Izimiso ze-majortaliarian commoneral, ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-athome-all noma ubuningi/ubuningi bezimiso, zinamandla amakhulu esibalo nokuziphatha kwamaqembu ezombangazwe phakathi kwentando yeningi. Lezizimiso zithambekele ekugxiliseni ukusekela okukhethekile emabuthweni amabili alawulayo ezombangazwe, zikhuthaza uhulumeni owodwa ozinzile, kodwa futhi zingahlukanisa futhi zibangele izinselele ezinkulu ezikhona ezinhlanganweni ezihlangeneyo ezihlukene. Ukuqonda izimiso ezixhumanisa imithetho elawulayo nezimiso zezombangazwe kubalulekile ekulinganiseni ukusebenza kwemibuso ehlukene yentando yeningi nokuhlela izinguquko. Lesi sihloko sihlola indlela ezinkulu ezilawulayo ezilawula ngayo amaqembu amabili ahlukene nezingxenye, zihlola kokubili izinzuzo ezisobala zezimiso zokubusa nezokuhwebelana.

Ziyini Izimiso Zokuthutha Izimpahla Ezinkulu?

Izimiso zokhetho ezivame kakhulu ziklanyelwe ukuveza ukunqoba okucacile esifundeni ngasinye sokhetho. Isimiso sabo esiyisisekelo siwukuthi umvoti noma iqembu elithola amavoti amaningi kakhulu “‘ noma ingxenye ebanzi yenani elivamile noma ebanzi (isihlalo). Umehluko ovame kakhulu yi- Prest Post (FPPP)[FLTP], [FLT], esetshenziswa eUnited Kingdom, e-United States, eCanada, naseNdiya, phakathi kwezinye. Ngaphansi kwe-FPTPP, uvotav uvoti wokhetho olulodwa lwe-mvoticenselwn ku-comptiement; umvoti wokhetho othola kakhulu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bayafinyelela ku-50%.

Olunye uhlobo oluyinhloko yilolo oluphakathi kwabaphezulu ababili (noma ngezinye izikhathi ngaphezulu) emjikelezweni wesibili. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi umnqobi ekugcineni usekelwa kakhulu, okungenani yilabo abavota epotimendeni. Ezinye izinhlobonhlobo zihlanganisa ivoti (AV), lapho abavoti bebalwayo nezindawo zokugcina besuswa khona kuze kube yilapho omunye ephethe ingxenye enkulu. Zonke izimiso ezinkulu zihlanganyela umphumela ovamile: bathambekele ekusekeleni iqembu elikhulu elingaphansi kwe-preternent kanye naphakathi kwalabo abavotayo.

Izimiso zezikhulu zihluke kakhulu kanye nokumelelwa kwe-(PR), okuhlanganisa izihlalo ngokulingana nokuvota kwabantu. I-PR ngokuvamile iveza izishaya - mthetho namaqembu amaningi, ngokuvamile idinga ohulumeni abahlangene. Ukukhetha phakathi kwalezi zimiso ezimbili zezimiso zokukhetha kungesinye sezinqumo ezilandelana kakhulu idemokrati engenziwa, ithonya ngokuqondile inani lamaqembu aphilayo, uhlobo lokwakhiwa kukahulumeni, kanye nokuzinziswa kwesimiso sezombangazwe.

Ukuze siqonde ukuthi kungani izimiso ze-carticarian zibumba izimiso zeqembu ngamandla, siphendukela emfundisweni emiswe kahle kwezesayensi yezombangazwe: Isimiso se-Duverger [, esiveza ukuthi imithetho ekhethayo ihlanganisa izinto eziningi ivame ukuveza nokusekela isimiso esinezigaba ezimbili. Lo mthetho unemisebenzi emibili: ithonya lenqubo kanye nomphumela wengqondo.

