Ukuzwa kwe-Congress kuye kwaba indlela echazayo yokulungisa ukuhlelwa kokuhlakanipha kokwenziwa (AI) kanye nobuchwepheshe e-United States. Njengoba izimiso ze-Al zigcwele izingxenye ezibucayi − ukuhlola, ukwahlulela kobugebengu, imithetho yezephulamthetho, izimoto ezizimele, nokwenziwa kwezezimali (isidingo sokuqondisa okuqinile nokwenza isimiso sobungcweti sobungcweti bezimiso zokwenziwa). Lokhu kulalela kusebenza njengomphakathi lapho abenzi bomthetho, izazi zezesayensi yezesayensi yezesayensi yezemisebenzi, abaholi bezezezezentengiselwano, abaholi bezentengiselwano, nomphakathi ungahlola izingozi, izinqola zezentethelelo ezingokomthetho, nokuhlola inqubo yomthetho.

Ukuziphendukela Kokuqondisa Kwezigaba Zomphakathi Ngezobuchwepheshe

Ukwengamela ubuchwepheshe be-Congress akuyona into entsha. Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zomsakazo nethelevishini kuya ekukhuleni kwe-Internet ne-computer, ukuzwa kwemithetho kuye kwabhekana ngezikhathi ezithile nomphumela wezimo zobuzwe wenguquko. Nokho, inkathi yamanje yokuhlakanipha kokwenziwa iveza izinselele ezihlukile: Izimiso ze-Al aziyona imikhiqizo esendaweni kodwa eziguquguqukayo kodwa ezifiphele, ezifinyezayo, futhi ngokuvamile ezingaqondakali. Ijubane le-AIP / projective / syncromess projective formal formal formage, i-aultradiation AI, nezimiso ze-aciomation.

Izindlebe zokuqala ze-IP eziphezulu kunyaka ka-2010 zagxila kakhulu ethonyeni lezentengiselwano engokomnotho lokuzisebenzela nokushenxiswa kwemisebenzi. Ngasekupheleni konyaka ka-2020 kanye nasekuqaleni ko-2020, inkulumo yakhula yahlanganisa ubandlululo, ukuqaphela ubuso, kanye nokusikisela okungokobuchwephesha. Uchungechunge lwezindlebe, ikakhulukazi oluhilela ama-CEO enkampani ehamba phambili ye-AIP enjengo-OpenAI, Google, noMicrosoft, lwaphawula iqopheli. Lezi zinhlelo zaveza ukunaka okungakazeki okungakaze kubonwe futhi zaqokomisa ukumiswa kwezimiso zokuphatha i-alcial eqe imingcele edlula i-AIngmogue.

Izindawo Eziyinhloko Zokugxila Ezindlebeni Eziwumumo

Izikhulu zanamuhla zezikhulu zemithetho ye-Al nezobuchwepheshe zijikeleza njalo ezihlokweni eziningana eziyinhloko. Indawo ngayinye ibonisa isici esihlukile senselele enkulu yezimiso zokuziphatha nezimiso.

Ukuba Wedwa Nokulondeka Kwemininingwane

Izimiso ze-AII zidla ngokwaziswa. Izindlebe zikhuluma ngokuphindaphindiwe ngendlela izinkampani eziqoqa ngayo, ezigcina, futhi zisebenzise ngayo ukwaziswa komuntu siqu eziqeqesheni. OFakazi bavame ukufakazela ukuphulwa kokwaziswa, ukusetshenziswa kwemininingwane okungekho emthethweni, nokungakufanelekeli kwezimiso zokuvuma abathengi. Abenzi bomthetho bahlola izinga lapho imithetho eyimfihlo ihlala ikhona khona ngokuphazima kweso, njengokubiza umthetho ofana nowe-Heal Inshuwarectorial Portability nowal Act (HIPAA) kanye ne-Onnnntion Protection Protection Act (COP) kodwa bafaka izicelo ezikhethekile ze-AIP).

