Isingeniso

Izenzo zokusebenza zendawo ezungezile ziye zavela njengenhlangano echazayo yekhulu lama-20 lokuqala, ibangela ukukhathazeka komphakathi ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukulahleka kwezilwane, nokungcoliswa kwezimboni kube ukuthatha isinyathelo esiqondile, ukungalaleli komphakathi, nokungalawuli ngokomthetho. Njengoba izigxobo zinyuka, kanjalo futhi ukuqashelwa komthetho okuqondiswe abashisekeli bemvelo. Ukuhlolwa kwalezizishisekeli ngokuvamile kusebenza enqamlezini zezindawo ezivikelayo ezingokomthetho kanye nasezicini zokuphepha zomphakathi eziphuthumayo, okwenza izimfuneko ezibucayi ezibucayi. Ukuqonda indlela izakhiwo ezingokomthetho ezilawula ngayo ukuma kwemithetho kunje, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kubaluleke ngayo ku-odokotela abafuna amalungelo emvelo, nabashisekelizentengiselwano ngokwazo. Lesi sihloko sihlola indima yokufuna izivumelwano ezimweni zokuvikela indawo ezindaweni ezingokomphakathini, ukuhlola i-Azentelline, izinselele ezingokwezisekeli, izinselele ezingoko ezingokomthetho zomthetho, zohlangothi eziqhubekayo, zohlangothi ezibhekene ezingokomthetho, nezibhekene.

Umsebenzi Ongokomthetho: ISichibiyelo Sesine Nezimfuneko Ezinhle

ISichibiyelo sesine kuMthetho-sisekelo we-United States siqinisekisa “ilungelo labantu lokulondeka kubantu babo, ezindlini, emaphepheni, nasemiphumeleni, ngokuphenywa okungenangqondo nokuquleka” futhi sigunyaza ukuthi“ akukho gunya eliyophuma, kodwa ngokunokwenzeka, elisekelwa ngesifungo noma isiqinisekiso, futhi ikakhulukazi ukuchaza indawo okumelwe ihlolwe, futhi abantu noma izinto okumelwe zibanjwe.” Lolulimi luveza imfuneko njengesisekelo senqubo yobugebengu baseMelika. Noma ikuphi ukuphenywa noma ukuthathelwa ngaphandle kwemvume eqashelwayo kucatshangelwa njengokungenangqondo uma kungatholakali isiqinisekiso esingokomthetho.

Imbangela Enengqondo Nokuhlukanisa

Ukuze kutholakale isiqinisekiso, ukugcinwa komthetho kumelwe kunikeze imvume kumantshi ongathathi hlangothi enikeza isizathu esinokwenzeka − ukuvunywa okulungile kokuthi ubufakazi bobugebengu buyotholakala endaweni ethile noma entweni ethile okumelwe iphenywe. Indinganiso iphansi kunobufakazi obungaphezu kokungabaza okunengqondo kodwa obuphakeme kunento nje edinga ukugcinwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imvume kumelwe ichaze indawo ethile ukuze ihlolwe futhi izinto ezizothathwa. Lokhu kuvimbela ukuphenywa kwecala okuvamile okungacatshazwa ukuthi “ukudoba izinhlanzi” [ne] futhi amabutho ahlola ukuchaza kahle lokho akulindele futhi ukuthi kungani. Esenzeni. Izenzo zokufuna indawo ezungezile, lezimfuneko zingaba yinseleleka ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi kucatshangwa ukuthi kuhlawu, ukuceka kwezenzo, ukuceka kwempahla, noma ukuceka kwempahla esobala.

Abahlukile Endinganisweni Eqaphile

INkantolo Ephakeme iye yakhipha imfuneko ehlukile emfunweni evame ukuvela ekuhloleni indawo ezungezile.

