, ungagxila kakhulu kwezombangazwe, lapho ivoti yakho ivame ukuthwala khona ubunzima obungeziwe nalapho ungabona khona imiphumela esheshayo. Ngokuphambene, uma inkinga idinga ikhambi lezwe, ungasekela isenzo sombuso wombuso kuyilapho uqaphela ukuthi ungaba “umkhaphelisi wezwe lonke,” uzama izindlela ezihlukahlukene ezingase zithathwe kamuva ezweni lonke.

Ukusebenzisa isimiso sombuso ekuphileni kwakho siqu:

Umphakathi Nokwehlukana Kwezombangazwe Kwanamuhla

I-Federalist ivame ukulwa kwezombangazwe zamanje. Ezinye izindaba ezazenziwa ngokuyinhloko njengokukhishwa kwezisu, ukufakwa kwensangu ngokomthetho, ukulawulwa kwezibhamu, nokugcinwa kwabantu abahlala kwamanye amazwe − manje ziyindaba yezingxabano ezinkulu zikahulumeni wesifundazwe. Ukuqonda umbono kaFederalst kukusiza ukuba ulawule lempikiswano. Ngokwesibonelo, abasekeli benkampane yenkasa esemthethweni kahulumeni ngokuvamile basekela isimiso sobuzwelo ukuba baphikise ukuthi uhulumeni kahulumeni kufanele uthathe isinyathelo. Abalwa i-Supremacy Clace (Actle VI kamthetho-sisekelo) bangaveza ukuthi umthetho kazwelonke kumelwe unqobe. Ngokufunda i-Federalist Papers, ungabona ukuthi i-Framestism ingxabano enjalo futhi udala isimiso esiklanyelwe ukuwalawula ngokuzilawula nge-Centrea, futhi ekugcineni, njengoba isikhulu sesizwe singahlanganyela kule komiti yezingxoxo zikahulumeni, ngokuphawula kahle kakhulu, futhi ngokuveza inkulumo kahulumeni.

Isivumelwano Esikhuthazayo Somsebenzi Wendawo Ethile: Izakhamuzi Eziwugadile Wenkululeko

Mhlawumbe ukusebenza okuqondile kwe-Federalist Papers yezakhamuzi zanamuhla yisicelo sabo sokuba bahlanganyele ngolwazi nangokukhuthele. Abalobi bezintatheli abazange bakholelwe ukuthi uMthetho-sisekelo ungazisebenzela; babazi ukuthi uxhomeke ekuhlakanipheni nasebuhleni babantu. Kuwo wonke umuntu u-Facedalist No. [55, Madison wabhala: “Njengoba kunezinga elithile lokonakala esintwini elidinga izinga elithile lokwehluleka nokungathembani, ngakho kunezinye izimfanelo ezivumelana nengxenye ethile yokwazisa nokuqiniseka." Ngamanye amazwi, isimiso saklanyelwe abantu abangabaza amandla nobuhle ngokwanele ukuba basebenzise amalungelo abo.

Ukuthembisana ngesivumelwano ngomoya wezincwadi zamaFederal Paper kudlulela ngalé kokuvota nje (nakuba ukuvota kubalulekile). Kuhlanganisa:

`Ohulumeni bamazwe noMbuso eqinisweni bayizikhonzi ezihlukene kodwa abameleli nabaphathi abahlukene babantu, abakhiwe ngemibuso ehlukene, futhi baklanyelwe izinjongo ezingafani.] — James Madison, Federal List No. 46

Inselele yanamuhla iwukuthi izakhamuzi eziningi zizizwa zikhungathekile ngenxa yobunkimbinkimbi bukahulumeni noma ukudunyazwa yi-gridbock. Kodwa i-Federalist Papers inikeza ikhambi: ngokubhekisa ingqondo ehlelweni nasezimisweni, unganqamula umsindo. Kunokuba ulahlekelwe ukumemeza okungalawuleki, ungabuza imibuzo: Ingabe leligatsha liyawuqamba? Ingabe lomthetho usebenza ngendlela efanele? Ingabe lemibuzo ikwenza ushintshe ekubeni ulwele mbukisi okhuthele ukuba ube umlondolozi wesimiso somthetho-mthetho.

Izifundo Ezivela Kumbhali Wezobumba No.

Ayikho ingxoxo yamaFederalist Paper ephelele ngaphandle kokukhuluma namaqembu. Ku- Federalist No. 10, uJames Madison wasingatha inkinga ye-conomist(into ayichaza njengeqembu lezakhamuzi ezihlanganiswe ngesithakazelo esisodwa esimelene namalungelo abanye abantu noma ezithakazelweni ezihlala njalo zomphakathi. Waphikisa ukuthi i-riphabliki enkulu ingaba ngcono kunencane ekulawuleni imiphumela yezeqiniso, ngoba ingenza kube nzima kakhulu nganoma yisiphi isithakazelo esisodwa ukubusa futhi ngenxa yokuthi isandisa inani lezithakazelo zokuncintisana, ukuphoqelela.

