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Ukuqonda Indima Yombusi Ekuphepheni Komphakathi Nempilo

Ohulumeni bakhonza njengabaphathi abakhulu bezifundazwe zabo, bephethe igunya elibalulekile nomthwalo wemfanelo uma kuziwa ekuvikeleni impilo nokulondeka kwezigidi zezakhamuzi. Ohulumeni banendima ebalulekile ekusingatheni izidingo zempilo zomphakathi kuzo zonke izindawo. Ukuma kwabo egunyeni likahulumeni kubenza bakwazi ukuhlanganisa izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi eziphuthumayo, ukuthuthukisa isimiso somphakathi sempilo, ukunikeza imithombo ebucayi, futhi baqinisekise ukuthi imiphakathi iyakwazi ukufinyelela izinkonzo ezidingekayo ukuze iphumelele.

Njengabaphathi bezwe, oMbusi banomthwalo wemfanelo wokusebenzisa imithetho kahulumeni futhi baqondise ukusebenza kwegatsha eliphethe isifundazwe. Lomyalo obanzi uhlanganisa yonke into kusukela ekuqondiseni iminyango yezempilo kahulumeni kuya ekuhlanganiseni nezikhulu zendawo phakathi nezinhlekelele. Njengabaholi bakahulumeni, abaholi bamazwe baqhubekela phambili futhi baphishekele izimiso ezintsha nezinhlelo ezibukeziwe, phakathi kwabo besebenzisa iziyalezo zezikhulu, iziyalezo zezikhulu, izimali zezikhulu, nezinhlelo zomthetho kanye nezinqumo. Ngalezi zinqubo, ababusi bangathonya ngokuqondile impilo kanye nokuphepha kwezindawo zezifunda zabo, benze izinqumo ezithinta yonke into ekuvimbeleni izifo eziphuthumayo eziphuthumayo.

Ubukhulu bamandla e-gubernera buhluka kakhulu ngokwezwe ngalinye, bubunjwe ngamalungiselelo omthetho-sisekelo, izimiso zomthetho, nesibonelo esingokomlando. Nokho, kuzo zonke izifundazwe, ababusi balondoloza imithwalo yemfanelo eyisisekelo ehlobene nempilo yomphakathi nokuphepha okwenza ibe yeyona ebaluleke kakhulu enhlalakahleni yomphakathi. Ukuqonda indlela ababusi abafeza ngayo lemisebenzi kunikeza ukuqonda ngemishini eyinkimbinkimbi kahulumeni wezwe nangezindlela abaholi abasezingeni eliphezulu abaguqulela kuzo izinzuzo ezingokoqobo ezakhamuzini zansuku zonke.

Igunya lombusi phezu kwezimiso zempilo yomphakathi

Iminyango yezempilo yoMbuso yakha umgogodla wezimiso zezempilo zomphakathi kulo lonke elase-United States, futhi ababusi banendima ebalulekile enhlanganweni yabo nokusebenza. Izinhlangano zezempilo zikahulumeni zihlelwe ngenye yezindlela ezimbili: njengenhlangano ezimele enomthwalo wemfanelo ngqo kumbusi noma eMkhandlwini wempilo noma njengengxenye yenhlangano engcono kakhulu. Lenhlangano ibeka ababusi esikhundleni sokuqondisa ngokuqondile futhi bathonye izinhlangano ezisebenza ngokuvikela impilo yomphakathi.

Ukumisa Izikhulu Eziyinhloko Zempilo

Enye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu ababusi bempilo yomphakathi isebenza ngemibuso yabo emisayo. Ohulumeni basalokhu behileleke ekukhetheni kokubili amalungu amabhodi ne-SHOs, benciphisa inani lamazinga abusayo phakathi kwe-SHOs kanye nabenzi bezinqumo eziyinhloko. I- State Health Agnity (SHO) isebenza njengomqondisi wenhlangano yezempilo kazwelonke futhi inomthwalo wemfanelo emikhankasweni yezempilo yezinsuku zonke kanye nentuthuko yemithetho. Ukubeka umthetho (87.2%) nokugcina izikhulu ezikhethiwe zifundiswe ngezindaba zempilo zikahulumeni (97.9%) zingezinye izenzakalo eziyinhloko ezenziwa yi-SHOs.

Ngokukhetha abantu abafanelekayo ukuba bahole iminyango yezempilo kahulumeni, ababusi bangaqinisekisa ukuthi izinto eziza kuqala empilweni yomphakathi zihambisana nezinhloso ezinkulu zikahulumeni. Lokhu kumiswa kunemiphumela emide yesikhathi eside, njengoba izikhulu zezempilo zenza izinqumo ezigxekayo mayelana nokuhlola izifo, izinhlelo zezempilo, isivikelo sezempilo, kanye nokuhlelwa kwemithombo yezezimali elinganiselwe. Ubuhlobo phakathi kombusi nesikhulu sezempilo singaba nethonya eliphawulekayo ekusabeleni ngokuphumelelayo kuzo zombili izinselele zempilo zomphakathi nezinhlekelele ezingavamile.

Ukulawula Uhlelo Lokusetshenziswa Kwemali Nemithombo Yengcebo

Abalawuli banethonya elikhulu empilweni yomphakathi ngokulawula kwabo indlela yokuhlela imali kahulumeni. Imithetho ivumela ukuhlelwa kwezimali zezempilo yomphakathi, ukumiswa kwemithetho yezompilo yomphakathi, ukumiswa kwezimali zezempilo, nokumisa intela ekusekeleni impilo yomphakathi. Nokho, ababusi bahlongoza uhlelo lokuqala futhi bangasebenzisa amandla abo okuhlela izilinganiso zokugcina. Leligunya lohlelo lokuhlela izinto livumela ababusi ukuba bahlele izinhlelo ezithile zempilo, bandise noma bagunyaze izinhlelo zesivumelwano, futhi bafake imali emalini emalini emayelana nokusongela impilo okusanda kuqala.

Ukuphathwa kwezenzuzo kumelela umsebenzi oyisisekelo wokuqondisa iminyango yezempilo kahulumeni. Imithombo yezezimali: Qinisekisa ukutholakala kwemithombo eyanele (yomthetho, yezimali, yezobuchwepheshe, neyezinto zobuchwepheshe) ukuze kwenziwe izinkonzo ezibalulekile zempilo yomphakathi. Ohulumeni kumelwe balinganisele imfuno enciphisanayo yemithombo kahulumeni elinganiselweyo kuyilapho beqinisekisa ukuthi izakhiwo zezempilo zomphakathi zihlala zinamandla ngokwanele ukuvikela imiphakathi. Lokhu kuvame ukuhlanganisa izinqumo ezinzima mayelana nokubikelwa kwezimali ezizokusiza ekuvimbeleni, izinhlelo zokwelapha, intuthuko yezemisebenzi, nentuthuko yemisebenzi.

Ababusi bezinqumo zezimali benza amagagasi kuyo yonke inqubo yezempilo yomphakathi, athinta izibhedlela, imitholampilo, izinhlelo zokugoma, izinhlelo zokuhlola izifo, kanye namakhono okusiza aphuthumayo. Izimali ezanele zisiza iminyango yezempilo ukuba ilondoloze izinkonzo ezidingekile, ithathe isinyathelo ekusunguleni, ihlole, futhi isebenzise ukungenela okusekelwe empilweni ethuthukisa imiphumela yempilo yabantu.

