Umklamo Wokubusa Komgwaqo: Ubani Onqumayo?

Izimo zomgwaqo azinciphi noma zithuthuki ngengozi. Zonke izimbobo ezigcwele, yonke imiklamo yakhona ikhuphukile, futhi wonke amabhuloho ahlola imikhondo ebuyela emuva ezinqumweni zikahulumeni eziqala ngokushayana kwemithetho futhi ziphele ngenkampani yezempatho i-’ abasebenzi bezomgwaqo owenziwe ngengozi. Ukuqonda indlela lezi zinqumo ezithathwa ngayo kudinga umfanekiso ocacile wezingqimba zokubusa, izimali, futhi ilondoloze imigwaqo yomphakathi eUnited States cishe amakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingu-4.

Ukwahlulwa komthwalo wemfanelo kungubushiqela kodwa akuhlanzekile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uhulumeni kahulumeni, ngokuyinhloko ngoMnyango Wezokuthutha ne-Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), uhlela izindinganiso zezwe, unikeza izimali ezinkulu ngezinhlelo ze-Infrablic Restuationment ne Jobs Act (IJA), futhi wengamele i-Interstate Highhway System. Kodwa i-FWA ayibekeli i-frowahhood yasekhaya. Umsebenzi lowo wezezombuso wezothutho (DoT) zezwe ne-U.S.Gradies, futhi isebenza emnyango wesifundazwe noma izifunda-mgwaqweqweni zomphakathi (IJA), ububanzi be-onke-onke ama-parts trainsting (intshi). Loluko lwendlela lwendlela lwemoto lwezwe lansuku zonke, futhi i-ose-injini ye-#2) no-#2; izinhlangano zikahulumeni ezintathu; ne-#2; ne-32.

Umehluko obucayi uwukuthi nakuba amazwe elawula ingxenye enkulu yemizila yendlela, athembele kakhulu ezinhlamvwini zikahulumeni nasezimpathisweni ezinikezwayo. Uma iWashington ishintsha izinto eziza kuqala zemali iqonde, ngokwesibonelo, izimoto zikagesi ezihamba ngezimoto noma ukuphepha kwabahamba ngezinyawo, izifunda-mazwe kumelwe zivumelane namapulani azo aneminyaka emihlanu ngokwesizathu. Ngenxa yalokho, isinqumo sikahulumeni sesimiso sokusebenza kwesimo sezulu singanquma ukuthi isifunda sasemaphandleni singakwazi yini ukubuyisela ipulazi eliwohlokayo ukuya emachazini angaphandle. I-metrigingle emoto ehamba ngogesi sidala amathuba okwakha kokubili amathuba okubambisana nokuxabana okungasheshiswa iminyaka eminingi.

Indlela Izinqumo Zohlelo Lokusetshenziswa Kwemali Ezingasitholi Iso Elibi Ngayo Imali

Isakhiwo ngasinye sikahulumeni semigwaqo siqala ngokuhlelwa kwenani lemali, futhi indlela lezo zabelo zembulwa ngayo ukuthi kungani eminye imigwaqo ihamba kahle kuyilapho eminye igcwele imifantu. Kulelozwe, izimali zokuhamba zixhaswe ngentela yamafutha, izindleko zokubhalisa izimoto, nokuthutha kukahulumeni. Nokho, intela kaphethiloli iye yalahlekelwa amandla okuthenga phakathi namashumi amabili eminyaka adlule njengoba izimoto ziye zaphelelwa amandla kaphethiloli futhi ukwehla kokwehla kwamandla emalini ngalinye.

Imiphumela ingenzeka. Ngokwemininingwane evela ku-Melika Road & Transportation Beakers Association, isakhiwo somgwaqo nokwenabela amabhuloho okudingekayo singaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-800 zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi. Uma isishaya-mthetho esingaphansi kokugcina umgwaqo, umphumela wamanje ungangabonakali, kodwa phakathi neminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu, ukuwohloka kobuso kukhulu kakhulu. Umgwaqo obekungagcinwa ngejazintambo zophawulo oludinga ukwakhiwa kabusha i-R30,000 000 000 000 (R1 000 000 000 000 000). Lokhu akukona ukuhluleka kobuchwepheshe kodwa ukuhluleka kwe-fiscal: izinqumo zikahulumeni mayelana nezindawo zemali ezihlelwa ngemigqano-mali yaminyaka yonke, ukuwohloka kobubanzi obungazelele ngebanga eliphakathi kwebanga lokuhamba emgwaqweni.