Namuhla, siphila enkathini yokuwohloka okukhulu kwezombangazwe, futhi izifundo zikaFederalist No. 10 zibaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili. Izakhamuzi zingasebenzisa ukuqonda kukaMadison ngo-Madison:

  • Uqaphela ingozi ye- [[FOLT]]] ukubusa okungaqondile kweningi ngaphandle kwesivikelo somthetho-sisekelo. AmaFramers adala ngamabomu iriphabliki, izimpawu, amandla ahlukene, kanye nencwadi yamalungelo, ukuze avikele amalungelo amancane futhi avimbele ubushiqela obuningi.
  • Imifelandawonye ehlanganisa amaqembu. Eriphabliki enkulu, akukho qembu elilodwa elingayifeza kalula imigomo yalo lilodwa. Ungakha amabhuloho namaqembu anezithakazelo ezingafani kodwa ahlanganyele isisekelo esisodwa.]
  • Izinhlangano ezikhuthaza ukuhlobana, njengamahholo edolobha, imithombo yezindaba ezimele, nemfundo yomphakathi engahlanganisiwe. Uma izakhamuzi eziningi zichayeka emibonweni ehlukene, kungcono zingehlelwa kakhulu ekuthatheni imingcele eqinile.
  • Ngokucubungula ngokuhluzekile ukukhanga kokwesaba noma ukuthukuthela. Madison waxwayisa ukuthi amaqembu avame ukuholwa “isithakazelo” kunokuba acabange. Uma uhlangana nenkulumo yezombangazwe, buza ukuthi iklanyelwe ukuvusa imizwelo noma ukukhuthaza ukuphikisana okusekelwe emaqinisweni nasemithethweni engokomthetho.

Umbhali we - Federal No. 10 uyisikhumbuzo esinamandla sokuthi ukungezwani akulona uphawu lokuhluleka eriphabliki; kuyingxenye engokwemvelo yomphakathi okhululekile.

Ukubukeza Kokwahlulela: Amandla Ezinkantolo Nendima Yezakhamuzi

Nakuba uMthetho-sisekelo ngokwawo ungawuniki ngokuqondile iNkantolo Ephakeme amandla okumemezela imithetho engekho emthethweni, amaPapers awenza icala eliqinile ekubukezweni kokwahlulela. Fateralist No., uAlexander Hamilton waphikisa ngokuthi i-jaji lizoba igatsha “eliyingozi” ngoba alinakulawula inkemba noma isikhwama. Wathi amajaji kufanele achaze uMthetho-sisekelo njengawodwa, njengawodwa umsebenzi we-partiodroma, nokuthi anesibopho sokungatshathi ngokomthetho ongqubuzana nomthetho oyisisekelo.

Kubantu bezakhamuzi, ukuhlaziya kokwahlulela okuqondayo kubalulekile ekuhlanganyeleni nesimiso senkantolo.

  • Ilandela amacala amakhulu eNkantolo ePhakeme kakhulu achaza umthetho-sisekelo. Ama-website anjengo- [ Oyez[ anikeza amarekhodi namaphindwano empikiswano yomlomo. Ukulalela ukucabanga kobulungisa kukusiza ukuba uqonde indlela ukubukeza kokwahlulela okusebenza ngayo.
  • Submit amiccuriae (umngane wenkantolo”) ngamafushaniso [ ngezinhlangano oziyo. Amaqembu amaningi omphakathi athatha iziphazamiso ukuze azise iNkantolo ngemiphumela ebanzi yecala. Lena yindlela eqondile yezakhamuzi ukuba zihlanganyele enqubweni yokwahlulela.
  • Advocate yenkululeko yokwahlulela. Amaphesenti aphikisa ngokuthi amajaji kufanele asebenze phakathi nokuziphatha okuhle (umzekelo, ukuphila) ukuze abavikele ekucindezeleni kwezombangazwe. Uma ubona ukuhlaselwa kwejaji `````'''''''''', izikhulu ezikhethiwe noma umphakathi' khumbula ukuthi igumbi lokubusa elizimele liyitshe lesisekelo lesimiso. Ungakhuluma ngokuvikela inkululeko yokwahlulela.

Ukubukezwa kokwahlulela ngokuvamile kuyaphikisana, ikakhulukazi lapho iNkantolo igumbuqela imithetho yedemokrasi. Kodwa amaFederalist Paper asikhumbuza ukuthi injongo yomthetho-sisekelo obhaliwe iwukubeka izimiso ezithile ezingenakufinyelelwa izikhulu zesikhashana. Njengesakhamuzi, ungahlonipha leyondima kuyilapho usebenzela ukulungisa uMthetho-sisekelo ngenqubo efanele (Article V) uma ungavumelani nencazelo yenkantolo. Isimiso siklanyelwe ukuba kokubili siqine futhi sivumelane.