Ubuhlobo Phakathi Kwezimiso Zobujenene Nezimiso Ezimbili Zezigaba

Umthetho kaDuverger, owasungulwa yisazi sezenhlalo saseFrance uMaurice Duverger ku-1950, uchaza ukudonsa ngamandla okudonsela phansi kwezimiso eziyinhloko zokulwa ne-bipartist. umphumela womshini [ ucacile: esifundeni esisodwa sisebenzisa umthetho olula, kuphela ophezulu wokuvota ngempumelelo. Iqembu elilokhu likhipha isithathu noma eliphansi ezindaweni eziningi liyowina uma kukhona izihlalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi liyahlanganyela. Lokhu kujikijela kukhubaza ukuvota kwalo “” eqenjini elincane elingenakuwina, eliholela [[FOLD:] kuphela ethonya [FFF:] okusemqopheniwe kahle [FF:]: ukuvota okungcono kakhulu uma kunezihla izifunda ezihlukene, noma kunezinhlangothi ezimbili ezigwenywe ngethonya lesizwe.

Umphumela owenziwe ngemibuso yentando yeningi eminingi uyingxenye eqinile lapho amaqembu amabili amakhulu ehlukana khona ekulawuleni, ngalinye likwazi ukwakha uhulumeni oyingxenye eyodwa ngaphandle kokudinga umfela-nye. Lesi simiso ngokuvamile siyatuswa ngenxa yokucacisa nokulandisa kwalo: abavoti bazi kahle ukuthi yiliphi iqembu elinecala lemithetho, futhi ukhetho lunikeza izimvume ezicacile. I-United Kingdom ne-United States iyizibonelo eziyinhloko. Ku-UK, amaqembu amaConservative namaLabour aye abusa kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 leminyaka, nakuba ukhetho lwamuva luye lwabona ukunyuka kweLiberal Decrates ne-Scotland National, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuncitshiswa kwe-volution ne-ocential. I-U inesinye sezimiso ezivanzile kakhulu emhlabeni, kanye ne-Demourban Republics, kanye nama-Riphabliki ehleli e-Riphabliki.

Ubufakazi Obuvela Ezindabeni Ezisafufusa

Ukubheka e-UK, FPTP ngokomlando kuye kwaveza ohulumeni abaningi abahlukene. Kusukela ngo- 1945, idlanzana lokhetho liye laphumela ephalamende elilengisweyo (ngonyaka nje ka-2010, okwaholela ekwakheni i-Conservatives ne Liberal Democrates. Lolo hlelo lwalungaguquguquki. Isimiso se-US sithatha lo mbono ngisho nakancane: umongameli ungumqhubi wempi e-yonke i-Elctoral College, futhi izifundazwe ukuba ive izihlalo eziphephile zeqembu elilodwa. Isigaba sesithathu se-Rossot noma uRalph Nader asizange sizuze ngisho nowodwa umvoti, futhi siyenze njengomphathi ohliweyo, njengoba bekhokhisa omunye ophethe nomphumela omkhulu.

INdiya, i-demokrase enkulu kakhulu emhlabeni, isebenzisa i-FPP futhi, kodwa ayinaso isimiso esiqinile esinezigaba ezimbili ngokwezinga lesizwe. Ngani? Ukuhlukahluka okungavamile kwe-Indiya kwezinhlanga, isifunda-squates yenhlangano yendawo. Ezizweni eziningi, amaqembu esifunda abusa, futhi axoxa ngemifelandawo. Isimiso seqembu lesizwe esinengxenye ezimbili esisuka kwenye (i-Conrefel) siye sasuka engxenyeni eyodwa ye-ipharlyn (i-Chonal) siye emncintiswaneni we-Boratiya Party (BJP) ne-Indian National Congress njengezin ezimbili ezinkulu, kodwa ezinye izihlalo zezinye izihlalo. INdiya ibonisa ukuthi isimiso esikhulu sesimiso sezwe esinezehlukanisayo lapho isigaba esine kakhulu sisekela i-creavle. Izinhlangano ze-cravesss zikwazi ukusekela inzuzo enkulu, izinhlangano eziningi zezindawo zezindawo.

I-Canada inikeza esinye isici esibalulekile. I-FPTP iveze ohulumeni abaningi abambalwa cishe muva nje, ohulumeni abambalwa be-Liberal ngo-2019 no-2021. Amaqembu esifunda njenge-Bloc Québécois ne-New Democratic Party (NDP) achuma ezinqabani zabo. Isimiso seqembu laseCanada ngokuvamile sichazwa ngokuthi “amabili-acentia” noma ngisho“ nangengxenye” eqophelweni lesizwe, ngisho nakuba umthetho oyisisekelo wokhetho ungowodwa. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi umthetho kaDuverger uyisikhotha, hhayi umthetho wensimbi. Njengemithetho kazwelonke, i-clavevavava, futhi ukuziphatha okuvamile kweqembu elivamile kungavumela ukuncintisana kwezimiso ezinkulu. Nakancane, ithonya elikhulu futhi i-onke inani elikhona ezindaweni ezikhona kanye kanye.