Ukuqondisa Inhlekelele Nokusabela

Mhlawumbe awukho umthwalo wemfanelo owenziwe nge-gubernera othwala imiphumela esheshayo yokuphila noma yokufa kunendlela yokulawula isimo esiphuthumayo. Njengoba izikhulu ezinkulu, ohulumeni banomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqinisekisa isifundazwe sabo nezinhlekelele zazo zonke izinhlobo. Lomthwalo wemfanelo uhlanganisa ukulungiselela, ukusabela, ukululama, nokulinganisela phakathi kwezisongelo eziningi ezingase zivele.

Ukumemezela Amazwe Aphuthumayo

Nakuba amaqhinga omthetho ehlukahluka, zonke izifundazwe zinika uMbusi igunya lokumemezela uhlobo olulodwa noma ngaphezulu lwesimo esiphuthumayo, kuhlanganise nenhlekelele noma isimo esiphuthumayo sempilo yomphakathi. Lezi zimemezelo zisebenza ngaphezu kokubonakaliswa kophawu olungokomfanekiso − zishukumisa isimiso esibanzi samandla esiphuthumayo nemithombo yemali okwenza ukuba ukusabela okusheshayo, okuhlangene ezinkingeni.

Isimemezelo sesimo esiphuthumayo sikambusi ngokuvamile siyisinyathelo sokuqala ekusabeleni enhlekeleleni njengoba sishukumisa ukuhlelwa kwemisebenzi ephuthumayo kahulumeni kanye nezinyathelo zokuvikela umphakathi. Uma umbusi ekhipha isimemezelo esiphuthumayo, kubangela izinqubo eziningi ngesikhathi esifanayo: izinhlangano zikahulumeni zishintshela ekusebenzeni ngendlela ephuthumayo, izivumelwano zokusiza nezinye izifundazwe zibe khona, imingcele yokuzivumelanisa kungalungiswa okwesikhashana, futhi umbuso ufanelekela usizo lukahulumeni.

Phakathi nesimo esiphuthumayo esishiwo, umbusi unamandla angavamile, kuhlanganise negunya lokumisa imithetho yoMbuso, angenele iNational Guard, athathe impahla yomuntu siqu, abaleke ngokuqondile, futhi agunyaze izimali eziphuthumayo. Lamandla amakhulu, nakuba engaphansi kwezindlela ezihlukahlukene ezingokomthetho nezokwengamela, enza ababusi bakwazi ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha lapho izinqubo ezivamile zikahulumeni zingasheshi ukuvikela umphakathi.

Imizamo Yokuzimisela Ukusabela Okuhlukahlukene

Ukusabela okuphumelelayo okuphuthumayo kudinga ukubambisana okungenamsoco phakathi kwezinhlangano eziningi zezwe nezindawo, ngasinye sinekhono elikhethekile nemithwalo yemfanelo. Phakathi nesimo esiphuthumayo, uMbusi futhi wenza indima eyinhloko ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi phakathi nesimo esiphuthumayo, unikeza iseluleko neziyalezo nokugcina ukuhleleka komphakathi. Ohulumeni basebenza njengegunya elikhulu lokuqondisa umthetho, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukugcinwa komthetho, izinkonzo zomlilo, izinkonzo zokwelapha eziphuthumayo, iminyango yezempilo yomphakathi, izinhlangano zezokuthutha, nezinye izinhlangano zisebenza ngokushelela.

Amagunya aphuthumayo agunyazwe kakhulu, agunyazwe ngokusetshenziswa kwesaziso sikahulumeni sesimo esiphuthumayo noma senhlekelele, anikeza amathuba okuthuthukisa amakhono, ukubambisana, nokubambisana phakathi kwezinhlangano zikahulumeni nezindawo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa kudlulela ngalé kwemingcele kahulumeni futhi. Uma izinhlekelele zidlula amandla kahulumeni, ababusi bangacela usizo oluvela ezindaweni ezingomakhelwane ngokunikezana usizo noma ukunxusa uhulumeni wezwe ukuba akhiphe izimemezelo zenhlekelele ezivula imithombo yemali nokusekela.

Uma amahlelo e-National Guard engekho ngaphansi kokulawulwa uhulumeni, abaBusi bangabaqondisi nabaphathi-mpi bamazwe abanomthwalo wemfanelo wokuvikela ukuphepha kwezakhamuzi zikahulumeni. I-National Guard imelela ithuluzi eliyingqayizivele ababusi abangalisebenzisa ekuphenduleni okuphuthumayo, ukunikeza izisebenzi, imishini, nokusekela okusemthethweni phakathi nezinhlekelele zemvelo, iziphazamiso zomphakathi, noma izimo eziphuthumayo zomphakathi. Le butho, lihlangene nemithombo yezokuphatha isimo esiphuthumayo, linikeza abaphathi bamathuluzi anamandla okuvikela imiphakathi phakathi nezinhlekelele.

Ukulungiselela Usongo Oluhlukahlukene

Kodwa oMbusi kumelwe balungele izenzakalo zansuku zonke − izikhukhula, izikhukhula, izikhukhula, imililo yamandla, izimboni, nezinto eziyingozi ezichithekile (njengezezinhlekelele ngesilinganiso sobhadane lwe-COVID-19, iSiphepho uKatrina, noma ukuhlasela kwamaphekula kwe-11 September 11. Lokhu kubonisa ubukhulu bemithwalo yemfanelo ephuthumayo abaphathi abahlala nayo. Kumelwe baqinisekise ukuthi amazwe abo alondoloza amandla okusabela ezimweni eziphuthumayo kuyilapho futhi elungiselela izenzakalo eziphansi, izenzakalo eziphezulu ezinganqoba izimiso ezivamile zokusabela.

Ukuzilungiselela okuphuthumayo kuhilela ukuhlela okuqhubekayo, ukuqeqesha, nokuthuthukisa inzuzo. Ohulumeni baqondisa ukuhlelwa kwezinhlelo ezibanzi zokusebenza okuphuthumayo, baqinisekisa ukuthi izisebenzi eziphuthumayo zithola ukuqeqeshwa okufanele, zigcine inqwaba yezinto ezibucayi, kanye nokuzivivinya ukuze zihlole amakhono okusabela. Lemisebenzi yokuzilungiselela, nakuba ingabonakali kakhulu kunemisebenzi yokusabela okuphuthumayo, ibalulekile lapho kugadla izinhlekelele.

