Isizathu Sokuba Izakhiwo Zokubusa Zinqume Imiphumela Yokuntuleka Kwemvelo

Izimo eziphuthumayo zempilo yomphakathi ziveza amandla ayisisekelo nobuthakathaka banoma yimuphi uhulumeni. Umqedazwe we-COVOID-19 wabonisa ukuthi isimo sokubusa asisona nje isimo esiyisisekelo kodwa isici esiyinhloko sendlela ephumelela ngayo isizwe sivikela umphakathi waso. Kusukela ekutholeni ekuqaleni kuya ekusakazeni umjovo wokugoma, zonke izigaxa zesifo zicwebezwa ngemishini yesinqumo sombuso. Ukuqonda ubuhlobo phakathi kwezimiso zokubusa nezimiso zezempilo kubalulekile kubenzi bemithetho, izikhulu zezempilo zomphakathi, nezakhamuzi ezifuna ukwakha izinhlangano eziqinile.

Izimiso zokubusa zithonya izilinganiso ezintathu ezibucayi zokusabela kobhadane: isivinini sokwenza izinqumo, izinga lokwaziswa okusetshenziselwa ukuqondisa isimiso, kanye nezinga lokuthobela umphakathi ngeziqondiso zempilo. Lezi zilinganiso zisebenza ngezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi, ziveza imiphumela ehlukene kakhulu ezimisweni zezombangazwe. Izwe eliphumelela kakhulu ekugcwalisekeni okusheshayo lingase lilwele ukulondoloza ukwethenjwa komphakathi esikhathini eside, kuyilapho isizwe esibeka phambili ekuhlonzeni okusobala kungase kuntengantenge engxenyeni yokuqala.

Izifanekiso Zokubusa Zomkhuhlane Nezimiso Zazo Zempilo

Ososayensi bezombangazwe bavame ukuhlukanisa izimiso zokubusa ngezinhlobo ezintathu ezibanzi: idemocratic, iphoqele, ne-project. Uhlobo ngalunye lusebenza ngezindlela ezihlukene ezilawula indlela izinkinga zempilo ezilawulwa ngayo. Lezi zinqubo zihlanganisa izinga lokubekwa kwezimo ekwenzeni izinqumo, indima yezindikimba eziqinile zesayensi, ubuhlobo phakathi kwezwe nemithombo yezindaba, kanye nezinqubo zokulandisa komphakathi.

Izimiso Zentando Yeningi: Ukuzikhulula Nokulandisa

Izakhiwo zokubusa kwedemokrasi zisakaza amandla emagatsheni amaningi nasemazingeni kahulumeni. Lokhu kuhlukana kudala ukuhlola nezilinganiso ezingavimbela ukuphambana noma ukuhlelwa okungafanelekile, kodwa futhi kunganciphisa ijubane lokusabela okuphuthumayo. Isimiso sezempilo somphakathi esilawulwa ngentando yeningi sidinga ukuvunyelwa kwemithetho, ukubukezwa komthetho, nokubonakala kwabaphathi. Amakomiti ahlola isayensi avame ukwenza indima engokomthetho ekutuseni ukuhlobisa, futhi lokhu kutusa kuhlolwa umphakathi.

Amandla ezimiso zentando yeningi asemandleni awo okuzivumelanisa nezici ezihambisana nokunikeza impendulo. Uma inkambiso ihluleka ukufinyelela imiphumela yayo ehlongozwayo, amaqembu okuphikiswa, izinhlangano zomphakathi, kanye nemithombo yezindaba ezizimele kungandisa ukunganeliseki komphakathi nokucindezela ohulumeni ukuba balungise indlela. Lendlela yokuzilungisa ngokwayo yabonakala iwusizo phakathi nobhadane lweCOVID-19 uma amazwe anjengo South Korea [ [[FLT]] kanye ne-Germanny uhulumeni] ilungisa amasuzubela abo ekusabeleni i-evovoverdial exdemiological mediaological ne revodition.

