Isingeniso

Izindaba zendawo ezungezile ziye zasuka enkabeni yenkulumo yezombangazwe yaseJapane. Phakathi neshumi leminyaka elidlule, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukungcoliswa komoya namanzi, ukulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kanye nokulondeka kwamandla kuye kwalungisa indlela amaqembu alungisa ngayo amapulatifomu awo, umkhankaso wamavoti, futhi alawule. IJapane, njengoba ikharbon ekhulu kakhulu emhlabeni futhi isayina ePhalamini leMithelelana yaseParis, ibhekene nokucindezela okukhulayo kokubili emakhaya nasezweni lonke ukuba ithathe imithetho eyingozi yendawo ezungezile. Lesi sihloko sihlola indlela lezingcindezelo eziguqula ngayo izigaba zezombangazwe zamaJapan, inqubo elandelayo, nezinselele ezisaqhubeka njengoba iJapan iqondisa amandla ayo kanye nezifiso zokukhula.

Ushintsho lubangelwa yinhlanganisela yezici: inhlekelele yenuzi iFukushima ngo-2011, eyaqeda icebo lamandla eJapane; ukuqaphela umphakathi ngezingozi zesimo sezulu; izibopho zembulunga yonke zobudlelwano; namathuba ezomnotho amandla avuselelwe nobuchwepheshe obuluhlaza. Ngenxa yalokho, isimiso sendawo ezungezile asisesona isithiyo kodwa siyinto eyinhloko yezombangazwe ethinta imiphumela yokukhetha, izingxoxo zezivumelwano zezivumelwano, kanye nezinhlelo zomthetho.

Umlando Wezombangazwe Zendawo Ezungezile EJapane

Umzabalazo wendawo ezungezile waseJapane unezimpande ezijulile. Ngo-1960 nango-1970, ukuvela kwezezimboni ngokushesha kwaholela ezehlakalweni ezingathi sína zokungcola, njengesifo seMinamata (i-methylmercury popute) ne-“ susma (intuthu ye-oxide). Lezi zinhlekelele zabangela isakhamuzi ukuba sithathe isinyathelo sokuzingela futhi ziphoqelele uhulumeni ukuba akhiphe ezinye zezinga lokungcolisa komhlaba okukhulu. ISicie Environment Law ka 1993 kanye nokumiswa koMnyango Wezenterstry of the Environment ngo-2001 ecultived curality ibusance.

Nokho, amashumi eminyaka, izindaba zendawo ezungezile zahlala ziwumsebenzi oyinhloko wamaqembu amaningi avamile, abeka phambili ukukhula kwezomnotho nokulondeka kwamandla. ILiberal Democratic Party (LDP), eye yabusa iJapane esikhathini esiningi sangemva kwempi, intando yamandla ephezulu ethandwayo ngokomlando njengomthombo wamandla aphansi, aphansi kakhulu. Inhlekelele ka-2011 Fukushima yaphela, okwaholela ekucinyweni kwazo zonke izinjini zenuzi kanye nempikiswano eqhubekayo ngokuphathelene namandla eJapane. Lesi senzakalo saguqula kakhulu isayensi yezombangazwe, senza amandla nesimiso sendawo ezungezile saba isikhungo esiyinhloko, esincintisana nokhetho lwesizwe.

Ukuvela Kwezombangazwe Eziluhlaza EJapane

Izombangazwe eziluhlaza eJapane zikhula kancane kancane, nakuba zisalokhu zinethonya elincane kunasemazweni amaningi aseYurophu. IGreen Party (Mori no Tō), eyasungulwa ngo-2012, abameleli bokushintshwa okusheshayo kwamandla angu-100%, ukuphuma kwamandla enuzi, kanye nokuthatha isinyathelo esiqinile esiqinile. Iye yathola izihlalo emihlanganweni yendawo kanye nendlu yamaBualllors kodwa ayikafinyeleli ukumeleka kakhulu kwesizwe. Amanye amaqembu amancane, njengaseReiwa Shinsengumi, futhi athuthukisa indawo ezungezile kanye nezindaba zobulungisa bezenhlalo.