Ohulumeni bendawo babhekene ngisho nezithiyo eziqinile ngoba ngokuvamile bathembela ezinkokhisweni zempahla nasezinkokhelweni zezimali ezincintisana nezikole, ukuphepha komphakathi, namapaki. Umkhandlu wedolobha okhetha ukukhokha izintela zempahla ungase ukhethe ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuvumela imigwaqo yasekhaya ikhukhuleke. Lena akuyona intengo engabonakali; iyiqiniso lansuku zonke labaqondisi bemisebenzi yomphakathi okumelwe bathethelele ikhilomitha ngalinye lokumelana nezinye izidingo eziyinani elikhulu.

Izici Eziza Kuqala: Isizathu Sokuba Eminye Imigwaqo Ilungiswe Ngaphambi Kwabanye

Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi akukho mandla anele okusekela imali yokulungisa indlela ngayinye ngesikhathi esisodwa, ohulumeni kumelwe babeke imingcele phambili. Izimiso ezisetshenziselwa ukubeka imisebenzi ehlelwayo zinemiphumela ejulile ebangela ukuba imigwaqo ithuthuke, ihlale ifana, futhi ithoba ngokwengeziwe. Abenzi bemishini basebenzisa izimpawu zesimo sendawo (PCI), umthamo wezimoto, ukuphakama kwemininingwane yokuphepha (ubuningi nobuqatha), kanye nezimiso zokulawula izakhiwo ukuze babhale zonke izingxenye zomgwaqo. Nokho, ukwaziswa kobuchwepheshe kumane nje kuyisiciso esisodwa; ukucabangela kwezombangazwe kanye nokucindezela komphakathi ngokuvamile kuphakamisa indawo enkulu.

Izici eziningana eziyinhloko zibusa izinqumo zokunquma kusengaphambili:

  • umthamo weTraffic kanye nokuhlelwa kwemisebenzi: ama-arterial amakhulu athwala izimoto ezingu-50 000 ngosuku cishe njalo athola indawo yokuqala kune-astrial yasemaphandleni enezimoto ezingu-500 ngosuku. Lokhu kwenza kube nomqondo ongokwezomnotho kodwa kungashiya imiphakathi yasemaphandleni ingaphansi kokugcinwa.
  • Imigwaqo eyingozi enezilinganiso eziphezulu zengozi, ikakhulukazi ezibulalayo noma ezingathi sína, ivame ukusheshiswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe izimpawu zokushaya umthetho, imingcele yemida, noma ihlombe elikhuphukayo. Izimali ze-Federal Highway Safety Reconfiction Program (HSIP) zihlangene kakhulu nalendinganiso.
  • Intuthuko yezomnotho ingenzeka: izifunda zihlela njalo ukutshala izimali emgwaqweni ngamapaki ezimboni, izikhungo zezindawo zokuhweba, noma amaphasishi amakhulu okukhanga ibhizinisi. Lokhu kungabuyisela imali kude nezindawo zokuhlala.
  • Ufako oluqinile nokucindezela kwezombangazwe: imihlangano yehholo ledolobha, ukukhononda, nokunxusa kwamaqembu ebhizinisi kungaphakamisa umgwaqo ohlwini oluphambili ngisho noma iqophelo lawo lezobuchwepheshe lilinganiselwe.
  • [ Ukucabangela okungaguquguquki:[ ngokukhulayo, isifundazwe nohulumeni bendawo basebenzisa ubulungisa bendawo ezungezile kanye nokudweba okulinganayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imiphakathi egciniwe ngokwezesayensi ithola ingxenye yayo egcwele yokutshala imali.