Amazwe edemokrasi athambekele ekufakeni imali eningi kakhulu ezinhlanganweni zezempilo nasezimisweni zokuhlola izifo phakathi nezikhathi ezingezona ezezikhawulo. Lokhu kutshala isikhathi eside kubonisa izisusa zezombangazwe ezisezimisweni zentando yeningi, lapho izikhulu ezikhethiwe kumelwe zibonise khona izinzuzo ezingokoqobo kubantu bazo. Ukusetshenziswa kwempilo emazweni entando yeningi kukhulu kakhulu njengephesenti le-GDP, futhi lamazwe asengozini enkulu yokuhlanganyela ebudlelwaneni bezempilo emhlabeni wonke njenge-Global World Health Organization’s Influenza Surveillance and Resolution System.

Nokho, izimiso zentando yeningi zibhekene nokungenwa sengozini okukhulu: ukufakwa kwenqubo yezempilo. Ukukhetha kungadala izisusa eziphambene zohulumeni zokudambisa izingozi noma ukuthatha izinyathelo ezingathandeki. Ngokwesibonelo, i-United States, yabhekana nokuhlukahluka okukhulu ekusabelweni kwezwe phakathi nobhadane lwe-COVID-19, eneziphakamiso ezihlukene ezigunyaza ukufihla, ukuvala, nokukhuthaza ukugoma. Lokhu kucekela phansi imizamo yesizwe futhi kwabangela ukufa okungandile.

Izimiso Zomgunyathi: Ijubane Nokufakwa Kwezingxenye Eziphakathi

Isikhulu sokubusa sigxilisa amandla okwenza izinqumo eqenjini elincane labaholi noma isikhulu esisodwa, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kokuqondisa okubalulekile kwemithetho noma ukuhlola okuzimele kwezezindaba. Le nqubo yenza ukuba kusetshenziswe ngokushesha izinhlelo eziqinile zempilo yomphakathi, kuhlanganise nemingcele yokuhamba, nokuhlola okuphoqelelwe. uChina] [[FLT]] wabonisa lelikhono ekuqaleni konyaka ka-202020] lapho livalelwe i-Wuhan, idolobha elin eyizigidi ezingu-11 abantu ababoshelwe ngezikhathi ezimbalwa zesinqumo esisengxenyeni kahulumeni ephakathi.

Isimo esisemqoka sezimiso ze-pholiary sivumela izakhiwo ezihlangene zokuyala eziqeda izingxabano ezilawula imibuso kanye nezikhulu ezilwayo. Imithombo ingathunyelwa ezindaweni eziphambili ngaphandle kwempikiswano yephalamende noma izinselele ezingokomthetho. Phakathi nobhadane lwe H1N1 ngo-2009, uhulumeni we-denaricial weVietnam wasungula isimiso sokuvala isikole ezweni lonke phakathi namahora angu-48, isivinini esingafinyelelwa izimiso ezimbalwa zentando yeningi ngenxa yemfundo ehloniphekile.

Nokho, izimiso zobuphoqelelo zibhekene nobuthakathaka obuyisisekelo: ukucindezelwa kokwaziswa. Lapho zibika imiphumela emibi yempilo isongela ukuzinza kwezombangazwe noma ukuhola, izikhulu zendawo zingabika amacala, ukufa, noma imiphumela ehlukene yokugoma. Lokhu kwaziswa kuhlehlisa izinga lemininingwane ye-exdemiology edingekayo ukuze iphendule ngokuphumelela. Phakathi nezinyanga zokuqala ze-COVOVID-19, uhulumeni waseChina wavala ukufushaniswa kodokotela ophehlayo uLi Wenliang nowembulela imingcele yezenhlalo emayelana nokugqashuka, uvimbela ukuqamba kwemizwa kwegciwane emhlabeni wonke.