Izinzuzo Eziqinile Zezimiso Ezimbili Zamaqoqo Ngaphansi Kwemithetho Ephakeme

Abasekeli bezimiso ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi esikweni lama-Anglo - America, baphikisa ngokuthi isimiso esinezingxenye ezimbili esiwumphumela sinikeza izinzuzo ezicacile ngokuphathelene nokuzinza kwezombangazwe. Inzuzo evame kakhulu ukuvezwa ukwakhiwa kohulumeni abaningi abayingxenye eyodwa [. Ohulumeni abanjalo bangadlulisa umthetho ngokushesha, banecala kumavoti, futhi abadingi izivumelwano eziqinile ezingase ziwohloke phakathi nenkathi yenhlekelele. Lokhu kunquma kubhekwa njengokuntengantengantengi kwezomnotho noma ukusongela kwesizwe.

Okwesibili, izimiso ezinkulu zivame ukuveza izigunyazo zokhetho olucacile. Abavota bakhetha iqembu elinendawo yesikhulumi ecacile, futhi lowomkhandlu ungaba negunya lokusebenzisa uhlelo lwalo. Esimisweni esinengxenye eziningi, ohulumeni abahlangene bavame ukuveza izimiso ezifiphaza izithembiso zokuqala zamaqembu athile, okukwenza kube nzima kakhulu kubavoti ukuba banikeze ityala noma ityala.

Okwesithathu, isimiso esinengxenye ezimbili sikhetha umvoti. Kunokuba bahambe ngemigqa ehlukene yamaqembu amancane, abavoti babhekene nokukhetha okubili (noma ukukhetha okunenye engathi sína). Lokhu kungandisa ukujika futhi kunciphise umthwalo wokuqonda ezakhamuzini, ikakhulukazi ezimisweni zokuqala zezimpawu lapho “ukuvota okungalawuleki” kuba lula ngokuqhathaniswa: ukuvota abangaphansi kwababili abakhulu.

Ekugcineni, izimiso eziyinhloko zihlobene nokuhlukana okuphansi kukahulumeni. Amakhothalo ezimisweni zePR angantengantenga, ikakhulukazi uma ehlanganisa abangane abakude bemibono. Ukuwa kukahulumeni ohlangene kungaphoqelela ukukhetha okusha, kuholele ekungaqinisekini kwezombangazwe. Ngaphansi kwezikhathi ze-kapitalitistism, uhulumeni olahlekelwa yisiqinisekiso angathathelwa indawo ngokuqondile ukuphikiswa, noma ukukhetha okusha kungabuyisela ukulingana (kaningi) kanye nokungaguquguquki kancane kwesikhulu.

Lezinzuzo ezizinzile azizona nje ezincane. Amazwe anjengeUnited Kingdom ne-United States aye ajabulela inkathi ende kahulumeni ophethe kahle, enezintambo ezicacile zegunya. Nokho, lokho kuzinza kuhambisana nezindleko: ukubonakaliswa kwamazwi amancane kanye nokuhlaliswa kwezithakazelo ezihlukahlukene.

Izinselele Zezimiso Ezinhlobonhlobo Ngaphansi Kwemithetho Eyinhloko

Uma isimiso sokhetho olukhulu sisetshenziswa emphakathini onezinhlangothi eziningi, ezingapheli njengokungathi uhlanga, ulimi, noma ukuhlukana kwezenkolo. Imiphumela ingaba yinkinga. Inselele yokuqala enkulu yiye- ingcono kakhulu. Izindawo ezithola ingxenye enkulu yevoti yesizwe kodwa engenayo indawo ebanzi kodwa engekhoyo ingaba ngaphansi kakhulu kwe-voti. Isibonelo, i-Liberal Democrates e-UK ngokuvamile iwina malunga ne 10-15% yevoti yesizwe kodwa ithole indawo encane yezihlalo ezimbalwa kuphela. Ku-UK jikelele, i-UKPUPRP (UIP) iwina kakhulu isihlalo se-votimential kodwa i-National Revotential, i-4% ithole izihlalogo ze-US.