Ubuhle Nobuhle

Ubandlululo lwe-algolithim luyindaba eyinhloko ekhathazayo ngokwezimiso. Abaphathi-mthetho baye bahlola izimo lapho izimiso ze-Al ezicalulelwayo ngenxa yobuhlanga, ubulili, noma izenhlalo ngokusemthethweni ekuqasheni, ukuboleka, nokugweba ngecala. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuzwa ngemithetho yokuhlela imithetho yemithetho yemithetho ye-algoriths kwembula indlela imininingwane engokomlando engaqhubekisa ngayo ukucwasana kwezimiso. Ababenzi bomthetho babuza ofakazi ngokuhlola ukucwasana, ukuhlukahluka kwemizwa kolwazi, kanye nezindlela zokulandisa lapho imiphumela ekhombayo ivela. Ingxoxo ngokuvamile iholela ekuhlolweni okusemthethweni kokuphindwa kwezimiso eziphezulu ze-ayi - ailikia nezokuhlola ukuthembeka.

Ukubona Ingaphandle Nokuchazwa

Izimiso eziningi ze-AII, ikakhulukazi ezijulile, zisebenza njenge "amabhokisi amnyama" ." izinqubo zazo zangaphakathi zenza izinqumo zifiphele ngisho nakubathuthukisi bazo. Ukuzwa kuhlola isidingo sokuchazeka, ikakhulukazi emongweni lapho izinqumo ze-Al zithinta amalungelo abantu ngokuqondile, njengokunyusela isikweleti noma ukuxilonga kwezokwelapha. OFakazi baphikisana ngokungenakukwazi ukuchaza izithombe ezicaciswayo ngokulinganayo nezokudayisa izithombe eziyinkimbinkimbi. Abenzi bomthetho basunduzela izindinganiso zokubhala, njengamakhadi noma izingxebezo zemininingwane yokwaziswa, ukuthuthukisa ukuvaleka. Ukucindezela phakathi kokufihla intengiselwano ye-propriery nokulandisa kuwukuveza inguquko okuphindwayo okuphindwayo.

Ukulandisa Necala

Uma isimiso se-Al sidala ukulimala kwemoto ngokwaso, ukuboshwa okungalungile ngenxa yephutha lokuqaphela ubuso, noma ukuphikwa kwemithetho yokukhokha izinzuzo − ubani onomthwalo wemfanelo? Ukuzwa kwe-congregalia kulwa nezici ezidingayo ukuze kuxazululwe izimo ezinjalo. OFakazi abavela ekuziphenduleleni okungokomthetho, izimboni zomshuwalense, kanye nezinkampani zobuchwepheshe zinikeza imibono ephikisanayo. Abanye baphikisana ngokubekwa icala okuqinile kwabathuthukisi; abanye baveza umsebenzi wokunakekela; nokho, abanye basekela isivikelo esilinganiselwe sokukhuthaza ukusungulwa kwenkinga. Umqondo "algothrithmicric" uhlongoze umthetho kahulumeni ophefumlelwe, kuhlanganise nomthetho we-Accondation Accondation Act, odinga ukuhlolwa kwezimiso ze-Dricialgames.

Ukuphepha Nokulondeka

Ukuphepha kwezimiso ezithuthukile ze-Al, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinamandla okusebenzisa kabi noma ukwehluleka okubhubhisayo, kuye kwaba yisihloko esivelele sokuzwa. Ochwepheshe bafakazela izingozi zokuhlasela kwe-Al okugunyaziwe kwe-i-cobugry, izikhali ezizimele, kanye nokwehluleka "kwehluleka kwezimiso ze-Al" lapho izinqubo ze-Al ziphishekela khona imigomo engahlolwanga. Abenzi bomthetho bahlola isidingo sokugada i-red-team, ukuhlola ukuphepha okuzimele, ngisho nokuhlola intuthuko ethile ephezulu. Izingxoxo ngokuvamile ziveza izici ezinjenge-National Institute of Standardal and Technology (IS) Iklamessages eyingozi kanye nezindlela ezihamba emhlabeni wonke ezifana ne-Bletchley Declaractiodiotiotiom ezivikela i-A.