Umqedazwe wesikhathi eside olungiselelwe ezimisweni zempoqo ngokuvamile unenkinga ehlobene: ukuwohloka kwezimiso zezempilo zomphakathi phakathi nezikhathi ezizinzile. Ohulumeni abagunyazi bangamisa ukukhula kwezomnotho, ukusetshenziswa kwempi, noma imisebenzi yezekhono ekwakheni amandla empilo. Lokhu kunganaki kuba sobala lapho kugadla inhlekelele, njengoba kwenzeka phakathi nonyaka ka-2014 wokuqubuka kwe-Ebola e-Equatorial Guinea, lapho izakhiwo zezempilo ezilinganiselwe nomphakathi wesizwe ungakwazi ukubhekana nemizamo.

Izimiso Ze - Hyprid: Ukuhamba Phakathi Kwezimo

Amazwe amaningi awangeni kahle eqenjini lentando yeningi noma lempoqo kodwa asendaweni exubile nezici zazo zombili izimiso. Lamalungiselelo okubusa ngokuvamile avela enhlanganiseleni yezombangazwe zokhetho nemisebenzi yempoqo, njengokhetho olugunyaziwe, inkululeko yezokuxhumana ebekelwe imingcele, noma izinhlolo ezinganele emandleni aphethe. Russia , TYMY, [[FLT:]], kanye [[FLT: 4.]] izimpawu ezivamile zemithetho exubile ehlangene eyabhekana nezinselele phakathi nobhadayo.

Izimiso zesimiso sobuhlanya zivame ukuhlanganisa izici ezimbi kakhulu zazo zombili izinhlobo zokubusa phakathi nezinkinga. Zintula ukubonakala nokulandisa okwakha ukwethemba umphakathi embusweni wentando yeningi, kodwa futhi azinawo amandla angaguquki okuphoqelela imibuso ecindezelayo ukuba ivumele ukuphoqelelwa. Izikhulu zezempilo zomphakathi zaseRussia zabika ubunzima obukhulu ekulondolozeni ukuhlolwa nokugoma ngoba umphakathi awuthembanga imininingwane kahulumeni neziqondiso ezicatshangelwayo zempilo njengezindlela zokulawula imibuso yezempilo yomphakathi.

Noma kunjalo, ngezinye izikhathi izinhlelo ze-pronetic zingaveza imiphumela ephumelelayo uma ohulumeni bendawo noma bezifunda belondoloza ukuzibusa nekhono lobuchwepheshe naphezu kokuhola kwesizwe okunephutha. EBrazil, esebenza ngaphansi kwesibonelo esiqinile esilawulwa uhulumeni onamandla, abanye ohulumeni bombuso basebenzisa izinyathelo eziqinile ngo-2020 naphezu kokuphikisa kukaMongameli Bolsanoro ukuvala izintambo. Lokhu kuncishiswa kokubulala okuncishiswe kodwa okusabelayo endaweni ethile kuncishiswe izifunda ezithile uma kuqhathaniswa nenqubo yezwe kuphela eyayingaveza.

Ukuzilungiselela Okusabisayo Ngaphesheya Kwezimiso Zokubusa

Ukulungisa i-pandemic kuhlanganisa wonke umjikelezo wokuvimbela, wokuthola, wokusabela, nokubuya. isigaba ngasinye sibeka imfuno ehlukene ezimisweni zokubusa, futhi amandla noma ubuthakathaka besimiso esithile bubonakala emaqophelweni ahlukene emjikelezweni. Ukuhlola okubanzi kumelwe kuhlole ukusebenza kwazo zonke izigaba ezine kunokugxila kuphela ezindleleni zokusabela zokuqala.

Ukuvimbela Nokudla

Ukuvimbela kudinga ukutshala imali egciniwe ezisekelweni zezempilo, ezinhlanganweni zezifo ezihlola izifo, nasemagumbini okucwaninga. Izimiso zedemokrasi zihamba phambili kule ngxenye ngoba zisekela ukusekelwa kobuningi kochwepheshe besayensi, abantu bezizwe zonke, nezinhlangano zomphakathi. IGlobal Health Index, elinganisa ukulungiselelwa kwezwe ngezimpawu eziningi, ibonisa ukuthi amazwe abusa ngentando yeningi afinyelela isilinganiso esiphakeme ngokwesilinganiso njengokutholwa nokubikwa, amandla empilo, kanye nokuvumelana nezimiso zezizwe zomhlaba.