Ukutholwa Kweqembu Eliyinhloko Kwama - Platform Endawo Ezungezile

Ngokubaluleke kakhulu, amaqembu amakhulu aye afaka inqubo yendawo ezungezile ebanzi kakhulu emapulatifomuni awo. I-LDP, ngaphansi kwendunankulu yezikhulu uShinzo Abe, uYoshihihide Suga, uFumio Kisida, noShigeru Ishiba, iye yahlanganisa icebo "lokukhula okuluhlaza okwengcambu" elilawula ukusebenza kwendawo ezungezile njengethuba lezomnotho. Ngo-20202020, uhulumeni weSuga wamemezela umgomo wokufinyelela ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni nge-2050, isibopho esiphawulekayo esaguqula kabusha isimiso sezenqubo yezentando yeJapan (CDP), ukuphikiswa okukhulu, kuye kwaqhubekela phambili, kuveza isisulu sokuncishiswa kwegesi eshisayo ekhipha amakhemikhali ekhipha amandla enuzi ngo-2030.

IQembu lobuKhomanisi laseJapane (JCP) sekuyisikhathi eside lisekela ukulawulwa kwezindawo ezizungezile okunonya nokuqedwa kwamandla enuzi. IKomeito, ilungu lika-LDP elisebenza nombaleki we-LDP, liye lagxila ekulinganiseleni imigomo yendawo ezungezile kanye nokulondeka kwamandla nezomnotho. Ngisho neQembu le-Innovation (Nippon Ishin no Kai) elinamasuntswana liye lasekela ukwanda okuvusemgangathweni lenuzi, nakuba lihlala liqaphile kakhulu ngesigaba senuzi.

Amasiko Endawo Ezungezile Ashukumisa Izinkathi Zezombangazwe

Izindawo eziningana eziyinhloko zezimiso ziye zaba izisekelo zempikiswano yeqembu nezenzo. Lezinkambiso azizona nje ezemisebenzi kodwa zinemiphumela ejulile yezombangazwe nemibono. Ukuqonda kubalulekile ekuqondeni indlela ukuncintisana kwezindawo ezizungezile okubumba ngayo umncintiswano weqembu kanye nezici ezihlangene.

Ukungathathi - hlangothi Kwe - carbon Ngo - 2050

Umgomo waseJapane ka-2050 wokungathathi hlangothi kwecarbon, owamenyezelwa ngo-2020, uye waba yisibopho esiyisisekelo phakathi kwamaqembu amaningi. I-LDP's Green Growth Strategy ihlela amangxenye angu-14 abalulekile, kuhlanganise nomoya ovela ogwini, i-hydrogen, i- ammonia, kanye namandla alandelayo esizukulwane. Uhulumeni ubeke izigidigidi zeyen exhasa imali kanye nezisusa zentela zokuthuthukisa izakhi eziluhlaza. I-CDP ne-JCP igxeka icebo lokuthembela kakhulu kubuchwepheshe obungaqinisekisiwe obunjenge-hydrogen ne-ammonia cofie, abaphikisana nokusetshenziswa kwezinto zokwembula imfucuku. Basekela ukwanda okukhulu kwemisebe emishayo, ikakhulukazi u-odaycular kanye nomoya.

Isilinganiso sokwehliswa kwegesi ekhishwayo samashumi amabini amathathu esilinganiso esingu-4, ngaphansi kuka-20% ku-2013, singesinye isisulu. IJapane yathumela lesisulu kuZizwe Ezihlangene njengendawo yoMpiro we-National Ehlonze (NDC) ngaphansi kwesivumelwano se-Paris. Amaqembu endawo ezungezile neqembu lokuphikiswa aphikisayo aphikisa ngokuthi lesi sisulu anele ukuhlangabezana nomgomo wembulunga yonke wokulinganisela ukufudumala ku - 1,5°C. I-CDP iye yacela ukwehla kwamashumi amahlanu ekhulwini ngo-2030, kanti i-Green Party Japan isekela ngo-60%.

Ukwanda Kwamandla Okuvuselelwa

Ingxenye yamandla avuselelwayo eJapane iye yakhula ngokuphawulekayo kusukela lapho kusungulwa amaza ombane asebenza ngo-2023, afinyelela cishe kumaphesenti angu-2 esizukulwane sikagesi ngo-2023. Amandla elanga ahola inhlanganisela, ahlanganisa isizukulwane esicishe sibe yishumi%, alandelwa yi-hydropolars (8%) nomoya (1%). Nokho, iJapane ishiyeka ngemva kwamazwe amaningi athuthukile ahamba ngomoya ophehlwayo, ngenxa yokuvalwa kwezwe, ukuvinjelwa kwemigqa, kanye nezithiyo ezilawulayo.

