Ukubhalisa i Voter kuyinqubo eyisisekelo eyenza izakhamuzi zikwazi ukuthatha igalelo okhethweni lwentando yeningi. Ezimisweni zevoti, ukubhalisa kuyimfuneko yokuthi ngandlela-thile umuntu ofanele ukuvota kumelwe abhalise kumqulu okhethwe ngokhetho, ngokuvamile okuyimfuneko yokuba abe nelungelo noma avunyelwe ukuvota. Ohulumeni bamisa izimiso ezibanzi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abavoti abafanelekayo kuphela abangafaka izikhundla zokhetho kuyilapho belondoloza ukutholakala kwazo zonke izakhamuzi ezifanelekayo. Lesi sihloko sinikeza incazelo ebanzi yendlela izinqubo zokubhalisa ivoti, kusukela ekubhalisweni kokuqala ngevoti yomthetho womthetho ogciniwe noluhlu oluqhubekayo.

Ukuqonda Izimiso Zokubhalisa Ngezinombolo

Ukubhalisa iVoter kusebenza njengendlela yokuthatha isigaba sentando yeningi ezifundeni eziningi. Ukubhalisa i-voter yinqubo evumela izakhamuzi ukuba zibhalisa nezikhulu zokhetho ukuze zifanelekele ukuvota. Ezizweni ezingu-49, abavoti kuyadingeka ukuba babhalise ukuze bavote. I-North Dakota iwukuphela kukahulumeni ongadingi ukuba abavoti babhalise. Inqubo yokubhalisa yenza irekhodi elingokomthetho lokucela abavoti abafanelekayo, isiza izikhulu zokhetho ukuba zilungiselele okhetho futhi zivimbele ukukhwaba.

Izikhulu ze-voti zinquma ukuvota ngokuhlanganisa izinqubo zokuvota (njengezimfuneko zokuvota kubantu ngabanye, noma ukuvota kanye nohlu lwemizamo yokulungisa eqhutshwa yizikhulu zokhetho) nemfuneko yokwamukela noma ukuphonsa i-colot (njengezimfuneko zokuvota ezikhonzwa ezindaweni zokuhlola, noma ukusayinwa kokuqinisekiswa ngeposi). Lendlela ebekwe kaningi iqinisekisa kokubili ukulondeka nokufinyelela enqubweni yokhetho.

Izimfuneko Eziyisisekelo Zokufaneleka

Ukuze babhaliswe ekuvoteleni e-United States, abantu kumelwe bahlangabezane nezimfuneko ezithile eziyisisekelo. Umuntu kumelwe abe neminyaka engu-18 ubudala, isakhamuzi sase-United States, kanye nezakhamuzi zezwe abhalisa kulo ukuba afanelekele ukuvota kulelogunya. Lezimfuneko zakha isisekelo sokuvota kuwo wonke amazwe, nakuba izimfuneko eziqondile ezingase zihluka ngokwamagunya.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba isakhamuzi kuyisici esibucayi senqubo yokubhalisa. Amanye amazwe angu-40 anezimiso zokuvota adinga ukuba abafaki bezicelo bameme ukuthi bayizakhamuzi zase-U.S. ukuba babhalise ukuvota kuhulumeni nakukhetho lukahulumeni. Amanye amazwe aye athatha ezinye izinyathelo zokuqinisekisa, kanye neGeorgia neMississippi edinga ubufakazi besizwe ngesikhathi sokubhaliswa uma isikhundla somuntu sokuba izakhamuzi singenakuqinisekiswa ngezinye izindlela.

Izindlela Zokubhalisa Nokutholakala

Izimiso zanamuhla zokuvota zinikeza izindlela eziningi zezakhamuzi ezifanele ukubhalisa, zibonisa imizamo yokulinganisela ukutholakala kwemvume nokulawula. Izindlela zokubhalisa ziyahluka ngokombuso futhi zingahlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo: ukubhaliswa ngemvume emahhovisi ezinhlangano zikahulumeni, ukubhaliswa kwe-intanethi, ukubhaliswa ngeposi, nokubhaliswa ngemishini yokuvota exhaswa yizinhlangano ezingezona uhulumeni.

Ukubhalisa ngolayini

Izifundazwe eziningi zinikeza ukubhalisa nge-inthanethi. Ukubhalisa i-othoter kuthandwa kakhulu, kunikeza izakhamuzi indlela engcono yokubhalisa i-technology-savvy. Ezizweni eziningi, izakhamuzi ezifanele zingabhalisa futhi ukuvota kuyi-inthanethi. Cishe uzodinga ilayisense yokushayela, i-ID kahulumeni, futhi/okanye izinombolo ezine zokugcina zenombolo yakho yokhuseleko lwenhlalo ukuba ibhaliswe kuyi-inthane, ngoba amazwe amaningi adinga ikhophi yesignesha yakho. Lendlela ingena enqubeni yokubhalisa futhi inciphisa umthwalo wokuphatha emahhovisi ehhotela.

Ngokwemininingwane yamuva nje, izindlela ezivame kakhulu zokubhalisa amavoti zazisemahhovisi ezimoto (31 763 01), ukubhaliswa okuzenzekelayo kwamavoti (26,099 956,) kanye nokubhaliswa komvoti nge - Internet (14,310,695). Ukuthandwa kokubhaliswa nge - Internet kuyaqhubeka kukhula njengoba amazwe etshala izisekelo ezilondekile zemishini.