Izimiso zezikhulu ezivame ukuncishiswa isisekelo sempilo esiqinile ngoba izinzuzo ziyasakazeka, zithatha isikhathi eside, futhi kunzima ukubeka izinqumo ezithile zobuholi. Izisusa zezombangazwe zithanda imisebenzi engcono kakhulu ekwakheni isakhiwo sokulungisa nokukwazi ukuthwala amakhono. Lapho i-China ifakelwa enqolobaneni yesitimela eneziteshi eziphezulu nezakhiwo eziphambili, yavumela i-China Center for Disease Control and Prevention ukuba ihlale ingaphansi kwezisebenzi ezisebenzayo futhi ikhuliswe de kube yilapho i-SARS iqala inguquko ephoqelelwe ngo 2003.

Ukubambisana kwezizwe zonke, okuyisici esibalulekile sokuhlola izifo, kuxhomeke ezimisweni zokulawula ezisekela ukuhlanganyela ukwaziswa. Izimiso zedemocratic zithambekele kakhulu ekuhlanganyeleni ngokusobala ezimisweni zembulunga yonke zokulawula impilo, kuhlanganise ne-International Health Regionalment ne-WHO YONTS, inqubo ye-OURC. Izimiso zobucukubhede zivame ukumelana nokuhlolwa kwezimiso zempilo zazo emhlabeni wonke futhi zingagodlela amasampula noma ukwaziswa okungasebenza ezindaweni zokuhlola imbulunga yonke.

Ikhono Lokusabela

Uma umqedazwe uqala, amandla okusabela axhomeke esivinini nasemgangathweni wokwenza izinqumo. Izimiso zobucukubhede zingasebenzisa imithombo ngokushesha futhi ziphoqelele ukuba kufakwe izinyathelo ezizobhekana nezinselele ezingokomthetho noma zezombangazwe embusweni wentando yeningi. Ikhono leChina lokwakha izibhedlela zesikhashana ngezinsuku nokuphoqelela ukugcinwa kwezindawo ngemishini nokuqashelwa kwamaphoyisa abonise inzuzo esemthethweni yegunya eliphethe phakathi nesigaba esibucayi senkinga.

Izimiso zedemokrasi zibuyisela ukusabela kokuqala okuthatha kancane ngakumandla aphakeme okuzivumelanisa. umbuso weUnited Kingdom ekuqaleni walwa nobunzima bokuhlola nokunikeza ukuphathwa kwamaketanga emishini yokuvikela umuntu, kodwa ukuba sobala kwalesi simiso kwavunyelwa ososayensi abazimele namakomiti ephalamende ukuba baphawule ukuhluleka nokucindezela uhulumeni ukuba athuthuke. Ngokungafani, ukulandisa konyaka wokuqala we-zero-sekhemini, lokho izazi zezempilo zezizwe ngezizwe zonke eziye zakungakukholelwa kakhulu, kuvimbela noma yikuphi ukulandisa okunenzuzo kokuhluleka ukuphendula.

Ukwabiwa kwemithombo yezenzuzo phakathi nomqedazwe kwembula izici ezijulile zokubusa. Izimiso zedemocratic ezihlanganisa izinhlangano zomphakathi womphakathi nabadlali bakahulumeni bendawo zithambekele ekusakazeni imithombo ngokulinganayo ezifundeni nasezindaweni nasemaqenjini abantu. E-Afrika yaseNingizimu[, ubuhlobo bukahulumeni nezisebenzi zezempilo zomphakathi kanye nezinhlangano zomphakathi zathuthukisa ukukwazi ukuhlolwa nokugoma emiphakathini engaphansi kwezinselele ezinkulu zezemisebenzi yemvelo. Izimiso zobucustoli zivame ukusakaza imithombo esekelwe ezintweni eziza kuqala zezombangazwe kunezidingo zempilo, ukusekela izikhungo zamadolobha nezindawo ezinethonya ezindaweni zasemaphandleni noma eziphikisayo kwezombangazwe.