Abalawuli benza indima ebalulekile ekulungiseleleni isimo esiphuthumayo futhi bangasiza ekusizeni ukusabela ngokushesha ezimweni eziphuthumayo. Nokho, imithetho esebenza ngokuphumelelayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile ingadala izithiyo phakathi nezimo eziphuthumayo, ibambezele ukusabela okufike ngesikhathi. Ngokuqaphela lenselele, imibuso eminingi iye yanika ababusi igunya lokuguqula izimiso nemithetho okwesikhashana phakathi nezikhathi eziphuthumayo, okwenza kube lula ukusingatha izinkinga nokusabela.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezimiso Zomphakathi Zempilo Nokusetshenziswa Kwazo

Ngalé kokusabela okuphuthumayo, ababusi balungisa impilo yomphakathi ngokuthuthukisa kwabo okuqhubekayo nokusebenzisa imisebenzi yabo eqhubekayo. Ukuze bafeze le misebenzi yempilo yomphakathi, iminyango yezempilo yezwe inemithwalo yemfanelo ehlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nemisebenzi eyisithupha elandelayo yokulawula: ukuhola nokunezela ekuthuthukiseni izimiso ezivikelayo, ukuthuthukisa impilo yomphakathi kuyilapho beqinisekisa ukuthi i-authority kanye nezakhi zayo zihlala zivumelana nemithetho nemithetho (isimo, nemithetho) elawulwa yiyo. Abaphathi baqhubela le nqubo yokuthuthukisa inqubo ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nezihlongozo zomthetho, iziyalezo zezempatho, kanye neziqondiso zokuphatha.

Ukusebenzisa Iziqondiso Zempilo Yomphakathi

Imishini yabaqondisi imelela ithuluzi elinamandla ababusi abangalisebenzisa ukuthuthukisa izinjongo zempilo yomphakathi ngaphandle kokulinda ukumiswa kwemithetho. Emongweni wempilo yomphakathi, i-GEO isebenzisa ukusingatha izimo eziphuthumayo zempilo yomphakathi, ukumisa izinhlelo ezintsha nezinhlangano, ukuqondisa noma ukuhlela kabusha, ukwandisa impikiswano, nokulawula inqubo kahulumeni. Le mithetho ivumela ababusi ukuba bathathe isinyathelo ngokushesha lapho kuvela izinsongo zempilo, ukuhlela kabusha izinhlangano ukuze zithuthukise impumelelo, noma ukusungula izinyathelo ezintsha ezidingida izindaba zempilo eziphuthumayo.

Abalawuli basebenzisa iziyalezo zezikhulu − ezinye zazo ezibhekene nokubukezwa kwemithetho kwezinye izindawo — ngenxa yezinjongo ezihlukahlukene, phakathi kwazo: zibangela amandla aphuthumayo nezenzo ezihlobene nezenzakalo zezulu, izinhlekelele zamandla, izimo eziphuthumayo zempilo yomphakathi, izenzakalo zokulimala kwabantu, nezinye izimo ezidinga ukuqashelwa ngokushesha; zidala amakomiti, ukuhlolwa, noma ukuhlelwa kwemisebenzi; zakha noma zahlelwa kabusha amabhodi, namabhodi, kanye namanxusa; zikhulume ngezindaba zokuqondisa igatsha nezokuphatha izinhlelo zezehlakalo, izenzakalo zokulungisa indawo ezungezile, ukukhishelwa, ukukhishelwa kwezindawo ezizungezile, ukucwatshwa kwezindawo ezizungezile, ukucwasana, nokuhlelwa kwemithetho; kanye ne-··nvergation;

Ukuvumelana neziqondiso zezikhulu kwenza kube usizo kakhulu ekubhekaneni nezinselele zempilo zomphakathi ezidinga ukuthatha isinyathelo esisheshayo noma ukubambisana. Ohulumeni baye basebenzisa iziyalezo eziphetheyo ukuze badlulisele izinhlelo zempilo yomphakathi phakathi kwezinkampani, bamise amabutho okulungisa imisebenzi ukuze babhekane nezinsongo ezithile zempilo, basebenzise izinyathelo zokuvimbela izifo, futhi balungise izimfuneko zokunakekela impilo lapho kuphuthuma.

Imithetho Nemvume

Nakuba iziyalezo eziphethe zinikeza amakhono asheshayo, intuthuko yezempilo yomphakathi ehlala njalo idinga izinguquko zemithetho. Abaphathi benza indima ebalulekile enqubweni yomthetho ngokufaka izikweleti, ngokufaka izikweleti, ngokusekela ukudluliswa kwazo, nokusebenzisa amandla abo ukuze bamise umthetho wokugcina. Kumazwe acishe abe ngu 85%, i-SHO yagunyazwa ukunquma uhlelo lwemali nomthetho ongaphansi komphathi wemithetho yemithetho yezomthetho, kanti abangaphansi kwengxenye (4,6%) kazwe SHOS umqondisi weminyango yendawo. Lobubuhlobo obubambisana phakathi kwababusi nezikhulu zempilo bugunyaza iziphakamiso ezigunyaza iziphakamiso zezindaba ezinikezwa izicelo zempilo yomphakathi.

Abaholi bangasebenzisa inhloko - dolobha yabo yezombangazwe neqophelo lomphakathi ukuze basekele umthetho wezempilo, bafundise umphakathi ngezindaba zempilo, futhi baxoxe nabashaya umthetho ukuze baqinisekise ukudluliswa kwezikweleti eziphambili. Ukuhileleka kwabo enqubweni yomthetho kunikeza izimpawu zokubaluleke kwezinkinga zempilo futhi kungasiza ekunqobeni izithiyo zezombangazwe ezingase zivimbele izinguquko ezidingekayo.

Inkundla yemithetho inikeza amathuba okusingatha izinto eziningi ezithinta impilo nokulondeka, kusukela ezimisweni zokuphepha zasemgwaqweni nasezivikelweni zendawo ezungezile kuya ezimisweni zokuvikela impilo nezokuvimbela izifo.

Izinhlelo Zokuvimbela Izifo Nezokuthuthukisa Impilo

Lezi zinyathelo zikhuluma ngezifo ezithathelwanayo nezingamahlalakhona, ezihlasela izici eziyingozi futhi zithuthukise ukuziphatha okuvikelayo okuthuthukisa impilo yabantu.

Imizamo Yokugoma Nokugoma

Izinhlelo zokugoma zimelela enye yezimo ezibiza kakhulu ezingenela kwezempilo yomphakathi, futhi ababusi banendima eyinhloko ekuqinisekiseni impumelelo yabo. Iminyango yezempilo yoMbuso, esebenza ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwe-gubernonery, ilawula izinhlelo zokugoma ezivikela izingane nabantu abadala ezifweni ezingavinjelwa. Le zinhlelo zihilela ukugoma, ukuwayisa kubantu abanakekela, ukugcina ubuqotho obungathandeki, ukulandelela amazinga okugoma, nokufundisa umphakathi ngenzuzo yokugoma.

Abalawuli bahlela imali yokugoma emikhankasweni yokugoma, bamisa isimiso sokugoma kuqala, futhi bangasebenzisa iqophelo labo lomphakathi ukukhuthaza ukugoma. Phakathi nokuqubuka kwezifo noma lapho kutholakala imithi yokugoma, ababusi bangaqoqa izimali ukuze baqinisekise ukuthunyelwa kwemisebenzi okusheshayo kanye namazinga aphakeme okuhlanganisa. Umqedazwe we-COVID wabonisa ukubaluleka okungathi sína kobuholi be-gabernarcator ekusakazeni imithi, kanye nababusi abathatha izinqumo eziyinhloko mayelana nokugoma, ukusakaza iziteshi, nokuthumela imiyalezo yomphakathi.