  • Izimo ezixegayo - usongo olusheshayo lokubhujiswa kobufakazi, ingozi ekuphileni, noma ukuphishekelwa okushisayo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umshisekeli ebonakala ekhamelani ephonsa isitini ngevalve yepayipi, amaphoyisa angangena embonini ngaphandle kwemvume yokuvimbela umonakalo oseduze wendawo ezungezile.
  • i-Conict - isivumelwano sokuzithandela sokusesha. Nokho, imvume ingahoxiswa noma nini, futhi iziphathimandla azinakuyicindezela. Ezindaweni zomphakathi zabashisekeli, imvume ivame ukugonywa.
  • Umbono woPlato - uma izikhulu zikhona ngokomthetho futhi zibona izinto ezingekho emthethweni zisobala, akukho myalo odingekayo ukuze zibanjiwe. Lokhu kusebenza ezimisweni zomphakathi zokubhikisha lapho izikhulu zigcina umsebenzi ongekho emthethweni.
  • Isenzakalo sokuhlola ukubopha okungokomthetho - uvumela izikhulu ukuba zisesha umuntu oboshiwe nendawo eseduze ukuze kutholakale izikhali noma ubufakazi obungabhubhi. Lokhu kulinganiselwa kakhulu yisinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme yamuva futhi akuvamile ukudlulela ezimishinini zemishini ngaphandle kwemvume.
  • Ukuhlola kobuphathi - ezimbonini ezilawulwayo, kuhlanganise nokuhlola indawo ezungezile, ukuphenya okungenasizathu kungavunyelwa ngaphansi kwemithetho ethile. Kodwa lokhu ngokuvamile akusebenzi ezikhundleni zomshisekeli noma emakhaya.

Ngokuvamile, ukugcinwa komthetho ngokuvamile kuphikisa izenzakalo zendawo ezungezile, kuyilapho abameli benkululeko begomela ngokuthi ukusho okunjalo kusetshenziswa ngokweqile ukuze kuvinjelwe isiqinisekiso esiyisisekelo.

Ukucwaninga Engxenyeni Yokulwela Ukuthatha Imithetho Endaweni Ezungezile

Izenzo zokuzihlela zendawo ezungezile zihlanganisa imisebenzi eminingi — kusukela ekuvumeleni imikhankaso yomphakathi nokuzifaka ekungalalelini komphakathi okungenabudlova, futhi, ezimweni ezingavamile, ukulimala kwempahla. Uhlobo lokuhlola nezimfuneko ezigunyazwayo ezisetshenziswayo kuhluka kakhulu ngenxa yesimo salokho okuthiwa ukuziphatha okubi.

Ukucwaninga Okungokomzimba: Ukuphenya, Ukuthungatha, Nokuphenya Ngezigelekeqe

Lapho abashisekeli bemisa amakamu okuvimbela ukwakhiwa kwephayiphi yemithi noma ukufakwa ehlathini eliphikiswayo, ukuphenya okungokoqobo kwalezozindawo kudinga ukunaka ngokucophelela imingcele engokomthetho-sisekelo. Ikamu elimiswe ezweni lomphakathi lingase libe nezindawo zeSichibiyelo zesine ezihlukene kunesinye ezweni langasese. Izinkantolo ziye zathi ngisho nasezindaweni zomphakathi, abantu bahlala belindele ukuba kungabi nandaba ethile, cishe ngaphakathi kwetende noma ikamu. Ukuhlola izindawo ezinjalo, umthetho ngokusemthethweni ufuna isiqinisekiso esisekelwe ekubangeleni ukuthi ubufakazi bobugebengu (njengamathuluzi okucekela phansi noma ukwebiwa) bungaphakathi. Nokho, lapho umsebenzi ungenamnini wendawo esobala noma lapho abashisekeli beqeda ukulindela kokukhokha itende ngokuvula konke, ukuhlaziya kuyoba okuvamile.

Izimo ezihilela ukunyundelwa kwe-ecotage (-sobatage ehloselwe ukulimaza imishini noma ukuphazamisa imisebenzi.) Kulapha, abaphenyi bangafuna imvume yezindlu noma yezimoto zabashisekeli abaziwayo, futhi imfuneko ekhethekile iba nenselele. Uma incwadi ichaza “noma iliphi ithuluzi elisetshenziswayo ekuvimbeleni ukuphazanyiswa kwemishini,” uma ijaji lingase lihlasele isiqinisekiso njengobubanzi obungalinganisi. Uhulumeni kumelwe uhlanganise ubufakazi obuqondile nobengeziwe.