Izindawo ze-lives ziyahluka endleleni yokufuna izinto ezivuselelwa ngamandla. I-LDP ivumela ukuxubana kwamandla ahlukahlukene ahlanganisa izinto ezivuselelwayo, i-injini yenuzi, kanye nezinto ezivubukula ngokuthuthwa kwekharbon. I-CDP ne-JCP zisunduza ukuba zivuselelwe ukuze zibe umthombo wamandla, nezisulu zamashumi amahlanu% noma ngaphezulu ngo-2030. I-Green Party Japan idinga amandla avuselelwayo ngo-2035. I-Grid ukulondoloza amandla, nokugcina amandla, nemithetho yokusebenzisa indawo kuyizimiso eziyinhloko zempi.

Amandla Enuzi Nefa LaseFukushima

Amandla enuzi aseyinkinga ehlukanisa kakhulu kwezentengiselwano zendawo ezungezile yaseJapane. Inhlekelele iFukushima yaqeda ukwethenjwa komphakathi, futhi abakhi bogesi abaningi bahlala ngaphandle kolayini. I-LDP kancane kancane iye yasebenza ukuphinde iqale kabusha imishini edlula ezindinganisweni zokuphepha eziqinile, iphikisa ukuthi amandla enuzi abalulekile ekuhlangabezaneni nemigomo yokungathathi hlangothi kwecarbon nokuqinisekisa ukulondeka kwamandla. Kusukela ngo-2025, imishini ekhipha amandla emhlaza eshumini nambili iphinde yaqala ukuthenjwa, futhi yasebenza kaningana enqubweni yokuvunyelwa.

I-CDP ne-JCP ziphikisa ukwakhiwa kwezikhali zenuzi ezintsha futhi zisekela ukulawulwa kwesigaba. Isimo seCDP sicaciswe kakhulu: ivumela ukuvalwa kwemishini yamandla asebegugile kodwa ayikuvumeli ukusebenza amasha uma kuqinisekisiwe. IKomeito isekela ukusondela "kwengcono" kodwa igcizelela ukuphepha nemvume yendawo. Impikiswano mayelana namandla enuzi akuyona nje indawo ezungezile kodwa futhi ithinta nentuthuko yendawo, ukubusa kwendawo, kanye nokuzichaza kwe-Fukushima kwaseJapane.

Ukulawula Ukungcola Nokuphathwa Kwamahlathi

Ngaphandle kokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, izimpikiswano ezingokwesiko zendawo ezungezile zisebalulekile. Ukungcoliswa komoya, ikakhulukazi ezimbonini zikagesi namalahle kanye nasentunjeni yemoto, kuyaqhubeka ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nasezimbonini. Izinga lamanzi, ukungcola kwenhlabathi, nokulahlwa kwemfucumfucu kwezezimboni kuyaqhubeka kukhathaza. Amadili asekela imithetho eqinile, nakuba i-LDP ithanda ukubambisana ngokuzithandela nokubambisana kwemboni, kuyilapho iCDP ne-JCP iqhudela izisulu zokugcinwa nokugcinwa.

Ukulawula imfucumfucu yepulasitiki kuye kwavela njengendaba evelele, ebangelwa ukukhathazeka kwembulunga yonke ngepulasitiki yolwandle. IJapane iyindawo yesibili ekhuliswe kakhulu emhlabeni kumnini-yo wonke ekhiqiza ipulasitiki, futhi amazinga ayo okusetshenziswa kabusha aphansi kunezibalo ezingokomthetho ezisikiselayo. Uhulumeni uye wasungula umthetho wokujikeleza kwepulasitiki, futhi ezinye izindawo ziye zavala ipulasitiki eyodwa. Izindawo eziluhlaza kanye nendawo ezungezile ziphikisa ukuncishiswa kwezisulu eziphambili kanye nentela yepulasitiki yesizwe.

Izikhundla Zeqembu Neziqu Zokuhlolwa Kwabantu

Isimiso sendawo ezungezile manje siyisici esiphawulekayo sokuncintisana kwezezivoti eJapane. Amapali asebenzisa indawo yawo ezungezile ukuze azihlukanise, anxuse amaqembu ayinhloko amanani abantu, futhi akhe imifelandawonye. Ukuhluka kwezinkinga zendawo ezungezile kuyahlukahluka ngomjikelezo wokhetho, kodwa ukuthambekela kusekwandiseni.

