Table of Contents

Izinhlangano zikahulumeni zisebenza njengesisekelo somphakathi wanamuhla, zisebenza ngokungakhathali ukuze zivikele amalungelo ayisisekelo, ukulondeka, nenhlalakahle yezakhamuzi. Kusukela ngesikhathi uvuka uze ufike ngesikhathi ulele, izinhlangano zikahulumeni ezingenakubalwa ziqaphe, ziqondise, futhi ziphendule ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthi ukuphila kwakho kwansuku zonke kuhlala kulondekile, kulungile, futhi kuvikelekile. Lezizinhlangano zisebenza kuhulumeni, ezweni, nasezindaweni zendawo, ngayinye inezindima ezikhethekile nemithwalo yemfanelo ehlanganisa abantu ngabanye, imikhaya, nemiphakathi ezweni.

Ukuqonda indlela lezi zikhungo ezisebenza ngayo kanye nesivikelo ezisinikezayo kubalulekile ku isakhamuzi ngasinye. Lolwazi lunika abantu amandla okuqaphela amalungelo abo, ukukwazi ukufinyelela izinkonzo ezikhona, nokuhlanganyela ngokuphumelelayo ekuphileni komphakathi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuqinisekisa ukudla okudlayo kuphephile, umoya ophefumulayo uhlanzekile, noma ukuthi inkululeko yakho yomphakathi ivikelekile, izinhlangano zikahulumeni zisebenza ngokuqhubekayo ukuze zilondoloze ukulinganisela okubucayi phakathi kwenkululeko yomuntu ngamunye nokulondeka komphakathi.

Isisekelo Sesivikelo Nomthetho

Isivikelo esingokomthetho siyisisekelo sentando yeningi esebenzayo, futhi izinhlangano eziningi zikahulumeni zinikela izimali zazo ukuze zisekele umthetho.

Ukuphoqelelwa Komthetho Nobulungisa Besigebengu

Izinhlangano ezimisa umthetho zisebenza emazingeni amaningi kahulumeni, ngalinye elinezikhundla ezihlukene nemithwalo yemfanelo. Iminyango yamaphoyisa yendawo isebenza njengendlela yokuqala yokuzivikela kubugebengu emiphakathini, ukusabela ezingcingweni eziphuthumayo, ukuphenya, nokugcina ukuhleleka komphakathi. Leminyango isebenza ngokuseduze nezakhamuzi ukuze zakhe ukwethembana futhi isebenzise amacebo amaphoyisa omphakathi asingatha izindaba zokuphepha zendawo.

Ezingeni likahulumeni, izinhlangano ezinjengamaphoyisa kahulumeni kanye nomgwaqo omkhulu oqaphe imigwaqo zigxila ezindabeni ezibanzi, kuhlanganise nokuphepha kwezimoto emigwaqweni emikhulu, uphenyo lwezephulamthetho ezisezweni lonke, nokusekela izinhlangano zokugcinwa komthetho zendawo ezingase zintule imithombo ekhethekile. Izinkampani zikahulumeni zokuhlola ngokuvamile zisingatha amacala ayinkimbinkimbi anqamule imigqa yesifunda noma adinga amakhono athuthukisiwe.

Izinhlangano eziqinisekisa ukugcinwa komthetho zisingatha ubugebengu obudlula imingcele yezwe noma busongela ukulondeka kwesizwe. I-Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) ihlola ubugebengu obukhulu obuhlanganisa ubuphekula, ubugebengu obuyi-inthane, ubugebengu obuhleliwe, kanye nenkohlakalo yomphakathi. I - Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) ilwa nezinhlangano ezishushumbisa izidakamizwa, kuyilapho iBureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firemarms and Explosives (ATF) iphone imithetho engokomthetho ehlobene nezibhamu, iziqhumane ne-av.

Isimiso Senkantolo Nesivikelo Sokwahlulela

Igatsha lokwahlulela, ngemibuthano yalo yezinkantolo, linikeza isivikelo esiyisisekelo ngokuchaza imithetho, ukuxazulula izingxabano nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ubulungisa bunikezwa ngokufanelekile. izinkantolo zesifunda, kuhlanganise nezinkantolo zesigodi, izinkantolo zesifunda, neNkantolo Ephakeme, zisingatha amacala ahilela umthetho kahulumeni, imibuzo yomthetho - sisekelo, nezimpikiswano phakathi kwamazwe noma izakhamuzi zemibuso ehlukene.

Izimiso zenkantolo zikahulumeni ziphatha amacala amaningi angokomthetho, kuhlanganise nokuquliswa kwecala, izimpikiswano zombango, izindaba zomthetho womkhaya, kanye nezimpikiswano ezingokomthetho. Lezinkantolo ziqinisekisa ukuthi abantu ngabanye bayakwazi ukufinyelela ukwahlulela ngokulunga futhi amalungelo abo angokomthetho avikelwe ngenqubo efanele. Abalweli bomphakathi nabameli abamisiwe yinkantolo baqinisekisa ukuthi ngisho nalabo abangakwazi ukunikeza iziqondiso ezingokomthetho bathola iseluleko esifanelekayo, basekela ilungelo lomthetho lokwahlulela ngokulunga.

Ukuvikelwa Kwamalungelo Omphakathi Nokumelana Nezingxabano

I-Department of Civil Rights Division ifeza indima ebalulekile ekumiseni imithetho kahulumeni enqabela ubandlululo olusekelwe ohlazweni, ebala, ezweni, ebulilini, ekukhubazekeni, nasenkolweni. Lengxenye ihlola izikhalo, ukumangalela abaphula umthetho, futhi isebenzela ukuqinisekisa ukufinyelela imfundo, umsebenzi, izindlu, nezindawo zomphakathi.

I-Umeal Obroughtment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) ikhuluma ngokuqondile ngokucwasana emsebenzini, ihlola izikhalo ezibekwa izisebenzi nabaceli bemisebenzi abakholelwa ukuthi baye baphathwa ngokungafanele. Izezindaba zifuna ukuphikisa uma kudingeka, futhi inikeza abaqashi isiqondiso sokuvumelana nemithetho emelene nobandlululo. Ngalemizamo, i-EEOC isiza ekubangeleni imisebenzi engcono futhi ivikele amalungelo ezomnotho ezisebenzi.

I - Department of Home and Urban Development (UUD) imisa imithetho engakhethi yezindlu enqabela ukucwaswa kwezindawo zokuhlala lapho kuthengiswa, kuqashiswa futhi kuxhaswa khona. i - HUD ihlola izikhalo, inikeza imfundo ngamalungelo okuhlala, futhi ithathela abaninindawo, abameleli bezindawo, nababolekisi abahlanganyela emikhubeni yokukhipha icala.

Ukuphepha Komphakathi Nezinkonzo Eziphuthumayo Kuyinselele

Ukuphepha komphakathi kudlulela ngalé kwamandla avamile, kuhlanganisa izinkonzo eziningi eziklanyelwe ukuvikela izakhamuzi eziphuthumayo, ezinhlekeleleni ezingokwemvelo, nasezinkingeni zansuku zonke.

Ukusabela Okuphuthumayo Nokuqondisa Inhlekelele

I-Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) ihlanganisa ukusabela kukahulumeni kahulumeni ophethe izinhlekelele zemvelo neziphuthumayo. Uma kugadla iziphepho, izikhukhula, imigodi yemlilo, noma ezinye izenzakalo eziyinhlekelele, i-FEMA inikeza usizo lwezimali kubantu ngabanye nasemiphakathini, ihlanganisa imizamo yokusiza ngokuthuthukisa nokuvuselela isikhathi eside. Inhlangano isebenza futhi ngokubambisana ukusiza imiphakathi ukuba ilungiselele izinhlekelele ngokuhlela, ukuqeqesha, kanye nezinhlelo zokulinganisela ezinciphisa izingozi zesikhathi esizayo.

Izinhlangano zezokuqondisa isimo esiphuthumayo zikahulumeni zisebenza ngokuvumelana ne-FEMA ukuhlanganisa imizamo yokusabela emazingeni ezwe nasezindaweni. Lezi zikhungo zihlela ukuhlinza okuphuthumayo, ziqhube inqubo yokuzivivinya nokuzivivinya, futhi zigcine izikhungo zokusebenza eziphuthumayo ezisebenza njengezindawo ezilawula izinhlekelele. Zihlanganisa ukuthunyelwa kwemithombo yezimali, kuhlanganise ne-National Guard, izinkonzo eziphuthumayo, namaqembu akhethekile okusabela.

Iminyango yomlilo yendawo inikeza izinkonzo eziphuthumayo eziphuthumayo ngaphandle kokucimeka umlilo, kuhlanganise nokusabela okuphuthumayo kwezokwelapha, izinto eziyingozi eziphathwayo, nemisebenzi yobuchwepheshe. Iminyango eminingi yomlilo isebenza njengezinhlangano ezisiza abalahli bomlilo, ziqeqeshelwe futhi zihlonyiselwe ukusingatha izimo eziphuthumayo ezihlukahlukene. Izicima-mlilo zivame ukusebenza kuqala njengezisebenzi eziphuthumayo, zinikeza ukunakekelwa kokuphila ngaphambi kokuba kufike izinkonzo zama-ambulensi.