Ithonya Emsebenzini Nasemsebenzini

Ukukhathazeka kokuzisebenzela kuye kwaba yinto eyinhloko ezindlebeni ze-Al kusukela ekuqaleni. Inkulumo iye yavela ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umsebenzi okulula izibikezelo zokuhlanganisa ushintsho lomsebenzi, isidingo sokubulala izinhlelo, kanye nethuba lokuthola i-Al ukuze kuthuthukiswe umsebenzi. Ukuzwa kuhlola imiphumela yamakhomune e-alcium (-manfactrical, inkonzo yamakhasimende, ukucwaninga ngokomthetho, ukuhlolwa kobushiqela bamanetha angokwenhlalo. Abenzi bomthetho ngokuvamile bamema abameleli nabaqondisi bentuthuko yezemisebenzi ukuba banikeze izimo eziyisisekelo zemali eziyisisekelo ze-ontaths (UBI) ukuze baveze inqubo ende, nakuba ihlala iphikisana.

Ukulondeka Kwesizwe Nokuncintisana Kwezombangazwe

I-AI iyisici esibucayi seqhinga lesizwe lokuphepha. Ukulalela phambi kweSigele se-Admittery Services and Houseland Security Committee ikhuluma ngezinhlelo zempi ze-Al, kusukela ku-drone ye-a, kuya ku-ogss kuya ekuhlaziyweni kokuhlakanipha. Abenzi bomthetho bacabangela futhi amandla okuncintisana neChina kanye namanye amazwe aqongelela kakhulu e-Al. Ubufakazi obuvela kuzikhulu zokuzivikela nabaholi bomphakathi abahlakaniphile bugcizelela isidingo sokulondoloza ukuphakama kwezobuchwepheshe kuyilapho kulawula imingcele engokokuziphatha empini. Impikiswano emayelana nezimiso ezibulalayo izikhali ezizimeleyo (LAWS) ihlala iphambili, kanye namalungelo abantu abamele ukuvikelwa kwempi.

Ithonya Ezindaweni Zokuqondisa Nokuqondisa

Izindlebe ze-Congregation akuyona nje ingxoxo; zitshela ngokuqondile i-patparter yemithetho. Amabhuloho aqaliswe ngemva kokuqulwa kwecala elikhulu avame ukuhlanganisa izinkathazo nokutusa okuphakanyiswa phakathi nobufakazi. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Dimolimetic Accounting Act, eqala ukusungulwa futhi yaqiniswa ezinhlanganweni ezilandelayo, akha ngokucacile ngokuzwa ubufakazi obuphathelene nokucwasana nokubona. I-AII Bill of Rights, ekhishwe yi-White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, ngokufanayo yathathwa ezingxoweni zokuzwa ngokuphathelenezelweni eziphathelenezelelwa ekuvikeleni amalungelo omphakathi.

Ukulalela futhi kusheshisa ukuthatha isinyathelo sokulawula ezingeni lenhlangano. Ngemva kokuzwa ngokuqaphela ubuso, iFederal Trade Commission (FTC) yandisa ukugcinwa kokulwa nemikhuba ye-II ekhohlisayo. I-Department of Commerce yamisa i-II Safety Institute ngemva kokuzwa ubufakazi ngesidingo sokuhlolwa okusemthethweni. Nakuba i-Congress iqhubeka ngamabomu ngomthetho we-Al, ukuzwa kusebenza njengempoqolo enyanzelweni yokuthatha izinyathelo zokuzilawula nokuzilawula ngokwayo. Izinkampani eziningi zobuchwepheshe zamemezela izibophono zokuzithandela ekuvikelekeni kwe-Alheat kanye nokubonakala kokukhanya kwezindlebe eziphezulu, izimpawu zokuthi usongo lomthetho lungaguqula ukuziphatha kweze ngisho nangaphambi kokuba imithetho yenze.

Naphezu kwale miphumela, abagxeki baphawula ukuthi ukuzwa kungaholela ekunakekeleni ngaphandle kokulandela ngokusemthethweni. Umthetho ngokuvamile uvala ukungavumelani ngenxa yokususa izilinganiso zomthetho, ukulahlwa kwemithetho kahulumeni, noma amalungiselelo ayingozi. Noma kunjalo, umphumela ophindaphindiwe wokuzwa ngesihloko uveza umlando abenzi bezimiso besikhathi esizayo abangawusebenzisa.