Ukubhaliswa komthumeli

Kusebalulekile ukuba abavoti abaningi babhalise iposi. Ungalayisha futhi unyathelise i-National Mail Voter Brigibration Form ukuze isetshenziswe kuzo zonke izifundazwe ngaphandle kwe-New Hampshire, North Dakota, Wisconsin, neWyoming. Ifomu ikhona ngezilimi eziningi. Lefomu ehlelelwe ukubhalisa inqubo esemthethweni ivumela ukubhaliswa kwemigqa yombuso, nakuba amazwe anganikeza futhi izakhiwo zawo siqu zokubhalisa.

Uma kubhaliswa ngeposi, isikhathi sibalulekile. Abahlohli kumelwe baqinisekise ukuthi amafomu abo aphawulwe isikhathi sokubhalisa esizohlelwa ngesikhathi sokhetho oluzayo. Izikhulu zokhetho ziqinisekisa ukwaziswa futhi zenezele abavoti abafaneleyo emiquluni.

Ukubhalisa Ngaphakathi kwe-Personal

Ungabhalisa umuntu ehhovisi lokhetho lwezwe lakho noma lombuso noma ehhovisi lezimoto. Ukubhalisa ngemoto kunikeza usizo olusheshayo kubaphathi bokhetho abakwazi ukuphendula imibuzo futhi baqinisekise ukuthi amafomu aqediwe kahle. Lendlela iwusizo kakhulu kubavoti besikhathi sokuqala noma labo abanemibuzo nge-engitume yabo.

Kunoma yiziphi izindawo zokubhalisa ezidlulela ngalé kwamahhovisi okhetho. Uma ungawavakasheli njalo amahhovisi ezinhlangano, ungabhalisa ukuba uvote ngehhovisi lokhetho lendawo ohlala kuyo. Ungayiqeda ifomu futhi ulithumele ngeposi noma uhambe ungene ehhovisi ukuze ugcwalise leyo ngezandla.

Ukubhalisa Ngemoto

I-National Voter Brigister Act ka-1993, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi "Umthetho we-Motor Voter," yandisa amathuba okubhalisa. Umthetho we-National Voter Religiodition ka-1993 ("Motor Law") nemithetho efanayo ifuna ukuba kunikezwe imvume yokuvota eminyangweni yezimoto (amahhovisi emvume omfula) kanye nezikhubazeko, izikole zomphakathi, kanye nemitapo yezincwadi yomphakathi, ukuze kungenelwe ngokwengeziwe esimisweni.

Lo mthetho wenze ukuba ukuvota kungeneke ngokukuhlanganisa nezivumelwano zikahulumeni ezivamile. Uma izakhamuzi zivakashela uMnyango wemoto Vehicles ukuze zithole izinkonzo zelayisense zomshayeli, zithola ithuba lokubhalisa ukuze zivote kanye, zinciphise imigoqo yokubhalisa.

Ukubhalisa i Voter okuzenzakalelayo

I-octive Voter Expabilitation ezenzekelayo (AVR) imelela uhlelo olubalulekile ezimisweni zokuvota. Kusukela ekudluleni kwe-NVRA, izifundazwe eziningi ziye zasebenzisa ukubhalisa okuzenzekelayo (AVR), zifuna ama-authom ka-DMVs, izikhungo zempilo, noma amahhovisi emvelo – ukubhalisa izakhamuzi ngokuzithoba kwezincwadi ezinquma ukufaneleka kwazo, ngaphandle kokuba zikhethe.

Indlela I - AVR Esebenza Ngayo

Uma uvakashela i-DMV ukuze uthole noma uvuselele ilayisense, ubhaliswa ngokuzenzekela ukuba uvote ngaphandle kokuba wehle ngokuqondile. Isimiso sibamba ukwaziswa kwakho okusha kwekheli, sigcina umvoti ehlelwa ngokunembile namanje. Le simiso esikhethayo siguqula umthwalo wokubhalisa ongokwesiko, senza ukubhalisa kube okungathandeki kunokufuna ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo.

Izimiso ze-AVR zisebenza ngezindlela ezimbili ezibonisayo. I-Front-End Opt-Out: Utshelwe e-DMV ukuthi uzobhaliswa ngaphandle kokuba wenqabe endaweni. Izimiso ze-AVR zidluliselwa kubaphathi bokhetho, abakuthumela isaziso sokuthi uzobhaliswa ngaphandle kokuba ubuyele ehla. Zombili izindlela zihloselwe ukwazisa ukubhaliswa uma ukhetha.

Umphumela Nokuphumelela

Ukubhalisa okuzenzekelayo kwevoti kuye kwabonakala kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokubhalisa abavoti abasha, futhi, ngokwengeziwe, kunciphisa igebe lokubhalisa phakathi kwamaMelika atholakele aphansi naphezulu. Isimiso samakheli ahlukanisayo ngamazinga okubhalisa ngokuvamile avumelana nesimo sezenhlalo nezomnotho.