Izinyathelo Ezinganqamuki Zokuvimbela Izifo

Izifo ezingapheli njengesifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, nomdlavuza zimelela izimbangela eziyinhloko zokufa nokukhubazeka e-United States. Ohulumeni bayazi ukuthi ukuthuthukisa impilo yezakhamuzi akudingekile kuphela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ziphila ukuphila okunenzuzo, kodwa futhi kulawule izindleko zempilo nokulinganisela imali; ngenxa yalokho, amazwe aholela ezinhlalweni eziningi zenguquko yezempilo. Lokhu kushukumisele ababusi abaningi ukuba bafake izimali ezinhlanganweni zokuvimbela izifo ezingalapheki ezithinta izici eziyingozi ezinjengokusetshenziswa kukagwayi, ukungondleki kahle, ukungasebenzi kahle emzimbeni, nokuphuza ngokweqile utshwala.

Izindlela zokuvimbela izifo ezimahlalakhona ezingokwezinga likahulumeni zingahlanganisa izinhlelo zokunqanda ugwayi, ukuthuthukisa ukudla nokuvivinya umzimba, izinhlelo zokuvimbela isifo sikashukela, imikhankaso yokuhlola umdlavuza, nemizamo yokuvimbela izifo zenhliziyo.

Izinzuzo ezingokomnotho zokuvimbela izifo ezingapheli zenza ukuba lezinhlelo zikhange kubabusi abakhathalela kokubili ukusetshenziswa kwemali yempilo nombuso. Ukuvimbela izifo ezingamahlalakhona kunciphisa izindleko zokunakekelwa kwempilo, kuthuthukisa izinga lokusebenza kwezisebenzi, futhi kuthuthukise izinga lokuphila kwezakhamuzi. Ohulumeni abahlela ukuvimbela izifo ngokulinganisela bangazuza inzuzo enkulu ekubekeni imali kuyilapho bethuthukisa impilo yabameleli babo.

Ukunciphisa Izifo Ezingangenwa Yikho

Izindawo zomphakathi ezinomthwalo wemfanelo wezempilo zihlanganisa (1) ukuqinisekisa izakhi zempilo zomphakathi ezifanele, (2) ukuthuthukisa imiphakathi enempilo nezimiso ezinempilo, (3) ukuvimbela ukusakazeka kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, (4) ukuvikela izingozi zempilo yendawo ezungezile, (5) ukulungiselela nokusabela eziphuthumayo, kanye (6) nezinkonzo zezempilo eziqinisekisayo. Ukuvimbela ukusakazeka kwezifo ezithathelwanayo kudinga izimiso ezinamandla zokuhlola, ukuqubuka ngokushesha, kanye nezinyathelo zokulawula eziphumelelayo.

Abalawuli basekela ukulawulwa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo ngokusekela ukuxhaswa kwezimali kwezimiso zokuhlola izifo, amandla okucwaninga, ukuhlola ngezifo, namaqembu ahlaselayo. Uma kuqubuka izifo, ababusi bangamemezela izimo eziphuthumayo zempilo zomphakathi ezenza ukuba ukusabela kuphumelele ngokwengeziwe, kuhlanganise negunya lokuhlukanisa, izimfuneko eziphoqelelwe ukubika, kanye nokuqoqa imithombo yezincwadi.

Isisekelo sokunqanda izifo ezithathelwanayo sifeza izinjongo ezimbili: ukulawula ukusongelwa kwezifo ezivamile njengomkhuhlane nezifo ezibangelwa ukudla kuyilapho kunikeza nesisekelo sokubhekana nokuvela kwezifo ezithathelwanayo nezenzakalo zobuphekula.

Imithetho Yempilo Neyokuphepha Endaweni Ezungezile

Izingozi zendawo ezungezile zisongela kakhulu impilo yomphakathi, futhi ababusi banomthwalo wemfanelo wokuvikela izakhamuzi kulezi zingozi. Iminyango yezempilo kahulumeni engu-14 ibuye ibe yinhlangano eyinhloko yendawo ezungezile ezweni labo; engu-15 iyinhlangano yezempilo engokwengqondo; futhi engu-11 iyinhlangano kahulumeni we-Medicaid. Ngisho nasezindaweni lapho isivikelo sendawo ezungezile siwohloka ngaphansi kwezinhlangano ezihlukene, ababusi bahlela imisebenzi yezempilo engokwemvelo futhi baqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhathalela impilo yomphakathi kuyazisa isimiso sendawo ezungezile.

Isivikelo Somoya Namanzi

Umoya ohlanzekile namanzi ahlanzekile okuphuza kumelela izimfuneko eziyisisekelo zempilo yomphakathi. Abaphathi bezongamela izinhlangano zikahulumeni ezinakekela izinga lomoya, ukulawulwa kwegesi ekhishwayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwamanzi okuphuzwayo, nokuvikela imithombo yamanzi ekungcoleni.

Uma izinkinga zempilo yendawo ezungezile zenzakalela − njengokungcoliswa kwamanzi, ukukhubazeka komoya, noma ukukhishwa kwamakhemikhali anobuthi — amagovernor kumelwe aqondise ukusabela okusheshayo okuvikela impilo yomphakathi. Lokhu kungahlanganisa ukukhipha izitokisi zempilo, ukunikeza ezinye imithombo yamanzi, ukuthutha kwabantu abathintekile, noma ukumisa imithetho ephuthumayo ukuze kuxoxwe nosongo.

Abalawuli futhi bathonya impilo yendawo ezungezile ehlala isikhathi eside ngokusekela kwabo izimiso ezinciphisa ukungcola, zithuthukise amandla ahlanzekile, zivikele imithombo yemvelo, futhi zilungise imiphumela yesimo sezulu empilweni. Lezi zinqumo zingaba nemiphumela emikhulu empilweni yokuphefumula, ezifweni ezibangelwa amanzi, izifo ezihlobene nokushisa, neminye imiphumela yempilo eyimfihlo esendaweni ezungezile.

Izinhlelo Zokuphepha Nokuhlola Ukudla

Izifo ezibangelwa ukudla zithinta izigidi zamaMelika unyaka ngamunye, zenza ukuphepha kokudla kube yinto ebalulekile empilweni yomphakathi. Iminyango yezempilo yoMbuso, isebenza ngaphansi kokuqondisa kobuphekula, ihlola ukuphepha kokudla, ihlola ukuqubuka kwezifo ezibangelwa ukudla, futhi iqaphe imithetho yokuphepha ukudla. Le zinhlelo zivikela abathengi ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi izindawo zokudlela, izindawo zokulungisa ukudla, kanye nezikhungo zokuthengisa ukudla zilondoloza izimo ezihlanzekile futhi zilandele imikhuba yokuphatha ukudla ngokuphepha.

Abalawuli basekela izinhlelo zokuphepha kokudla ngokusekela imali eyanele, ngezisebenzi ezifanelekayo, nangezimiso ezisiza ekuqondiseni izifo ezibangelwa ukudla.

Impilo Nokulondeka Okusebenzayo

Izingozi emsebenzini zimelela enye indawo ebalulekile yokukhathalela impilo ezungezile. Nakuba izindinganiso ze-OSSA zinikeza isisekelo sokuphepha emsebenzini, izifundazwe eziningi zisebenzisa ukuphepha kwazo siqu emsebenzini nezinhlelo zezempilo ngaphansi kwegunya lezisebenzi. Lezinhlelo zikahulumeni zihlola imisebenzi, zihlola izingozi, ziphoqelela izinga lokuphepha, futhi zinikeza izinkonzo zokuhlola ukuze zisize abaqashi balondoloze izimo ezilondekile zokusebenza.