I - Liberal Democratic Party (LDP)

Isu le-LDP lokwenza indawo ezungezile lakhiwe emqondweni "wokukhula okuluhlaza," ohlanganisa ukuthatha isinyathelo isimo sezulu esivumelana nesokuncintisana kwezomnotho. Iqembu ligcizelela ukusungulwa kwezobuchwepheshe, ubungane bomphakathi, nomholi womhlaba wonke ezindaweni ezinjengokuthunjwa kwe-hydrogen necarbon. Igcina isimo se-injini yenuzi, nakuba inezimiso ezingcono zokuphepha. Indlela ye-LDP i-pragmith ne-se-seneacel, ihlose ukulinganisela imigomo yendawo ezungezile kanye nokulondeka kwamandla nezithakazelo zezezimboni.

Lelicebo likhanga ezindaweni zebhizinisi, ikakhulukazi izimboni ezinkulu ze-keiretsu ezifaka i-congrim embonini yobuchwepheshe obuluhlaza. Kuthinta futhi abavoti abadala basemaphandleni abangabaza ushintsho olusheshayo. Nokho, i-LDP ibhekene nokugxekwa abasekeli bezemvelo nabavoti abasebasha ababheka izisulu zayo njengezinganele futhi zithembele kumandla enuzi nakumandla avubukulayo afana nezimo zembulunga yonke.

IQembu Lentando Yeningi Lomthetho - sisekelo (CDP)

I-CDP izikhundla ngokwayo njengeqembu lezenzo zesimo sezulu esiphambili. Indawo yalo ehlanganisa izisulu zamandla avuseleleka kakhulu, isigaba esisheshayo esiphuma kumalahle nenuzi, nezimiso eziqinile zokungcoliswa nokulahlwa. Leliqembu lihlanganisa futhi isimiso sendawo ezungezile nobulungisa bezenhlalo, ligcizelela isidingo sokusekela izisebenzi nemiphakathi ethintelwe yinguquko yamandla (ushintsho olulungile).

ICDP ithola ukusekelwa abavoti abasedolobheni, abasebasha, nabafundile abahlela ukushintsha isimo sezulu. Izindaba zendawo ezungezile ziyithuluzi eliyinhloko eliqoqa imikhankaso yayo, ikakhulukazi emadolobheni lapho i-LDP ibuthakathaka khona. Nokho, i-CDP kumelwe ilinganisele izifiso zayo zendawo ezungezile kanye nezinkathazo zezinyunyana zezisebenzi nezisebenzi zezezimboni, ezingase zesabe ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi ezingxenyeni zamandla avamile.

IQembu LamaKhomanisi LaseJapane (JCP)

I-JCP esekela izimiso zendawo ezungezile ezinonya kakhulu phakathi kwamaqembu amakhulu. Idinga isigaba esiphelele nesisheshayo samandla enuzi, ukuncishiswa kwamandla enuzi ngo-2030, kanye nokwanda okukhulu kokusetshenziswa komphakathi kumandla avuselelwe nezakhiwo eziluhlaza. Leliqembu ligcizelela futhi ubulungisa bendawo ezungezile, liphikisa ukuthi ukungcola nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuthinta imiphakathi empofu nengalinganiswanga.

I-JCP's sisiza ukuba ikhange intsha, ishiye abavoti nabashisekeli abakhokhelayo. Nokho, ukuhlangana kwayo nezikhundla eziqinile kwezinye izindaba (njengobudlelwano bomthetho-mthetho-sisekelo ne-US-Japan) kulinganisela ukukhanga kwayo okukhulu. I-JCP imise izivumelwano zokubambisana kokhetho neCDP emincintiswaneni ethile, ihlanganisa ukuvota kwabo indawo ezungezile ngokumelene nama-LDP.

IKomeito Nemisebe Yezakhi Zomzimba

Komeito, i-LDP's sced, isebenza nomngane ongaphansi, inendima ebalulekile ekulolongeni isimiso sendawo ezungezile. Iqembu, elisekelwe enhlanganweni yobuBuddha i-Soka Gakkai, ligcizelela ukuvumelana nemvelo, ukuthula, nenhlalakahle yezenhlalo. Lisekela umgomo wokungathathi hlangothi wekharbon kodwa liqaphe kakhulu ngamandla enuzi, liphikelela ezindinganisweni zokuphepha eziqinile nasemvumeni yendawo. I-Komeito futhi liqhubele phambili izinyathelo eziqinile ekunciphiseni ukungcola, ekuvuseleleni, nasekuvikeleni amakhemikhali.