Indima Yobufakazi Obuqaphile Nenkulumo Yomphakathi

Impumelelo yezindlebe zomphakathi ixhomeke ezingeni nasezindabeni zofakazi abahlukahlukene. AmaKomiti avame ukumema ingxubevange yabameleli bezinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe, abacwaningi bezemfundo, izinhlangano zomphakathi, nezinhlangano zikahulumeni. Ukuba khona kwezazi zezimiso nezazi ezingokomthetho kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokuziphatha nefilosofi liyamukeleka emoyeni. Eminyakeni yamuva, kuye kwaphoqeleka ukuba kuhlanganiswe amazwi abantu abachaphazeleke ngokuqondile ngenxa yokulimala kwe-AI, njengabantu abangaphansi kwezindawo zokulawula noma izisebenzi ezifudukiswe ngemishini engekho emthethweni.

Ukuhlanganyela komphakathi kudlulela ngalé kobufakazi. Izindaba zisakazwa zikhona, kudluliselwe imithombo yezindaba nenkulumo yeningi. Amaqembu afundisayo asebenzisa ukuzwa ukuze acindezele abashicileli bemithetho ngokuhloma abameleli bawo. Umbiko obala wamarekhodi namavidiyo uba umthombo wabacwaningi, izintatheli, nabafundisi. Amanye amakomiti aye azama ubufakazi obuphelele nezinkulumo zasobala ezibhaliwe ukuze ahlanganyele kabanzi.

Nokho, uhlelo lunemingcele. Ofakazi abavamile banemizuzu embalwa nje yokukhuluma, balandelwe yimibuzo esheshayo. Abaculi bamandla bangaqeda ingxoxo exazululiwe. Ngezinye izikhathi abenzi bomthetho basebenzisa imibuzo ukuze benze amaphuzu ezombangazwe kunokuqoqa ukwaziswa. Naphezu kwalokhu buthakathaka, ukuzwa kuhlala kungezinye zezindlela ezibonakala kakhulu iziNkathi ezihlangene nezindaba zobuchwepheshe eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Izinselele Nokugxekwa Kwenqubo Yokuzwa

Nakuba ukuzwa kwezikhulu ze-collenation kubalulekile, zibhekene nokugxeka okukhulu. Okokuqala ijubane elingahambelani: i-Al iguqula inkathi ngezinyanga, kuyilapho izishaya-mkhandlu zihamba ngenyanga. Ngesikhathi kubekwa ukuzwa futhi kubekwe umthetho, ubuchwepheshe bungase budlule kakade ngokwemithetho ehlotshisiwe. Okwesibili, ubunkimbinkimbi bezobuchwepheshe be-Al buvame ukudlula ulwazi lomenzi womthetho ovamile. Amalungu amaningi athembele kakhulu ezikhundleni ezifishaneni ezimfutshane kanye nasezikhundleni zeqembu, kuholela ekubuzeni ngokuphamba. Okwesithathu, ukuzwa kungaba izenzakalo lapho ofakazi nabamisi-mthetho bekhuluma ngeziphakamiso eziqotho. Okwesine, ukuhlukahluka okuvamile kungena ezinhleni zezindlebe, nezimiso eziningi ezincikekayo eziba indaba ephakathi kwe-AIAIAS kunendaba egcwele yonke.

Enye inselele ukubusa. I-Al ithinta cishe wonke amakomiti: I-judicary, i-Entecrecter, i-Energy, i-Admittery Service, iHealth, Imfundo, nezinye eziningi. Lokhu kuhlukana kungaholela ekubhaleni okuguquguqukayo kanye nezindawo zokuqondisa. Imizamo yokwakha i-commilial commissal commission e-Al iye yahlongozwa kodwa ayikaqashelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umnyango owehlabe umnyango owehlayo phakathi kukahulumeni nemboni uphakamisa imibuzo ngokuthunjwa kwezelelwa, njengoba ofakazi abalalelayo ngokuvamile bebamba izingxabano zesithakazelo.