Isivikelo Sempilo Yomphakathi Nokuvinjelwa Kwezifo

ICenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) isebenza njengenhlangano yezempilo ephambili yesizwe, isebenzela ukuvikela amaMelika ekusongelwani impilo bezizwe nasekhaya. I-CDC ihlola ukuqubuka kwezifo, iqhube ukucwaninga ngezifo, ithuthukise iziqondiso zempilo zomphakathi, futhi inikeze ubuchwepheshe phakathi nezikhathi eziphuthumayo zezempilo. Phakathi nobhadane lwe-COVOVID-19, iCDC yadlala indima eyinhloko ekulandeleni igciwane, ukuhlola nokwenza amasu okugoma, futhi inikeza isiqondiso ezisebenzini zempilo kanye nomphakathi.

Izwe neminyango yezempilo yendawo isebenzisa izinhlelo zezempilo zomphakathi ezivumelana nezidingo zomphakathi wayo eziqondile. Lezi zikhungo zihlola izifo, zihlola ukuqubuka, zinikeza ukugoma, izitolo zokudlela, imishini yokuhlola izinga lamanzi, futhi zinikeza izinhlelo zezempilo. Abahlengikazi bezempilo bomphakathi nezazi zezokuhlola impilo basebenza ukuqaphela nokusingatha izinsongo zempilo ngaphambi kokuba zibe izinkinga ezisakazekile.

I-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ivikela impilo yomphakathi ngokuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kwemithi, imishini yezokwelapha, imikhiqizo yokudla, izimonyo, nemikhiqizo kagwayi. Inhlangano ihlola imithi emisha nemishini yezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuba ithengiswe, ibhekise imikhiqizo yezokuphepha ngemva kokuvunyelwa, futhi ithathe isinyathelo sokuqinisekisa ngokumelene nezinkampani eziphula imithetho. Umsebenzi we-FDA uvimbela izifo ezingenakubalwayo nokufa ngokuvimbela imikhiqizo engaphephile emakethengini nangokuqinisekisa ukuthi abathengi bangathembela ekuphepheni kwemikhiqizo abayisebenzisa nsuku zonke.

Ukuphepha Kwezokuhamba Nesivikelo Sezakhiwo

I-National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) isebenzela ukunciphisa ukufa, ukulimala, nokulahlekelwa kwezomnotho ngenxa yezingozi zezimoto. Inhlangano imisa futhi iqikelele izindinganiso zokuphepha zezimoto nemishini, ihlola ukukhubazeka, ihlola ubuchwepheshe bokuphepha kwezimoto, futhi ithuthukisa ukuziphatha okuphephile kokushayela. I-NHTTA's inikeza abathengi abanolwazi ekuthengeni izinqumo, kuyilapho izinhlelo zayo zokukhumbula ziqinisekisa ukuthi izimoto ezikhubazekileyo ziyalungiswa.

I-Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) ilawula zonke izici zezokuhamba ngezindiza ukuze ithuthukise ukuphepha ekuhambweni kwezindiza. Lenhlangano ifaka izindiza, abashayeli bezindiza, ilawula isimiso sokulawula izindiza, futhi ihlola izingozi. Ngezinga eliqinile lokuphepha nokuqondisa okuqhubekayo, i-FAA iye yasiza ekwenzeni ukuhamba ngendiza kube ngenye yezindlela eziphephile kakhulu zokuhamba.

I-Traffic Security Administration (TSA) ivikela izimiso zezokuthutha zezwe, igxile kakhulu ekulondekeni kwezindiza. Izikhulu ze-TSA zihlola abagibeli nempahla ezikhumulweni zezindiza, zithumele ubuchwepheshe obuphambili bokuphepha, futhi zisebenze nezinhlangano eziqinisa umthetho nezinokuhlakanipha ukuze zibone futhi zivimbele izinsongo. Inhlangano futhi yengamele ukulondeka kwezinye izindlela zokuhamba, kuhlanganise nenjali, izithuthi, kanye nemibhobho.

Isivikelo Sezentengiselwano Nesivikelo Sezomnotho

Lezi zinhlangano ziqinisekisa ukuthi izimakethe zisebenza kahle futhi abathengi bangenza izinqumo eziqondile ngemikhiqizo nezinkonzo abazithengayo.

IKhomishane Yezohwebo Nenkululeko Ye - Consumer

I-Federal Trade Commission (FTC) isebenza njengenhlangano eyinhloko kahulumeni evikela abathengi emikhubeni yezebhizinisi ekhohlisayo nengalungile. I-FTC ihlola izikhalo ngokukhangisa okungamanga, ukwebiwa kwemininingwane, ukudilika kokwaziswa, nemisebenzi yezebhizinisi yokuvimbela ukuncintisana. Lenhlangano ithatha isinyathelo sokuqinisekisa ezinkampanini eziphula imithetho yesivikelo yabathengi, ngokuvamile ivikela abathengi abathintekile nezijeziso ezigqekeza isijeziso.

I-FTC futhi ilondoloza i-National Do Not Call Registry, evumela abathengi ukuba bakhethe izingcingo ezingafuneki zokuthengisa ngocingo. Inhlangano imisa imithetho ngokumelene namaphangi futhi iphishekele izinkampani ezingayinaki incwadi yokubhalisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-FTC inikeza imfuno yemfundo yabathengi ebanzi, isiza abantu ukuba baqaphele futhi bagweme ukukhohlisa, ivikele ulwazi lwabo siqu, futhi iqonde amalungelo abo ezitolo.

Kule nkathi yezokuxhumana, i-FTC iye yagxila ekusingatheni izindaba zokwaziswa eziyimfihlo kuyi-intanethi. Le nhlangano imisa imithetho efuna izinkampani zivikele ukwaziswa kwabathengi futhi ibeke izimpawu ngokuqoqwa kwemininingwane yazo futhi isebenzise nezindlela zokuyisebenzisa. Uma izinkampani zithola ukuqhekeka kokwaziswa noma zihluleka ukusebenzisa izinyathelo ezifanele zokuphepha, i-FTC ingathatha isinyathelo sokuqinisekisa futhi idinga intuthuko ukuze ivikele abathengi.

Ukuvikelwa Kwemali Nokunakekelwa Kwemali

I-Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) yengamela imikhiqizo nezinkonzo zezimali, kuhlanganise nezikweletu zezikweletu, amakhadi okuthenga ngesikweletu, imali ebolekwa abafundi, kanye nama-akhawunti ebhange. I-Bureau ihlola izikhalo kubathengi, iphoqelela imithetho yezimali kahulumeni, futhi ithatha isinyathelo ngokumelene nezinhlangano zezimali ezihileleka emikhubeni eyingozi noma ekhohlisayo. I-CFPB ibuyisela izinkulungwane zezigidi zama - dollar ezimalayeni eziliselwe izenzo ezingekho emthethweni futhi iye yasebenzisa imithetho yokuvimbela ukuxhashazwa kwemithetho esikhathini esizayo.

I-Federal Deposit Inshuwarensir Corporation (FDIC) ivikela abagcini bamabhange ngokufaka ama-akhawunti asebhange afinyelela ku-R250 000 ku-R150 000 kunoma ibhange ngalinye elifakiwe. Lomshuwalense unikeza ukuthula kwengqondo nokuzinza esimisweni sebhange, uqinisekisa ukuthi abantu abalahlekelwa imali yabo uma ibhange labo lihluleka. I-FDIC futhi iqondisa izikhungo zezimali ukuze iqinisekise ukuthi basebenza ngokuphephile nangokungakhokhisi, ukunciphisa ingozi yokuhluleka kwebhange.

I-Secreties and Exchange Commission (SEC) ivikela abatshali bezimali ngokulawula izimakethe zokungangenwa kwezimali nangokuvimbela imithetho emelene nokukhwabanisa nokuxhaphaza. I-SEC ifuna ukuba izinkampani zomphakathi zembule ukwaziswa okungokwezimali, zihlole ukukhwabanisa okungaphakathi nokukhwabanisa, futhi zithathe isinyathelo ngokumelene nokukhwabanisa kwezimali. Le mizamo isiza ekulondolozeni izimakethene ezilungile neziphumelelayo lapho ababambi bezomthetho bengenza khona izinqumo zolwazi.