Abalawuli bathonya impilo engokwemisebenzi nokuphepha ngokuhlela kwabo emabhodini aqondisayo, ukuhlelwa kwemali ebekelwe imisebenzi yokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwemithetho, nokusekela ukuqashwa kwezindlela zokuphepha emsebenzini. Izinhlelo zezempilo eziqinile zinciphisa ukulimala emsebenzini nokugula, ukuvikela izisebenzi kuyilapho zinciphisa izindleko ezihlobene nenkokhelo nemveliso.

Ukutholakala Kwezokwelapha Nesiqinisekiso Sezinga Elifanele

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamuzi ziyakwazi ukungenela izinkonzo zokwelapha ezisezingeni eliphezulu kumele umthwalo oyinhloko wobudokotela. I-NGA's Center for Best Practices isekela amahhovisi oMbusi ekusingatheni izinkinga zempilo zomphakathi ezivelayo, ukuthuthukisa ukukwazi nokunakekela impilo nemishini emisha, nokuthola izindlela zokuveza indlela yokuzilungisa. Izikhulu zithonya ukutholakala kokwelashwa ngezindlela eziningi, kuhlanganise nenqubo ye-Medicaid, ukuthuthuka kwezempilo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukunakekelwa kwezindawo zokusebenza, nokuphatha kahle.

Ukubusa kwesimiso seMedicaid

UMedicaid umelela uhlelo olukhulu kakhulu lwemishwane yezempilo emazweni amaningi, inikeza i-mediid yezingane ezihola kancane, abesifazane abakhulelwe, abantu asebekhulile, nabantu abakhubazekile. Ohulumeni benza izinqumo ezigxekayo mayelana no-Medicaid eligigial, izinzuzo ezivalwe, amaholo akhokhelwayo, kanye nokuphathwa kwezinhlelo. Lezi zinqumo zithinta ngokuqondile izigidi zezakhamuzi futhi zilandisa ngengxenye enkulu yemali kahulumeni.

Abaholi bangandisa noma bafake i-Medicaid ehlongozayo, basebenzise izifekethiso ezintsha, baxoxe nohulumeni kahulumeni wezokukhipha iziphakamiso, futhi baphishekele izinguquko eziklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa izinga lapho kulawulwa izindleko. Uhlelo lweMedicaid lusebenza njengenetha elibalulekile lokuphepha kubantu abasengozini, kanye nomholi we-gubernator ekuqondiseni imiphumela ephawulekayo yempilo nokuthola ukwelashwa.

Ukuthuthuka Kwezisebenzi Zokwelapha

Ukuze isekele iZinga lempilo eliphambili, iNGA Health Team inikeza ukwaziswa, ukucwaninga, ukuhlaziya kwenqubo, usizo lobuchwepheshe, imisebenzi ekhethekile, nemithombo yemali kuhulumeni nakuzisebenzi zabo ezisezintweni ezihlukahlukene zempilo ezihlanganisa: izakhiwo zezempilo zomphakathi, izifo ezingapheli nezithathelwanayo, izinkinga zempilo zasemaphandleni, izisebenzi zempilo, izindleko nezinkinga zempilo, impilo, ukulingana kwezempilo, nempilo nomama nempilo. Ukuswelakala kwezempilo kumelela inselele, ikakhulukazi emaphandleni nasezindaweni ezizimele.

Abalawuli basingatha izinselele zezisebenzi ngokuqapha ngemfundo nangokuboleka imali ngezinhlelo ezisiza ochwepheshe bezempilo ukuba basebenzise ezikhungweni ezingekho, basekele izinhlelo zemfundo yezempilo nokuqeqesha, basebenzise izinguquko ezenza ochwepheshe bezempilo bakwazi ukuzisebenzisa emalayisensini abo, futhi bathathe izinyathelo zokuqasha izisebenzi zezempilo. Le mizamo yokuthuthukisa isiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi abantu bayakwazi ukufinyelela izinkonzo ezidingekayo zempilo.

Ukulawula Ikhono Lokwelapha

Iminyango yezempilo kahulumeni inikeza imvume yokunakekela iziguli futhi iqondisa izibhedlela, amakhaya asebegugile, imitholampilo, nezinye izikhungo zokunakekela impilo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zihlangabezana nezindinganiso eziphansi neziphephile.

Abalawuli bathonya izinga lokunakekela impilo ngokuqondisa kwabo izinhlangano ezilungisayo, ngokusekela ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa izinga, nangokusabela lapho izakhiwo zokunakekela impilo zihluleka. Lapho izakhiwo zempilo zibhekana nezinkinga ezinkulu, ababusi bangaqondisa, bangenele ezimweni eziphuthumayo, noma bavinjelwe ukuze bavikele ukuphepha kweziguli.

Impilo Yokuziphatha Nezindlela Zokusetshenziswa Kwezinkinga

Impilo yengqondo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kuthinta izigidi zamaMelika, kudala izinselele ezinkulu kubantu ngabanye, emikhayeni nasemphakathini. Inhlalakahle engokomzimba nengokwengqondo isondelene kakhulu, futhi kokubili kubalulekile ukuba abantu baphile ukuphila kwabo okunempilo engcono kakhulu nokukhiqiza kakhulu. Ohulumeni bafeza indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izakhamuzi ziyakwazi ukufinyelela izinkonzo zempilo futhi zisabela ngokuphumelelayo ekusebenziseni izakhi.

Izinkonzo Zempilo Yengqondo Nokusabela Ezinkingeni

Izimiso zezempilo yezempilo yezempilo yoMbuso zinikeza izinkonzo kusukela ekwelapheni kwesineke somphakathi kuya ekunakekeleni ingqondo egulayo. Abaphathi bengamele lezi zimiso, benza izinqumo mayelana namazinga okuxhasa imali, izinto eziza kuqala zenkonzo, nesimiso sesimiso. Imibuso eminingi iye yenza izinguquko ukuze ishintshe izinkonzo zempilo zengqondo isuka ezimisweni ezingokwezemfundo zingene ekunakekeleni komphakathi, idinga ukuhola kwezelaphayo ukuze kusingathwe lezinguquko eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Izinkinga zempilo yengqondo zidinga amandla okusabela ngokushesha, futhi ababusi basekela izinkonzo zokungenela ezibucayi kuhlanganise nezimo eziphuthumayo, amaqembu ahambayo anezimo eziphuthumayo. Lezi zinkonzo zinikeza ezinye izindlela zokunakekela isibhedlela esiphuthumayo futhi zingavimbela ukulaliswa okungadingekile noma ukuhileleka esimisweni somthetho wezephulamthetho.

Ukubhekana Nomqedazwe We - opioid

Umqedazwe weopioid uye wabhubhisa imiphakathi kulo lonke elase-United States, wabulala amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu futhi wadala izindleko ezinkulu zezenhlalo nezomnotho. Ohulumeni baye basabela ngamasu abanzi ahlanganisa ukwandisa amathuba okwelashwa asetshenziswa ngemithi, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwemithi eshintshayo, ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuhlola imithi kadokotela, ukuphishekela ukulwa ngokomthetho nezinkampani ezithaka imithi, nokusekela imizamo yemfundo.