Ukuhlola Izinombolo: Imithombo Yezindaba, Ama - email, Imethane, Nemidanti

Uphenyo lwanamuhla lwezemisebenzi yendawo ezungezile luncike kakhulu kubufakazi be-mini. I-activors ihlela ngokufaka umbiko oyimfihlo we-opentic apps, ikhuthaza izenzakalo zezokuxhumana, futhi ihlela izenzo ngezinhlu ze-imeyili. ISichibiyelo sesine sisebenza emniningo yezobuchwepheshe ebekwa abantu besithathu. Ngokufana nemishini ye-imeyili (kodwa ukhuseleko luye lwabunjwa yi-Ved Communications Act kanye [[FLT:]]] Riley v.[FLT] [FLT]] v.[FLT]] [imper] [inkulu inkantolo ephezulu] ikhipha ukuphenya kwemininingwane yocingo eboshwe, okuthiwakudinga ukubopha ukwaziswa okulinganayo, okuhambisana nokwezingcipheko olufanayo."

Kodwa, ukuqapha kwemitapo ye-minuber kuvame ukudlula umthetho. Ukuqapha komthetho kungathola imvume yemetametameter (i-sender, umamukeli, isikhathi, usuku), kodwa okuqukethwe yizokuxhumana kudinga ukuboniswa okukhulu. Ezindabeni zendawo ezungezile, uhulumeni ngezinye izikhathi usebenzisa “imishini yokuhlola” noma ipeni lokubhalisa. Okungagunyazwa ngokusemthethweni ngezimiso zenkantolo kunokuhlola imvume egcwele ye-(ukungena nokuphuma kocingo. Abagxeki baphikisa ukuthi lokhu kwakha igebe elingasetshenziswa ukuze kwakhiwe ipropati yezokuxhumana komshisekeli ngaphandle kwesizathu esifanelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwe-geoficialfence kugunyazwe indawo yemininingwane ethile phakathi nendawo yokubhikishana. Inkantolo ihlukene ifuna ukuhlangabezana nezimfuneko ezinjalo, njengoba ifuna ukwaziswa okungenacala.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwe - Informant Nabameli Abangaphansi Komshoshaphansi

Omunye umkhakha uwukufakwa kwezaziso noma izikhulu zomthetho ezingaphansi emaqenjini abashisekeli. Nakuba uhulumeni ngokuvamile engadingi imvume yokufaka isaziso (ngoba ukuba khona konomnini-leyo kungokwesivumelwano, futhi izingxoxo azicatshangelwa njengokuphenywa ngaphansi kwemfundiso yesithathu ehlukile), umugqa ufiphele lapho izingxoxo zezingxoxo zezaziso zisebenzisa ithuluzi elifihliwe. Le ngxoxo ebekwe [INkantolo Ephakeme:0] iLeopez v. United States [1963]) icatshangelwa ukuthi ukuqopha ingxoxo kuyingxenye yokungaphuki iSimemezelo sesine soMpanziso, njengoba isikhulumi sicabanga ukuthi iyingozi. Lemfundiso yenza ukuba kubonakale ukubulongwe okukhona, okungaboniswa ngokukhululekile nenhlangano yendawoko. Umphakathi wazi ukuthi ukuchaza ukuphatha inzuzo enamandla kungaveliswa kweze-Gene.

Izinselele Zokuphoqelelwa Komthetho

Nakuba izimfuneko zifanele zivikele izakhamuzi, zibuye zibangele izithiyo ezinkulu ezisebenzayo kubacwaningi ezimweni ezizungezile.

Ukuphuthuma Nezimo Ezibi

Izenzo zendawo ezungezile ngokuvamile zihlanganisa izenzo ezihlelwa ukuba zibangele umonakalo osheshayo . njengokugawulwa kwezihlahla ezindaweni zokugawula imithi, ukuhlasela imishini, noma ukuvimbela ukungena kwemisebenzi egxekayo. Lapho amaphoyisa eqaphela isenzo esisondelayo, abhekana nokucindezela okukhulu kokungenela. Ukuthola imvume kungathatha amahora amaningi, idinga i-affidavit, imvume evela kumshushisi, nokuhlola kwejaji. Ubufakazi obungakhohliswa bungase bubhujiswe, noma isenzo singabangela umonakalo ongase uvinjelwe. Ngenxa yalokho, ukugcinwa komthetho kungathatha amahora amaningi ngaphandle kobufakazi obungakho. Nokho, izinkantolo zihlola ngokucophelela, futhi uma ukuphuthuma kubonwe noma ukubunjwa, kungase kubonakale ukuthi awukho umbiko. Isibonelo, uma amaphoyisa ayekhetha ukukho ubufakazi obufanele ukugcinwa.