Ukusetshenziswa kwangempela kwezwe kuye kwabonisa imiphumela emikhulu. Ngo-2016, ngemva kokuba i-AVR iqaliswe okokuqala emahhovisi ayo e-DMV, isuka kulawo aye abhaliswa ngokuzenzekelayo ayemele amaphesenti angu-33 awo wonke abo abavota. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, izifundazwe ezingu-21 ezengeziwe ne-Foourth of Columbia ziye zafaka i-gas translate. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi i-AVR yandisa ngokuphumelelayo kokubili ukubhaliswa nokuhlanganyela.

Usuku lokukhetha nokubhalisa kosuku olufanayo

Nakuba amazwe amaningi edinga ukubhaliswa kusengaphambili, inani elikhulayo linikeza usuku olufanayo noma i-EDR Explorication (EDR). Izifundazwe ezingamashumi amabili nantathu ne-Washington D.C. ziye zamukela i-Ecostation Day Export ExR Explority (EDR) noma i-Mown-SDR Exmon Exfrective (SDR), ivumela izakhamuzi ezifanelekayo ukuba zibhalise futhi zivote ngosuku olulodwa. I-EDR isebenza njengenethi elibalulekile lokuphepha kwabavoti abafaneleyo abangafaneleki abakhethwe abangasekhonzwa ngoSuku olukade be-Euciomsty járty j (hrberceror) noma ngenxa yokuhamba kohambo olusanda kusetshenziswayokuqala, ukuvota obe yiyo, noma ukuba umvoti obeyivoti ongaba uvoti wokuqala ongaqaphele imigomo.

Izinzuzo Nezinkathazo

Ukubhalisa ngosuku olufanayo kuqeda umngcele wezinsuku zokubhalisa, ongalahla abavoti abafanelekayo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma incwadi yokubhalisa ngosuku olulodwa idluliswa eKhonseleni, khona - ke yonke imibuso kungadingeka ukuba ivumele izakhamuzi ukuba zibhalise futhi zivote ngosuku olulodwa. Ngenxa yalokho ukubhalisa kungavimbela abanye ekuvotelweni, ikakhulukazi amaMelika athola imali ephansi, ukumiswa kosuku olulodwa lokubhalisa kungandisa cishe izinga lokwenyuswa kwesizwe sethu.

Naphezu kokukhathalela ukuqinisekiswa kwesikhathi, ukucwaninga kusekela ukulondeka kwezimiso ze-EDR. Abagxeki bakhathazekile ngokuthi ukukhomba isikhathi okunciphileyo kwe-EDR kungabangela ukukhwabanisa, kodwa ukucwaninga okuqhubekayo kubonisa ukukhwabanisa okungaguquguquki kuyinto engavamile kakhulu kungakhathaliseki isimiso sokubhalisa. Izinhlangano ezinjenge Brennan Center for Justice azitholanga bufakazi bokuthi EDR yandisa ukuvota ngokukhohlisa.

Inqubo Yokuqinisekisa

Ngemva kokuthola isicelo sokubhalisa, izikhulu zokhetho zithatha inqubo ebanzi yokuqinisekisa ukufezeka komfaki wesicelo. Lenqubo enezinyathelo eziningi ivikela ubuqotho bemishwana yamavoti kuyilapho izinhlelo zilungisa kahle.

Ukuqinisekiswa Kwemininingwane

Ukuqinisekiswa kuqala ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi ungubani umfaki wesicelo. U-HARA futhi uvimbela ukwamukela noma ukuhlela izicelo zokuvota ze-votel kahulumeni ngaphandle kokuba umfaki wesicelo unikeza ukwaziswa okuthile okuhlukanisayo, inombolo yelayisense yomshayeli yamanje nesemthethweni; uma umfaki wesicelo engenalo ilayisense yomshayeli, umfaki wesicelo anganikeza izinombolo ezine zokugcina zenombolo yakhe ye-social Security, futhi uma umfaki engena, umbuso uzonika isimemezelo esikhethekile senombolo yemvume yokuvota.

Izinombolo ze-Social Security zinendima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukubhaliswa kwezibalo. Njengoba esinye isifundazwe sichaza, izikhulu zikahulumeni kanye nezikhulu zendawo zizosebenzisa inani lakho le-Social Security njengesikhombi esikhethekile sokuqinisekisa ukuthi akekho umuntu obhaliswe endaweni engaphezulu. Amarekhodi aqukethe inani lakho lenhlala- kahle ye-Social Security ngeke avuleke ukuba ahlolwe umphakathi. Lokhu kuvikela kokubili ubuqotho bokhetho kanye nendawo eyimfihlo yokuvota.

Ukuhlola isiphambano sedata

Izikhulu zezokukhetha zingasebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene, ezibuswa umthetho kazwelonke, ukuze ziqinisekise ukwaziswa kokuvota, ezinye zazo ezihlanganisa ukwaziswa kukahulumeni. I-HARVA ifuna ukuba umnyango wezwe wezimoto (DMV) ungene ezivumelwaneni zokwaziswa ezihlanganisa izikhulu zikahulumeni zokukhetha kanye ne-Social Security Administration ukuqinisekisa ukwaziswa okuvotisiwe.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izakhamuzi zikhona, kuneminye imithombo lapho zicela. Izikhulu zikahulumeni zingakhetha ukungena e-Mnyango wobuGcisa (DHS) wokuqonda nge-USCIS ukuze zisebenzise le mibhalo ye-USCIS (US) ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthi i-Alien Veriation for Entitments (SAVE) ye-operations. Izikhulu zikahulumeni zingakhetha ukungena e-memorandum yokuqonda nge-USCIS ukuze zisebenzise le rekhodi yokuvota ukuze ziqinisekise i-projecters.