Phakathi kwesivumelwano, uKomeito ngezinye izikhathi usebenza njengegunya elilawulayo, unqanda ukuthambekela kwe-LDP kwezebhizinisi kanye ne-injini ye-octrome-tomul. Ngokwesibonelo, uKomeito uye wasekela imithetho eqinile ezimbonini zamandla amalahle futhi wathuthukisa inzuzo yamandla avuselelekayo. Ithonya lakhe linamandla kakhulu ezindabeni zendawo ezungezile lapho "indlela ephambene" ivumelana nombono womphakathi.

Izimo Zengqondo Ezikhangayo Nombono Womphakathi

Ukukhathazeka komphakathi ngezindaba zendawo ezungezile eJapane kukhulu futhi kuyakhula. Ukuhlola kwe-Cabibine Office nezinhlangano zomhlaba wonke njengePew Research Center kubonisa ukuthi iningi lezakhamuzi zaseJapane libheka ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu njengosongo olukhulu nokusekela isinyathelo sikahulumeni esiqinile. Nokho, ukuhlukahluka kwezici zendawo ezungezile kuyahlukahluka ngezici zenani labantu nezindawo, okuthi zona zishintshe amasu eqembu.

Izigaba Zesizukulwane Nezasemadolobheni

Abavoti abasebasha baseJapane (ngaphansi kuka-40) bakhathazeke kakhulu ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kunezizukulwane ezindala. Bathambekele kakhulu ekusekeleni ukuncishiswa kwegesi eyingozi, ukwanda kwamandla, nokukhushulwa kwenuzi. Lokhu kuhlukana kwesizukulwane kuboniswa emiklamweni yokuvota: amaqembu anezindawo zendawo ezungezile eziqinile (CDP, JCP, Green Party) avame ukwenza kangcono phakathi kwabavoti abasebasha, kuyilapho i-LDP ithola ukusekelwa kakhulu kwenani lasebekhulile.

Izakhamuzi zasedolobheni ziyahlukanisa futhi. Izakhamuzi zasedolobheni, ikakhulukazi eTokyo, e-Osaka, nakwamanye amadolobha amakhulu, ngokuvamile zikhathalela indawo ezungezile futhi zisekela imithetho eluhlaza. Abavoti basemaphandleni, abancike kakhulu ezimbonini ezingokwesiko njengezolimo, ukudoba, nokukhipha uphethiloli, ngokuvamile kuyangatshazwa kakhulu ngoshintsho olusheshayo. Amaholide kumelwe ahambe ngokucophelela, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezixubene zasedolobheni.

Ukuthatha Isinyathelo Kwentsha Nezimo Zesimo Sezulu

Ukukhula kwezinhlangano zezesimo sezulu zembulunga yonke, njengeDays for Future neSchool Attall for Climate, kuye kwathonya ezombangazwe zamaJapane. Abashisekeli bentsha yaseJapane baye bahlela iziteleka, ukubhikisha, nemikhankaso yokugqugquzela, ukusunduza amaqembu ukuba athathe izibopho zesimo sezulu ezinamandla. Nakuba ithonya lenhlangano eliqondiswe ngokuqondile liselinganiselwe, iye yaphakamisa isimo sempikiswano yendawo ezungezile futhi yacindezela amaqembu ukuba athathe izikhundla ezicacile.

I-social Wetwork ineziphakamiso ezikhuliswe kakhulu zentsha futhi ivumelanisa izimo. Abasebenzi basebenzisa amapulatifomu anjenge X (eyayiyiyi-Twitter), i-Instagram, ne-TikTok ukuxoxa ngokwaziswa, ukuhlela izenzakalo, nokubeka abezombangazwe icala. Eminye imibuthano, ikakhulukazi i-CDP ne-JCP, baye bafaka izimfuno zabo eziqinile emaqenjini nasemaqenjini emikhankasweni.

Ukucindezela Nezibopho Zamazwe Ngamazwe

Izimiso zendawo ezungezile zaseJapane zilolongwa yizimiso zezizwe zonke kanye nezingcindezi zezizwe ngezizwe. Njengesivumelwano sesivumelwano se-Paris, iJapane kudingeka ithobele i-NDCs ebanzi futhi ibonise intuthuko eqondene nezisulu zayo. Izwe futhi lihlanganyela eG7, G20, kanye nezinye izikhawu lapho ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuyizinto eziyinhloko. Ukuhluleka ukuhlangabezana nezibopho zomhlaba wonke kungalimaza idumela leJapan nekhono lalo lokusebenzisa ithonya lezokuxhumana.