Ukuvinjelwa Kwemithombo Yezinto

Ukuphoqa imvume eyanele yokusebenza edinga isikhathi nobuchwepheshe obungokomthetho. Iminyango yamaphoyisa emincane noma leyo engenawo amacala emvelo anikezelwe kungase kungabi namali yokulungiselela izindleko eziphelele, ikakhulukazi lapho kubhekwana nobugebengu bamacomputer noma ubufakazi bobuchwepheshe obudinga ulimi olukhethekile. Izingozi ezibunjwe kabi zingalahlwa imajistala noma kamuva zibekelwe inselele enkantolo. Emacalani amakhulu, njengalawo ahilela i-Earth Fromment noma abhikishayo endaweni yokwakha i-patrom, izindleko kanye nobunkimbinkimbi bezicelo ezingacindezela izimali ezinikezwa izicelo eziningi. Leliqiniso lingaholela ekuthembeni imvume engokomthetho noma ekuhlolweni okungekho emthethweni, okuthi ekugcineni kube buthaka.

Izinselele Zokulwela Ukuzitika Nenkululeko Yangaphakathi

Ngokombono wabashisekeli, izimfuneko zokugunyazwa ziyisihlangu esibalulekile ekuphazanyisweni uhulumeni ozimele.

Ithonya Elibi Ekukhulumeni Nasemhlanganweni

Usongo lokufuna imvume (‘ingozi nje yokufuna indlu, ihhovisi, noma imishini ye-minuctures) luvimbela abantu ukuba bahlanganyele ekuthatheni inqubo yendawo ezungezile. Uma abashisekeli besaba ukuthi amacomputer abo azakubanjwa noma amarekhodi abo ocingo ahlolwe, bangaxhumana kancane, baxhumane nomphakathi ngokukhululekile futhi bagweme ukuphikisa komphakathi. Lokhu akuyona nje ingozi ecatshangelwayo; izenzakalo eziningi ezigciniwe zibonisa ukuthi ukuhlola okukhulu kuye kwahlela amaqembu emvelweni yendawo ezungezile, okuphumela ekuncipheni okungalawuleki kwezenzo zobuphili. Imfuno yeSimende sesine sisho ukuthi lokhu kubangelwa ukungabangelwa okusekelwe ekusoleni okuvamile, hhayi ukusolwa okuvamile. Nokho, uma izivumelwano eziningi zikhishwe kalula noma uma intengo enciphekayo iphansi kakhulu, ukuncitshiswa.

Imisebenzi Yamandla Emikhulu Nemininingwane Ehlukahlukene

Ngisho noma imvume itholakala, isilinganiso sayo singaba yinkinga. Izivumelwano zezenombolo ezivumela ukuthatheka kwawo wonke amasondo aqinile noma ukulandisa kwamafu zivamile, kodwa zivame ukuthatha inqwaba yemininingwane engahlobene, imininingwane yomuntu siqu. Lo mphumela uphumela kuhulumeni onezokuxhumana okuvikelekile, izithombe eziyimfihlo, kanye nokwaziswa okuyimfihlo okungahlangene nobugebengu obucatshangelwayo. Umqondo “wokwehlukana” uhloselwe ukuvimbela lokhu, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, abahluleli bavumela ulimi olubanzi. Activivo kanye neqembu labo elingokomthetho ngokuvamile libekela inselele izivumelwano ezinjalo ezingaphezulu kakhulu ngaphansi kweSichibiyelo sesine, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ziye zaphumelela ekusebenziseni imithetho ehlolwayo ngaphambi kokuhlola ulwazi olungathandeki. Nokho, isenzo nje, ukuphangathwa kwemali nokulimaza izinhlangano kwazo.

Ukuhlola Kwangaphambi Kombhalo

Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi ukuhlola indawo ezungezile kungaba yisiphakamiso sokuhlola ubufakazi bokungalingani. Njengoba umthetho usebenzisa indinganiso encane ukuze uthethelele ukuphenya okuyenziwa empeleni ekuqoqeni ukuhlakanipha kokuqashwa okungokomthetho. Ngokwesibonelo, ukumiswa kwezimoto ukuze kukhanyiswe umsila ophukile kungaba iqhinga lokuhlola imoto yomshisekeli wobufakazi bokungalawuleki. Nakuba iSimemezelo seSichibiyelo sesine sidinga ukuba ukuphenywa kube okunengqondo, iNkanto ePhakathi ibekeze ibekezelele ukumiswa kombhalo othile uma nje kusekhona okungalindelekile okubangela ukuphazanyiswa kwecala. Le ndawo iphakamisa ingcinganiso emelene nokushisekela imibono yabo. Umnyango weJaji, kodwa ukuphula umthetho uyakwazi ukuvimbela iziqondiso ezinjalo, ikakhulukazi ezingeni lendawo yendawo yendawo.