Okwesibili, imithetho emikhulu ingaholela kumthetho eguquguqukayo yezombangazwe. Ngokujezisa amaqembu amancane, inciphisa izinhlobonhlobo zemibono emelelwe ephalamende. Lokhu kungaholela esimisweni sezombangazwe esihluleka ukusingatha ukukhathazeka kweqembu elincane, kusukela emaqenjini esizwe kuya kwabahlali bemvelo kuya kwabalwa nenqubo yokuzisebenzela. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amaqembu ahlukanisiwe angaphendukela ekuvukeleni okungalawuleki noma ngisho nasebudloveni, okungabangela ukuzinzisa isikhathi eside.

Okwesithathu, izimiso ezinkulu zingaba izikhawu ezinamandla zokuhlanganisa indawo kunokuba zifune ukuvumelana okukhulu, okuholela ekugqadweni kwe-rockbock kanye nokulwa okubuhlungu okubonwa ezombangazwe zamuva zase-US. Lokhu kuzuza kungenza uhulumeni aphumelele, naphezu kokuzinziswa kwesigaba esisodwa.

Okwesine, imifelandawonye eminingi ehlelwe ngaphansi kwemithetho enzima, − kaningi njengohulumeni abambalwa noma njengemifelandawonye engokomthetho ngemva kwephalamende elilengiwe − i-] ihlala ingaqinile[. Ngenxa yokuthi isimiso sokhetho asiyiklamanga, sihlangene singekho esidingweni kunamasiko. ECanada, i-ohulumeni abambalwa bavamile kodwa abaphila isikhathi esifushane, abathatha unyaka owodwa noma emibili kuphela ngaphambi kokuba uhulumeni omusha ophikisayo ulwelwelwelwelwe. E-UK, i-202062 kwakuyisivumelwano esingavamile esidingeka ngokucophelela i-Contenation; bahlangana ndawonye ngenxa yento egcwele, kodwa basekelana. Izwe elivamile liyi-PR, noma izinhlangano ze-Netherlands, zikhona, futhi zikhona izivumelwano ezisekela izivumelwano ezingokomthetho (e.) ngaphansi kwezivumelwano ezinkulu, izivumelwano zokusekelanaka.

Izenzakalo Zezigaba Eziningi ZobuNazi

Imibuso eminingana yentando yeningi emisiwe isebenzisa izimiso eziyinhloko kodwa inezimiso eziningi. Ukuhlola indlela ephathwa ngayo kukhanyisa ukungezwani phakathi kwemithetho ekhethiwe nokuzinza kwezombangazwe.

i-Canada[[FFLT:1] inesimiso sikahulumeni nge-FPP. Izwe libona amaqembu amane noma amahlanu akhethelwe iPhalamende: amaLiberal, amaConservative, ama-NDP, i-Bloc Québébécois, nezikhathi ezithile i-Greens. Kusukela ngo-2004, zonke izinyuko zikahulumeni ziye zaveza i-protomfanti noma i-fricine, ngokushiya kuka-2010, lapho amaphalamente avamile ewina iningi. Amaphalamende avamile aye aholela ehulumeni abafushane abaphilayo, ngesilinganiso seminyaka ehlala njalo phakathi kuka-66, no-2019. Lokhu ukungahleleki okuyehluka ngenkolelo yokuthi i-Promenti enkulu iveza uhulumeni. Nokho, umphakathi we-Canada uyakwazi ukumelana nanoma yiziphi iziphi izinhlangano zezombangazwe ezikhona; ukusekela kwemithetho yangempela.