Ukuqinisekiswa Okuqinile

Ukuqinisekisa abavoti ngokusebenza kwemvume yokuhlala kubhaliwe esabelweni esilungile. Izikhulu zokhetho zingahlanganisa amakheli abonisiwe namanye ama-data kahulumeni noma zidinge ukuba kutholakale imvume yokuhlola indawo yokuhlala. Lesi sinyathelo sibalulekile ekwabiweni kwabavoti ezindaweni zokuvota ezifanele futhi baqiniseke ukuthi bathola i-colot efanele yesifunda sabo.

Izinqamulo zendawo yokushaya uma ubhala

NVRA ifuna izikhulu zikahulumeni zokhetho ukuba zihlale ngezikhathi ezithile lapho zihlola ukufaneleka komxhasi futhi ziqinisekisa ukuthi noma imuphi umfaki wesicelo ofanelekayo onikeze ifomu lokubhalisa elisemthethweni lomvoti phakathi nesikhathi esimisiwe ubhaliswa ukuba avote ngosuku lokhetho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma iyiphi imizamo eyiqiniso yezikhulu zikahulumeni kumelwe zikwazi ukuqedelwa phakathi komgcini mvume osebenzayo kanye nokhetho oluhambisana nolulandelayo.

Uma nje uqinisekisekile, abavoti ngokuvamile bathola isiqinisekiso. Uma usubhalisile ifomu lakho lokubhalisa, kufanele uthole ikhadi lokwaziswa noma ezinye izincwadi eziqinisekisa isikhundla sakho sokubhalisa. Uma ungamukeli enye, xhumana ne-Office yakho ye-Registrar' ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi i-station yakho ihlelwe kahle.

Ukulondoloza Uhlu Lwezilimi Olunembile

Ukubhalisa akusona isenzakalo esisodwa. Izikhulu zokhetho ziyaqhubeka zigcina uhlu lomvoti ukuqinisekisa ukunemba nokususa abavoti abangakholeki kuyilapho zivikela isikhundla sokubhalisa sabavoti abafanelekayo.

Ukugcinwa Kohlu Lokugcina

Ngemva kokuba umuntu ebhalisile ekuvoteni, izikhulu zokhetho zisebenzisa izinqubo ezifanayo ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthi umvoti uye wahlala ekufanelekela ukuvota, ngezikhathi ezithile eqhuba imisebenzi yokugcinwa kohlu lokhetho ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi umvoti akathuthanga, akafanga, noma ngezinye izikhathi akagunyazwanga kusukela ekubhalisweni komvoti ekuqaleni ukuba avote.

Ukulungiswa kohlu kuhilela imithombo eminingi yemininingwane nezinqubo. Izikhulu zokhetho zingathola izaziso ezivela emahhovisi ezibalo ezibalulekile mayelana nezakhamuzi ezifile, ukushintshwa kwamakheli okwaziswa ezikhungweni zeposi, nokuhlanganiswa nezinye izifundazwe ukuze zibone abavoti abaye banqamula imigqa yesifundazwe.

Ukungaphili Nokuvuselelwa Kwesimo

Ukubhalisa kwakho kungaphawulwa "ukungasebenzi" uma ungavoti okhethweni okungenani kabili futhi ungasabeli lapho izikhulu zokhetho zizama ukukufinyelela. Isifundazwe sakho noma ihhovisi lokhetho lasendaweni kungakusiza ukuba uguqule isikhundla sakho sokubhalisa ubuyele emuva phambili noma uphendule imibuzo ongase ube nayo.

Ukungasebenza kusebenza njengendawo ephakathi kokubhaliswa okuphelele nokususwa ebhukwini lovoti. Uma ukubhalisa kwakho kungasebenzi, kungadingeka uthathe izinyathelo ezengeziwe ngaphambi kokuba uvote. Uma ungavoti, kungadingeka uphonse i-odal jov. Lesimiso sivikela abavoti ukuba bangasuswa ngokungafanele kuyilapho begcina ukunemba kohlu.

Ukuhlaziya Ulwazi lokubhalisela

Ivoters inomthwalo wemfanelo wokugcina ulwazi lwayo lokubhalisa lukhona. Kudingeka uhlaziye ukubhalisa kwakho ngemva kokushintsha kwekheli, ukuthi usuka esifundeni noma uqhelile. Uma usuka esifundazweni, bhalisa nombuso osuthuthwe ukuba uye kuso. Faka izinguquko zakho ngaphambi kosuku lokubhalisa lukahulumeni, olungaba semuva ngezinsuku ezingu-30 ngaphambi koSuku Lokhetho.

Igama ushintsho lidinga futhi ukushintshwa. Udinga ukuvuselela ukubhalisa kwakho nesifundazwe noma insimu ngemva kokushintsha igama lakho elingokomthetho. Beka izinguquko zakho ngaphambi kokuphela konyaka wokubhalisa kukahulumeni. Ukwehluleka ukuvuselela ulwazi lokubhalisa kungabangela izinkinga endaweni yokuvota noma ukungavoti.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubhalisa kanjani ekuqaleni ukuvota, uzodinga ukuvuselela ukubhalisa uma uthutha noma ushintsha igama lakho noma ubulili. Kwezinye izimo, ungavuselela irekhodi lakho lokubhalisa endaweni yokuvota ngaphambi kokuba uvote, kodwa emazweni amaningi kuzodingeka wenze zonke izinguquko ezidingekile ngosuku lokubhalisa lukahulumeni.