Khipha Ukuphepha Nokuphatha Inkumbulo

IConsumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) ivikela umphakathi ezingozini ezingenangqondo zokulimala noma ukufa emikhiqizweni yabathengi. Inhlangano ibekela isilinganiso sokuphepha ezinkulungwaneni zemikhiqizo, kusukela kumathoyizi ezingane kuya kumathuluzi asendlini. Uma kutholakala imikhiqizo eyingozi, iCPSC isebenza nabakhiqizi bayo ukuze ikhumbule futhi isuse izinto eziyingozi emakethe. Umsebenzi wenhlangano unciphise kakhulu ukulimala nokufa emikhiqizweni yabathengi phakathi namashumi eminyaka.

I-CPSC isebenza i-metabasesture yomphakathi lapho abathengi bengase babike khona amanxeba abangelwa umkhiqizo nokufuna ukwaziswa ngezingozi zomkhiqizo. Lokhu kusiza abathengi ukuba benze izinqumo eziphephile zokuthenga futhi baqaphe abenzi bezinto ngezinkinga ezingase zivele ngemikhiqizo yabo. Inkampani futhi yenza ukucwaninga ngezindaba zokuphepha futhi ithuthukise imikhankaso yemfundo ukuze bathuthukise ukuqapha kwemikhiqizo.

Isivikelo Sendawo Ezungezile Nokulondolozwa Kwemvelo Kwemvelo

Izinhlangano zendawo ezungezile zisebenzela ukuvikela imvelo futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi izizukulwane zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo zingajabulela umoya ohlanzekile, amanzi, nezindawo.

I - Agency Yokuvikela Indawo Ezungezile Nokulawula Ukungcola

I-EPA isebenza njengenhlangano eyinhloko kahulumeni evikela impilo yabantu nendawo ezungezile. I-EPA ithuthukisa futhi iphoqelele imithetho elawula izinga lomoya, izinga lamanzi, ukulawulwa kwemfucumfucu, namakhemikhali. Nge-Cease Air Act, i-accompation Act, i-'i-'accel' imisa izilinganiso zokungcolisa umoya futhi isebenza ngezindawo ezinciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ezimotweni, ezimboni. Le mizamo iye yathuthukisa kakhulu izinga lomoya emadolobheni aseMelika, ukunciphisa izifo zemigudu yokuphefumula nokufa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi.

Izinhlelo zokuvikela amanzi ze-EPA ziqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi okuphuza aphephile nokuthi imifula, amachibi, namanzi asogwini avikelekile ekungcoleni. Lenhlangano ibeka izindinganiso zokuphuza amazinga amanzi, ukuqondisa ukugeleza emifuleni yemikhumbi, futhi isebenzela ukuhlanza izindawo ezingcolile. I-Fite Method Water Act idinga izimiso zomphakathi zamanzi ukuze kuqashelwe izinga lamanzi futhi kwaziswe nabathengi nganoma ikuphi ukuphulwa, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukugqama nokulandisa.

Ngohlelo olukhulu, i-EPA iphawula futhi ihlanze izindawo ezingcoliswe kakhulu zesizwe, kuhlanganise nezindawo ezishiywe izimboni nezindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu eziyingozi. Inhlangano isebenza ukubheka amaqembu anecala ngezindleko zokuhlanza kuyilapho evikela imiphakathi ekuchayekeni ezintweni ezinobuthi. Lemizamo yokuhlanza ibuyisela indawo engcolileyo ukuze isetshenziswe futhi iqede usongo olungathi sína lwempilo.

Ukuphathwa Kwemithombo Yemvelo Nokulondolozwa Kwayo

I-National Park Service ivikela amagugu emvelo nawempucuko yaseMelika, iphethe izindawo ezingaphezu kuka-400 ezihlanganisa amapaki esizwe, izikhumbuzo, izindawo ezingokomlando, nezindawo zokuzilibazisa. Lezindawo ezivikelekile zinikeza amathuba okuzilibazisa, imfundo, nokukhuthaza kuyilapho zilondoloza imvelo nezindawo zokuhlala zezilwane zasendle zezizukulwane ezizayo. Abahleli basepaki baqinisekisa ukuphepha, ukuvikela imithombo yemali elimala, futhi banikeze izinhlelo zokufundisa ezisiza abantu ukuba baqonde futhi bazise ifa lemvelo nelemvelo.

I - National Wildlife Fisher System yase-U.S. isebenza ekulondolozeni nasekuvikeleni izinhlanzi, izilwane zasendle, izitshalo nendawo yazo yokuhlala. Inhlangano ilawula i - National Wildlife Fivice System, iphoqelela imithetho yokuvikela izilwane zasendle, futhi isebenzise izinhlelo zokuvuselela izinhlobo ezisengozini. Ngokubambisana nezifunda, izizwe, kanye nabantu abahlala ezimele, lenkonzo ikhuthaza imizamo yokulondoloza imvelo kanye nabantu.

IFold Service iphethe amahlathi nezindawo ezifulelwe, ilinganisele izindlela eziningi ezihlanganisa ezokuzijabulisa, ukukhiqizwa kwezingodo, ukuvikelwa kwemithi okushelelayo, nendawo yezilwane zasendle. Lenhlangano ilwa nemisele yequbula, igcine imizila yemigwaqo, nezindawo zokuhlala zamahlathi, kanye nemishini esekela amahlathi. Ososayensi baseHlare Service bacwaninga ngempilo yamahlathi, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kanye nokulawula imvelo, betshela izimiso ezivikela le micebo yemvelo ebalulekile.

Ukushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu Nobulungisa Bendawo Ezungezile

Izinhlangano zikahulumeni zigxila ekusingatheni ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nethonya laso emiphakathini. I - EPA nezinye izinhlangano zisebenzela ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi eshisayo, zithuthukise amandla ahlanzekile, futhi zisize imiphakathi ukuba ijwayele izimo zezulu ezishintshayo. Le mizamo ihlanganisa ukubeka izinga lokukhishwa kwegesi ezimotweni nasezindaweni ezisebenza kuzo, ukusekela ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla adingekayo, nokunikeza usizo lwezobuchwepheshe emiphakathini ebhekene nezinselele zesimo sezulu.

Izinhlelo zobulungisa bendawo ezungezile ziqinisekisa ukuthi yonke imiphakathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iluphi uhlanga noma iholo, ivikelekile ezingozini zendawo ezungezile futhi iyakwazi ukuthola izinzuzo zendawo ezungezile. Imishini isebenzela ukusingatha imithwalo engenakulinganiswa yendawo ezungezile ebhekene nemiphakathi engenisa imali ephansi nemibala, ngokuvamile ethwala ukungcoliswa kokungcola okuvela ezimbonini zezezezimboni, emigwaqo emikhulu, nasezindaweni ezilahlwayo. Le zinhlelo zithuthukisa ukuhileleka okunenjongo emphakathini ekwenzeni izinqumo zendawo ezungezile kanye nemithombo eqondile yezindawo zokunakekela ukuwohloka kwempilo yendawo ezungezile.

Ukuphepha Emsebenzini Namalungelo Ezisebenzi

Izinhlangano zikahulumeni zivikela amalungelo ezisebenzi nokulondeka, ziqinisekisa ukuthi izindawo zomsebenzi azinazingozi futhi izisebenzi ziphathwa ngokufanele. Lezi sivikelo zibalulekile ukuze kugcinwe izisebenzi ezikhiqizayo futhi kuthuthukiswe ukulondeka kwezomnotho emikhayeni esebenzayo.

Ukuphepha Nesimiso Sempilo

I-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) imisa futhi iphoqelele izindinganiso zokuphepha emsebenzini ukuze kuvinjelwe ukulimala, ukugula, nokufa emsebenzini. Abahloli bavakashela izindawo zomsebenzi ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi kuvumelana nemithetho yokuphepha, baphenye izingozi, badlulise izikhalo kubaqashi abaphula izindinganiso. Lenhlangano ihlanganisa izingozi eziningi emsebenzini, zingangeni ekuvikelekeni ekukhiqizweni kwezindawo zokukhiqiza amakhemikhali ezingenisweni zezindaba zamahhovisi.

I-OSHa futhi inikeza ukuqeqeshwa, imfundo, nosizo kubaqashi nezisebenzi ukuba zibasize baqonde futhi bahambisane nezimfuneko zokuphepha. Uhlelo lwezinkampani lokuhlola lunikeza iseluleko samabhizinisi amancane afuna ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zawo zokuphepha. Ngalemizamo, i-OSHA iye yasiza ekunciphiseni ukufa emsebenzini nokulimala okukhulu kusukela ekudalweni kwayo, okwenza izindawo zomsebenzi zaseMelika ziphephe kakhulu.

Izivikelo Zemali Nehora

I-Divince of Labor’s Wage and Hour Division imisa imithetho kahulumeni elawula iholo elilinganiselwe, iholo elengeziwe, ukusebenza kwezingane, nekhefu lomkhaya nelokwelapha. Ingxenye ihlola izikhalo zezisebenzi, ukulandelela ukukhokhela iholo lezisebenzi ezikhokhelwe imali encane. Lezi zivikelo ziqinisekisa ukuthi izisebenzi zithola imbuyiselo elinganiselwe yomsebenzi wazo, kuhlanganise nezingane ezisengozini, zivikelekile ekuxhashazweni.