Ngaphambi kobhadane lwe-COVOID-19, izifunda eziningana zasebenzisa lezikhulu zezesimo esiphuthumayo kanye nezempilo yomphakathi ukuze zisabele ezinkingeni ezingokwemvelo, njengeziphepho zempilo yomphakathi, ezinjengasifuba, amazwe asebenzisa lezi ziphathimandla eziphuthumayo ukuze aphendule izinsongo zempilo zomphakathi ezinikeza izimo ezihlukile neziveza ukuqubuka, kuhlanganise nokuqubuka kwegciwane lesandulela sesandulela-HIV kanye nesibindi se-A, kanye nesifo sokusha kwe-opioid yamanje. Abanye ababusi baye bamemezela izimo eziphuthuma zempilo ezihlobene ne-opioids, okwenza ukuba kukwazi ukusabela okunelisayo kanye nokuqoqwa kosizo.

Ukusabela okuphumelelayo enkingeni yeopioid kudinga ukusebenzelana kwezingxenye eziningi, kuhlanganise nokunakekela impilo, ubulungisa bobugebengu, imfundo, nezinkonzo zezenhlalaphansi. Ohulumeni basebenza njengegunya eliyinhloko eliqondisayo, beqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlangano ezihlukene nababambisi bemigomo efanayo. Ukuhola kwabo ekusingatheni izifo ezisetshenziswayo kungasindisa ukuphila futhi kusize imiphakathi ilulame ezinkingeni ezibhubhisayo zokulutheka.

Ukuphepha Kwezimoto Nokuvimbela Ukulimala

Izingozi ezingahlosiwe, kuhlanganise nokuphahlazeka kwezimoto, ukuwa, nokungenwa ushevu, kumelela izimbangela eziyinhloko zokufa nokukhubazeka.

Imithetho Yokuphepha Yemoto

Izingozi zezimoto zibulala amashumi ezinkulungwane zamaMelika unyaka ngamunye futhi zilimaze izigidi ezengeziwe. Abaphathi basekela ukuphepha kwezimoto ngemithetho edinga ukusetshenziswa kwebhande lesihlalo, ivimbela ukushayela ngengozi, ivimbela ukushayela okuphazamisekile, imisa abashayeli abasha abathweswe iziqu befaka ijubane elilinganiselwe. Lemithetho, ihlangene nemizamo yokuphoqelelwa kwezisebenzi nemfundo yomphakathi, iye yanezela ekuncipheni okukhulu kwezingozi zezimoto phakathi namashumi eminyaka amuva.

Abaholi bangasekela ukuphepha kwezimoto futhi ngokuthuthukisa izakhiwo zezakhiwo, njengokuklama umgwaqo okuphephile, ukukhanya okungcono, nokusayinwa okuthuthukisiwe. Ngokuhlela izinto zokuhamba nezinhlangano zezempilo zomphakathi, ababusi bangasebenzisa izindlela ezibanzi zokuphepha kwezimoto ezisingatha izici eziningi eziyingozi ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Izinhlelo Zokuvimbela Ukungenwa Ingozi

Ngaphandle kokuphepha kwezimoto, ababusi basekela izinhlelo zokuvimbela ukulimala ezikhuluma ngabantu abadala, ukulimala kwezingane, izingozi emsebenzini, nobudlova. Lezi zinhlelo zisebenzisa amasu asekelwe kubufakazi ukuze zinciphise izingozi zokulimala, kuhlanganise nokulungisa indawo ezungezile, ukusakazwa kwemishini yokuphepha, imfundo, nokuziqeqeshela ukungenela kwezimiso.

Ukuvimbela ukulimala kumelela ukusetshenziswa kwezindleko zezempilo zomphakathi, njengoba ukuvimbela ukulimala kugwema izindleko ezinkulu zezokwelapha, ukulahlekelwa umkhiqizo, nokuhlupheka kwabantu okuhlobene nokulimala okubuhlungu. Ohulumeni abahlela ukuvimbela ukulimala ngokwezinga eliphezulu bangafinyelela intuthuko enkulu empilweni yomphakathi nasekuncipheni kwezindleko zokwelapha.

Izinhlelo Zempilo Yezingane Nezempilo

Impilo yomama nezingane iwuphawu oluyisisekelo lwempilo yezakhamuzi zonke nenjongo yezimiso zezempilo zomphakathi. Abaqondisi bengamela izinhlelo zezempilo zomama nezezingane ezinikeza ukunakekela kwangaphambi kokubeletha, ukuhambela abantwana kahle, ukugoma, ukuhlola ukuthuthuka, kanye nezinkonzo zokusekela imikhaya.

Ukunciphisa Ukufa Kwabantu Nokufa Kwabo

I - United States ibhekene nenhlekelele yokufa komama, enamanani aphakeme kunamanye amazwe athuthukile nahlukahluka kakhulu ngokohlanga.

Le mizamo idinga ukubambisana phakathi kwezimiso zokunakekela impilo, izinhlangano zezempilo zomphakathi nezinhlangano zomphakathi. Ukuhola kwezokubeletha ekubhekaneni nempilo yomama kungasindisa ukuphila futhi kunciphise ithonya elibhubhisayo lokufa okubangelwa ukukhulelwa emikhayeni nasemiphakathini.

Izinkonzo Zempilo Yabantwana Nezentuthuko

Izingane zisencane zimelela inkathi ebucayi yempilo nentuthuko, nokuhlangenwe nakho kuleminyaka okubumba amaqhinga empilo kukho konke ukuphila. Ohulumeni basekela impilo yezingane ngezinhlelo eziqinisekisa ukutholakala kwezinkonzo zokwelapha, ukuthuthukisa intuthuko enempilo, ukuvimbela izifo zobuntwana, nokunakekela izidingo ezikhethekile zezempilo.

Izinhlelo zikahulumeni zinikeza ukugoma, ukuhlolwa kokuthuthukisa, ukuvinjelwa kobuthi, ukusekela ukudla okunomthofu, ukusekela ukudla ngezinhlelo ezinjenge WiC, nezinkonzo zezingane ezidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kwempilo. Lokhu kutshala imali empilweni yabantwana kuveza izinzuzo zesikhathi eside, njengoba izingane ezinempilo zisengozini kakhulu yokuphumelela esikoleni, zigweme izifo ezingamahlalakhona, futhi zibe abantu abadala abakhiqizayo.

Ukulingana Kwempilo Nokusingatha Umehluko

Ukuhluka kwempilo okusekelwe ohlwini lohlanga, ubuzwe, iholo, ukuma kwezwe nezinye izici kumelela izinselele ezingapheli ezilulaza impilo yabantu futhi ziphula izimiso zobulungisa nokungalingani. Ohulumeni bangathuthukisa impilo ngokulandela izinhlelo ezihloselwe, izinguquko zezimiso, nezinguquko ezithinta izimbangela eziyinhloko zokuhlukana kwezempilo.