Ukwethemba Umphakathi Nokubambisana Kokuziphatha

Impumelelo yanoma isiphi isilinganiso sempilo yomphakathi ixhomeke ekuthotshelweni ngokuzithandela kwabantu.Ohulumeni bangagunyaza izifihla - buso, ukuxega kwezenhlalo, nokugoma, kodwa ukuphoqelelwa kokugcinwa kwemithetho kuphela ngeke kufeze ushintsho oluqhubekayo lwendlela yokuziphatha oludingekayo ukuze kuncishiswe ukusakazeka kwamagciwane. Ukwethembela komphakathi ezinhlanganweni zikahulumeni nasezikhulwini zezempilo kuyisici esibalulekile sokulalela.

Izimiso zedemokrasi ezigcina ukubonakala kahle nokungaqiniseki zithambekele ekulondolozeni ukwethembana komphakathi ngisho noma izimiso zihluleka noma zidinga ukulungiswa. New Zealand uhulumeni wabamba izingqungquthela zezokunyathelisa ezivamile nezikhulu zezempilo ezanikeza ubufakazi ngokucacile ezisekelwe ezinqumweni, kuhlanganise nokuvuma lapho ulwazi lungaphelele. Lendlela iqhubeke ilandela amazinga aphakeme okulalela ngemikhawulo ephansi nangemingcele yomngcele phakathi konyaka ka-202020 no-2021.

Izimiso zobucukubhede zibhekene nokuswelakala kokwethenjelwa kwezakhiwo ngenxa yokuthi izakhamuzi azikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukwaziswa okungokomthetho ngezindlela ezizimele. Lapho uhulumeni waseChina uqale ukuvimbela ukwaziswa okuphathelene nokudluliselwa kwabantu ku-COVID-19, kwalimaza unomphela ukuthembela kwezokuxhumana kwezempilo okungokomthetho. Imikhankaso yokugoma yamuva eChina yabhekana nokungabaza naphezu kokungabikho kwenhlangano ehleliwe elwa nokulwa ne-antigin, esikisela ukungaqiniseki okukhulu ngemininingwane kahulumeni.

Izimiso ze-hybrid zibhekene nezinselele ezinkulu kakhulu zokuthembana ngoba zihlanganisa ukwaziswa okulinganiselwe nenkohlakalo kanye nokungalawuleki. ERussia, amaphesenti angu-45 kuphela abantu ababonisa ukuzimisela ukuthola umjovo we-COVID-19 lapho uqala ukutholakala, futhi amazinga angempela okugoma asala phakathi kwabaphansi kakhulu eYurophu kulo lonke ubhadane. Inkolelo yabantu yokuthi uhulumeni wayesebenzisa imininingwane yezezimali futhi wabeka phambili ukuqina kwezombangazwe kwezempilo yomphakathi onakalisa wonke umzamo wokugoma.

Ukululama Nokufunda Isikhathi Eside

Isigaba sokululama kobhadane sihilela ukwakhiwa kabusha kwezomnotho, ukuvuselelwa kwesimiso sokunakekela impilo, nokufundiswa kwezezenhlalakahle. Izimiso zedemocratic ngokuvamile ziqhuba ngokuzinfuna nokuhlola kwephalamende okuveza ukuhluleka kwezincwadi futhi kuveze ukutusa kokulungiselelwa kwesikhathi esizayo. Lemibuzo ingaholela ekushintsheni kwemithetho, ekuhleleni izakhiwo zangempela, noma ekuhleleni kabusha okuthuthukisa ukuqina isikhathi eside.