IFamily and Medical Let Act, ephoqelelwa yiWage ne Hour Division, inikeza izisebenzi ezifanelekayo ikhefu elingakhokhelwayo, elivikelwe ngezizathu zomkhaya nezempilo. Lokhu kuvikela kuvumela izisebenzi ukuba zinakekele izingane ezisanda kuzalwa, amalungu omkhaya agula kakhulu, noma izimo zazo zempilo ngaphandle kokwesaba ukulahlekelwa imisebenzi yazo. Umthetho uqaphela ukuthi izisebenzi zinemithwalo yemfanelo ebalulekile yomkhaya futhi zidinga ukuvumelana nezimo ukuze zikwazi ukuxoxa nazo.

Izinzuzo Zezisebenzi

Izinhlangano zezisebenzi zenkokhelo zinikeza izinhlelo ezinikeza usizo kuzisebenzi ezilimale emsebenzini. Le zinhlelo zikhokhela izindleko zokwelapha futhi zibuyisela iholo lezisebenzi ezingakwazi ukusebenza ngenxa yokulimala komsebenzi noma ukugula. Izimiso zenkokhelo zinikeza izisebenzi ezilimele ikhabethe lokuphepha kuyilapho zivikela abaqashi emacaleni, zidala indlela elinganiselwe ekuqondiseni ukulimala emsebenzini.

I-Social Security Administration ilawula izinhlelo zomshuwalense ezinikeza iholo lezisebenzi ezingakwazi ukusebenza ngenxa yokukhubazeka okukhulu. Le zinhlelo zinikeza izisebenzi nemikhaya yazo isivikelo esibalulekile ngokwezimali lapho izimo zempilo ezingathi sína zivimbela umsebenzi. Inhlangano ihlola ngokucophelela ukukhubazeka ukuthi izinzuzo zifinyelela labo abazidinga ngempela kuyilapho belondoloza ubuqotho besimiso.

Amalungelo Emfundo Nezivikelo Zabafundi

Izinhlangano zikahulumeni ziqinisekisa ukuthi bonke abafundi bayakwazi ukuthola imfundo esezingeni eliphezulu nokuthi amalungelo abo avikelwe ezimisweni zemfundo.

UMnyango Wemfundo Namalungelo Omphakathi Ezikoleni

I-Dervince of Education’s Office for Civil Rights imisa imithetho kahulumeni enqabela ubandlululo ezikoleni ezisekelwe ngokohlanga, ibala, imvelaphi yobuzwe, ubulili, ukukhubazeka, nobudala. Ihhovisi lihlola ukukhononda kwabafundi nabazali, ukuhlolwa kokulalela, futhi linikeza isiqondiso ezikoleni eziphethe izibopho zabo ezingokomthetho. Lo msebenzi uqinisekisa ukuthi bonke abafundi banamathuba alinganayo okuthola imfundo futhi bavikelekile ekuhlukunyezweni nasekucatshazweni.

Isivikelo se-IX, esiphoqelelwa uMnyango Wemfundo, sinqabela ukucwaswa kobulili ezimisweni zemfundo ezithola imali kahulumeni. Lezi zikhungo zihlanganisa ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili, ubudlova, ubandlululo olungokobulili, nokungalingani emidlalweni yezemidlalo nakwezinye izinhlelo. Izikole kumelwe zithathe isinyathelo ngokushesha nangempumelelo emibhalweni yokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili nobudlova, zinikeze ukusekela abafundi abathintekile futhi zithathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela izenzakalo zesikhathi esizayo.

Imfundo Ekhethekile Namalungelo Okungalingani

Amalungu oMthethweni wezemfundo ekhubazekile (IDEA), ophoqelelwa uMnyango Wemfundo, uqinisekisa abafundi abakhubazekile ilungelo lokuthola imfundo yomphakathi efanelekile ekhululekile endaweni elinganiselwe. Izikole kumelwe ziphawule abafundi abadinga izinkonzo ezikhethekile, abasungula izinhlelo zemfundo ezivumelana nezidingo zomfundi ngamunye, futhi banikeze indawo yokuhlala edingekayo nesisekelo. Abazali banelungelo lokuhlanganyela ezinqumweni zemfundo futhi bangabekela inselele izinqumo zesikole ngenqubo efanele.

Ingxenye engu-504 yoMthetho wokubuyisana inikeza isivikelo esengeziwe kubafundi abakhubazekile, idinga izikole zokunikeza izindawo zokulala eziqinisekisa ukuthi zingatholakala ngokulinganayo ezifundweni. Lezindawo zokuhlala zingahlanganisa isikhathi esengeziwe sokuhlolwa, ubuchwepheshe obusizayo, izabelo ezishintshiwe, noma ukuthuthukiswa komzimba.

Usizo Lwezimali Lwabafundi Nesivikelo Semali

UMnyango Wemfundo unikeza izinhlelo zosizo lwabafundi zikahulumeni ezisiza izigidi zabafundi ukuba zikhokhe amakholiji. Lezi zinhlelo zihlanganisa imali, amathuba okusebenza, nemali ebolekwayo eyenza abafundi abavela kuzo zonke izizinda zezomnotho bafinyelele imfundo ephakeme. Lomnyango ulawula amakholiji namayunivesithi athola usizo lukahulumeni, uqinisekisa ukuthi bahlangabezana nezindinganiso ezisezingeni eliphezulu futhi unikeza abafundi ukwaziswa okunembile.

Izinhlelo zemali yokuboleka abafundi ze-Federal zinikeza isivikelo esibalulekile kwababoleki, kuhlanganise namasu okukhokha imali ekhokhelwayo, ukuthatha indiva nokukhokha, nezinhlelo zokuthethelela izisebenzi zenkonzo yomphakathi ezibolekwayo. UMnyango Wemfundo usebenza ukuvikela ababoleki emikhubeni yokuxhaphaza ngezikole ezingenisa inzuzo nababolekisi bebolekwa imali, uthatha isinyathelo sokuqinisekisa lapho izinhlangano zidukisa abafundi noma ziphula imithetho.

Amalungelo Ezindlu Nentuthuko Yomphakathi

Izinhlangano zikahulumeni zisebenza ukuze ziqiniseke ukuthi wonke amaMelika athola izindlu eziphephile nezibizayo futhi anezimpahla azidingayo ukuze achume.

Ukuphoqelelwa Kwezindlu Ezifanele Namalungelo Akhona

I-U.S. yeNdebe ye House and Urban Development igunyaza i-Fair House Act, enqabela ukucwaswa kwezindlu ezisekelwe ohlalweni lobuhlanga, ebala, enkolweni, ebulilini, ewubulili, nokukhubazeka. I-HID ihlola ukukhandleka kokucwaswa kwezindlu, inikeza imfundo mayelana namalungelo alungile okunikezwa ngokumelene nabaphuli bemithetho. Lezi ziqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu unethuba lokuthola indawo yokuhlala ngaphandle kokucwaswa.

Izinhlangano zezindawo ezingakhethi zisebenza ngokuvumelana ne-HUD ukuze zihlole izikhalo futhi ziqikelele imithetho yezindlu elungile. Izifundazwe eziningi nezindawo ziye zandisa isivikelo esingaphezu komthetho kahulumeni futhi zahlanganisa nezinye izigaba ezivikelwe njengokukhetha ubulili, ubulili, nomthombo wemali. Lezi zinkampani zinikeza izinhlelo zokuhlola izinhlelo zokuhlola izenzo zobandlululo nokusebenza nabaxhasi bezindlu ukuze zikhuthaze ukuvumelana nemithetho elungile yezindlu.

Usizo Lwezindlu Nokuvinjelwa Kokungabikho Kwamakhaya

I-HUD iqondisa izimiso zokusiza ngokunikeza izimpahla zokuhlala ezisiza imikhaya ehhalayo, abantu abadala, nabantu abakhubazekile bayakwazi ukukhokha izindlu ezilondekile. Uhlelo lwe Home Commust Voucher, oluvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-Cate 8, lunikeza izigidi zemikhaya usizo lokuqasha, luzivumela ukuba zikhethe izindlu emakethe yangasese kuyilapho zikhokha ingxenye ethengwayo yemali yazo yokukhokhela intela. Izinhlelo zezindlu zomphakathi zinikeza indawo yokuhlala engcono, kuyilapho usizo olusekelwe kumsebenzi lwezenenza intuthuko ethile ekwazi ukukhokha abaqashi abahlawulwa imali ephansi.