Inqubo yokumisa i-predifinition ingu-impemo lapho izinqumo zikahulumeni ezingaqondakali ziba sobala. I-DOT yezwe ekhetha ukwehlisa amaphesenti angu-70 emali esetshenziswayo esetshenziswa phakathi kwezifunda zomhlaba yenza isinqumo esicacile ngesimo semigwaqo e-ocester. Ayikho impendulo elungile, kodwa ukubonakala kwalezi zinqumo kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze umphakathi wethembeke.

I - Funding Puzzle: Imithombo Yemali Yase - United States, Izwe, Nemifula Yemali Yendawo

Ukuqonda izimo zomgwaqo kudinga ukuqonda indlela imigwaqo ekhokhelwa ngayo, ngoba ukusekela imali kudala izisusa ezinamandla nezithiyo. Uhulumeni uveza ukusekela kwawo okungaphandle kwempahla evela eHighway Trust Fund (HTF), eyondliwa ngokuyinhloko ngentela kagesi kazwelonke engu-18,4-perglon (24,4% yemali ka diesel). Lelonani lokuthenga akukakhuliswa kusukela ngo 1993, kusho ukuthi amandla ayo angempela okuthenga aye ehla ngamaphesenti angu-40 ngenxa yokwehla kwamandla. Ngayo yonke iminyaka embalwa, i-Hulumeni kumelwe ithatheze i-HTF ngenkokhelo yemali ukuze igweme ukuncibilika.

Izwe libhekene nenkinga efanayo. Okwamanje, izifunda ezingu-30 aziyinyusanga intela yazo yegesi eminyakeni engaphezu kweyishumi. Izifundazwe ezimbalwa, njenge-Oregon ne-Utah, ziye zaqala ukuqondisa izinhlelo zokukhokha umgwaqo ezikhokhela, lapho abashayeli behamba khona ikhilomitha ngalinye kunelitha ngalinye, kodwa le zinhlelo zisencane ngokwesilinganiso. Ezingeni lendawo, amadolobha kanye namapulani ngokuvamile zincike ezintela zokuthengisa, izinyathelo ezigunyaza izivumelwano ezigunyazwe abavoti, noma izindleko zentuthuko entsha yokukhokha imigwaqo. Lemibhosholo idlana ebhixayo idla idla idla ibhidi ebhishini futhi ayifanele ukuhlelwa kwebhiyo.

Ukuhlukana kwemithombo yezimali kusho ukuthi umsebenzi owodwa womgwaqo ungathola emabhodweni ahlukene amahlanu emali, ngalinye linemithetho yalo, izimfuneko ezizinzile, nezibopho zokubika. Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kwandisa izindleko zokuphatha nokubambezela ukunikezelwa komsebenzi. Ngokwe i-Bureaualtisticstions[, isilinganiso sesikhathi esisukela ekutholeni ukuhlukanisa ukuqhubekela phambili kokwakhiwa kweprojekiti yomgwaqo esekelwe ezweni yiminyaka engu-8 kuya kwengu-12. Phakathi naleyo nkathi yokunikezelwa komgwaqo, i-̱ izimo zemoto zingawohloka kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi zidinga intengo yeprojekthi yemali ekhulisiwe ngezindleko eziphezulu.

Ukuthambekela okukhulayo okungase kushintshe lendawo ukushintshela ekusebenziseni inzuzo yomphakathi nasekusebenziseni inzuzo yomphakathi (o-P3). Uma uhulumeni entula inhloko- dolobha, kungavumela umgwaqo ukuba uye enkampanini ezimele eyakhelwe imali eshintshaniswe nemali ekhokhelwayo edlula inkathi engamashumi amathathu kuya ku-50 leminyaka. La malungiselelo angasheshisa ukunikezelwa kweprojekthi, kodwa futhi adala izisusa zenzuzo kanye nobunzima obuthatha isikhathi eside obungathinta izinga lokunakekela nokubiza komsebenzisi.

Ukuhlola Icala Ngesinqumo Sikahulumeni

Izibonelo ezicacile zibonisa indlela izinqumo zikahulumeni eziveza ngayo imiphumela yangempela kubashayeli. Lokhu kuhlola kuqokomisa kokubili impumelelo nokwehluleka okunikeza izifundo kubenzi bezimiso kanye nezakhamuzi ngokufanayo.