Usizo lwezentuthuko engokomthetho engokomthetho eJapane (ODA) luhlanganisa isici esibalulekile sendawo ezungezile, ukuxhasa ngezimali imisebenzi yamandla avuselelwayo, ukujwayela isimo sezulu, nokulawula ukungcola emazweni asathuthuka. IJapan International Cooperation Agency (JACA) isekela ukudluliswa kwezakhiwo nobuchwepheshe obuluhlaza. Le zinhlelo ziqinisa izibopho zezizwe zonke zaseJapane futhi zivulela izinkampani zaseJapane amathuba ezomnotho eziluhlaza embulungeni yonke.

Ukuxhumana kwangaphandle emithonjeni enegunya yezinhlelo zezwe lonke zesimo sezulu eJapane ne-ODA yendawo ezungezile kubalulekile kubafundi abafuna ukwaziswa okwengeziwe. Ngokwesibonelo, uMnyango Wezindaba Zangaphandle ukhipha imibiko eningiliziwe ngezokuxhumana kwezesimo sezulu saseJapane, ne International Energy Agency (IEA) inikeza imininingwane yenhlanganisela yamandla negesi eJapane. I-Climate Act Racestorer inikeza ukuhlolwa okuzimele kwesimiso sezesimo sezulu saseJapane. [[FLT:]] Imisebenzi yezenterstry of Fostance Affant ne [FLT:] ne-[FLT] IEA's profileti yezwe laseJapane [FLT:]

Ukulinganisa Kwezomnotho: Green Growth vs.

Ukushintshela ezomnotho eziphansi kunikeza kokubili amathuba nezinselele kwezomnotho zaseJapane. Kwesinye isandla, ubuchwepheshe obuluhlaza buyingxenye yokukhula. IJapane inekhono elinamandla ezindaweni ezinjengezindawo ezinamawolishi anamandla, izinto ezisebenza ngamandla kagesi, izakhi zemoto, namangqamuzana kagesi. Icebo lokukhula okuluhlaza elihloselwe ukudala imisebenzi, ukuthuthukisa intuthuko, nokuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwezentengiselwano zembulunga yonke yezwe. Ngo-2050, izakhiwo zikahulumeni ezimboni eziluhlaza zingaveza isilinganiso esiyizigidi ezingu-4,90 zezigidi zemali ngokwenani lezentengiselwano yezomnotho futhi zakhe imisebenzi eyizigidi ezingu-1.8.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umnotho waseJapane uhlala uncike kakhulu ezinto ezivundlile, ikakhulukazi kumafutha athengwa kwamanye amazwe, amalahle, kanye negesi engokwemvelo enyibilikayo (LNG). Izwe linebutho elikhulu lemishini yamandla kagesi eshisiwe, kanye nezimboni zalo ezisindayo (isiteyingi, amakhemikhali, usimende) ezincike kakhulu. Ushintsho kulamapulangwe luzobiza kakhulu futhi lungazwela ngokwezombangazwe. Izisebenzi nemiphakathi ezindaweni ezinamalahle angena emalahleni, njenge Hokkaido noKyushuwa, ukubhekana nokudilika kwezomnotho. Amaparishi kumelwe akhulume ngalemiphumela engokonganiso ukuze alondoloze ukusekela kwezombangazwe.

Impikiswano ngejubane nobukhulu bamandla ashintshwayo ingendlela yokulinganisela lezingozi zezomnotho namathuba. I-LDP igcizelela amakhambi asekelwe emakethe, ubudlelwano bomphakathi, kanye noshintsho oluthatha kancane kancane olunciphisa ukuphazamiseka. ICDP ne JCP isekela indima kahulumeni ekhuthele, kuhlanganise nokutshala imali yomphakathi, isimiso sezezimboni, kanye namanetha okuphepha ezenhlalo ezisebenzi ezithintekile. Yuriko Koike, uMbusi waseTokyo, uye wazibeka njengomholi oluhlaza emkhathini, wakhuthaza inzuzo yenetha-zeroyithi nemali evusekuhla inzuzo.

Izinselele Nezithiyo

Naphezu kwentuthuko, iJapane ibhekana nezithiyo ezinkulu ekusebenziseni izinhlelo zayo zendawo ezungezile.