Icala Eliphawulekayo Nezenzakalo Ezingokomthetho

Ukuhlola izindaba ezithile kuyasiza ekusikhanyiseleni indlela izimfuneko ezidingekayo ezisebenza ngayo ekuhloleni indawo ezungezile ngokoqobo.

I - Dakota Access Pippine (DAPL) Protests

Phakathi nobhikisho luka 2016-2017 e-Istin Rock, izinhlangano zokuphoqelela umthetho zasebenzisa izinhlobonhlobo zamathuluzi okuhlola, kuhlanganise nokuhlola izindiza, ukuhlola kwezezokuxhumana, nokuhlola ngaphandle komthetho emakamu okubhikisha. Umbuzo wokuthi ikamu lakha ikhaya noma indawo yokuhlala yesikhashana yeziNguqulo yesine waxabana kakhulu. Kwesinye isenzakalo, umthetho waseNyakatho Dakota wasebenzisa indiza ukuze ufune ubufakazi bokuvula izinto zomlilo. I-ACU yaphikisa ukuthi lokhu kwakuwukuphenywa okungenamthetho kokufunwa kweminyango yekamu. Icala alixazululwanga ngokuphelele enkantolo, kodwa libonisa indlela ukusebenza kwemithetho yemithetho ezindaweni zokubhikisha okuveleyo okuhlala kuhleliwe kuyo okuhlala kungenalutho. Ukuncikelelwa okukhulu kukahulumeni ekuhlolweni kweminyango phakathi ne-DPLA eqoqweni kwemicimbini yemimendezo eqoqwe ngeminye yemithelela ukuqoqwa kweminye yeminye yeminxeba yezo.

“ Spypops” I - Activism Yokuhlala Endaweni Ezungezile Yase - United Kingdom

Nakuba izikhulu zingena empucukweni yeSichibiyelo sesine se-U.S., ihlazo elihilela amaphoyisa omshoshaphansi angena emaqenjini endawo emvelo (kuhlanganise ne-Greenpeace ne Plane Demagency) iminyaka eminingi linikeza isixwayiso. Izikhulu ngokuvamile zazingena ebuhlotsheni obuseduze nezisulu futhi ziqoqe ukwaziswa ngaphandle kogunya lomthetho. Ukuphendula, i-U.K. yamisa uhlelo olungokomthetho olufuna ukuba imvume yangaphambi kwemisebenzi enjalo. Lendaba igcizelela ukubaluleka kobuqondisi bezehlulelo.

INkantolo YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu Namandla Okutshala Izimali

Ezimweni ezifana UMzalwan ’ u-Big Watch v. United Kingdom (2021]), iNkantolo yaseYurophu yamaLungu yamaLungelo obukhondla obuningi yasekela ukuthi imibuso yokuhlola okukhulu yaphula amalungelo abantu ngaphandle kokuba inikeze izisekelo ezanele, kuhlanganise nemvume yokwahlulela ehambisana nemvume. Lesi sinqumo sithinta abashisekeli bendawo ezungezile abahlolwa ngezimpawu zezimpawu, sigcizelela ukuthi ukucushwa kwemininingwane yokwaziswa kudinga isisekelo esingokomthetho nesilinganiso. Isinqumo sibonakalisa ukuvumelana okukhulayo kwezizwe zonke okungagunyazi nje kuphela izimfuneko zomthetho ezifanele iU.S. umthetho wemithetho yemithetho yenkolo ayiyona isiqinisekiso kodwa ingumthetho obalulekile kodwa umuntu.

Ukulinganisela Ukulondeka Namalungelo: Impikiswano Engokomthetho

Ukushayisana phakathi kokuhlola okuphumelelayo nenkululeko yomphakathi kuseyindawo ephikiswayo ezimweni zokufuna ukuxhumana nendawo ezungezile.