I-35W eMinneapolis: Ukusuka enhlekeleleni kuya ekuvuselelweni

Lapho ibhuloho loMfula i-I-35W Mississippi liwa ngo- 2007, libulala abantu abangu-13, inhlekelele yadalula ukuhluleka kwezimiso zokuhlola nokusekela imali. Ekuphenduleni, iMinnesota Legislature yakha umsele wezimali onikezelwe ekuhloleni amabhuloho nokulungisa ibhuloho, futhi i-DOT yasungula isimiso sokuphatha esisekelwe engozini esaba isibonelo sesizwe. Isinqumo sokuhlela izakhiwo ezingokwesilinganiso sempilo yemisebenzi yokwandisa izakhiwo saholela ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo ezimweni zamabhuloholweni ezibhekene. Ngo-2023, iMinnesota ebekwe phakathi kwezifunda eziphezulu zezindawo eziyishumi zebhuloholoho, ngamaphesenti amabili aso elihlolwayo alinganayo, ngokulingana nesilinganiso sesilinganiso sesizwe sesilinganiso sesilinganiso sesilinganiso se-6.5.

IColorado ’ Isimiso SeFASTER: Ukusekela Ngezinsiba

Ngo-2009, i-Colorado General Assembly yanikeza umthetho we-Fourface Treaty and Economic Recovery (FASTER). Umthetho wandisa izindleko zezimoto futhi wanikezela imali esele kuphela ekunakekeleni nasekuvikeleni izinhlelo. Ngokusho okukhulu, umthetho wafuna ukuba amaphesenti angu-60 emali achithelwe emigwaqweni kakade esimisweni sombuso, ivimbela ukuphazamisa ukwakhiwa okusha. Phakathi neshumi leminyaka, isilinganiso semigwaqo yaseColorado ehla ngamaphesenti angu - 23 kuya kumaphesenti angu-15 esimweni esiphansi. Isinqumo sokubopha izindleko zokusebenzisa imigwaqo ngokuqondile inzuzo yokusebenzisa inzuzo ethembekile eyayisetshenziswa ekulondolozeni imali ezimpini zaminyaka yonke.

IMichigan’ Ukuvinjelwa Okungaqinile

Michigan inikeza isixwayiso. Eminyakeni eminingi, isishaya-mthetho sikahulumeni senqaba ukunyusa izintela zikaphethiloli noma ukuthola ezinye izimali, okuholela ekuncipheni kwezindleko zomgwaqo. Kusukela ngo-2010 kuya ku-2019, uvotantiyu walahla izinyathelo eziningi zokudayisa intela ye-odollat ezazizokwenyusa intela yemigwaqo. Ngenxa yalokho, isilinganiso semigwaqo kahulumeni ephansi esiphansi singaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-35 ngo-2021, ukubiza umshayeli ngokwesilinganiso ngaphezu kuka-R360 ngonyaka emonakalweni wemoto nakusetshenziswa kakhulu kwamafutha. Ngo-20222, uMbusi u-Gretchen Whiff wasayina inzuzo eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4, ngokwengxenye ngentela entsha yenkampani, kodwa iminyaka ehlonipheyo kulindeleke ukuba athole imali engcono kakhulu. Lokhu kubonisa indlela u-Gretchen Whin procesting asebenza ngayo ngokukhokhelwa inzuzo yezemigwada.

Ukushintsha Kokwaziswa Ekuqondiseni Umgwaqo

Izinqumo zikahulumeni zitshelwa kakhulu ngokwaziswa, futhi izinga laleyo mininingwane lithinta ngokuqondile imiphumela. Ama-DOT amaningi ezwe manje asebenzisa izimiso eziyinkimbinkimbi zokulawula umgwaqo (PMS) ezisebenzisa izikhombi ze-laser, i-laser engenayo, ne-rada efakwa phansi, kanye nokuhlolwa kokusebenza komkhondo wemizila ukuze kuhlolwe yonke emizileni eguquguqukayo. Lezi zimiso zibangela isimo sokungalawuleki, ukuxegitheka, ukushwinwa, nokuqina kwezakhiwo, okwenza onjiniyela bakwazi ukunikezela izimali ezisekelwe ezindinganisweni ezisekelwe eziqondiswe eziqondisweni eziqondile kunokukhala nge-acdotal.