Ukukhuluma Nezici Zempilo Ezenhlalo

Imiphumela yempilo ilolongwa izimo zezenhlalo nezomnotho kuhlanganise nemfundo, umsebenzi, indlu, ukulondeka kokudla, nendawo ezungezile. Abalawuli abaqaphela lokhu kuxhumana bangasebenzisa amasu ahlobene athinta impilo ezenhlalo kanye nokungenela kwezempilo okungokwesiko.

Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise izimiso ezithuthukisa izindlu ezibizayo, zithuthukise amathuba emfundo, zithuthukise amathuba okuthola ukudla okunempilo, zibangele amathuba ezomnotho emiphakathini empofu, futhi zinciphise izingozi zendawo ezungezile ezindaweni ezisengozini. Ngokusingatha lezi zici eziseceleni, ababusi bangafinyelela intuthuko engcono nehlala njalo empilweni yabantu kunaleyo ukungenela kwempilo kuphela okunganikeza ngayo.

Ukunciphisa Umehluko Empilweni Yasemaphandleni

Imiphakathi yasemaphandleni ibhekene nezinselele eziyingqayizivele zempilo, kuhlanganise nokungabi nandlela yokuthola izinkonzo zezempilo, ukuswelakala kosizo, ukuvalwa kwesibhedlela, izinga eliphakeme lezifo ezingamahlalakhona, nokwanda kwabantu abafa ngenxa yezimbangela ezingagwemeki.

Impilo yasemaphandleni idinga izindlela ezivumelanayo zokuqaphela izinselele nenzuzo yemiphakathi yasemaphandleni.

Ukukhulumisana Komphakathi Ngempilo Nemfundo

Impilo yomphakathi ephumelelayo idinga imiphakathi enolwazi eqonda izingozi zempilo nezimiso zokuvikela.

Inkinga Yokukhulumisana

Phakathi nezikhathi eziphuthumayo, uMbusi ufeza indima eyinhloko ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi ngesikhathi esiphuthumayo, unikeza iseluleko neziyalezo futhi alondoloze ukuhleleka komphakathi. Ukukhulumisana okucacile, okunembile, nokufike ngesikhathi phakathi nezimo eziphuthumayo zempilo kungasindisa ukuphila ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu bayazazi izingozi futhi bayazi ukuthi bangazivikela kanjani.

Ohulumeni kumelwe balinganisele izinhloso zokuxhumana eziningi phakathi nezinhlekelele: ukunikeza ukwaziswa okuqondile, ukulondoloza ukwethemba umphakathi, ukugwema ukwethuka, ukuhlanganisa izigijimi ezinhlangothini zezinhlangano, nokukhuluma okunganembile. Ukubonakala kwabo negunya kubenza babeke izikhundla ezikhethekile zokunikeza izigijimi ezigxekayo zempilo ezifinyelela izibukeli ezibanzi.

Imikhankaso Yokuthuthukisa Impilo

Ngaphandle kokuxhumana okunzima, ababusi bangasebenzisa indawo yabo ephakeme ukuze bathuthukise ukuziphatha okunempilo futhi bakhulise ukuqaphela ngezindaba zempilo. Imikhankaso yokuqaphela umphakathi ikhuluma ngezindaba ezinjengokushefa kokubhema, ukuvivinya umzimba, ukudla okunempilo, ukugoma, nokuhlola izifo ingathonya ukushintsha kokuziphatha ezingeni labantu.

Abaholi abasekela izimbangela zempilo ngokwabo bangakhulisa ithonya labo, besebenzisa ukubonakala kwabo ukuze badonsele ukunakekela ezicini ezibalulekile zempilo nasemikhubeni enempilo eyisibonelo. Lokhu kuhola ngesibonelo kungashukumisela izakhamuzi ukuba zenze izinqumo ezinempilo futhi zakhe izimiso zomphakathi ezisekela impilo.

Ukubambisana Kukahulumeni Nobuhlobo Bobunye

Impilo yomphakathi isebenza emazingeni amaningi kahulumeni, idinga ukubambisana okuphumelelayo phakathi kweziphathimandla zikahulumeni, zikahulumeni, nezindawo zendawo.

Izimali Nezinhlelo Zokuthutha

Izinhlangano ezizimele zinikeza izimali ezinele ezinhlanganweni zezempilo zomphakathi, kuhlanganise nezimali zokuvikela izifo, ukulungiselela isimo esiphuthumayo, impilo yendawo ezungezile, impilo kamama nengane, nezinye izinto eziningi eziza kuqala. Ohulumeni kanye nezisebenzi zabo basebenza nohulumeni ukuze basekele lezimali, baqinisekise ukuthi kuvumelana nezimfuneko zikahulumeni, futhi bandise ithonya lemali evezwe kuhulumeni ezimisweni zezempilo.

Uma uHulumeni nemithombo yendawo kunganele ukusabela enhlekeleleni, umbusi angase acele usizo lwe-Federal futhi kufanele aqaphele izimfuneko nezinqubo zokucela usizo olunjalo. Lobu buhlobo bukahulumeni buba baluleke kakhulu phakathi nezinhlekelele ezinkulu noma izimo eziphuthumayo zempilo yomphakathi ezidlula amandla kahulumeni.

Ukusekela Umnyango Wezempilo Wasendaweni

Iminyango yezempilo yendawo isebenza njengendawo ephambili yempilo yomphakathi, inikeza izinkonzo ngokuqondile emiphakathini. Ubuhlobo phakathi kwesifundazwe neminyango yezempilo yendawo buyehlukahluka ezifundazweni, kunezimiso ezithile ezisebenzayo lapho iminyango yendawo isebenza khona njengezinhlangano zikahulumeni, kanti eminye inezimiso ezihlelekile ezizimele ezizimele kakhulu.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ihlelwe kanjani, ababusi bathonya impilo yomphakathi ngokunikeza izimali, ngokunikeza usizo lwezobuchwepheshe, ukuqondisa kwezimiso, nokuqondisa okuhle. Ubuhlobo obuqinile phakathi kweminyango yezempilo kahulumeni neyomphakathi kwenza izimiso zezempilo zomphakathi eziphumelela kakhulu ezingase zikwazi ukusabela kokubili ezidingweni zomphakathi nasezandleni ezisemkhakheni wonke.