Izindawo Ezifile Ezibhaliswayo

Izinsuku zokubhalisa ziyahlukahluka kakhulu ezifundazweni, zenzela abavoti okuhlangenwe nakho okuhlukahlukene kuye ngokuthi bahlalaphi. Izikhathi zokubhalisa ziyahlukahluka ngokombuso nasendaweni. Ukuqonda lezi zinsuku ezibalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukubhaliswa kuqalwa kulungiswa ngesikhathi sokhetho.

Isiphelo sokubhalisa isifundazwe sakho singaba semuva ngezinsuku ezingu-30 ngaphambi koSuku Lokhetho lwendawo, uhulumeni, noma lwezwe. Ezinye izifundazwe zidinga ukubhaliswa kwamasonto kusengaphambili, kuyilapho ezinye zivumela ukubhaliswa kosuku olulodwa. Lokhu kubonisa izindlela ezihlukene zokulinganisela izidingo zokuphatha ngokuvunyelwa yivoti.

Ukungqubuzana phakathi kokubhalisa nokutholaka kahle kuphawuleka. Ukungavumelani okuyinhloko kuphakathi kwemvume yokuqondisa yezikhulu zokhetho nomvoti omkhulu ofinyelela eSimini Sokhetho. Izwe liyaqhubeka lihlola futhi lilungisa imithetho yalo yokubhalisa esekelwe ekwazini ukuphatha kanye nasezimisweni eziza kuqala.

Kuhlolwa isimo sokubhaliswa

Abavoti bangaqinisekisa futhi kufanele baqinisekise ukubhalisa kwabo ngaphambi kokhetho. Hlola ukubhalisa kwakho kuyi-inthanethi ukuze uqinisekise inombolo yakho yokuvota futhi uma usabhalisile. Qondisa igama lakho, ikheli, i-partet, nezindawo zokuhlola. Lesi sinyathelo esilula singavimbela izinkinga ngoSuku Lokhetho.

Ukuhlola nokuvuselela (njengoba kudingekile) ukubhalisa kwakho kuqinisekisiwe: Igama lakho, ikheli, kanye nobudlelwane beqembu kusuka ku-usuku oluya phambili. Ukwethembeka kwasikhathi sonke kubaluleke kakhulu kubavoti abathuthile, abashintshile amagama, noma abangavoti okhethweni bamuva.

Lezi zimiso zivumela abavoti ukuba basheshe baqinisekise ukubhalisa kwabo futhi basho noma iziphi izinto ezidinga ukulungiswa ngaphambi kokuba kufike uSuku Lokhetho.

Iqembu Lezombangazwe Liyafa

Uma ubhalisa ukuvota, amanye amazwe namasimu angabuza ukuthi ungowaphini lweqembu lezombangazwe. Ezifundazweni nasemasimini angenawo amasuntswana, ungavota kuphela kukhetho oluyinhloko lweqembu lakho. Okhethweni oluvamile, ungavotela noma ubani ozobhapathizwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungowaphi umbutho wakho.

Kungenxa yokuthi amanye amazwe awafuni ukuba umeme umthelela lapho ubhalisa. Ukuqonda imithetho yokubhalisa yeqembu lombuso wakho kubalulekile ekuhlanganyeleni nokhetho oluyinhloko.

Izikhulu zokhetho zinganikeza ukwaziswa ngenqubo nangesikhathi sokuhlaziya ukubhaliswa kweqembu ngalinye.

Izimo Ezikhethekile Zokubhalisa

Imishini Yezempi Neyaphesheya Kolwandle

Kukhona amalungiselelo akhethekile ezisebenzi zempi nezakhamuzi ezihlala phesheya. Funda ukuthi wena nomkhaya wakho ningabhalisa kanjani futhi nivote kunoma kuphi lapho ukhona. Ungavota ngeposi kunoma kuphi emhlabeni. I-Federal Voting Applice Program inikeza imithombo eklanyelwe laba bavoti ngokuqondile.

Imishini engenawo amakheli Endabuko

Awudingi ikheli lasekhaya ukuze ubhalise futhi uvote. Izwe lisungule izinqubo zokuhlalisa abavoti abahlushwa ukungabi namakhaya noma labo abangenamakheli angokwesiko, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lezakhamuzi zingasebenzisa amalungelo azo okuvota.

Abaqophi Bezinkolelo Ezingaqondakali

Ukuzimisela kwakho ukuvota ngemva kwenkolelo kungaba okuhlukile kusuka kuzwe kusuka kwesinye isifundazwe. Ukunikeza amalungelo kuyahluka kakhulu ezikhundleni, kanti ezinye izifunda ziwabuyisela ngokuzenzekelayo amalungelo ngemva kokuqedwa komusho kuyilapho ezinye zibeka izimfuneko ezengeziwe noma imingcele ehlala njalo.