I-United Kingdom’s Public Inquiry e-COVID-19 ewumqedazwe, nakuba isaqhubeka, isiye yaveza ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kokuhluleka ekuhlolweni kwekhono lokuhlola, izimiso zasekhaya, nokuphatha iketanga. Lokhu kutholakele kwakha ukucindezela kwezombangazwe kokuguqula futhi kunikeze ulwazi kubenzi bezimiso zesikhathi esizayo. Izimiso zobucukubhenengu azivamile ukwenza imibuzo enenjongo ngenxa yokuvuma ukuhluleka kusongela umholi. iChina ayizange iveze ukuhlaziya okuzimele kokusabela kwayo ebhabhetheleni, futhi izincwadi zangaphakathi zisikisela ukuhlaziya okungaveza ubuthakathaka okungabangelwa uhulumeni.

Ukungabikho kwemfundo yokuzisebenzela ezimisweni zempoqo kusho ukuthi ukuhlasela okufanayo kuyaqhubeka phakathi nezinkinga eziningi. Ukusabela kweChina ezindaweni ezifanayo eziphindaphindwayo eziningi zezindlela ezifanayo ezabonwa phakathi nokugqashuka kuka 2003 SARS, kuhlanganise nokucindezelwa kokwaziswa kokuqala, ukujeziswa kwabafutha impepho, nokuhlehlisa ukugana neziphathimandla zempilo zomhlaba wonke. Ngaphandle kokuziphendulela, ohulumeni abaphethe bantula izisusa ezingokomthetho zokumisa izinguquko ezisekelwe ekuhlulekeni kwesikhathi esidlule.

Ukuhlola Icala Ekubuseni Nokusabela Kobuhlanya

ENingizimu Korea: Ukuzivumelanisa Nentando Yeningi

Ukusabela kobhadane lwaseNingizimu Korea kubonakalisa amandla okubusa kwentando yeningi kuhlangene nekhono eliqinile lokuhlela. Ukuhlangenwe nakho kwezwe lokuqubuka kwe-CURS kwabangela ukucindezela kwezombangazwe ukuze kuguqule isimiso sempilo somphakathi, kuholele ekufakeni izimali ekuhlolweni kwezakhiwo, ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obulandelelana, kanye negunya lokulawula izinhlangano zokulawula izifo. Lapho i-COVID-19 yafika, i-South Korea yasungula inqubo yokusabela esekelwe ekuhloleni okusakazekile, ukuhlola kobuchwepheshe kwezimiso zobuchwepheshe, nokuxhumana okusobala ngaphandle kokuveza amalockdown anamandla abonwa eChina.

I-democratic module yavumela ukwamukela umphakathi ngokuxhumana okuyimfihlo ngenxa yokuthi uhulumeni wagcina amathuba asobala mayelana nokusetshenziswa kokwaziswa futhi wamisa izixwayiso ezingokomthetho ekuxhashazweni kokuhlolwa. Ukufingqa komphakathi ngesonto okuvela kuyi-Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency kwanikeza imininingwane yokuhlasela okuningi okungakhokhwa kwezakhamuzi ukuba zenze izinqumo ezinolwazi ngokuziphatha kwazo. Lenhlanganisela yekhono lobuchwepheshe nokuthenjelwa komphakathi kwaveza elinye lamazwe abulawa kakhulu phakathi nonyaka wokuqala walesi sifo.

EChina: Ukwehluleka Komgunyathi Nokwaziswa

Ukusabela kweChina ku-COVID-19 kubonisa kokubili amakhono nokulinganiselwa kobhadane lwezibhakela ezibusayo. Ukucindezelwa kokuqala kokwaziswa nge-novarvirus ye-irroscope ngo-December 2019 kwavumela leligciwane ukuba lisakazeke amasonto amaningi ngaphambi kokuba uhulumeni avume ukuthi ukuqubuka kukhulu. Lapho umholi esenqume ukwenza, isimiso esiphakathi saqoqa imithombo engavamile: ukwakhiwa kwezibhedlela ezisuselwe kuqala, ukuthunyelwa kwezisebenzi ezinakekela impilo ezidalweni ezihlukene kulo lonke izwe, nokugcinwa kokuhlukaniswa kwezingane okukhulu emlandweni wesintu.