I-Indiya ishaqisa kakhulu. Kusukela ngo-1914, ohulumeni abahlangene baye badla ngokwenzeka kakhulu eqophelweni likahulumeni, ngokuvamile behilela amaqembu angu-12 noma ngaphezulu. I-BJP's iwina ngo-2014 yaba eyokuqala ngeqembu elilodwa kusukela ngo-1988. Isimiso se-FPPPP siveze kakhulu; ngokwesibonelo, ngo-2014, i-BJP yawina 31% yevotisi kodwa 52% yezihlalo. Nakuba imifelandawo yaseNdiya iye yazinziwa i-kadelela", i-19994, i-Dredemocratic Allemation i-al Allemand idla izingxoxo zayo eziyinkimbinkimbi nezikhathi ezithile. Isimiso esikhulu sokuxhumana, sihlangene nesigaba se-ubuzwe laseNdiya, sivumele futhi ukuchuma kweqembu elincane, kodwa futhi ukukhomba izikhanyiselwa ezisebenzayo kakhulu, ikakhulukazi, amaSulumane amaqembu ama-S.

Fransa isebenzisa isimiso samandla amabili ahlangeneyo esihlangeneyo soMhlangano wesizwe. Lesimiso ngokuvamile siveza iningi elicacile ngengxenye eyodwa, kodwa futhi singakhipha ipalamende elihlukene lapho kungekho sivumelwano esiqinile. Ukhetho lwamashumi amabini22 lwemithetho yanquma lwaphumela epalamende enezingxenye ezintathu ze-Macroenne, i-opist NUPES, kanye ne-kude kakhulu kwesizwe i-Rlyn. Uhulumeni owenziweyo kwadingeka ukuba ulungise yonke imithetho, iholele ekukhipheni i-gropy kanye nokuya kwemithetho yezikhulu. Isimiso seFrance sezenezela ubunkimbi bezwe, njengoba umongameli eyala idinga isikhulu kodwa i-'iprovition. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ngisho nesimiso esiyinhloko sesizwe esithile sezwe esinezentengiselwayo, uma i-ethone yezombangazwe sihlangene kakhulu.

Ukulinganisela Ukuqina Nokumelela: Izinguquko Nezindlela Ezihlukile

Impikiswano phakathi kwezimiso eziyinhloko nezilinganisayo ngokuvamile ihlelwa njengokuthutha phakathi kokuzinza (uhulumeni ocacile) kanye nokumelela (ukuhlelwa kwemibono ehlukene). Nokho, umklamo wokuhlela unganciphisa amacala aphansi ombuso wobushiqela kuyilapho ulondoloza ezinye zezinzuzo zawo. Izinguquko eziningana ziye zahlongozwa noma zasetshenziswa emazweni ahlukahlukene.

Izimiso ezihlanganiswe-malungu ayinhloko (MMMM), ezisetshenziswa eJapane, e-South Korea, nase Mexico, zihlanganisa izigodi ezinezingxenye eyodwa ezinezihlalo ezilinganayo noma ezilandelanayo. Kuhlobo lwazo olulinganayo (MMMM), isilinganiso sesilinganiso asilungisi isigaba sesifunda esihlukaniswe nesigaba se-democratic Party, ngakho isimiso sisamukela amaqembu amakhulu. Kodwa sivumela amaqembu amancane ukuba awine izihlalo ezithile, anikeze izimpawu ezengeziwe. Isimiso se-MMMM, esenziwe ngo-19949, siholele ekuncintisaneni okungaphezulu okufana nesigaba phakathi kwe-Democratic ne-Dmocratic Party, kodwa namaqembu esithathu asaziveza.

i-cotentive Alternive (AV) iyisimiso esikhulu esisebenzisa amabhola anezigaba ukuqinisekisa ukuthi owinile usekela kakhulu. Isetshenziselwa iNdlu yoMmelelo. Isebenzisa i-Australia isebenzisela iNdlu yoMmelelo. Inciphisa ukuvota futhi ikhuthaze abazokufaka ngokumelene ukuba badlulise isisekelo, esingafinyeze ukuhla kwezwe. I-Australia igcine isimiso esiqinile esinengxenye ezimbili ezibuswa i-Liberal-Motional neQela yezisebenzi, namaGreens aphethe izihlalo ezimbalwa. I-AV ivame ukubonakala njengesimiso esikhulu sokukhetha esingcono kune-FTPP, nakuba sisekhona ngaphansi kwe-Exterreader.

Imikhawulo eqinile[ ezimisweni zePR ingalinganisela inani lamaphathi, ukuthuthukisa ukubusa. IJalimane inomnyango owesihlanu% weBundestag, oye wagcina isigaba esikude esiphezulu nesingalé (indawo engcono eJalimane enqamule lowomnyango ngo-2017). I-menu iyindlela yokulinganisela ukumelelwa nokuzinza phakathi kwe-bundestag.