Ukuqhathanisa Kwamazwe Ngamazwe: Ukufunda Kwezinye Izibonelo Zokubusa

Ukuqulwa kwezindlebe ze-Congress kusebenza futhi njengefasitela ekubusweni okungalingani. Ngokwesibonelo, i-European Union, iye yathuthukisa umthetho osekelwe engozini owe-Al Act `a' ohlukanisa izinhlelo ze-Al ngokulimaza futhi ibeke izibopho ezifanayo. OFakazi bavame ukucaphuna indlela ye-EU njengesibonelo, nakuba futhi iphawula ukungafani kwempucuko engokomthetho namandla okuqinisekisa. I-United Kingdom’s AI Office Safety Institute ne-China's direasalform for althment systemssssss arights inikeza izibonelo ezihlukene zezokulwa nomthetho owemboni ehambisana nemboni.

Izakhono ngezinye izikhathi zinikeza ubufakazi obuvela kochwepheshe bakwamanye amazwe noma abameleli bezinhlangano zomhlaba wonke njenge-Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), eye yakhipha izimiso ze-II. Lokhu kushintshisana kusiza abahleli bomthetho base-U.S. ukuba baphawule imizamo yasekhaya ngokumelene nezindinganiso zembulunga yonke futhi bacabangele ukuvumelana kwezimo. Isidingo sokubambisana kwezizwe ngezizwe siyisihloko esilokhu sikhona, ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene nezithombe ze-AIIIF ezingabekwa emingceleni.

Ukubheka Phambili: Iziqondiso Zokubusa Okuphumelelayo

Njengoba i-Al iqhubeka iqhubekela phambili, indlela uKhongolo-ndlu okumelwe luziphathe ngayo kumelwe luzinze. Intuthuko eningana isikiselwe yizingqapheli. Okokuqala, amakomiti kufanele afake izimali zobuchwepheshe(*) ngamahhovisi angekho sigaba, ama-adistune, noma imininingwane ehlangene---"toopper"-tool. Okwesibili, ukuzwa kufanele kuhlelwe ukuze kuvumele ukunyuswa okujulileyo, mhlawumbe ngezinsuku eziningi noma amaqembu amancane asebenzayo. Okwesithathu, i-Call Congress kumele ukufakwa kwemiphakathi nezisebenzi ezithintekile, hhayi nje izikhulu nezifundo zemfundo. Okwesine, ukuzwa kufanele kucacingce ngokucacile izingozi zesikhathi eside eduze, kuhlanganise nokuhlola ukuphepha okubalulekile.

Ohlangothini lwenqubo, ukuzwa kungenzeka kwazise umthetho we-Al obanzi wesikhathi esizayo. Izici ezingase zihlanganise ukuhlolwa okuphoqelelwe kwezingozi zezimiso eziqinile, ukuvunyelwa kwangaphambi kwezangaphandle kwezinhlelo ezithile (umzk., i-Al yezokwelapha), imithetho yezimiso ezizimele, ukususwa kwemithetho kazwelonke ye-II, kanye nokuxhaswa kwezimali okuqhubekayo ekucwaningeni ngokuphepha kwe-AII. Ukuzwa kwe-Congrega kuyaqhubeka kuyizimo ezikhona lapho lemiqondo ivivinywa futhi ilungiswe khona.

Ekugcineni, ikusasa lokuhlakanipha kokwenziwa nezimiso zobuchwepheshe liyololongwa hhayi nje ngonjiniyela nosomabhizinisi kodwa ngenqubo yentando yeningi emelelwa ukuzwa kwezindawo. Ziyi-operam ngenxa yesizathu somphakathi, ukuhlola amandla enkampani, nesikhumbuzo sokuthi ubuchwepheshe bungasiza abantu ababalulekile. Njengoba i-199th Congress ihlangana futhi kuvela impumelelo entsha, leligumbi lokuzwa lihlala lingenye yezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu lapho ikusasa lethu lemithetho esemthethweni lidwetshwa khona.

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