Isimiso sobuphoqelelo safinyelela ukudluliswa okunganqamuki eChina maphakathi no-2020 ngenkathi igciwane lisasakazeka emhlabeni wonke. Nokho, le mpumelelo yavela ngezindleko ezinkulu: izikhawu ezaphazamisa izigidi zabantu, izimiso zokuqapha eziningi ezaqhubeka ngemva kobhadane, kanye nokungabikho ngokuphelele kobuculi bokwahlulela noma ukuxhumana komphakathi. Imiphumela yempilo yomphakathi emide yalezimiso ayikacaci ngoba uhulumeni uyaqhubeka evimbela ukuhlaziywa kwemiphumela ewumqedazwelo.

IJalimane: Ukubambisana Kwezizwe Nokubonana Kwangaphandle

Isimiso sikahulumeni waseJalimane, esabela igunya lempilo ezindaweni eziyi-16, ekuqaleni sadala izinkinga zobudlelwane phakathi nobhadane. Nokho, isiko eliqinile lalelizwe lokubambisana kohulumeni kanye nezimiso zesayensi ekugcineni laveza ukusabela okuphumelelayo. I-Robert Koch Institute yavela njengomthombo othembekile wemininingwane nesiqondiso, futhi izingqungquthela zamavidiyo phakathi kwabefundisi bezempilo zikahulumeni zazenza isimiso sokuhleleka naphezu kokuvinjelwa komthetho sisekelo.

Ukuhlolwa okukhulu kwemikhakha yaseJalimane nesimiso sokunakekela abagula kakhulu, ukuvota okubekwe ngaphansi kokubusa kwentando yeningi phakathi namashumi eminyaka, kwanikeza isisekelo esibucayi phakathi nobhadane. Ukuxhumana okusobala kukahulumeni ngamanani abantu, amandla esibhedlela, kanye nokusebenza kwemijovo kwagcina ukwethemba komphakathi kuwo wonke amagagasi amaningi okungenwa yizifo. Nakuba iJalimane yafa kakhulu phakathi negagasi lesibili, ukusebenza kwayo yonke kubonisa indlela uhulumeni wentando yeningi ongazivumelanisa ngayo nenkinga ngokubambisana kwezimiso zomphakathi kunokuba ulwe nezindawo eziphakathi.

Izingcindezi Zokulawula Impilo Yembulunga Yonke

Ubuhlobo phakathi kwezimiso zokubusa kanye nokulungiselela ukubambisana kwempilo emhlabeni wonke bunemiphumela ejulile. I-International Health Programs, enikeza uhlelo olungokomthetho lokuhlola izifo zembulunga yonke nokusabela, ithatha izinga eliyisisekelo lokubona nokulalela okunganikezwa ngokusemthethweni. Ukuhluleka okuphindaphindiyo kohulumeni ababushiqela ukubika ukwaziswa okugqashukayo ngokushesha kuye kwazilulaza izimiso zezembuyiselo zembulunga yonke zakuqala futhi kwavumela izifo ukuba zisakazeke emhlabeni wonke ngaphambi kokuba kusungulwe izinyathelo zokuthatha isinyathelo.

Izinhlangano zomhlaba wonke zibhekene nenkinga eqinisekile: ukuthi zingahileleka kanjani nohulumeni abakhohlakele abalawula ukwaziswa okuphawulekayo okuhlasela imbubhiso nempilo yabantu ngaphandle kokugunyaza imikhuba yokubusa ebangela ukuhlangana kwempilo isikhathi eside. INhlangano yezempilo yezwe lonke i-China phakathi nobhadane lwe-COVOVAD, ephawulwa ngokuzithoba kuziphathimandla zaseChina futhi engafuni ukugxeka ukucindezelwa kolwazi, ilimaza ukuthenjelwa nokuphumelela kwenhlangano.