Ukushintshela ekwenzeni izinqumo ze-data kusheshiswe izimfuneko zikahulumeni. Ukuqhubekela Phambili kweNkcubeko yeNkcubeko yekhulu le-21st Act (MAP-21) kanye nokulandela ukuthunyelwa kwezokuhamba okungaphezulu okugunyaziwe okuthiwe kwaveza amasu asekelwe ekuqondiseni izinto eziwusizo ezisemngciphekweni. Ngaphansi kwe-23 S.C. 76, izifunda-mazwe kumelwe zibeke izisulu zokusebenza ngenxa yesimo somgwaqo we-National Highway System futhi zibike intuthuko kuFHWA. Lokhu kuye kwaveza ukulandisa lapho kwakungekho khona ngaphambili.

Kodwa ukwaziswa kungcono uma izinqumo okusekelayo. Ugibe oluvamile luthi nge-software ye-PMS ephelelwe isikhathi noma imijikelezo yokuhlola evamile yenza izinqumo ezisekelwe ekwazisweni okuyiphutha, ngezinye izikhathi ukuqondisa izimali emigwaqweni eseye yawohloka kakade ngaphezu kwesilinganiso sentengo yokulondolozwa kwezindleko. Ngokuphambene, lusho ukuthi ukuqoqwa kokwaziswa okuphezulu kungavimbela ukugcinwa ezingeni elifanele, ukunwetshwa komgwaqwe ngama-40 kuya ku 60% ngenani lezindleko zokuvuselela kabusha.

Ubuchwepheshe obuxubile obunjengobuhlakani obungeniswayo kanye nokubona kwekhompuyutha buqala ukuthasiselwa ngezindlela zakudala. Izigodi eziningi manje zisebenzisa ukwaziswa okusekelwe kucingo olusuka kuma-apps anjenge-Waze ne-Google Mabalase ukuveza imigodi namagquma aluhlaza ngesikhathi sangempela. Nakuba le mithombo intula ukunemba kobunjiniyela, zinikeza indlela ephansi kakhulu yokunezela ulwazi olusemthethweni futhi zisabela ngokushesha kakhulu engxoxweni evelayo.

Umbono Oqhathaniswayo: Indlela Ezinye Izizwe Ezilawula Ngayo Imfanelo Yomgwaqo

Ukubheka ngalé kwemingcele yase-U.S. kwembula ukuthi izinqumo zikahulumeni mayelana nomgwaqo olawulwayo zingaveza imiphumela ehlukene kakhulu. Amazwe aye ahlukanisa ukulawulwa kwezesisekelo emijikelezweni yezombangazwe avame ukufinyelela izimo ezingaguquguquki. Ngokwesibonelo, i-New Zealand yamisa i-New Zealand Transport Agency (NZTA) njengomqhele onegunya lokugcina umnyango wezwe wezomgwaqo omkhulu. Ukuxhasa imali kuthathwa emalini yezimali yezokuthutha enikezelwe ezweni ethengwa yintela yezentengo zomsekozo wezempatho, kanti i-NZTA isebenza emabhukwini okutshala i-mgangemuva kweminyango yonyaka. Ngenxa yalokho, i-New Zealand i-Provieting i-emodul ye-economic Forum#817; ngokwe-Worldernal Invidentivery Report.

Ngokuphambene, i-Italy’ isisekelo somgwaqo sinciphiswe ukubusa okuhlukene nokungaguquguquki. Nakuba i-autostrade religister efakwe kahle, imigwaqo yesibini neyendawo elawulwa ohulumeni bendawo ngokuvamile ayinakho ukuxhaswa okungaguquguquki kwemali, okuholela ekuhlukahlukani okukhulu kwesimo. Umshayeli angawela umngcele wesifunda futhi ngokushesha abone umehluko phakathi kwezinga lomgwaqo, umphumela oqondile wokwenziwa kwesinqumo esihloniphekile ngaphandle kwezimiso ezifanele.