Izinkinga Zokushintsha Amandla

Ushintsho lwamandla lwaseJapane luthiywa yimingcele yendawo (indawo elinganiselwe yelanga nomoya), ukulinganiselwa kwezakhiwo ze-grane, kanye nezithiyo zokulawula. Izwe alinakuxhumana phakathi kwemigqa yalo yendawo, okwenza kube nzima ukulinganisela ukuthunyelwa nokufunwa kwezindawo. Ukuvuselelwa kwamandla kudinga ukutshala okukhulu ekudluliseleni imigqa, ekugcineni, nasebucikweni bezinto zobuchwepheshe obuphambili. Lemali ibiza kakhulu futhi kumelwe ilinganiswe nezinye izinto eziza kuqala.

Ukuncika okuqhubekayo emandleni enuzi kudala ukungezwani phakathi kwezinkinga zokuphepha kanye nemigomo yesimo sezulu. Izakhamuzi eziningi zaseJapane zihlala zimelene namandla enuzi, futhi izimfuneko zokuvuma zendawo zenza kube nzima ukuqala kabusha ama-asterethi. Ukuma kwe-LDP' kwe-pro-atton kuyicala lezombangazwe, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezithintelwe yinhlekelele yase-Fukushima. Amaqembu aphikisayo asebenzisa lokhu kuhlasela, abiza isigaba esisheshayo.

Ukwenezelwa Kwezombangazwe Nokwakha

Isimiso sendawo ezungezile eJapane singaphansi kokuncitshiswa okufanayo kwezombangazwe okuphawula ezinye izimpikiswano. I-LDP kanye nabambisene bayo bathambekele ekuthandeni indlela yokuqapha, yobuchwepheshe, kuyilapho amaqembu aphikisayo efuna izisulu ezinamandla kakhulu nokungenela okunomthetho. Lokhu kukwenza kube nzima ukufinyelela isimiso esithatha isikhathi eside sokuvumelana okudingekayo ukuze kube nendawo ezungezile yokutshala imali eqinile.

Nokho, kunezindawo futhi zesivumelwano esiphambanayo. Izigaba eziningi zisekela umgomo we-2050 wokungathathi hlangothi, futhi kunemvume ebanzi ngesidingo sokwandisa amandla avuselelekayo nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamandla. Inselele iwukuguqula lezivumelwano ezivamile zibe izinqubo ezithile nezenzo zomthetho. Izombangazwe ze-Coliation kanye nokulawula kwe-LDP kuDiet (Izikhungo) kusho ukuthi lokho iqembu elikuthandayo kuvame ukunqoba, kodwa amaqembu aphikisayo angathonya uhlelo ngengxoxo yomphakathi nangengcindezelo yokhetho.

Ukulinganisela Ukuncintisana Kwezomnotho

Izimiso zendawo ezungezile zaseJapane kumelwe zihlonyiswe ukuze zilondoloze ukuncintisana kwezimboni zazo. Izimiso eziqinile zinganyusa izindleko zamabhizinisi futhi ziholele ekuvuzeni kwecarbon (ukuhamba kokukhiqizwa emazweni anezindinganiso ezibuthakathaka). I-LDP namabhizinisi aphikisa ngendlela ethatha kancane kancane evumela izimboni ukuba zikwazi ukujwayela futhi zifake imali ebucikweni obuluhlaza.

Amaqembu okuphikiswa kanye namaqembu endawo ezungezile aphikisa ukuthi ukuthatha isinyathelo esilibazisayo kuzoba okubiza kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba iJapane isengozini yokuwela emuva emncintiswaneni wembulunga yonke ukuze ithole intuthuko eluhlaza. Bakhomba ekuveleni kwezinqubo zokulungisa ikharbon (CBAM) e-European Union, ezingajezisa izimpahla ezivela emazweni ngezimiso zesimo sezulu ezibuthakathaka. Umnotho waseJapane owenziwe ngokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kumelwe ulindele le ntuthuko futhi ulungise ngokuvumelana nalokho.

Umbono Wesikhathi Esizayo Nemiqondo Eyakhulayo

Uma sibheka phambili, cishe isimo sendawo esizungezile siyohlala siwumncintiswano oyinhloko wezombangazwe zaseJapane.