Izinhlelo zokungabi namakhaya zinikeza izimali emiphakathini ukuze inqande futhi iqede ukungabi namakhaya ngezindawo zokukhosela eziphuthumayo, izindlu ezishintshanayo, ukuthatha indawo esheshayo, nezindlu ezisekelayo ezihlala njalo. Le zinhlelo zithatha indlela yokuqala, ziqaphela ukuthi izindlu eziqinile ziyisisekelo sokusingatha ezinye izinkinga ezinjengezinkinga zempilo, ukuxhashazwa kwezidakamizwa, nokungabi namisebenzi. Izinkonzo zokubambisana kwemiphakathi ukuze kusizwe abantu abahlulwa ukulahlekelwa ikhaya ngokushesha ukuba babuyele ezindlini ezimile futhi bagweme ukubuyela ekungabini.

Intuthuko Yomphakathi Nomphakathi

Uhlelo lwe-Community Development Block Grant lunikeza izimali ezivumelanayo ezifundeni nasezindaweni ezithuthukisa izakhiwo zomphakathi, kuhlanganise nezindlu ezibizayo, intuthuko yezakhiwo, intuthuko yezomnotho, nezinkonzo zomphakathi. Izinhlangano zisebenzisa le mali ukusingatha izidingo zazo eziphuthuma kakhulu nokuvuselela izindawo ezicindezelekile. Lolu hlelo lunika amandla okwenza izinqumo zendawo kuyilapho luqinisekisa ukuthi imisebenzi izuzisa izakhamuzi eziphansi nezithola imali ngokulinganiselayo.

IHhovisi le-Hud lokuhlela i-Community Planning and Development lisekela izindlela ezibanzi zokuthuthukisa umphakathi ezithinta izindlu, amathuba ezomnotho, nezinga lokuphila. Izinhlelo zikhuthaza ukusungulwa kwezindlu ezingenisa inzuzo ehlukene, ukusungulwa kwezindlela zezempilo zomphakathi, nokusekela imiphakathi yomphakathi ukululama ezinhlekeleleni. Le mizamo iqaphela ukuthi imiphakathi eqinile idinga ukunakekelwa kwezici eziningi ezithinta inhlalakahle yezakhamuzi.

Amalungelo nezinzuzo zabangenisi

Izinhlangano zikahulumeni zisekela abangomakad ’ ebona, ziqaphela inkonzo nokuzidela kwazo.

I - Veteran Administration of Health and Medicaltaries

I-Veterans Health Administration isebenza esinye sezimiso zezokunakekelwa kwempilo ezinkulu kakhulu ezihlangene ezweni, inikeza ukunakekelwa okubanzi kwezokwelapha kochwepheshe abafanelekayo. Izikhungo zezokwelapha nezindawo zemitholampilo zinikeza ukunakekela okuyinhloko, ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, izinkonzo zempilo yengqondo, nokunakekelwa okuthatha isikhathi eside. I-VA isungule izindlela ezintsha zokuthola ukunakekelwa kwempilo, kuhlanganise nezinkonzo ze-telehealth ezinwebela ukutholakala kwalabo abangoma abangomadla izakhiwo zasemaphandleni kanye nezindlela zokunakekela ezihlangene ezikhuluma ngempilo engokomzimba nengqondo ndawonye.

Izinhlelo zezempilo yengqondo zinikeza ukunakekela okukhethekile ezimweni ezivamile phakathi komuntu ongomakadebona, kuhlanganise nokuphazamiseka kokucindezeleka kwangemva kwe-traumatic stress, ukucindezeleka, nokulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu. I-VA esebenzayo izinkonzo zokungenela kwenhlekelele, kuhlanganise ne-Verates Crisis Line, ezinikeza ukusekela okusheshayo komakadlelwano ezinkingeni ezibucayi. Izinhlelo zokwelapha zokuxhaphaza kobudoda zisiza omakadlelwano ukuba banqobe ukulutheka futhi baphinde balungise ukuphila kwabo. Lezi ziqaphela izinselele eziyingqayizivele ezibhekene nobunzima obusekelwe ezidingweni zabo.

Ukulahlekelwa Nezinzuzo Zokulahlwa

I-Veterans Influence Administration inikeza imbuyiselo yokukhubazeka komuntu osekhulile okhubazekile ngenkonzo, ikhokhela imali ekhokhwa nyanga zonke ngokusekelwe ekukhululekeni kokukhubazeka kanye nasemthelela ekutholeni umsebenzi. Inhlangano ihlola ukulinganisela kokukhubazeka, icabangela ubufakazi nemibhalo yenkonzo ukuze ithole ukuthi i-elbugne nenzuzo. Ama-Vertans akhubazekile anokukhubazeka futhi athola ukufinyelela komsebenzi kuqala e-VA ezempilo futhi angafaneleka ukuze azuze izinzuzo ezengeziwe njengendlela yokulungisa umsebenzi kanye nemishini elungisa imishini.

Izinhlelo zempesheni ye-VA zinikeza inzuzo etholwa omakad’ebona abaphila ngesikhathi sempi abathola imali elinganiselwe abagugile noma abangakwazi ukuxhumana nabantu abakhubazekile. Le zinhlelo ziqinisekisa ukuthi omakad’ebona ababekhonza ngesikhathi sempi banezinga eliyisisekelo lokuphepha ngokwezimali eminyakeni yabo yamuva. Izinzuzo zokusinda zinikeza ukusekela komshado kanye nabasizi bezisebenzi ezifile, beqaphela ukuzidela okwenziwa imikhaya yezempi.

Imfundo Nokusekela Umsebenzi

IGI Bill inikeza izinzuzo zemfundo komakad ’ ebona, amalungu enkonzo, nemikhaya yabo, ihlanganisa intela, intela, izindlu, nezincwadi zamakolishi, ukuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi, nezinye izinhlelo zemfundo. Lezi zinzuzo zisiza omakad’ebona ukuba bashintshele emisebenzini yokuziphilisa engekho emthethweni futhi bafeze imigomo yabo yemfundo. I - VA accounts izikole ezihlanganyela ezimisweni ze-GI Bill ukuze zivikele abafundi emikhubeni yokuzingela amanyala futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi bathola imfundo ephambili.

Izinhlelo zokulungisa umsebenzi weva zisiza omakad’ebona abakhubazekile abasebenza ngokukhubazeka kwenkonzo ukuba balungiselele, bathole, futhi balondoloze umsebenzi ofanelekayo. Izinkonzo zihlanganisa ukunikeza iseluleko emsebenzini, ukuqeqesha umsebenzi, ukuqasha usizo, nokusekela indawo yokuhlala. I-VA isebenza nabaqashi ukuthuthukisa ukuqashwa kochwepheshe futhi isiza omakadlelwano ukuba baqale amabhizinisi abo ngokuqeqeshelwa ezohwebo nokusekela izinhlelo zohwebo.

Izinkonzo Zokuthutha Namalungelo Ezakhamuzi

Izinhlangano zikahulumeni zilawula izinqubo zokufuduka futhi zivikele amalungelo abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe nababaleki. Lezinhlangano zilinganisa izindleko zokuphepha kwesizwe nesiko laseMelika njengesizwe sabafuduki, zinikeza izindlela zokuthola izikhundla ezingokomthetho nezakhamuzi kuyilapho zimisa imithetho yokufuduka.

Izakhamuzi Zase - United States Nezinkonzo Zokufuduka

I-U.S. i-Ponticigianship and Immigration Services (USCIS) inikeza isimiso sokufuduka esingokomthetho sezwe, izicelo zokulungisa amamvume okungena, amakhadi aluhlaza, imvume yomsebenzi, kanye nezakhamuzi. Inxusa lifaka izicelo zezinzuzo zokufuduka, ukuhlola isizinda, nokuqondisa imikhosi lapho abafuduki beba izakhamuzi zase-U.S.U.CIS benikeza ulwazi nemali yokusiza abafuduki ukuba baqonde amalungelo abo nemithwalo yabo yemfanelo yabo futhi balawule isimiso sokufuduka esiyinkimbinkimbi.

Inqubo yokuqamba ivumela izakhamuzi ezingokomthetho ukuba zibe izakhamuzi ezisemthethweni zase-U.S., zizuze ilungelo lokuvota, zikhonze ehunyweni lejaji, futhi zithole amafastere ase-U.S. u-U.CIS uhlola ukufaneleka kwalabo abafaka isicelo, uhlola ulwazi lwabo ngesiNgisi nange-U.S., futhi ziqhuba izingxoxo ukuze ziqinisekise ukwaziswa. Ukuba isakhamuzi kumelela isiphetho sohambo lokufuduka kanye namalungu agcwele emphakathini waseMelika.

Isivikelo Sababaleki Ne - Asylum

Isimiso sokungena kwababaleki base-U.S. sinikeza isivikelo kubantu ababalekela ukushushiswa okusekelwe ebunhlalweni, enkolweni, ebuzweni, ezombangazwe, noma ebulunguni beqembu elithile lezenhlalo. Izinhlangano zeFederal zisebenza nezinhlangano zezizwe zonke nezinhlangano ezivuselelayo ukuze zivikele ababaleki, zinikeza ukulondeka, futhi zisiza ukuba bafike e-United States. Izinhlelo zokuthola usizo zisiza ababaleki ukuba bangene emphakathini waseMelika ngokunikeza ukusekela kokuqala, ukuqeqeshwa kolimi, nokuthola usizo lwemisebenzi.