ISingapore inikeza i-floging yesithathu, isebenzisa imishini ye-electronic elawula izindleko zezimoto, enciphisa ukuncipha nokukhiqizwa kwemali kuyilapho ikhiqiza inzuzo yokuyinakekela. Uhulumeni i-̱ iLand Transportuthority ikhipha imibiko yesimo esisobala futhi igcine izisulu zokugcina amaphesenti angu-90 emigwaqo esesimweni esingcono. Lendlela esetshenziswayo, ihlangene nemali eqinile, iye yagcina i-Singapore ̱ imigwaqo phakathi kwemikhulu emhlabeni naphezu kokuphakama kwezimoto.

Lezi zibonelo zomhlaba wonke zisikisela ukuthi izimbangela eziyinhloko akuzona ingcebo ngokwesilinganiso, kodwa ukuzinza kokubusa, ukugcinwa kwemali enikezelwe, nokubonakala kokwaziswa. E - U.S. ziphawula ukuthi ukwamukela imikhuba efanayo, njengezimali zokunakekela ezinikezelwe kanye nokuhlela iminyaka eminingi, kuvame ukudlula leyo encike ekutholeni izikhwama zemali zaminyaka yonke.

Izinselele Eziza Kudlula Ngisho Nezinhlelo Ezingcono Kakhulu

Ngisho nalapho kulawulwa imishini yomsindo nokuxhaswa kwemali eyanele, izinqumo zikahulumeni zibhekene nezinselele ezingase zilungise izimo zomgwaqo. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuyizici ezivelele. Imijikelezo eminingi yeqhwa, ukushisa okukhulu, nezenzakalo zemvula ezinkulu zisheshisa ukuwohloka komgwaqo ngokushesha kunemifanekiso engokomlando eyabikezelwa. Umgwaqo oklanyelwe ukuphila kwenkonzo yeminyaka engu-20 manje ungase udinge ukuvuselelwa okukhulu ngemva kweminyaka engu-12 kuya kwengu-15 ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu sishintsha ngokushesha.

Ukuswelakala kwamandla omsebenzi nakho kuletha isithiyo esikhulu. Izwe libika ukuthi kunzima ukuqasha nokugcina onjiniyela bezakhamuzi, abaphathi bemisebenzi, nabantu abangochwepheshe bezohwebo. INhlangano ye-America ye-State Highway ne-ASHTO ilinganisela ukuthi amaphesenti angu-45 abasebenzi bezokuthutha ayoba alungele ukuthatha umhlalaphansi phakathi neshumi leminyaka elizayo. Uma izinhlangano zingenayo imisebenzi yezisebenzi, ngisho nentuthuko exhaswayo iyantengantengantengantengiso iyantengantenga, futhi izimiso zokulungisa ziyashelela.

Ukungaguquguquki kwezombangazwe kunoma yiliphi izinga likahulumeni kubangela ukungaqiniseki okululaza ukuhlela isikhathi eside. Umbusi omusha noma umphathi-meya angaqondisa izimali emikhakheni yokusayinwa, asuse ukulungiswa kwesimiso sokusebenza. Isishaya-mthetho sombuso esishintsha indlela yosizo lwezokuthutha kohulumeni bendawo singashiya izilinganiso zizama ukulungisa izinhlelo zazo eziyinhloko phakathi nenkaba. Lokhu kushaqisa kwezombangazwe kudala izimo ezibonakala ekugcineni zisesimweni somgwaqo.

Ukuqapha komphakathi, noma ukuntuleka kwawo, kuhlanganisa lezinselele. Abashayeli abaningi abaxhumanisi ukuwohloka komgwaqo nezinqumo zenqubo ezenziwa eminyakeni edlule. Ukuqasha izigebengu kuvame ukudlula ngemva kokuba izimo zibonakele zimpofu, okusho ukuthi izindleko zokubuyisela seziziphindaphindeke kakade. Ohulumeni abafaka imali emfundweni yomphakathi mayelana nokuphatha impahla kanye nezidingo zezimali banezimo ezingcono zokwakha ukusekela izinhlelo ezilondolozwayo.