Amalahle Akhubazekile

Yazi amalungelo akho nendawo yokuvota evikelwe umthetho. Imithetho kazwelonke neyombuso ivikela amalungelo abavoti ngokukhubazeka, idinga izinqubo ezitholakalayo zokubhalisa nezindawo zokuvota. Izikhulu zezokuvota kumelwe zinikeze indawo yokuhlala ukuze ziqinisekise zonke izakhamuzi ezifanelekayo zingabhalisa futhi zivote.

Izimfuneko Zokwazi Ukuhlukanisa

Ngaphandle kokubhaliswa, amazwe amaningi adinga abavoti ukuba baveze izimpawu lapho befaka ama-collet. Izinqubo ze-Voter ID zibuswa kakhulu umthetho kazwelonke. Okwamanje, amazwe angu-36 anemithetho ye-properson i-ID yevoti, enezimfuneko ezihlukene; ngokwesibonelo, amazwe angu-24 acela abavoti ukuba bawathole amanani ezithombe, futhi amazwe angu-12 amukela izindlela zokuzichaza.

Lezi zimfuneko zihluka ngokuqina nohlobo. Ezinye izifundazwe zidinga ukuboniswa kwezithombe, kuyilapho ezinye zivuma izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zemibhalo. Ukuqonda izimfuneko ze-ID zomvoti kazwelonke kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ungafaka i-odoli yakho ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Kuvota ngeposi, izindlela zokuvota ezihlukene ziyasebenza. Kubantu abavota ngeposi, izifundazwe zingaba nezinqubo ezengeziwe − njengokusayinwa kwe-sayding, lapho isignesha yovoti ezintweni zokuvota iqhathaniswa nenye yezisayino zabo kuyifayile, noma izimfuneko zofakazi ."ukusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi i-colot yaqedwa yilowo muntu ocelile futhi wayamukela.

Umsebenzi Ongokomthetho Nokunakekela Kwamanxusa

Ngaphansi "kokuhlelwa kwemigqa" eSiphakamisweni I, Ingxenye 4, yoMthetho-sisekelo we-U.S., izishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni zinomthwalo wemfanelo wokugunyaza "Izinkathi, Izindawo noMnumzane wokukhetha iziNhlomo zabaHluleli nabameleli," kodwa uMkhandlu "nganoma isiphi isikhathi ngoMthetho wenza noma ushintsha" imithetho ehlobene nezici eziningi zokhetho lukahulumeni. Lomthetho-mthetho umisa ukwahlukana kwegunya phakathi kohulumeni nohulumeni ekuqondiseni kokhetho.

Imithetho Yesifunda

Imithetho eminingana kahulumeni ilawula izici zokubhaliswa kwevoti. I-National Voter Britage Act ne-Help America Vote Act imisa izindinganiso ezithi azilandeleli ezifuna ukhetho lukahulumeni. Lemithetho ihlose ukwandisa amathuba okubhaliswa kuyilapho ilondoloza ukulondeka kokhetho.

Iziphakamiso eziningi zemithetho zamuva nje zingasingatha inqubo yokubhalisa, ngezicelo zabantu ngabanye noma ngokuqinisekisa noma ngokubhala uhlu lwezimfuneko zokunakekelwa kwezikhulu zokhetho. UKhongolo-mthetho uyaqhubeka ucabangela umthetho ozoguqula izimfuneko zikahulumeni zokubhaliswa nokuqinisekiswa.

Ukujeziswa Kwesigebengu

Izijeziso zezegebengu zikhona kubantu abazama ukuvota, noma ukuvota, okhethweni lukahulumeni lapho bengenakukhonzwa ukwenza kanjalo. Izibonelo ezisezingeni likahulumeni zihlanganisa izijeziso ezithile ezimiswe ngamalungiselelo eSivumelwano sama - Coting Rights ka-1965; iNational Voter Expabligation Act ka 1993 (NVRA); kanye noMthetho wobuHlola obungavunyelwe ngokomthetho kanye noMthetho we-Immigrant Justice ka-1996. Amazwe amaningi futhi anemithetho efanayo enemiyalo enqabela ukuvota kwamanga noma ukuvota uma kungenamthetho wokwenza imvume engokomthetho kahulumeni nasenkonzweni.

Imibono Yomhlaba Wonke Ngokubhaliswa Kwemali

Izimiso zokubhalisa ze-voter ziyahluka kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, zinikeza izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokulinganisela ukutholakala nokunemba. Izimiso zokubhalisa zihluka kakhulu kuye lelizwe ngalinye, futhi ngezinye izikhathi phakathi kwezifunda eziphansi, njengamazwe noma izifundazwe. Kwezinye izizwe, abavoti bafakwa ngokuzenzekelayo emiqulwini lapho befika enkathini yokuvota engokomthetho. Kwezinye, abavoti abangase bavotelwe kudingeka ukuba bafakelwe emibhalweni.

Izimiso Zokubhalisela Ezizenzakalelayo

Amazwe amaningi ahlanganisa ukubhalisa kwevoti nenani labantu besizwe. Emazweni lapho ukubhalisa kwezakhamuzi kuphoqelelwe khona, ukuvota ngokuvamile akukho, ngoba ukuvota kunganqunywa kubhaliso lwendawo yokuhlala. Lendlela iqeda izinqubo zokubhalisa ezihlukene ngokuphelele.