Isivikelo se-asylmu sivumela abantu abasese-United States kakade noma abafika emngceleni ukuba bafune isivikelo uma besaba ukushushiswa emazweni abo. Izinkantolo zezethutho zihlola izikhalo zezesikhoselo, uma kucatshangelwa izimo zamazwe nezimo zabantu. Abafaka isicelo sezesivikelo abaphumelelayo bathola imvume yomsebenzi futhi ekugcineni bangafaka isicelo sokuhlala unomphela. Lezi zikhungo zisekela isibopho sokunikeza isiphephelo labo ababalekayo ushushiso.

Ukuthunyelwa Kwamandla Nokuhlelwa Okufuduka

Izinkampani eziqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwamaphoyisa zisebenza ukuze zivikele imingcele futhi zigunyaze imithetho yokufuduka kuyilapho zihlonipha amalungelo abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe. Izinkantolo zokuthutha zinikeza inqubo efanelekile kubantu ngabanye ekususweni kwezindaba, zibavumela ukuba banikeze amacala abo phambi kwabahluleli abavela kwamanye amazwe futhi badlulisele izinqumo ezingezinhle. Abathumeli abathatha iziphetho zokususwa kwezenqubo yabo banelungelo lokunikeza abameli abangokomthetho, nakuba uhulumeni enganikezi abameli emacaleni abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe njengasemacala obugebenguni.

Isivikelo esingokomthetho siqinisekisa ukuthi abafuduki baphathwa ngokufanele ekuqiniseni umthetho. Abafuduki abanakususwa ngaphandle kokuqulwa umahluleli ovela kwamanye amazwe, ngaphandle kwezimo ezilinganiselwe. Banelungelo lokubekela inselele iziyalezo zokususwa kwezindawo futhi bafune usizo olunjengesiphephelo, ukususwa, noma ukubuyiselwa kwesimo. Lezi zikhungo ziqinisekisa ukuthi izenzo zokugcinwa kwamaphoyisa zivumelana nomthetho futhi abantu banikwe amathuba okuveza izikhundla ezingokomthetho.

Ukuzihlukanisa Kwabantu Ngemishini Nesivikelo Sokuzivikela

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bugxila kakhulu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, izinhlangano zikahulumeni zisebenzela ukuvikela izakhamuzi ekusithekeni nokuphepha kwazo.

I - Cyberbersecurity Ne - Information Studial Security

I-Cybersecurity and Infrapublicture Security Agency (CISISA) ihola imizamo kahulumeni yokuvikela isisekelo esibucayi ezisongweni ze-inthanethi. Lenhlangano isebenza nezinhlangano zikahulumeni, izingxenye ezizimele, kanye nezinhlangano zomhlaba ukuze zibone ukuhlasela, zihlanganyele ukwaziswa okusongelayo, futhi ziphendule ezigijimeni zezezezingosi. I-CISA inikeza amathuluzi okuvikela i-inthaneti, ukuqeqesha, kanye nosizo lwezobuchwepheshe lokusiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuma kwazo nokuvikela ekuhlaseleni.

I-CISA ihlanganisa ukusabela ezigijimeni ezinkulu ze-inthanethi, ihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuvela kuhulumeni nasemaqenjini angawodwa. Lenhlangano isebenza isikhungo sokusebenza esihlola izinsongo ze-inthanethi futhi sixhumanisa izenzo zokuvikela. Phakathi nezenzakalo ezinkulu, i-CISA isiza izinhlangano ukuba zihlasele, zilulame, zivikele izimiso zesikhathi esizayo. Lemizamo ivikela izinkonzo ezibalulekile amaMelika athembele kuzo, kugesi nakumanzi kuya ezinkonzweni zempilo nakuzohwebelana ngezimali.

Ukusebenzisa I - Internet Ukuze Uthole Imininingwane Yakho Nokuzivikela Kwabantu

I-Federal Trade Commission imisa imithetho eyimfihlo futhi ithathe isinyathelo ngokumelene nezinkampani ezisebenzisa kabi imininingwane yabathengi noma ezihlulekayo ukuyivikela ngokwanele. I-FTC iye yaletha amacala ezinkampani ngenxa yezenzo zobumfihlo zobumfihlo, ukungaqiniseki kokwaziswa okunganele, nokuphulwa kwezindaba zezingane zomuntu siqu kuyi-inthanethi. Le zenzo zokuphoqelela zimisa izenzakalo ezibalulekile futhi zivimbela izinkampani ukuba zingene emikhubeni elimaza abathengi.

I-Onlinen Privacy Protection Act, ephoqelelwa yi-FTC, idinga amawebhusayithi nezinkonzo ze-inthanethi eziqondiswe kubantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-13 ngaphambi kokuba bathole imvume yomzali ngaphambi kokuqoqa ukwaziswa komuntu siqu. Umthetho udinga futhi izinkampani ukuba zinikeze izimiso ezicacile zemfihlo, zigcine ukulondeka kokwaziswa okusesilinganisweni, futhi zivumele abazali ukuba babukeze futhi basuse ukwaziswa kwabantwana babo. Laba baqaphela ukuthi izingane zisengozini ekungeneni kuyi-inthane futhi banike abazali ukulawula izitebhishi zezingane zabo.

Ukuvinjelwa Nokusabela Kobungcweti

Izinhlangano zikahulumeni zinikeza imithombo yokusiza abathengi ukuba bavimbele futhi baphendule ekubiweni kwemininingwane yabo. I-FTC i-Ademotic Theft.gov, ithuluzi elibanzi eliqondisa izisulu ngenqubo yokululama inqubo ngenqumo. Le ndawo isiza izisulu ukuba zenze amalungiselelo okuzivuselela, imibiko engokomthetho ephoqelelwe, futhi iphikise ama-Adenti okukhohlisa kanye namacala. I-FTC's I-Accodentity Theft Data Viletinghousehouse iqoqa imibiko ezisulu futhi ihlanganyela ukwaziswa nezinhlangano eziqondisa umthetho ezihlola ukuntshozwa kwezindaba zokweba.

I-Social Security Administration Ivikela izinombolo zeNyunzi esetshenziswa kabi futhi isiza izisulu zezebiwa zeNkinga Yokulondeka Yomphakathi. Lenhlangano iye yathatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwenombolo yeNyuselo yezentengiselwano ngokungemthetho futhi inikeza isiqondiso kubantu abanezinombolo eziye zancishwa. Ukugunyazwa kwezinhlangano ezikhomba i-FTC ne-CFPB, kumelwe inikeze imibiko yesikweleti yamahhala minyaka yonke futhi ivumele abathengi ukuba bafake izixwayiso zokukhwaba nokukhwaba amafayili abo ukuze bavimbele amasela ekuvuleni izindaba ezintsha.

Ukuphepha Kwezolimo Nokuphepha Kokudla

Izinhlangano zikahulumeni ziqinisekisa ukulondeka kwezindawo zokudla nokusekela ezolimo.

Ukuhlolwa Nokuvuselelwa Kokudla

I-Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), ingxenye ye-Umnyango Wezolimo, ihlola inyama, inyama yenkukhu, nemikhiqizo yamaqanda ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi iphephile, ilungile, futhi ibhalwe kahle. Abahloli bamaFSISE bakhona ezindlini zokubulala nasemambonini okulungisa, bahlola izilwane ngaphambi nangemva kokubulawa nokugada nokukhiqizwa. Inhlangano ihlela izinga lokuphepha kokudla, ihlola imikhiqizo yezifebe, futhi ithatha isinyathelo lapho ukuphulwa kwemithetho iqala. Lokhu kuvimbela imikhiqizo engcolile ekufinyeleleni abathengi futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi inyama nemikhiqizo yenyama yenyama ihlangene nezingako ezisezingeni.

IFDA ilawula ukuphepha kokunye ukudla okuningi, kuhlanganise nokukhiqiza, ukudla kwasolwandle, imikhiqizo yobisi, nokudla okunamapayipi. Lenhlangano ihlela izindinganiso zokukhiqizwa kokudla nokulungiswa, ihlola izakhiwo zokudla, futhi ibhekisa ukudla okuthengiswe kwamanye amazwe. I-FDA’s Food Safety Modernization Act yasusa ukugxila ekusabeleni ekuvimbeleni ukungcoliswa, idinga izikhungo zokudla ukuze kusetshenziswe amalungiselelo anele okuvikelayo anokulawula izingozi. Lezi zinqubo zokuvimbela izifo ezibangelwa ukudla ziye zanciphisa ukuqubuka nokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kokudla phakathi kweketheyini.