Abahlali Bezwe: Indlela Yokulawula Umgwaqo Onethonya

Ukuqonda lapho kwenziwa khona izinqumo nendlela yokuzisingatha ngokuphumelelayo kungathuthukisa intuthuko engokoqobo endleleni yendawo nasemasimini.

Izincwadi ezinezicwangciso zekomkhulu lokuthuthukisa (CIPS). Amadolobha amaningi namabala akhipha iCIP eneminyaka emihlanu ehlelayo, uhlelo lwawo, kanye nohlelo lwawo lwesikhathi. Le mibhalo iwumbhalo womphakathi futhi ivame ukuxoxwa engqungqungqutheleni yedolobha noma yesifunda. Izakhamuzi ezibukeza iCIP futhi zikhulume phakathi nezikhathi zokukhulumela komphakathi zingasekela imigwaqo ethile elahlekileyo noma eshicishini ekhona ekwakhenini okusha.

isigaba ezinqubweni zokuhlela ezokuthutha zikahulumeni. Zonke izimo DOT ziveza uhlelo lwe-State Moducation Reformation Program (STIP) ehlela yonke imisebenzi exhaswe nguhulumeni. Inkathi yokukhulumela umphakathi yokuhlaziya ithuba elingokomthetho lokuthonya lokho okungase kukhiqizwe phambili. Ngisho noma impendulo ngayinye ibonakala incane, ihlelwe ingashintsha izinto eziza kuqala.

Izenqubo zokuxhasa imali ezinikezelwe. Uma kuvela izinyathelo ze-bolot ezizonyusa intela yegesi, intela yokuthengisela ukuthutha, noma intela yemoto yokubhalisa ukunakekelwa komgwaqo, lezi izinqumo ezilandelayo. Izakhamuzi eziqonda ukuhlobana kwemali kanye nesimo somgwaqo zingaba izisekeli eziphumelelayo ekusekeleni imali egciniwe.

Sebenzisa amathuluzi okubika amanani ngokuphumelelayo. Izifunda-mazwe eziningi namadolobha anamachweba noma ama-apps ku-inthanethi noma kuma-mfono-mfono-mfono-mfono-mqoka okubika imigodi nezingozi zomgwaqo. Nakuba umbiko ngamunye uyindawo yokwaziswa, ukubika okuphikelelayo kwabasebenzisi abaningi emgwaqweni ofanayo kwenza indlela izinhlangano ezingayisebenzisa ukuze zithethelele ukuhambisa lowomgwaqo ohhanjwa kuqala.

Iqoqo nezinhlangano zezempatho. Amaqembu anjengeNhlangano ye-American Bicyclists, i-American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), kanye nemibutho yezokuhamba eqondene nombuso inikeza ukucwaninga, izikhawu zezimiso, kanye nekhono lezakhamuzi ngazinye elingenayo. Ukuhlanganyela lemizamo kwenza izwi ngalinye libe nethonya elihlangene.

Indlela Engaphambili: Ukuthambekela Kwezimo Zesikhathi Esizayo Kuzishintsha

Izimo eziningana zizonquma ukuthi izimo zomgwaqo ziyathuthuka noma zinciphe phakathi namashumi amabili eminyaka azayo. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukushintshela ezimotweni zikagesi (EV). Ama-EV asinda kakhulu kunezimoto ezihamba ngaphakathi ngesilinganiso samashumi amabili kuya ku-30 esilinganiso, ezikhuphula indawo ebanzi. Abacwaningi eYunivesithi yaseWashington baye balinganisela ukuthi ukutholwa kwezingane zezingane zezingane zezingane ze - EV kungandisa izindleko zomgwaqo ngamaphesenti angu-15 kuya kwamashumi amabili ngaphandle kokuba imiklamo yemigwaqo nempahla kushintshwe. Izinqumo zikahulumeni ngokuphathelene nezindinganiso zokubekezelela amafutha, izilinganiso zamatshe, futhi i - EV - EV ziveza imiphumela yesikhathi esizayo.