Ngokwesibonelo, amazwe aseScandinavia asebenzisa izikhokhelo ezibanzi zomphakathi ukuze athole izinjongo eziningi zikahulumeni. Izakhamuzi nezakhamuzi zaseNorway zihlanganisiwe ekubhaliseni kwesizwe, i-Folke registeret, lapho umuntu ngamunye abelwa khona inani lama-digithi ayishumi nanye ahlanganisa usuku lokuzalwa komuntu. Iphepha lokubhalisa lisetshenziselwa izinhlu zentela, izinhlu zabavoti, amalungu esimiso sezempilo sasemhlabeni wonke nezinye izinjongo, futhi ligcinwa yiziphathimandla zentela.

Ukubhalisa Ngempoqo

Ingxenye yamazwe abhalisa amavoti iphoqelekile. Amanye abhalisa abavoti abafanelekayo, kuyilapho amanye agunyaza ngokomthetho ukuthi izakhamuzi ezifanelekayo kumelwe zithathe izinyathelo zokubhalisa. Izimiso ze-Chostism zizimisele ukuqinisekisa ukungenela ngokwenza ukubhalisa kube yisibopho esingokomthetho kunokuba kube ukukhetha okungakhethi.

I-Electoral Commission igcina umqulu kahulumeni we-Australia. Izwe ngalinye linekhomishane yalo ye-votorotal noma ihhovisi, kodwa abavoti kudingeka babhalise kuphela ne-AEC, ehlanganyela imininingwane yokubhalisa ne-operal commission yezwe elihlangeneyo.

Izinselele Nempikiswano Eqhubekayo

Izimiso zokubhalisa kumelwe zilinganisele izinto eziza kuqala ezincintisanayo: ukuqinisekisa ukulondeka kokhetho kuyilapho kufaka ukutholakala kwabavoti abafanelekayo. Umsebenzi we-Congress ohlobene nokuvota ngokuvamile umiswa njengendinganiso yendima kahulumeni ekusekeleni ilungelo lomthetho-sisekelo lokuvota nokuqinisekisa ubuqotho bezinqubo zokukhetha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abanye bangabheka izimfuneko ezengeziwe ekubhaliseni noma ekuvoteleni njengemingcele engadingekile ekusebenziseni ilungelo lokuvota.

Ukutholakala Nokuphepha

Abenzi bemithetho bayaqhubeka bephikisana ngesilinganiso esifanelekile sobufakazi nemibhalo efunekayo ukuze kubhaliswe. Bobabili abavoti bayavuma ukuthi ukubhalisa kufanele kuvumele zonke izakhamuzi ezifanelekayo(*kubhalisa nokuvota kuphela ) ezifanelekelayo kukhetho lukahulumeni. Nakuba izimo zokubhalisa nokuvota ziyivelakancane, umgomo we-Transplation America Act wokuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamuzi kuphela ezingabhalisa ukuvota ubalulekile. Kodwa kulula, kungcono ukukhokha izindleko ezinkulu zokuthuthukisa ukuqinisekiswa kwe-indawo yokuhlala ngaphandle kokwenza i-vote esemthethweni.

Ubufakazi obuyisiqinisekiso bubonisa lezi zimfuneko. Izakhamuzi eziningi ezifanele azinakho ukukwazi ukuthola ubufakazi obugciniwe be-project bobuhlali. Zikhona izindlela ezingcono zokuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamuzi zibekwe umthwalo wemfanelo kuhulumeni, hhayi kubavoti. Inselele isekuklameni izimiso eziqinisekisa ukufezeka ngaphandle kokwenza izingxenyana ezingafanele kubavoti abasemthethweni.

Ukugcwalisa Izinselele

Ukushintshwa kwezimiso zokubhalisa kudinga imithombo emikhulu kanye nokuhlela. I-Plavention America Act idinga izinguquko ezinkulu esinyathelweni ngasinye senqubo yokuvota: indlela abavoti ababhalisa ngayo, indlela i-costation yabo eqinisekiswa ngayo, nendlela ukulungiswa kohlu olugcinwa ngayo ngesisekelo esiqhubekayo. Lezi zinguquko zingabiza futhi zidle isikhathi, kuthathe izinyanga ezingesizo-$* uma kungafezwanga iminyaka.

Izibonelo zezwe langempela zibonisa imiphumela engenzeka yezimfuneko ezivimbelayo. Ngaphambi kokuba umthetho usebenze, ukubhalisa okungafihleki eKansas kwakuyivelakancane kakhulu, ukubala cishe 0.02% yabavoti ababhalisile. Ngemva kokutholwa, ubufakazi obugciniwe besidingo sezakhamuzi ezifanelekela ubuzwe bavinjelwa izakhamuzi ezingu-31 000, noma i-12% yazo zonke izicelo, ukuba zingabhalisi ukuvota. Ngokungasho okufushane, umthetho wavimbela izakhamuzi eziningi ukuba zibhalisa evoti kunabange abangezona abasemthethweni.