Olunye ushintsho yimithetho yokubusa yemithetho yezenkolo. Ngisho nangaphansi kwemithetho emikhulu, amazwe angathatha imikhuba eyenza ohulumeni abambalwa noma abahlangene baqine. Ngokwesibonelo, izivumelwano ezihleliwe, izikhonzi eziholayo ezimiswe ngesivumelwano esicacile, kanye namavoti akhayo okungaqiniseki (kunganciphiswa uhulumeni ohlukile ukuba ukulungele) kunganciphisa ingozi yokuwa kukahulumeni. ICanada ne-UK zingamukela izindlela ezinjalo zokuthuthukisa ukuqina uma kungekho qembu elizuzayo.

Ukukhethwa kohlelo lwezivoteli kuxhomeke emongweni wezwe, emaphandleni ezenhlalo, nasenkabeni yezombangazwe. Alikho icebo elilinganayo eliphelele. Njengoba usosayensi wezombangazwe u-Arend Lijphart aphikisanayo izimfumbe ze-Democracy[, ukuvumelana kwemithetho yedemocratic (ngokuvamile ukusebenzisa i-PR) kuthambekele ekubeni nemithetho ebanzi ehlanganisa, enomusa, ethambile, kuyilapho i-Westminsternberg igcizelela ukuphumelela nokulandisa kobuphinduku. Ukuqina kwesimiso sesimiso akuwona umsebenzi wemithetho yaso ekhethekile; futhi kuxhomeke ebuhlotsheni phakathi kweqembu, amandla omphakathi, nomthetho womphakathi.

Isiphetho

Izimiso zokhetho ezinkulu zinethonya elikhulu ekuzinzeni kwezimiso zeqembu. Zikhuthaza kakhulu ukuvela kwezimiso ezimbili ezihlukene, ezingaveza ohulumeni abacacile, abalandisayo, nabanqumayo. Lokhu kuzinza kuvame ukuvezwa njengenzuzo eyinhloko ye-Westminster mode and the US Congress. Nokho, izimiso ezifanayo zingadala izinselele ezinkulu uma zisetshenziswa emiphakathini egcwele izigebengu ezijulile noma ezinqamule. Izimiso eziningi ezisebenza ngaphansi kwemithetho emikhulu ngokuvamile zihlushwa ukumelelwa okungalingani, ukufakwa kwevota okungemthetho, ukuvikelwa okungalungile, ukuvithwa okungenamdlanganye, ukuhlanganisa okungakhi kwe-votarversalcan, nokusebenza okuthambileyo okungalawulekiyo ezimisweni ezingahleleki.

Izibonelo ezivela e-UK, e-US, eCanada, eNdiya, naseFrance zibonisa ukuthi ukuhlobana phakathi kwezimiso ze-votor kunye nokuzinza akunqandeki. Imiphumela ixhomeke enanini nasemuva kwezindawo ezihlukene zomphakathi, ukusekelwa kwendawo, kanye nempucuko yokuhlelwa kwezinhlangano. Izinguquko ezinjengezingxenye ezixubile zezimiso zobumboni noma ukuvota okuhlukile kungalinganisela ukulinganisela ukuma nokwemelela. Njengoba i-democraticism i-democriation, abenzi bemithetho nezakhamuzi kumelwe bazilinganise ngokucophelela le mithetho yokuhwebela, njalo baqaphele ukuthi imithetho engokongathathiwe hlangothini ayithathi hlangothini oluyikho isisekelo sokuncintisana kwezombangazwe okuthatha indawo.

Ukuze kufundwe ngokwengeziwe ngalendaba, imithombo evela e-Electoral Reformation Society, , i-Electoral Knethiwekhi yolwazi [[, ne [[[FLT]] ye-International IDEA[[[FLT:] [FLT]] inikeza ukwaziswa okubanzi nokuhlaziya izimiso zokhetho nemiphumela yazo. Izinkolelo-Actemudetic zisebenza njenge Lijtat’s's [[FLT:]] izisekeli zentando yentando yezwe [[FLT:] [FLT:][FLT]][FLT] [FL:9] kanye [FLC]] ne-DUG: [FP]