Ukuqinisa ukuvuselelwa kwembulunga yonke kudinga ukubusa kwenguquko ezweni, hhayi nje isakhiwo sekhono lobuchwepheshe. Ukuthatha isinyathelo sezempilo sezizwe zonke kufanele kuhlanganise izinqubo ezilawulayo ezivuza ukubonakala, ukulandisa, kanye nokuhlanganyela komphakathi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezindawo ezilinganayo zokucwaninga kanye nemibhede yezindawo ezisezibhedlela. Amazwe alondoloza izikhungo zesayensi ezizimele, avikela amalungelo ezisebenzi zempilo, futhi aqinisekisa ukufinyelela ukwaziswa phakathi nezimo eziphuthumayo zempilo kufanele athole ukufinyelela kosizo lwezempilo lwembulunga yonke lwezempilo nezobuchwepheshe.

I-American Pandemic Lingleryness Plan ne-European Health Union imelela imizamo yokuhlela izifundo ze-COVID-19 phakathi kwezinhlelo zokubusa kwentando yeningi. Lezi zinyathelo zisebenza ezimisweni zokuhlola, amandla okukhiqiza kwezokwelapha, kanye nezindlela zokubambisana kuyilapho zilondoloza ukulandisa kwentando yeningi ngokuqondisa kwephalamende nombiko womphakathi. Ukuthi lokhu kutshala izimali kusinda ngokuphumelela ezinguquko zezombangazwe futhi kuncintisane nezinye izinto eziza kuqala kuhlala kuyimpikiswano esobala, kodwa isisekelo sokulawula esizakhelweyo siyo esizolungisa ukusakazeka kwamashumi eminyaka azayo.

Isiphetho: Ukubusa Njengomsekeli Wezempilo

Ubufakazi obuvela kubhubhane oluningi, kuhlanganise ne-COVOID-19, i-H11, ne-Ebola, bubonisa ukuthi izimiso zokubusa azizona izisekelo ezingathathi hlangothi zokusebenzisa isimiso sempilo yomphakathi kodwa izinqanda ngokuphumelelayo zemiphumela yempilo. Izimiso zedemocratic zidala izimo zokuzilungiselela okungaguquguqukiyo okulungiselelwe ngokubona, ukulandisa, nokuthembisana komphakathi, ngisho nalapho ukusabela kwazo kokuqala kuthatha ijubane ngemva kobushiqela. Izimiso zobugunya zingakhipha izinyathelo ezisheshayo kodwa ezihlelekile ezivimbeleni nasekuhlehliseni ulwazi, ziveza ukubonakala kobuningi besikhathi.

Asikho isimiso sokubusa esingcono kakhulu ngokwemvelo kuzo zonke izigaba zobhadane. Inhlanganisela efanelekile ingahlanganisa amandla ombuso ombuso ombuso owenziwe ngokushelelayo, ngokubambisana nesibopho sobudemokrasi sokubonana, amalungelo abantu, nokufunda ngezimiso. Inselele esebenzayo isekuklameni izinguquko zokubusa eziqinisa ukulondeka kwempilo yesizwe ngaphandle kokunika amandla asongela ukuqungatha nokulawula. Izinhlangano zezempilo zomhlaba wonke kumelwe zithuthukise izisekelo ezivuza ukuhlanganyela kokwaziswa okusobala, iseluleko esingokwesayensi esizimele, kanye nokwenza izinqumo eziphelele, zidala izisusa zokuthuthukisa ukubusa ngisho nokumelana nenguquko yesimiso sezentando yeningi.

Ubhadane lwesikhathi esizayo lwemizamo yokuhlela ukubusa izakhiwo eziphethe izakhiwo ezihambisana nokusetshenziswa kwezakhiwo zezemisebenzi. Amazwe afaka imali ezikhungweni zezempilo ezizimele, asekela uphenyo lwezesayensi futhi avikela izinhlangano zomphakathi ayoba alungele kangcono isimo esiphuthumayo sempilo esilandelayo kunamazwe agxilisa amandla, acindezele ukwaziswa, futhi athule abagxeki. Uhlelo lukahulumeni alunqunyiwe ekusabeni kobhadane, kodwa luhlela imiphumela engenzeka ngezindlela ezifuna ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela abakhi bezimiso zomthetho nomphakathi.