Imikhuba Emihle Kakhulu Kwabahlabeleli Bezitolo

Ukuqonda inqubo yokubhalisa yamavoti kunika izakhamuzi amandla okuhlanganyela ngokuphumelelayo kukhetho. Nakhu ukutusa okuyinhloko kokubhalisa amavoti:

  • Ubhaliso kwasekuqaleni: Ungalindi kuze kube ukufinyelelwa kwezinsuku zokubhalisa. Ukubhalisa kokuqala kunikeza isikhathi sokuxazulula noma yiziphi izimpikiswano ezingase zivele.
  • Ziqinisekise izimo zakho zokubhalisa: Hlola ukubhalisa kwakho ngezikhathi ezithile, ikakhulukazi phambi kokhetho olubalulekile, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ulwazi lwakho lungolwamanje nolunembile.
  • fukula ukwaziswa kwakho ngokushesha: Izikhulu zokhetho ukwazisa ngokushesha ngemva kokususa noma ukushintsha igama lakho ukuze ulondoloze isikhundla sakho sokubhalisa.
  • Gcina amabhukwana aqinisekisiwe: Gcina noma imuphi umvoti wamakhadi okugunyaza noma izincwadi ezivela kubaphathi bokhetho.
  • Yazi izimfuneko zezwe lakho: Cwaninga izindlela eziqondile zokubhalisa, izikhathi ezimisiwe, nezimfuneko zokwazi.
  • Izikhulu zokhetho ezinemibuzo: Amahhovisi okhetho asendaweni anganikeza ukwaziswa okunegunya ngezinqubo zokubhalisa nezimfuneko.
  • Ngaphansi kwendawo yakho yokuhlola: qinisekisa ukuthi kufanele uvotephi nokuthi isiphi isici okudingeka usiphathe.

Ikusasa Lokubhaliswa Kwevoter

Izimiso zokubhalisa ziyaqhubeka zishintsha njengoba intuthuko yobuchwepheshe iyanda futhi abakhi bezimiso befuna ukuthuthukisa ukutholakala nokulondeka. Ukuvota okuzenzekelayo kuyakhula emazweni amaningi, kungashintsha indlela amaMelika abhalisa ngayo evoti. Izimiso zokubhalisa nge-inthanethi ziqala ukuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, zinikeza ukukhululeka okukhulu kuyilapho zilondoloza ukulondeka.

Izimpikiswano mayelana nezimfuneko eziyiqiniso, izindinganiso zobubhali, kanye nohlu lwezinqubo zokulungisa cishe ziyoqhubeka zibangela ukuncintisana kwezinto eziza kuqala. Umgomo ulokhu uvumelana nemibono ehlukene: ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izakhamuzi ezifanelekayo zingabhalisa futhi zivote kuyilapho zilondoloza ubuqotho benqubo yokukhetha.

Ukubambisana kwezindaba zesifundazwe nokubambisana kwezinhlangano kuyathuthuka, kusiza izikhulu zokhetho ukuba zilondoloze uhlu oluqondile njengomvoti njengoba izakhamuzi zithutha phakathi kwezifundazwe.

Imithombo Yezincwadi

Kunemithombo eminingi etholakalayo yokusiza izakhamuzi ukuba zifundele ivoti:

  • [FLT].Boote.gov: ingosi kahulumeni esemthethweni inikeza ukwaziswa kokubhalisa okuqondene nombuso, izinsuku ezimisiwe, kanye nokuxhumana kolayini.
  • Amawebhusayithi okhetho lwesifundazwe: Isifundazwe ngasinye silondoloza ingosi yokhetho engokomthetho enokwaziswa okuningiliziwe ngezinqubo zokubhalisa, izinsuku ezimisiwe, nezimfuneko.
  • Amahhovisi okhetho e-Louver: Isifundazwe noma amahhovisi okhetho lukamasipala angaphendula imibuzo futhi anikeze usizo ngokubhaliswa.
  • U.S.U.U.S. Commission yoMnyango wokhetho: Inikeza ukwaziswa ngezimfuneko zokhetho lukahulumeni nezindinganiso zokuvota.
  • [ Izinhlangano zokuvota zomvoti: Amaqembu anjengeNhlangano yabesifazane inikeza usizo lokubhalisa nemfundo yomvoti.

Isiphetho

Ukubhalisa ngevoter kusebenza njengesisekelo sokuhlanganyela kwentando yeningi, kudala umlando ongokomthetho wabavoti abafanelekayo abavumela ukukhetha okulungile nokulondekile. Nakuba izinqubo zokubhalisa zihlukahluka ezifundazweni futhi ziqhubeka ziguquka, injongo eyisisekelo ihlala ikhona: iqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izakhamuzi ezifanelekayo zingasebenzisa ilungelo lazo lokuvota kuyilapho zilondoloza ubuqotho besimiso sokhetho.

Ukuqonda indlela ukuvota okusebenza ngayo kunika izakhamuzi amandla okulawula le nqubo ngokuphumelelayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukubhalisa okokuqala, ukuvuselela ukubhalisa okukhona, noma ukusiza abanye ukuba babhalise, ulwazi lwezindlela zokubhalisa, izinqubo zokuqinisekisa, kanye nezindlela zokuyilungisa kungenza ukuba kuphumelele ukuhlanganyela embusweni wentando yeningi.

Njengoba izimiso zokubhalisa ziqhubeka zisebenza ngendlela evumelanayo ngokubhalisa okuzenzekelayo, nge - Internet, nangezimiso zemininingwane ezithuthukisiwe, ukulinganisela phakathi kokutholakala nokulondeka kuseyinto eyinhloko ezingxoxweni ezingokomthetho. Ngokuhlala bezazi ngezimfuneko zokubhalisa nangezikhathi ezimisiwe, abavoti bangaqinisekisa ukuthi amazwi abo azwakala okhethweni kuzo zonke izigaba zikahulumeni.