Ukuletha Ikhaya Lemibono: Icebo Eliwusizo

AmaFederalist Paper anikeza ifilosofi evumelanayo kahulumeni, kodwa ukubaluleka kwawo kwangempela kuxhomeke endleleni ozisebenzisa ngayo. Ngezansi kuyicebo eliwusizo noma isiphi isakhamuzi esingalisebenzisa ukuze sihileleke emibonweni kaPublius:

  1. Funda okungenani amaphepha amathathu abhekisa amehlo ezihloko ezihlukene: No. 10 (izenzo), No. 51 (ukuhlelwa kwamandla namasheke nezilinganiso), no-No. 78 (i-picary). Ungawathola mahhala ku-inthanethi. Thatha amanothi ezihloko eziyisihluthulelo futhi uwahlanganise nezenzakalo zamanje.
  2. Zibophelele kumagazini ongahlanganisiwe womphakathi noma landela indawo enjenge iNational Constitution Center [ exoxa njalo ngezindaba zomthetho-sisekelo. Lokhu kuzokugcina waziswe ngezindaba, umthetho, nezenzo eziphethe eziphakamisa ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla noma ukubuzwa kwezwe.
  3. Wahlanganisa umhlangano kahulumeni wendawo [1] umkhandlu wesikhulu, ibhodi yesikole, noma ikhomishane yesifundazwe (nangoba kanye ezinyangeni ezintathu ezilandelayo. Qaphela ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani izinqumo futhi kuphi lapho kudlalwa khona amasheke amandla (njengamazwi omphakathi noma ukuqondisa kwemithombo yezindaba). Cabangela ukukhuluma emhlanganweni ophathelene nomagazini owukhathalelayo.
  4. bhala incwadi kummeleli wakho noma isigebengu ngempikiswano ethile yomthetho-sisekelo. Impikiswano yakho usebenzisa imiqondo evela kumaFederalist Papers. Ngokwesibonelo: “Ngibhala ukuze ngiveze ukukhathazeka kwami ngokuthi umthetho ohlongozwayo ungendisa amandla empatho yezomthetho ngaphandle kokuhlola okwanele kwemithetho, ngokuphambene nezimiso ezibekwe kuFederalist No. 51.5.”
  5. Ukuxoxa ngomphakathi nothile onombono ohlukile wezombangazwe. Esikhundleni sokuphikisana ngezimiso, xoxani ngezimiso eziyisisekelo zomthetho-sisekelo. Buza: “Ucabanga ukuthi lokhu kufanele kusingathwe kulelozwe noma isilinganiso sikahulumeni?” noma “Amagatsha angahlolana kanjani kulendaba?” Loluhlobo lwengxoxo lwakha ukuqonda okuhlangeneyo kwesimiso, ngisho nalapho ningavumelani.

Ngokuthatha lezi zinyathelo, wenza lokho kanye abalobi beFederalist Papers ababekulindele: uba isakhamuzi esikhuthele, esinolwazi esiqonda ukuthi inkululeko ayixhomekile ekuhlakanipheni kwabambalwa, kodwa ekuthembiseni kwabaningi.

Isiphetho: Ukuhlenga Okuhlala Njalo Kwamaphepha Ohlelo Lwezikhungo Zomphakathi

AmaFederalist Paper abhalelwa ukunqoba impi ethile yezombangazwe, ."ukuhlelwa kwemithetho-sisekelo. Kodwa aphumelela ekwenzeni okuthile okukhulu kakhulu: aveza imfundiso kahulumeni oye waqondisa i-United States ezimpini, izinkinga zezomnotho, izinxushunxushu zezenhlalo, nobuchwepheshe. Kubantu banamuhla, lezi zincwadi azizona izinsalela eziwuthuli. Ziyizincwadi ezisebenzayo zokulawula imfucumfucu yezwe yanamuhla. Uma uqonda ukwahlukana kwemibuso, ungazibona ngekhono lokulawula izikhulu. Uma uqonda izibalo nemingcele yezentengiselwano, ungafuna ukulandisa kuwo wonke amagatsha. Uma uqaphela ukuthi uhulumeni awunanzile, ungahlanganyela ezingeni lezo zemisebenzi yomphakathi wakho. Futhi uma uthatha indima yezakhamuzi njengezezakwamaFrame, ungaba ingxenye yezehlakalo oluqhubekayo.

AmaFederalist Paper abuza umbuzo obalulekile: Ingabe abantu bangazibusa? Impendulo ayinikezwanga; itholakala ngokuzimisela kwesizukulwane ngasinye ukufunda, ukuhlanganyela, nokuvikela uMthetho - sisekelo. Ngokusebenzisa imiqondo kulezindaba namuhla, unezela kuleyompendulo, futhi usiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi irepublic abayisizayo ihlala iqinile esikhathini esizayo.