Ukusekela Kwezolimo Nokuthuthuka Kwasemaphandleni

I - Department of Agriculture inikeza abalimi nabalimi isisekelo ngezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene ezikhuthaza umkhiqizo wezolimo, ukunakekelwa kwendawo ezungezile, nokuthuthukiswa kwezomnotho emaphandleni. Izinhlelo zesivuno zomshuwalense zivikela abalimi ekulahlekelweni ngenxa yezinhlekelele zemvelo, ukuncishiswa kwamanani entengo, nezinye izingozi, zinikeza inetha lokuphepha elivumela abalimi ukuba baqhubeke besebenza naphezu kwezinselele. Izinhlelo zokulondolozwa kwemvelo zinikeza usizo lwezimali nobuchwepheshe kubalimi abasebenzisa imikhuba evikela inhlabathi, amanzi, nendawo yokuhlala yezilwane.

Izinhlelo zentuthuko yasemaphandleni zinikeza imali yokuboleka imali neminikelo yezindlu, intuthuko yezebhizinisi, nesisekelo emiphakathini yasemaphandleni. Le zinhlelo zisiza ekulondolozeni izindawo zasemaphandleni ezidingekayo, zithuthukise imisebenzi, futhi zithuthukise izinga lokuphila. Izinhlelo zokuvula ibhuloho zisebenza ukuze kutholakale i-intanethi emaphandleni, ziqaphela ukuthi ukuhlangana kubalulekile emfundweni, ekunakekeleni impilo, nasemathuba ezomnotho ekhulwini lama-21.

Ukuxhumana Nemithombo Yezindaba

Izinhlangano zikahulumeni ziqondisa ukuxhumana kwezokuxhumana nezokuxhumana ukuze zikhuthaze ukuncintisana, zivikele abathengi futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi izinhlelo zokuxhumana zisiza umphakathi.

Ukuthunywa Kokuxhumana Kwamazwe Ahlukene

I-Federal Communications Commission (FCC) ilawula ukuxhumana okuphakathi kwezwe namazwe ngomsakazo, ithelevishini, ucingo, isiphuphutheki, nentambo. Inhlangano ihlela imikhakha yemisebenzi ehlukahlukene, abasakazi nabathwali bamaza nocingo, futhi iphoqelela imithetho eklanyelwe ukukhuthaza ukuncintisana nokuvikela abathengi. Umsebenzi we FCC uqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo zokuxhumana zithembekile, ziyafinyeka, futhi zikhonza imiphakathi ehlukahlukene.

I-FCC ithuthukisa inkonzo yomhlaba wonke, isebenzela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amaMelika ayakwazi ukufinyelela izinkonzo zezokuxhumana ezibizayo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ahlalaphi. Izinhlelo zenkonzo yomhlaba wonke zinikeza izimali zokusekela izakhiwo zezokuxhumana emaphandleni aphezulu, zenza izinkonzo zibe lula kubathengi abahlawulwa imali ephansi, futhi zihlanganise izikole, imitapo yezincwadi, nezindawo zosizo lwezempilo ukuze zithuthukiswe. Lezinhlelo ziqaphela ukuthi ukukwazi ukuxhumana kubalulekile ukuze kungenele ngokugcwele emphakathini wanamuhla.

Isivikelo Sabathengi Ekukhulumisaneni

I-FCC ivikela abathengi emikhubeni engalungile nekhohlisayo yezinkampani zezokuxhumana. Lenhlangano imisa imithetho efuna ukuvunywa okucacile kwenkokhelo namagama, inqabela ukukhokhwa okungekho mthethweni, futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi abathengi bangashintsha izimpahla ngaphandle kwemingcele engekho nengqondo. I-FCC futhi i-propealls ne-panel, isebenzisa imithetho efuna ukuqinisekiswa kwe-ID ehanjiweyo futhi ivumele abathengi ukuba bavimbele izingcingo ezingafunwa ngokuphumelelayo.

Izimfuneko zokutholakala ziqinisekisa ukuthi abantu abakhubazekile bangathola izinkonzo zokuxhumana nemishini. I-FCC idinga abathwebuli bezingcingo zokuxhumana ukuze banikeze izinkonzo ezivumela abantu abangakwazi ukuzwa noma ukukhuluma ukuba bashaye ucingo. Uhlelo lwevidiyo luhlanganisa izihloko ezivalekile kubantu abayizithulu noma abangakwazi ukuzwa, kanye nencazelo yamavidiyo kubantu abayizimpumputhe noma abangaboni kahle. Lezi zimfuneko zikhuthaza ukufakwa nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana buzuzisa wonke umuntu.

Uhulumeni Oyinhloko Odinga Ukuvikelwa Kwamalungelo Akho

  • I-Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) - Ubugebengu be-Pinteincers kahulumeni kanye nezisongelo ekulondekeni kwesizwe
  • ISivumelwano soMahlulelo Omthetho Ohlukanisa Amalungelo - Imithetho yamalungelo omphakathi kahulumeni
  • [ I-Opportunity Commission (EOC) - ubandlululo emsebenzini
  • I-Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) ihlanganisa ukusabela enhlekeleleni kanye nokululama
  • Izindonga zokulawula izifo nokuvimbela (CDC) - zivikela impilo yomphakathi futhi zivimbela izifo
  • Food and Drug Administration (FDA)[[FDA:1] - Iqinisekisa ukuphepha kokudla, izidakamizwa, kanye nemishini yezokwelapha
  • [ I-Federal Trade Commission (FTC) - ivikela abathengi ekukhwabaniseni nasemikhubeni yezebhizinisi engalungile
  • I-Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) - Izakhono zezezimali nezinkonzo
  • [[[QURT:0] Izindawo kanye ne-Exchange Commission (SEC) - Ilawula izimakethe zokwenga nokuvikela abatshali bezimali
  • Izindinganiso zokuphepha ze-CPSC - Imisa imikhiqizo yabathengi
  • [ Environal Protection Agency (EPA) - ivikela impilo yomuntu nendawo ezungezile
  • Ukhuseleko ne-Asministration yempilo (OSHA) - Iqinisekisa ukuphepha emsebenzini
  • ISikhumulo seHhovisi lezemfundo samalungelo omphakathi - iphoqelela imithetho yamalungelo omphakathi emfundweni
  • [ Izindawo zokuhlala nentuthuko yase Urban (HUD) - Imposiso yemithetho yezindlu elungile futhi inikeza usizo lwezindlu
  • I-Veterans Administration of Health - Inikeza inqubo yokunakekela impilo komakadebona
  • U.S.izengradshi kanye neNkonzo yokufuduka (USCIS) - Inkonzo ifuduka futhi yenza imvelo
  • [[I-FLT:0] i-Cybersecurity kanye ne-infractal Security Agency (CISISA) ivikela isisekelo esibucayi ezingsongoni ze-inthaneti
  • [ Ikhomishane yokuxhumana e-FCC] - ihlela ukuxhumana futhi ithuthukisa ukufinyelela yonke indawo

Indlela Yokuthola Izinkonzo Zokuzivikela Zikahulumeni

Ukuqonda indlela yokuthola izinkonzo zikahulumeni nesivikelo kubalulekile ekusebenziseni amalungelo akho nasekutholeni usizo lapho kudingeka. Izinhlangano eziningi zinikeza izakhamuzi izindlela eziningi ukuze zifune usizo, izikhalo zamafayela, noma zicele ukwaziswa.

Izikhalo Ezibi Nokubhikisha

Uma ukholelwa ukuthi amalungelo akho aphuliwe noma uye walimala ngenxa yezenzo ezingekho emthethweni noma ezingaphephile, ukuvala isikhalo nenxusa elifanele ngokuvamile kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esiya enqubeni. Izinhlangano eziningi zinikeza izindlela zokukhononda nge-inthanethi ezikuqondisa ngenqubo yokunikeza ukwaziswa okudingekile. Lezi zimo zivame ukubuza imininingwane ngokuthi kwenzekani, nini eyenzekayo, ubani ohilelekile, futhi kulimaza kuni okwaba khona.

Izinhlangano eziningi ziphethe futhi ama-pane lapho ungakhuluma khona nabameleli abangaphendula imibuzo futhi bakusize ukuba ubhale phansi izikhalo. Lezizikhangiso ezishisayo zibaluleke kakhulu uma izimo ziphuthuma noma lapho udinga isiqondiso ngokuthi iyiphi inkampani engasiza empikiswaneni yakho ethile. Ezinye izinhlangano zinikeza izinkonzo zezilimi eziningi ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthi izithiyo zolimi azibavimbeli abantu ekutholeni isivikelo.