Izimemezelo Zokuguqulwa Ezivela Emaqenjini Amalungelo Omphakathi

Izinhlangano ezinjenge-ACLU, Electronic Foundation, ne-Earth Justice justice ziye zafuna ukuba kuqashelwe ngokuqinile ukuphenya abashisekeli bemvelo. Izihlongozo zazo zihlanganisa: ezifuna isiqinisekiso sokulandelela indawo yonke (kuhlanganise nezicelo ze-geneographic); ezilinganisela ubude nesilinganiso semithetho yezibalo zobuchwepheshe; ezilulaza imithetho yokuvikela ukwaziswa okungenacala; futhi ezifuna ukuqondisa kokuzifihla kwemisebenzi eyimfihlo ezindaweni ezizungezile. Ezinye ziye zasekela futhi imfuneko yokuthi umthetho umthetho awuphoqelele ukubeka inkulumo engokomthetho engokomthetho ethi “umbono wokungathathi hlangothi” okuyimfuneko ekhona ekuhloleni imithetho ekhona. Le nguquko inhloso yokulondoloza ukusebenza kwendawo lapho ukuvumela ukuhlola okusemthethweni ukuziphatha kobudlova.

Imibono Yokuphoqelelwa Komthetho

Kumthetho ophoqelelwayo, izinhlangano ezinjenge International Association of Kings of Police ziphikisa ngokuthi izimfuneko ezigunyaza ukusabela ezisongweni zendawo ezungezile eziseduze. Ziphikisa ngokuthi ukungezwani okukhona (ukungavumelani, imvume, umbono ocacile) akunele futhi ukuthi ukuphenya kwezibalo bekungeke kuphele uma kudinga imvume ethile. I-DOJ’s Environmental Crimes Protection ivame ukugcizelela ukuthi ukuhlola kwabo kuhlasela labo abalimaza impahla noma abafaka engozini ukuphepha komphakathi. Kodwa, umugqa ophakathi kokubhikicana nokulwa nobugebengu ungafiphaza, futhi abashukutheli abasho ukuthi imithetho evimbela ukuvinjelwa okusemthethweni inikeza abashisekeli benkantolo imvume yokuhlela izenzo ezingekho emthethweni ngokusemthethweni, ngokufihlayo.

Abanye abasunguli bomthetho baye bamisa umthetho wokwandisa amabutho angenamvume yokuhlola indawo ezungezile, ikakhulukazi ukuze kuhlolwe izisekelo eziyingozi. Ngokwesibonelo, izindleko ezigunyaza ukulandelelwa kwabantu abasolwa ukuba bahlele izinhlelo ziye zantanta ezindlini zikahulumeni. Lezi zinyathelo ziphikiswa kakhulu yizikhulu zikahulumeni, ezixwayisa ngokushelela kokungavumelani kwamaphoyisa.

Isiphetho

Izimfuneko eziqinile akuyona inqubo engokomthetho ecatshangelwayo; ziyisici esinamandla futhi esiwujuqu ekuhloleni ukuthatha isinyathelo sendawo ezungezile. Kumthetho ophoqelelwa ukuba kubekwe isijeziso nokulandisa, kuphoqelelwe abacwaningi ukuba bachaze izinsolo ezithile kusengaphambili. Izintelezi, izivumelwano zinikeza indinganiso ebucayi ngokumelene nokucupheka, zisiza ukulondoloza indawo yokuvinjelwa okungokomthetho nokuhlangana. Nokho, ezweni elinolwazi lwezesayensi yezesayensi, ukubekwa kwemiya, nokubekwa kwemiya, nokusebenza okungalawuleki, izimpawu ezingokwesiko zingaphansi kokucindezelwa. Izinkantolo nezishaya umthetho zibhekene umsebenzi oqhubekayo wokuhlola kabusha imithetho yokunikeza izilinganiso ngaphandle kokunikela umthetho wezenziwo wezenziwo ye-Crea. Izikhulu zikahulumeni ziqinisekisa ukuthi umuntu ngamunye umbangowodwa ekufuneni okungenangqondo nokuzithenwa. Njengoba impikiswano yenda ezindaweni zokuzishaya kwemigomo zenkululeko yenkululeko yezomthetho ziyaqhubeka zisebenza phakathi kwezimfuneko zenkululeko futhi zisebenza ngokulunga ezingokomthetho zomthetho.