Imithwalo Yemfanelo Ebalulekile Yezempilo Nokulondeka Komphakathi

  • Ukulawula ngokusemthethweni ulawulo olulawulayo: Ukumemezela izimo eziphuthumayo, ukuhlela imizamo yokusabela, ukuthumela i-National Guard, nokuxhumana nomphakathi phakathi nezikhathi ezinzima
  • Umthetho wezempilo: omisa izikhulu zezempilo, ohlela izimali, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga elanele lezinkonzo zezempilo zomphakathi ezibalulekile
  • Izinhlelo zokuvimbela ukungenwa kwezifo:[ Imikhankaso yokugoma esekela imikhankaso yokugoma, amanyathelo okunqanda izifo ezingapheli, nemizamo yokunqanda izifo ezithathelwanayo
  • Isivikelo sempilo esingokwezempilo: Ukubuka umoya nezinga lamanzi, ukuhlola ukuphepha kokudla, nokusabela ezingsongoni zempilo yendawo ezungezile
  • Ukuvikela i-Access Inicts: Ukuphatha izinhlelo ze-medicaid, ukusingatha ukuswelakala kwezisebenzi zezempilo, nokuqinisekisa izinkonzo zokwelapha ezisezingeni eliphezulu
  • [ INkonzo yezempilo ye-Behavioral: Ukunikeza impilo yengqondo nokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ukwelashwa okungalawuleki, izinkonzo zokungenela kwezinkinga, nokusabela okubanzi emikhubeni ewumlutha wokulutheka
  • Imithetho ephephile: Ihlela imithetho yokuphepha komgwaqo, izinhlelo zokuvimbela ukulimala, nezindinganiso zokuphepha emsebenzini
  • Impilo ehlangene nengane: Ukunciphisa ukufa komama, ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kokunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha, nokusekela impilo nentuthuko yabantwana
  • Imizamo eqinile: ikhuluma ngezindlela ezihlukene zempilo, inqanda izithiyo zempilo ezenhlalo, futhi iqinisekisa ukufinyelela impilo yasemaphandleni
  • Ukuxhumana okungafihli lutho: Imiphakathi efundisayo ngezingozi zempilo, ukukhuthaza ukuziphatha okunempilo, nokunikeza isiqondiso esicacile phakathi nezimo eziphuthumayo
  • Ukuhlanganiswa kombuso: nokubambisana nezinhlangano zikahulumeni, ukusekela iminyango yezempilo yendawo, nokusizana ngokumelene nokunqabelana kwesiphambano
  • Intuthuko: Umthetho omisayo, ukukhipha iziyalezo zezikhulu, nokusebenzisa igunya lokuqondisa ukuqhubekisela phambili izinjongo zempilo yomphakathi

Ikusasa Lobuholi Bezempilo Bomphakathi Obuyimiquba

Ukushintsha kwempilo yomphakathi kuyaqhubeka kushintsha, kunikeza kokubili izinselele namathuba okuba umholi. Ukubhebhethekisa izifo ezithathelwanayo, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuthinta impilo, ukuhluka kwempilo, izindleko zokwelapha, kanye nezinqubo ezintsha zobuchwepheshe konke kudinga ukuhola okuvumelana nezimiso zobufakazi.

Ngokuqondile, i-NGA Center isekela oMbusi nezinye izikhulu zikahulumeni abadala ngokunikeza usizo lobuchwepheshe, futhi ifaka abaqondisi bohulumeni ihlobanisa izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokusebenzisa izibikezelo zokubikezela ukuqubuka kwezifo ezithathelwanayo nokusabela ngamandla. Lokhu kugxila ekuvuselelweni kwenqubo nemisebenzi engcono kakhulu kubonisa ukuziphendukela okuqhubekayo komsebenzi wempilo yomphakathi nesidingo sokuba ababusi bamukele amathuluzi amasha kanye nokusondela.

Isifo se-COVOVAD-19 sabonisa ukubaluleka okubucayi kokuhola kwempilo yomphakathi kanye nezinselele ababusi ababhekene nazo ekulinganiseni izinto eziza kuqala eziphikisanayo, ukulawula ukucindezela kwezombangazwe, nokwenza izinqumo ezinzima ngokwaziswa okungaphelele. Eminyakeni yokuqala emibili yalolubhadane, ababusi nezikhulu zempilo basebenzisa amandla abo okuphuthuma ukuze babhekane nezinselele ze-COVOVAD-19 ezihlobene nobhadane lwenhlekelele. Ezizweni zonke nasezweni lonke kubhekene nezimemezelo nezimo eziphuthumayo kwenza ukuba ukugeleza kwabantu nemithombo yengcebo kukwazi ukubhekana nempumelelo eqinile.

Uma bebheka phambili, ababusi bayodinga ukulondoloza isisekelo esiqinile sempilo yomphakathi, ukutshala imali ekulungiseleleni izinsongo zesikhathi esizayo, ukusingatha izinhlobonhlobo zempilo ezingapheli, nokuzivumelanisa nezinselele zempilo ezishintshayo. Impumelelo iyodinga ukubopheka okuqinile kwezombangazwe, imithombo eyanele, ubuhlobo obuphumelelayo, nokwenza izinqumo ezisekelwe ebufakazini.

Ukwakha Imiphakathi Ehlala Kahle Ngomholi Wezigelekeqe

Ekugcineni, indima yombusi empilweni yomphakathi nasekulondekeni idlulela ngalé kokulawula izinhlekelele nokusebenzisa izinhlelo. Ababusi abaphumelelayo bakha imiphakathi eqinile engamelana nokushaqeka, ivumelane nezimo ezishintshayo, futhi isekele impilo nenhlalakahle yazo zonke izakhamuzi.

Lokhu kudinga indlela ebanzi ehlanganisa impilo yomphakathi neminye imithetho, izimpawu eziyisisekelo zezinkinga zempilo kunokuba izimpawu, ihlanganisa imiphakathi ekwenzeni izinqumo, futhi ilondoloze izibopho zesikhathi eside ukuze ithuthukise impilo. Izikhulu ezinalo mbono wempilo obanzi zingaguqula izifundazwe zazo, zidala indawo lapho zonke izakhamuzi zinamathuba okufinyelela khona impilo engcono.

Ubuhlobo phakathi kobuholi be-gubernator nempilo yomphakathi busebenza ngezindlela eziningi: ilungiselelo lenkonzo eliqondile, ukuqondisa, ukunikeza izimpahla, ukusungulwa kwezimiso, ukusabela okuphuthumayo, nokuxhumana komphakathi.

Njengoba amazwe eqhubeka esebenza njengezindawo zokucwaninga zentando yeningi, intuthuko yezempilo yomphakathi ingaveza izifundo eziwusizo kwezinye izifundazwe futhi yazise isimiso sezwe. Ohulumeni ababeka impilo kuqala, basebenzise ukungenela okusekelwe kubufakazi, futhi balondoloze izimiso zezempilo zomphakathi eziqinile azigcini ngokusiza izakhamuzi zabo kuphela ukuba ziphile kahle kodwa futhi zithuthukise inqubo yezempilo yomphakathi ezweni lonke.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngezimiso zempilo yomphakathi negunya lesizwe, vakashela i- uhulumeni wesizwe kanye [FLT]] nezibangeni zokulawula nezokuvikela izifo. Imithombo eyengeziwe yokulawula isimo sengozi ingatholakala nge- [[FLT:] Federal Emergency Management Agency [.

Ababusi abanendima ehlukahlukene abafeza ekuvikeleni impilo yomphakathi nokuphepha babonisa ukuyinkimbinkimbi kwezinselele zempilo yomphakathi wanamuhla kanye nesidingo sobuholi obunamandla ezingeni likahulumeni. Ngegunya labo ezinhlanganweni zezempilo zomphakathi, amandla okulawula izimo eziphuthumayo, amandla okuthuthukisa izimiso, nokunika izimali, ababusi bahlela imiphumela yempilo yezigidi zezakhamuzi. Ukuhola kwabo phakathi nokusebenza kwazo zombili inqubo nezinhlekelele ezingavamile kunquma ukuthi imiphakathi ingazivimbela yini izifo, ibhekane nezimo eziphuthumayo, futhi ibangele izimo ezisekela impilo nenhlalakahle yabo bonke abantu.