Ukufuna Ulwazi Nosizo

Izinhlangano zikahulumeni zinamawebhusayithi amaningi anokwaziswa okuphathelene namalungelo, izimiso nezinkonzo ezikhona. Lezi zingosi zivame ukuhlanganisa ama FAQ, amakhasi, iziyalezo, nezinto zokufundisa ezisiza izakhamuzi ukuba ziqonde amalungelo nemithwalo yazo yemfanelo. Izinhlangano eziningi zinikeza amathuluzi nezinombolo ezisiza abantu ukuba banqume ukuthi izinhlelo noma izinzuzo zokulinganisela ziyoba ngcono.

I-USA.gov isebenza njengendawo eyinhloko yokwaziswa kukahulumeni, isiza izakhamuzi ukuba zithole izinhlangano nezinkonzo ezizidingayo. Ingosi inikeza ukwaziswa okuhlelwa ngezihloko nangezenzakalo zokuphila, okwenza kube lula ukuqondisa izinkonzo zikahulumeni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Amawebhusayithi kahulumeni nendawo anikeza imithombo efanayo yezinkonzo kulezo zilinganiso.

Ukusebenza Nezinhlangano Zezemfundo

Izinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo nezinhlangano ezinikeza usizo lwezomthetho zisiza abantu ukuba basebenzise izimiso zikahulumeni kanye nezindlela zokuphepha. Lezi zinhlangano zinikeza usizo olukhululekile noma oluphansi olungokomthetho, zisiza abantu ukuba babhale izikhalo zemali nezicelo, futhi zisekela izinguquko ezingokwenqubo eziqinisa isivikelo. Abaningi bajwayele ezindaweni ezithile njengamalungelo omphakathi, ukuvikela abathengi, ubulungisa bendawo ezungezile, noma ukufuduka, bathuthukise ulwazi olujulile oluzuzisa abantu abakhonza kuyo.

Izinhlangano zomphakathi ngokuvamile zibambisana nezinhlangano zikahulumeni ukuze zinikeze inzuzo nemfundo, zisiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi abantu abasengozini bayazi ngesivikelo nezinkonzo ezikhona. Lokhu kubambisana kubaluleke ngokukhethekile ekufinyeleleni imiphakathi engase ibhekane nezithiyo zolimi, ukuntuleka kwe - Internet, noma ukuba nokuhlangenwe nakho okulinganiselwe kwezimiso zikahulumeni zokuhamba.

Ikusasa Lezinkonzo Zokuzivikela Zikahulumeni

Ukuqonda lezi zimo kusiza izakhamuzi ukuba zilindele ukuthi isivikelo singashintsha kanjani nokuthi iziphi izinkonzo ezintsha ezingase zitholakale.

Izinkonzo Zobuchwepheshe Nezobuchwepheshe

Imishini isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ngokuqhubekayo ukuthuthukisa ukuhanjiswa kwenkonzo futhi yenza kube lula ngezakhamuzi ukuba zikwazi ukufinyelela izikhuselo. Ama-opera avumela abantu ukuba babhale phansi izicelo, bahlole isimo sezezimali, futhi baxhumane nezinhlangano ngaphandle kokuvakashela amahhovisi. Izinhlelo ze-opera zinikeza ukwaziswa nezinkonzo ezingcono. Ukuhlakanipha kokwenziwa nemishini yosizo kuhlela izinhlelo ngokushesha kakhulu futhi kuphawule izindlela ezingase zibonise ukukhohlisa noma ukwephula.

Izinkonzo zemishini kumelwe zilinganisele usizo nokulondeka nokutholakala. Imishini ifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimiso ze-inthanethi zivikela ukwaziswa komuntu siqu okuzwelayo kuyilapho zihlala zitholakala kubantu abakhubazekile nakulabo abangenazo imishini enele. Izinhlangano eziningi zigcina iziteshi zenkonzo ezivamile zihambisana nezinketho zemishini, ziqaphela ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu ongakwazi noma okhetha ukuxhumana nohulumeni kuyi-inthanethi.

Ukukhuluma Nezinsongo Ezivundlile

Izinselele ezintsha zidinga izinhlangano ukuze zivumelanise izindlela zazo futhi zithuthukise izindlela ezintsha zokuvikela. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kudala izingozi ezimelwe ukuba izinhlangano ezilawula isimo esiphuthumayo zilungise. Ubuchwepheshe obuhlanganisa izinto ezinjengokuhlakanipha kokwenziwa buphakamisa imibuzo emisha ephathelene nokungahloniphi, ukucwaswa, nokuphepha okumelwe ihlolwe abaqondisi. Ukusongela i - Internet okulungisa i - Internet kudinga intuthuko eqhubekayo ekuvikeleni i - Internet kanye namakhono okusabela ezehlakaniphi.

Izimo eziphuthumayo zithatha izindlela zokuhlola, zisebenzela ukuvimbela izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke kunokuba zimane ziphendule ngemva kokulimala. Lokhu kushintsha kudinga ukutshala imali ekucwaningeni, ekuhlaziyweni kokwaziswa, nezimiso zokuxwayisa zokuqala ezingabona izingozi ezivelayo. Kudinga futhi ukubambisana phakathi kwezinhlangano, nezinkampani ezizimele kanye nabantu bomhlaba wonke, ziqaphela ukuthi izinselele eziningi zidlula imingcele engokwesiko.

Ukuthuthukisa Ubulungisa Nokutholakala Kwabo

Izinhlangano zikahulumeni zigxile kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi isivikelo nezinkonzo zifinyelelwe ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke imiphakathi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuxoxa ngezimo ezingokomlando ezingafani endleleni imiphakathi ehlukene eye yathunyelwa ngayo, ukususa izithiyo ezivimbela abantu ekungeneni izinkonzo, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho ayinamiphumela engekho ngokusemthethweni. Izimo ziqoqa futhi zihlaziye ukwaziswa ngendlela imiphakathi ehlukene ebhekana ngayo nezinhlelo zayo, isebenzisa lokhu kwaziswa ekuboneni izinhlelo zayo futhi kususe ikheli.

Ukuthembisana komphakathi kusiza izinhlangano ukuba ziqonde izidingo nezinkathazo zabantu ezibakhonzayo. Izimo eziphuthumayo ziqhuba imihlangano yomphakathi, ziqhube ukuhlolwa, futhi zihambisane nezinhlangano zomphakathi ukuqoqa iziphakamiso ezisekelwe ezimisweni nasezimisweni.

Isiphetho: Ukuzibophezela Okuqhubekayo Ukuze Uvikelwe

Izinhlangano zikahulumeni zifeza indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni amalungelo, ukuphepha, nokuhlala kahle kwezakhamuzi. Kusukela ekuqinisekiseni umoya ohlanzekile namanzi ukuze kuvikelwe izisebenzi ezingozini, ekumiseni imithetho yamalungelo abantu ukuze zikwazi ukusabela ezimweni eziphuthumayo, lezi zinhlangano zithinta cishe zonke izici zokuphila kwansuku zonke. Nakuba umsebenzi wezinhlangano zikahulumeni uvame ukwenzeka ngaphandle kwezindawo ezibonwayo, ithonya lawo likhulu futhi lifinyelela kude.

Ukuqonda indlela lezi zikhungo ezisebenza ngayo kanye nesivikelo ezisinikezayo kunika izakhamuzi amandla okusebenzisa amalungelo azo, ukukwazi ukuzenzela izinkonzo ezitholakalayo, nokuziphendulela kuhulumeni. Uma wazi amalungelo akho nendlela yokuwaqinisa, uhlonyiselwa kangcono ukuze uzivikele wena nomkhaya wakho. Uma uqonda ukuthi iziphi izinkonzo ezikhona, ungathola usizo uma uzidinga.

Ukuphumelela kwesivikelo sikahulumeni kuxhomeke ekwakheni izakhamuzi ezikhuthele. Izakhamuzi ezibika ukuphulwa kwemithetho, ukuqulwa kwamafayela, nokuhlanganyela ezimisweni zomphakathi zisiza izinhlangano zibone izinkinga futhi ziveze amakhambi aphumelelayo. Ukunikeza izinqumo kanye nokumisa izakhamuzi ezisekela izinhlangano eziqondisayo. Ngokuhlala zinolwazi futhi zithembise, izakhamuzi ziqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlangano zikahulumeni ziyaqhubeka zisiza futhi zivikela amalungelo abo bonke abantu futhi zivikela ukuphepha kwabo.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngezinkonzo zikahulumeni, vakashela USUSA. gov, isiqondiso esisemthethweni sokwaziswa nosizo lukahulumeni. Ukufunda ngamalungelo akho omphakathi nendlela yokubhala amaphutha, vakashela [ ukukhishwa kweJaji lamaLungelo [[FLT:]. Ukuze uthole i-FOLT Ukhuseleko lwabathengi nokukhwabanisa, vakashela i-FOLT [[FLT:] Commarkers [. Ukuthola ukwaziswa okuphathelene nomsebenzi nokuphepha, vakashela [[FLT] Ukhuseleko Nezokuphatha Impilo [FLT].[FLT]