Izimoto ezizimele nezixhunyiwe zithembisa ukuthinta ukuphathwa kwemigwaqo ngezinye izindlela. Uma imikhumbi yemoto ehamba ngemoto iholela ekusetshenzisweni kwemizila efanayo futhi inciphe, ukugqoka emgwaqweni kungasakaza ngokulinganayo, kunwebe ukuphila. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma amaloli azimele esebenza ngamapulazi agcwele, ukulayisha okukhulu kungasheshisa. Ohulumeni kumelwe banqume ukuthi ukutshala izakhiwo eziseceleni komgwaqo ukuze basekele le mishini, baphambukise imali entweni esetshenziswayo ekulondolozweni okuvamile.

Imisebenzi emisha inikeza ithemba lokunwetshwa kwezimali. Izixube ezinkulu ze-asphalt ezihlanganisa injoloba emathayini aphinde avuselelwe, ipulasitiki ephinda-phindwayo, noma izibophi ezifakelwe i-octal zihlolwa ezifundeni eziningi. Ubuchwepheshe be-mix asphalt buvumela ukuba kubekwe imizila yezindawo ephansi kakhulu, inciphise igesi ekhishwayo futhi yandise inkathi yokwakha. Izinga lokusetshenziswa kwalezi zinto kuxhomeke ekuchazeni i-procenux nokuzimisela ukwamukela izindleko zangaphakathi eziphezulu kakhulu ezithatha isikhathi eside.

Isimiso somphakathi sisazohlala sinamandla. I-IIJA inikeza imigwaqo eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-10 zamabhuloho namabhuloho eminyakeni emihlanu, ukutshala okukhulu kakhulu kukahulumeni emashumini eminyaka. Nokho, leyo mali ingeyesikhashana. Ukubuyiselwa kwemali yokuthutha yangaphandle, okulindeleke ngo-2026, kuzoba yindawo enzima kakhulu ekuhlelekeni. Uma uMkhandlu ukhetha ukulondoloza noma ukwandisa amazinga emali nokuhlanganisa amandla okunakekela izisulu, izimo zesikhashana zomgwaqo ziyothuthuka. Uma izimali zinqanyulwa noma zivunyelwa ukuba zisetshenziswe nge-parnate, i-partlog izokhula.

Ekugcineni, ukugcizelelwa okukhulayo indlela iyakushintsha indlela ohulumeni abaklama ngayo umgwaqo futhi bawunakekele. Imigwaqo ekhutshaniswa ngokuphindaphindiwe izikhukhula noma imlilo ingasuswa, iphakame, noma ikhushulwe kunokuba ilungiswe ngokuphindaphindiwe. Lendlela yokuthola izingozi ingaholela engozini encane, kodwa engcono futhi ethembeke kakhulu, enenethiwekhi.

Isiphetho

Izimo zomgwaqo akuyona inqubo engokwemvelo. Ziwumphumela owengeziwe wezinqumo zikahulumeni mayelana nokuxhasa imali, ukuhlela, nokubulala okwenziwa kuhulumeni, umbuso, nasemazingeni endawo eminyakeni eminingi namashumi eminyaka. Ngazo zonke izitebhisi zomgwaqo omkhulu nanoma yimiphi imigwaqo edebeselweyo ziqukethe izinqumo ezilandelanayo ezizosetshenziswa ngezimali, umthetho, namalungiselelo ayinhloko. Kubantu, ukuqonda lolu chungechunge lokusebenzisa imali kuyisinyathelo lokuqala lokuphumelela ekuhleleni i-ayisensi. Kubaphathi bezimiso, bayaqaphela ukuthi ukunakekelwa akuyona izindleko ezifanelekile kodwa isibopho semiphumela ehambisana nezokulawula. Isimo semigwaqo esihamba kuyo namuhla siyanqunywa, emihlanganweni yomphakathi, emagumbini okuhlela, nasezinhlanganweni, nasezinhlanganweni zokuhlela. Uhlelo lokuhlola ukuthi sinikeza yini ukunaka. Isinqumo sezehlakalo kuhlolwa izimali ezimali ezibonelweni zokuhamba nokuthutha i-FF: [F1], umqulu seH.[FG.] Imithombo yoMnyango wamanje yoMnyango wamuva ka-G.[F.[F]