Okokuqala, ijubane lokusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelwe liyosheshisa, lishoshozelwe ngezindleko eziwayo, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokusekelwa kwezimiso. IJapane kulindeleke ukuba ifake amandla aphawulekayo okuhamba komoya ogudla ulwandle ngawo-2030, angaguqula ukuxubana kwawo namandla futhi anciphise ukuthembela kwawo ezintweni zokubasa ezivundlile namandla enuzi. Ukugcinwa kwamandla e-Grid kuyoba okusamanje kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla kuyoba okubaluleke kakhulu kwezombangazwe.

Okwesibili, ukujwayela isimo sezulu kuzoba nokuvelela. IJapane kakade isibhekana nezenzakalo zesimo sezulu ezimaningi kakhulu (i-typhoon, i-fitwaves, imvula enkulu), ezibangela umonakalo omkhulu ezisekelweni zezakhiwo, ezolimo, kanye nemiphakathi. Amaholide azodinga ukusingatha izinyathelo zokuzivumelanisa nezinhlekelele, kuhlanganise nokulawula kwamanzi akhukhulayo, kanye nokuhlela isimo esiphuthumayo. Lezi zindaba zinemiphumela eqondile yendawo futhi zingakhuthaza umvoti ukuba asekele.

Okwesithathu, isilinganiso somhlaba wonke sizoqhubeka sithonya ezombangazwe zamaJapane. Izingqungquthela zembulunga yonke (imihlangano ye-COP), izingcindezi zezokuxhumana ezivela kwabasizi, nezimiso zezohwebo (njenge-CBAMs) ziyodala izisusa zokuba iJapane iqinise izibopho zayo zendawo ezungezile. Umongameli wezwe ngo-2023 unikeze ipulatifomu ukuba iJapane ibonise intuthuko yayo eluhlaza, futhi izikhulu zesikhathi esizayo ziyoqinisa le nkonzo.

Okwesine, ithonya lezombangazwe lezinhlangano zentsha nezemvelo lingakhula. Njengoba izizukulwane ezisencane ziba nengxenye enkulu kukhetho, ukukhetha kwazo ukuthatha isinyathelo esiqinile esingokwesimo sezulu kuyoklama iziteji zeqembu nemiphumela ehleliwe.

Okokugcina, ukusungulwa kwezobuchwepheshe kuyokwenza izindlela ezintsha nezinselele. Intuthuko ekwakheni i-hydrogen, ukuthunjwa nokugcinwa kwe-carbon, ukufakwa kwe-crouble, nobuchwepheshe bebhetri kungaguqula indawo yamandla eJapane. Ama-paries azokuphikisana ngokuthi angatshala kanjani futhi abuyisele kulolu buchwepheshe, alinganise izinzuzo ezingase zivele nezingozi nezindleko. Izombangazwe zokusungula i-hydrogen ziyoba baluleke njengezombangazwe zomthetho.

Imithombo yangaphandle yabafundi abanesithakazelo ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo eJapane ihlanganisa ukuhlaziywa kwewebhusayithi ye-'Environment's' esemthethweni'. , enikeza amabhukwana ezimiso nemininingwane. i-Cliatentiatetate Actracecter's Tracetader's ikhasi laseJapan[[] inikeza ukuhlaziywa kwesimo sezulu somhlaba ngokwethulo. [[FLT] [FLT] ihlanganisa inters ezinkondhhlwini zebhizinisi nenkambiso yezindaba ezihlobene nezokuguqula inqubo yembulunga yonke.

Ekuphetheni, izimpikiswano zendawo ezungezile ziye zalungisa kabusha izinqumo zeqembu laseJapane ngendlela ejulile. Kodwa kusukela ekuhlanganeni kwe-LDP yokukhula okuluhlaza kuya ekufuneni i-CDP' ukuthatha isinyathelo esinonya, amaqembu ayancintisana ukuze achaze amagama esikhathi esizayo sendawo ezungezile yaseJapane. Izindlela ezingaphambili zigcwele izinselele, kuhlanganise nezinkinga zamandla, ukuguquguquka kwamandla, nokushintsha kwezentengiselwano kwezentengiselwano yezezomnotho. Kodwa ukuqondisa kucacile: isimiso sendawo ezungezile siyohlala sikhona, impikiswano, futhi isici esihambisana nezombangazwe zamaJapanempumende zamazwe angamashumi eminyaka ezayo ezayo. Njengoba ukwanda kwezingcindezi zembulunga nokuzinga okukhuthayo okungcono kakhulu, izigaba eziveza umbono othembekile nowendawo ezungezile ziyo ziyokwakha indawo eyenzeka ngokusheshayo ezweni. [FLD:] Japanean'S P. [FK]